identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
293FD8542419BC54FE73FA9842FF7EE3.text	293FD8542419BC54FE73FA9842FF7EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronaemis viridithorax Zayas 1988	<div><p>Peronaemis viridithorax Zayas</p> <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p>Peronaemis monticola Fisher 1936: 343. Current valid name.</p> <p>Peronaemis viridithorax Zayas 1988: 39. New synonymy.</p> <p>Type locality: CUBA: Oriente Province, beyond Paso de Calas, as ascending Pico Turquino. Zayas (1988: 40) cited four syntype specimens from the type locality. The syntype photographed is a male.</p> <p>334</p> <p>Peronaemis Waterhouse contains six described species, all from the Greater Antilles, and at least one undescribed species from Hispaniola. The very similar genus Mixochlorus Waterhouse contains three species, one from Hispaniola and two from Central America. Both genera were described in the same paper (Waterhouse 1887) with only a single species in each. Discovery of subsequent species has blurred the distinction between the two taxa, and all of the species in the two genera might best be placed in one genus.</p> <p>Only two species of Peronaemis, P. monticola Fisher and P. elegans Fisher, both from Cuba, have a broad, even, greenish stripe on the elytron on the two intervals closest to the suture (Mixochlorus elegans Fisher, from Hispaniola, has the sutural region of the elytron green but the coloration is uneven, being expanded slightly in the basal third and more noticeably just beyond the middle). In P. monticola the green sutural area is impressed and has dense microsculpture that obscures the distinction between the two intervals. In P. elegans the green sutural area is not impressed and the distinction between the two intervals is visible. Peronaemis elegans further differs from P. monticola in having the lateral depressions of the pronotum more weakly impressed, the posterior angles of the pronotum with well delineated bright green spots (at least in the female), a relatively well defined dark spot near the middle of each elytron, and in lacking the elongate, impressed cupreous spot at the apical third of each elytron found in P. monticola.</p> <p>Peronaemis viridithorax Zayas is a synonym of P. monticola Fisher, confirming Bellamy’s (2000) speculation that these two names are synonyms. Fisher (1936) based his description of P. monticola primarily on the female holotype (USNM). His description of the two male paratypes (one in USNM) is brief, and since there is some sexual dichromatism in Peronaemis, perhaps this misled Zayas into thinking his material was a new species. Furthermore, the type locality of P. monticola is Cuba, Oriente Province, Pico Turquino, essentially the same locality as for P. viridithorax.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293FD8542419BC54FE73FA9842FF7EE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barman, E. H.;Michat, M. C.;Alarie, Y.;Wolfe, G. W.	Barman, E. H., Michat, M. C., Alarie, Y., Wolfe, G. W. (2007): Figs. 16 – 17. 16 in A Description of the First Instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae: Colymbetini), with Phylogenetic Implications. The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (3): 334-338, DOI: 10.1649/0010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325880
293FD854241ABC52FE3EFAED412D7F20.text	293FD854241ABC52FE3EFAED412D7F20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenodes caray Zayas 1988	<div><p>Actenodes caray Zayas</p> <p>(Fig. 3)</p> <p>Actenodes caray Zayas 1988: 41.</p> <p>Type locality: CUBA: Oriente Province, Ciudad Mar. Zayas (1988: 41) cited a single specimen. The holotype appears to be a female.</p> <p>Actenodes caray is a valid species similar to two other Caribbean species that have roundish metallic spots near the middle of the smooth, non-costate elytron. Actenodes auronotata (Laporte &amp; Gory), known from the southeastern U.S. (Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina), the Bahamas, Cuba, and doubtfully Haiti, and A. bellula (Mannerheim), widespread on Hispaniola, both have two nearly adjacent spots just anterior to the middle of the elytron, and one just posterior to the middle. In A. caray there is one spot in the anterior position and one in the posterior, and they are closer together than the anterior and posterior spots in A. auronotata and A. bellula. Also, A. auronotata and A. bellula lack the posterolateral green band found on the elytron of A. caray. A third similar taxon, A. auronotatus var. jamaicensis Fisher, from Jamaica, has much larger green spots and narrow green coloration posteriorly along the lateral margin and suture of the elytron. It should probably be considered a valid taxon at the species level but is still known from only a few specimens.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293FD854241ABC52FE3EFAED412D7F20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barman, E. H.;Michat, M. C.;Alarie, Y.;Wolfe, G. W.	Barman, E. H., Michat, M. C., Alarie, Y., Wolfe, G. W. (2007): Figs. 16 – 17. 16 in A Description of the First Instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae: Colymbetini), with Phylogenetic Implications. The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (3): 334-338, DOI: 10.1649/0010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325880
293FD854241ABC54FE34FC7742557818.text	293FD854241ABC54FE34FC7742557818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isophaenus israeli Zayas 1988	<div><p>Isophaenus israeli Zayas</p> <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p>Xenorhipis vauriei Cazier 1952:3. Current valid name.</p> <p>Isophaenus israeli Zayas 1988: 40. Synonymy by Ivie (1991: 400).</p> <p>Type locality: CUBA: Oriente Province, Guantánamo, Tortuguilla. Zayas (1988: 41) cited a single specimen. The holotype is a male.</p> <p>Ivie (1991) proposed the synonymy of I. israeli Zayas with X. vauriei Cazier, described from South Bimini Island, Bahamas, without further discussion. We have compared our image of the holotype of I. israeli with an image of the male holotype of X. vauriei (AMNH, available at http://research.amnh.org/invertzoo/ types_db/details.php?specimen_id559) and concur that the two specimens are conspecific.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293FD854241ABC54FE34FC7742557818	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barman, E. H.;Michat, M. C.;Alarie, Y.;Wolfe, G. W.	Barman, E. H., Michat, M. C., Alarie, Y., Wolfe, G. W. (2007): Figs. 16 – 17. 16 in A Description of the First Instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae: Colymbetini), with Phylogenetic Implications. The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (3): 334-338, DOI: 10.1649/0010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325880
293FD854241CBC53FE2EFC1F413E7DD2.text	293FD854241CBC53FE2EFC1F413E7DD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiopleura cupeyali Zayas 1988	<div><p>Leiopleura cupeyali Zayas</p> <p>(Fig. 5)</p> <p>Leiopleura cupeyali Zayas 1988: 44.</p> <p>Neotrachys cupeyali (Zayas). Current valid name.</p> <p>Type locality: CUBA: Oriente Province, Cupeyal. The photographed specimen, of undetermined sex, is probably a holotype, but no number of specimens was given by Zayas.</p> <p>Following a suggestion by Ivie (1991), Hespenheide (2006: 239) correctly placed this and the following species in the genus Neotrachys Obenberger. The one sentence original description of this species stated that the head and pronotum are golden, and the elytra metallic green, with the venter black. However, the holotype has a dark bronzy or coppery pronotum and dark bluish elytra (Fig. 5). It is possible that the colors have gradually changed with time, but more likely the description was innacurate. The habitus illustration provided by Zayas (1988: fig. 36) is inaccurate in some details, showing antennae that are too large and a more rounded form to the elytral apices.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293FD854241CBC53FE2EFC1F413E7DD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barman, E. H.;Michat, M. C.;Alarie, Y.;Wolfe, G. W.	Barman, E. H., Michat, M. C., Alarie, Y., Wolfe, G. W. (2007): Figs. 16 – 17. 16 in A Description of the First Instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae: Colymbetini), with Phylogenetic Implications. The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (3): 334-338, DOI: 10.1649/0010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325880
293FD854241CBC52FE3FFDB242DB7E85.text	293FD854241CBC52FE3FFDB242DB7E85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphrocerus tao Zayas 1988	<div><p>Taphrocerus tao Zayas</p> <p>(Fig. 4)</p> <p>Taphrocerus tao Zayas 1988: 41.</p> <p>Type locality: CUBA: Pinar del Río Province, Viñales. Zayas (1988: 42) cited three syntype specimens from the type locality. The photographed syntype is a male.</p> <p>This species is most similar to Taphrocerus timidus Chevrolat based on the information provided by Fisher (1925) on the Caribbean species, and USNM specimens identified by Fisher as T. timidus (from Cuban localities: C. Jatiponico; Nagua, Oriente; and Cienfuegos, Soledad). The USNM specimens have a slightly angulate lateral pronotal margin and a vaguely defined prehumeral carina at the posterior angle of the pronotum which appear to be shared by T. tao. Taphrocerus tao could be a synonym of T. timidus, but only examination of the actual specimens, including genitalia, in a comparative context, will resolve the identity of T. tao with certainty.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293FD854241CBC52FE3FFDB242DB7E85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barman, E. H.;Michat, M. C.;Alarie, Y.;Wolfe, G. W.	Barman, E. H., Michat, M. C., Alarie, Y., Wolfe, G. W. (2007): Figs. 16 – 17. 16 in A Description of the First Instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae: Colymbetini), with Phylogenetic Implications. The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (3): 334-338, DOI: 10.1649/0010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325880
293FD854241DBC53FE54FEB241557F8B.text	293FD854241DBC53FE54FEB241557F8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiopleura cyanea Zayas 1988	<div><p>Leiopleura cyanea Zayas</p> <p>(Fig. 6)</p> <p>Leiopleura cyanea Zayas 1988: 44.</p> <p>Neotrachys cyanea (Zayas). Current valid name.</p> <p>Type locality: CUBA: Oriente Province, Cupeyal. The photographed specimen, of undetermined sex, is probably a holotype, but no number of specimens was given by Zayas.</p> <p>The one sentence original description of this species stated that the color is entirely metallic blue. However, the photograph of the holotype shows that the head and pronotum have a decidedly dark bronze or coppery coloration, contrasting with the blue elytra, similar to that of the holotype of N. cupeyali (Fig. 5). As the holotype of N. cupeyali was collected in June 1964 from the same locality as the holotype of N. cyanea, collected in June 1966, it seems highly likely that the two specimens are conspecific.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/293FD854241DBC53FE54FEB241557F8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barman, E. H.;Michat, M. C.;Alarie, Y.;Wolfe, G. W.	Barman, E. H., Michat, M. C., Alarie, Y., Wolfe, G. W. (2007): Figs. 16 – 17. 16 in A Description of the First Instar of Hoperius planatus Fall, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae: Colymbetini), with Phylogenetic Implications. The Coleopterists Bulletin 24 (3): 334-338, DOI: 10.1649/0010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5325880
