taxonID	type	description	language	source
038887F098579417FF5BD032DE342E1B.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2)	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098579417FF5BD032DE342E1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Tropical Western Atlantic. Material examined. 1 unsexed, AM P 27058 (AJB H 1 / 29 / 11); male, 1 ‘ A’ male specimen, 6.3 mm, 3 slides, AM P 77868 (JML- 7 - 10 - 1); 1 ‘ B’ female, 4.0 mm, 3 slides, AM P 77869 (JML- 7 - 10 - 1); 10 + unsexed, AM P 77870 (JML- 7 - 10 - 1); 10 + unsexed, AM P 77873 (JML 7 - 10 - 2); 14 unsexed, AM P 77878 (JML 7 - 10 - 3); 6 unsexed, AM P 70329 (JML 16 - 10 - 7); 4 unsexed, AM P 77879 (JML 16 - 10 - 8); 2 unsexed, AM P 77876 (JML 16 - 10 - 9); 4 unsexed, AM P 77877 (JML 17 - 10 - 2); 4 unsexed, AM P 77875 (JML 20 - 10 - 1); 5 unsexed, AM P 77874 (JML 20 - 10 - 2); 82 unsexed, AM P 36794 (JML 24 - 7 - 4); 1 unsexed, AM P 77872 (QLD 1981); 183 unsexed, AM P 77871 (QLD 2014).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098579417FF5BD032DE342E1B.taxon	description	Description. Based on male, 6.3 mm, AM P 77868. Head. Head protuberant. Rostrum short, apically acute; lateral cephalic lobe absent; eyes greater than half length of head; accessory eyes with 3 ommatidia. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 without tooth; peduncular article 2 not elongate; flagellum 17 – articulate. Antenna 2 flagellum 16 – articulate. Mandible palp article 2 with 2 plumose setae; article 3 with 2 plumose apical setae; molar greatly enlarged, columnar, triturative, accessory setal row with 5 serrate setae. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 4 slender setae. Maxilliped foliaceaous. Pereon. Pereonites 6 – 7 without lateral ridge. Pereonite 7 without carination. Gnathopod 1 weakly subchelate; coxa anterior margin not produced, coxa not tapering distally; basis about as long as carpus; propodus palm acute, without robust setae defining posterodistal corner of palm. Gnathopod 2 simple; coxa not distally tapering; basis about as long as carpus; dactylus vestigial, terminal setae short, subequal to length of dactylus. Pereopod 3 coxa anterodistal lobe absent, posterodistal lobe truncate, greater than half depth of coxa, margin smooth; basis width subequal to breadth of ischium. Pereopod 4 coxa smaller than coxa 3, subtriangular, posterior margin with well-developed lobe. Pereopods 5 – 6 basis subovoid, expanded, posterodistal lobe well developed, rounded, posterodistal lobe not extending past ischium. Pereopods 5 – 7 basis anterodistal corner weakly produced, rounded, posterior margin smooth. Pereopod 7 basis subrectangular, posterodistal lobe well developed, subacute, extending below ischium. Pleon. Pleonites 1 – 3 without lateral ridges; without carination; posterodorsal margins smooth. Epimeron 1 – 3 posterior margin smooth, posterodistal corner rounded. Uropod 3 length greatly exceeding length of uropods 1 – 2; peduncle long (at least 2 x breadth). Telson moderately cleft (30 - 65 %), much longer than uropod 3 peduncle, setae lining lateral margin, with 1 pair of slender and 1 pair of robust setae. Habitat. Coral rubble, 12 – 18 m depth, nektonic at night.	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098579417FF5BD032DE342E1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The presence of an accessory eye in Synopia ultramarina aligns it with S. caraibica Bovallius, 1886 and S. scheeleana Bovallius, 1886. In S. ultramarina the telson is moderately to deeply cleft which separates it from S. caraibica which has a weakly cleft telson (<30 % of length). In S. ultramarina the pereopod 4 coxa is subtriangular whereas in S. scheeleana the coxa is subrectangular. Synopia ultramarina figured here has coxa 1 broader and pereopod 4 carpus less expanded in comparison to material figured by Hirayama (1988) and Barnard & Thomas (1989). Material figured by Ledoyer (1986) appears to have more rounded margins on coxae 1, 3 and 4. These slight variations are considered to be intraspecific variation within this widely distributed species. Synopia ultramarina is exceptionally similar to Telsosynopia trifidilla Hughes & Lowry, 2006. These species co-occur at Lizard Island and One Tree Island and have been recorded from the same sample. Synopia ultramarina and Telsosynopia trifidilla are differentiated by the entire and cleft telson, respectively, however all other morphological variation between these species is slight. Material representing both sexes and a range of body sizes have been observed for both species and this dismisses the possibility of these taxa are a single species where the telsonic clefting is a growth stage.	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098579417FF5BD032DE342E1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia. Queensland: Lizard Island (current study); Lowe Isles (K. H. Barnard 1930); Heron Island and One Tree Island (current study). Brazil (Dana 1853). Indian Ocean. (Dana 1853). Indonesia. Borneo (Pirlot 1936). Japan. Seto Inland Sea (Nagata 1965); Tomioka Bay (Hirayama 1988). Madagascar. (Ledoyer 1986). Red Sea (Spandl 1924). West Atlantic. (Dana 1853; Stebbing 1906); Bermuda (Shoemaker 1945); Caribbean (Shoemaker 1933; Ortiz 1978; Barnard & Thomas 1989).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098529414FF5BD39EDF7E2E62.taxon	description	(Figs 3, 4)	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098529414FF5BD39EDF7E2E62.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, female 3.4 mm, 3 slides, AM P 77880, off Osprey Island, Lizard Island area (14 ° 40 ' S 145 ° 26 ' E), surface plankton tow, full moon, J. M. Leis, 7 October 1979, (JML 7 - 10 - 1). Paratypes: 6 specimens, AM P 77885 (same locality). Additional material examined. 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 77886 (JML 17 - 10 - 2); 3 unsexed specimens, AM P 77887 (QLD 16); 2 unsexed specimens, AM P 77881 (QLD 21); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 28474 (QLD 28); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 28476 (QLD 29); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 28477 (QLD 30); 2 unsexed specimens, AM P 77884 (QLD 1907); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 77883 (QLD 1981); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 77882 (QLD 1983). Type locality. Off Osprey Island, Lizard Island area (14 ° 40 ' S 145 ° 26 ' E).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098529414FF5BD39EDF7E2E62.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From petite – ‘ small’; and serrata – ‘ serrate, ’ referring to the smaller size of the species in comparison to other closely related Syrrhoe species.	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098529414FF5BD39EDF7E2E62.taxon	description	Description. Based on female, 3.4 mm, AM P 77880. Head. Head protuberant; rostrum short, apically acute; lateral cephalic lobe absent; eyes less than half length of the head; accessory eyes absent. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 not elongate, with a distal tooth; peduncular article 2 not elongate; flagellum shorter than pereon, 6 – articulate. Antenna 2 flagellum 8 – articulate. Mandible palp article 2 with many slender setae; article 3 with many slender apical setae; molar greatly enlarged, smooth, not triturative, accessory setal row with 2 serrate setae. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 5 slender setae. Maxilliped not foliaceaous. Pereon. Pereonites 6 – 7 without lateral ridge. Pereonite 7 without carination. Gnathopod 1 subchelate; coxa anterior margin not produced, not tapering distally; basis longer than carpus; propodus palm acute, defined by serrate robust seta. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; coxa not distally tapering; basis longer than carpus; propodus palm acute, defined by serrate robust seta; dactylus well developed. Pereopod 3 coxa anterodistal lobe produced subacute, posterodistal lobe margin smooth, truncate, greater than half depth of coxa. Pereopod 4 coxa smaller than coxa 3, lobate in shape, with weakly developed posteroventral lobate. Pereopods 5 – 7 basis anterodistal corner produced rounded, posterior margin serrate. Pereopods 5 – 6 basis subovoid, expanded, posterodistal lobe well developed, acute, extending below ischium. Pereopod 7 basis ovate, posterodistal lobe well developed, acute, extending below ischium. Pleon. Pleonites 1 – 3 without lateral ridges. Pleonites 1 – 2 posterodorsal margin smooth. Pleonites 1 – 2 carinate. Pleonite 3 without carination; posterodorsal margin smooth. Epimeron 1 posterior margin smooth, posterodistal corner acute. Epimeron 2 posterior margin smooth, posterodistal corner produced acute. Epimeron 3 posterior margin serrate distally. Uropod 3 length not exceeding uropods 1 – 2; peduncle short (less than 2 x breadth). Telson deeply cleft, longer than uropod 3 peduncle, without setae along the lateral margin, with single pair of slender apical setae. Habitat. Mixed algae and coral rubble, 6 – 27 m depth, nektonic at night.	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098529414FF5BD39EDF7E2E62.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species, Syrrhoe petitaserrata, is most similar to S. semiserrata Stebbing, 1888, described from off Melbourne, in south-eastern Australia. These species have no dorsal serrations on the pereon or pleon and epimeron 3 is distally serrate. This combination of characters separates them from all other Syrrhoe species except S. serrima J. L. Barnard, 1972. Eyes are present in S. petitaserrata sp. nov. and S. semiserrata but are absent in S. serrima. The lobes of the telson in the former two species abut along the cleft inner margin, where in S. serrima the telsonic lobes are divergent. In S. petitaserrata pereopods 5 – 7 are shorter in length in relation to the body compared to those of S. semiserrata. On pereopods 5 – 7 the serrations on the basis posterior margin are more pronounced those of S. petitaserrata. The apical margins of the telson are acute in S. petitaserrata and truncate in S. semiserrata. Syrrhoe petitaserrata s can be further distinguished from S. semiserrata by the fewer number of plumose setae on the maxilla 1 inner plate (5 setae), the smooth mandibular molar, the gnathopod 1 carpus length which is shorter than the basis and posterodistal corners of epimera 2 – 3 which are more acutely produced.	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098529414FF5BD39EDF7E2E62.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia. Queensland: Torres Strait; Lizard Island; One Tree Island (current study).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098519419FF5BD3C5D9222EB5.taxon	description	(Figs 5, 6)	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098519419FF5BD3C5D9222EB5.taxon	materials_examined	Type Locality. Northwest Solitary Island, Solitary Islands, New South Wales, Australia (30 ° 01.116 ’ S 153 ° 18.184 ’ E). Material examined. 1 ‘ A’ male specimen, 3 slides, AM P 77888 (FT 106); 1 ‘ B’ male specimen, 4 slides, AM P 77889 (FT 106); 10 + unsexed specimens, AM P 77890 (FT 106); 3 unsexed specimens, AM P 77935, (FT 106); 4 unsexed specimens, AM P 77931, (JML 7 - 10 - 2); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 77934, (JML 7 - 10 - 3); 1 male specimen, 6.9 mm, 4 slides, AM P 70328 (JML 16 - 10 - 7); 1 female specimen, 4.0 mm, AM P 70327 (JML 16 - 10 - 7); 5 unsexed specimens, AM P 77925 (JML 16 - 10 - 7); 2 unsexed specimens, AM P 77933, (JML 16 - 10 - 9); 9 unsexed specimens, AM P 77932, (JML 20 - 10 - 2); 10 + unsexed specimens, AM P 77926 (LTN 77 - 26); 78 unsexed specimens, AM P 37007 (NL 1 - 77); 6 unsexed specimens, AM P 77928 (QLD 1943); 12 unsexed specimens, AM P 77927 (QLD 1948); 3 unsexed specimens, AM P 77929 (QLD 1964); 1 unsexed specimen, AM P 77930 (QLD 2005).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098519419FF5BD3C5D9222EB5.taxon	description	Description. Based on male, 6.9 mm, AM P 70328. Head. Head protuberant; rostrum short, apically acute; lateral cephalic lobe absent; eyes greater than half length of head; accessory eyes present, with 2 ommatidia (3 in other QLD material). Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 elongate, with a distal tooth; peduncular article 2 elongate; flagellum longer than pereon, more than 13 – articles (broken). Antenna 2 flagellum 30 – articulate. Mandible palp article 2 without setae; article 3 with 2 plumose apical setae; molar greatly enlarged, columnar, triturative, accessory setal row with 5 serrate setae. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 1 plumose seta. Maxilliped foliaceaous. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 weakly subchelate; coxa anterior margin not produced, not tapering distally; basis about as long as carpus; propodus palm acute, without defining robust setae. Gnathopod 2 simple; coxa not distally tapering; basis about as long as carpus; dactylus vestigial, terminal setae short, subequal to length of dactylus. Pereopod 3 coxa anterodistal lobe absent, posterodistal lobe truncate, greater than half depth of coxa, margin smooth; basis width subequal to breadth of ischium. Pereopod 4 coxa smaller than coxa 3, subtriangular, posterior margin with well developed lobe. Pereopods 5 – 7 basis anterodistal corner weakly produced, posterior margin smooth. Pereopods 5 – 6 basis subovoid, expanded, posterodistal lobe well developed, rounded, not extending past ischium. Pereopod 7 basis subrectangular, posterodistal lobe well developed, subacute, extending below ischium. Pereonites 6 – 7 without lateral ridge. Pereonite 7 without carination. Pleon. Pleonites 1 – 3 without lateral ridges, without carination. Pleonites 1 – 3 posterodorsal margin smooth. Epimera 1 – 3 posterior margin smooth, posterodistal corner rounded. Uropod 3 length greatly exceeding length of uropods 1 – 2; peduncle long (at least 2 x breadth). Telson entire, much longer than uropod 3 peduncle, setae lining lateral margins, apical margin trifid, with one pair of slender and one pair of robust setae. Habitat. Soft sediments, 1.5 to 15 m depth, nektonic at night.	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098519419FF5BD3C5D9222EB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Material of Telsosynopia trifidilla from the Great Barrier Reef show little to no variation from original material described from more southerly Australian waters. The individual figured from Lizard Island is a larger body size (6.9 mm) and thus the telson in broader than the smaller (5.5 mm) type material from the Solitary Islands. The broadening of the telson with size has previously been noted for the Synopiidae (Andres 1984; Barnard & Thomas 1989).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
038887F098519419FF5BD3C5D9222EB5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia. Queensland: Lizard Island; One Tree Island (current study). New South Wales: Solitary Islands; Botany Bay (Hughes & Lowry 2006).	en	Hughes, L. E. (2009): Synopiidae *. Zootaxa 2260 (1): 880-891, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.50, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2260.1.50
