taxonID	type	description	language	source
571F87C2AB70FF9EBACFFCAFF65A5E3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Verschelde et al. 2006 and Decraemer & Smol 2006): Head capsule mostly present; if not, body annuli are distinct (and coarse). Amphideal fovea in general not surrounded by body annuli; may be located on a cuticularised plate. Buccal cavity always with distinct teeth. Pharyngeal bulb round to elongated.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB70FF9EBACFFBC7F4A05FDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (from Verschelde et al. 2006): Short cylindrical body with short head capsule and short conical tail. Body annuli with distinct interannular spaces. Lateral alae extending from posterior to the pharynx as far as the tail. Short somatic setae arranged in six longitudinal rows. Two (or three) part head capsule: slender rounded labial region, followed by main part of the head capsule which has an extra-thick inner layer of the cuticle; a sutura can be present between the two (or three) regions of the head capsule. Four cephalic setae located either on the labial region or on the anterior rim of the main part of the head capsule. Unispiral amphids (at least in females in case of sexual dimorphism) located centrally on main region of the head capsule. Short cylindrical pharynx with bipartite terminal bulb. Males of most species have copulatory thorns and postcloacal thorns. Arched spicules; gubernaculums with capitulum.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB70FF98BACFF9A0F3D25885.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 – 4, Table 1)	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB70FF98BACFF9A0F3D25885.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype Adult male, collected by D. Leduc, January 2007, Harwood (upper intertidal), Otago Harbour, southern New Zealand 45 º 49 ’ 16.57 ’’ S, 170 º 40 ’ 11.53 ’’ E. Unvegetated sandy sediment (85 % fine sand, mean grain size = 2.4 phi, sorting coefficient = 0.4 phi) with <1 % mud content near stream (NNCNZ 265). Allotype Adult female, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2575) Paratypes Two males, two females, two J 4 juveniles, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2573 - 4, 2576 - 9); two males, two females, same data as holotype (NIWA 48774).	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB70FF98BACFF9A0F3D25885.taxon	description	Description. Males Short (550 – 665 µm) cylindrical body, golden colour, widest at level of pharyngeal bulb, tapering towards both extremities. Most specimens covered in thick mucus with adhering particles, difficult to remove. Ecto-symbiotic bacteria, 3 – 5 µm long, observed in most specimens, usually attached to neck region, but also in other parts of body (Figure 4 B). Cuticle annulated posterior to head capsule; lateral alae present from posterior to pharyngeal bulb to level of cloaca, extending to tail region in some specimens. Body annuli do not interdigitate at level of lateral alae. Minute, filiform, irregularly spaced spines (not visible under LM) in pharyngeal region, becoming sparser (except on lateral alae) and triangular in shape in main part of body (Fig. 3 A and 3 E). Eight longitudinal rows of somatic setae. Blunt, rounded head, slightly offset in most specimens. Cephalic capsule with very fine groove (sutura) in the cuticle separating lip region from main head region. Main head region usually wider than lip region. Lips often folded inwards (Fig. 1 E), sometimes extended (Fig. 3 B). Six setiform internal labial papillae, six smaller external labial papillae, and four cephalic setae located on labial region of cephalic capsule. Internal labial papillae inconspicuous unless lips extended. Loop-shaped fovea amphidialis and apertura amphidialis situated on main head region. Buccal cavity strongly cuticularised with one large dorsal tooth and two small ventrosublateral teeth. Muscular pharynx, always bent. Large oval bipartite oesophageal bulb with strongly cuticularised lumen. Nerve ring inconspicuous, excretory pore not observed. Reproductive system monorchic with one anterior outstretched testis located on the right or left of intestine. Mature sperm cells globular, 6 – 7 µm diam. Spicules arcuate with large capitulum, gubernaculum with dorsally directed apophyses. Conspicuous pre-cloacal supplements, consisting of 8 – 9 cone-shaped structures with a central projection flanked by two cuticularised pieces (in lateral view). Central portion of pre-cloacal supplements consists of a star-shaped structure with six minute pointed projections (Fig. 3 D). Conspicuous paired gland cells connect with each supplement, gland openings apparently situated between supplements (Fig. 3 D). Tail conical with clear spinneret and three caudal glands. Amorphous material often seen protruding from tail tip. Females Similar to males, but with unispiral apertura amphidialis and loop-shaped fovea amphidialis. Reproductive system with two reflexed genital branches located on right side of intestine. Vulva located approx. two thirds of body length from anterior. Cuticular vagina vera and vagina uterina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Tail with sparse, short somatic setae. Fourth stage juveniles Similar to adults but smaller. Unispiral apertura amphidialis. Lateral alae present.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB70FF98BACFF9A0F3D25885.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and relationships. Pseudochromadora reathae n. sp. is characterised the combination of the following characters: a cephalic capsule separated into lip and main head regions by a fine sutura, sexual dimorphism in the shape of the apertura amphidialis (loop-shaped in males, unispiral in females), presence of spines on the cuticle, no interdigitation of body annuli at level of lateral alae, eight rows of somatic setae, and conspicuous pre-cloacal supplements consisting of central star-shaped projections flanked by two cuticularised pieces. P. reathae n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the presence of eight longitudinal rows of somatice setae (compared to six in the other species) and by the presence of 8 – 9 conspicuous pre-cloacal supplements consisting of star-shaped projections flanked by two cuticularised pieces. P. reathae n. sp. can also be distinguished from most other species (except P. quadripapillata Daday 1899) by the absence of interdigitation of body annuli at level of lateral alae.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB70FF98BACFF9A0F3D25885.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Pseudochromadora reathae n. sp. is named after Reatha Adele Kenny.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB76FF98BACFFC8FF50359DD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (from Boucher 1975): Head capsule divided into main and labial regions by conspicuous sutura. Spiral amphids located in centre of amphidial plates on main region of cephalic capsule. Six internal labial papillae, six external labial papillae / setae and four cephalic setae at level of sutura. Subcephalic setae situated at posterior edge of cephalic capsule.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB76FF94BACFFBA7F61B58AE.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 – 7, Table 1)	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB76FF94BACFFBA7F61B58AE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype Adult male, collected in December 2003 from the Firth of Thames, northern New Zealand 37 º 3 ’ S, 175 º 24 ’ E. Muddy sediment (75 % mud) at 5 m water depth (NNCNZ 266). Allotype Adult female, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2582). Paratypes Two males, two females, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2580 - 1, 2583 - 4); two males, two females, same data as holotype (NIWA 48775).	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB76FF94BACFFBA7F61B58AE.taxon	description	Description. Males Body stout (a = 17 – 19), orange-brown, cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle thick with coarse annuli, no lateral differentiation. Eight longitudinal rows of short, sparse somatic setae. The anterior and / or posterior body regions of several specimens constricted by thin rings (Fig. 7 C and 7 E). Cephalic capsule rounded, smooth, with lip region separated from main region by conspicuous groove (sutura) in the cuticle. Lip region collapsed in some specimens (Fig. 7 A). Six setiform internal labial papillae and six setiform external labial papillae; four cephalic setae at level of sutura. Internal labial papillae inconspicuous when lip region is collapsed. Spiral fovea amphidialis, 1.25 turns, with central spot; large unispiral apertura amphidialis located on main head region, in centre of amphidial plate. Amphidial plate small, only slightly larger than amphid, consists of thickened cuticle giving distinct three-dimensional aspect to amphid (Figure 5 B and 7 B). Buccal cavity strongly cuticularised with one large dorsal tooth and two small ventrosublateral teeth. Vestibulum with 12 cheilorhabdia (Fig. 7 B). Ducts extending from head sensillae towards nerve ring clearly visible, dark orange in colour. Pharynx cylindrical with elongated tripartite bulb. Nerve ring inconspicuous, excretory pore not observed. Cardia short. Reproductive system monorchic with one anterior outstretched testis located on the right of intestine. Mature sperm globular, 12 – 18 µm in diameter. Ejaculatory duct 276 – 316 µm long, situated ventrally to intestine. Spicules arcuate with small capitulum, Small gubernaculum which proximally surrounds the tip of the spicules. Pre-cloacal ventral ala (Fig. 6 D); one pre-cloacal seta. Tail conical with clear spinneret; caudal glands not observed. Females: Similar to males, but slightly wider body and smaller amphids. Reproductive system with two opposed and reflexed genital branches located either both on the right or both on the left of intestine. Vulva located slightly post median. Cuticular vagina vera and vagina uterina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Tail with few, short somatic setae.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB76FF94BACFFBA7F61B58AE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and relationships. Pseudodesmodora lacrima n. sp. is characterised by a stout body, cephalic capsule with conspicuous sutura between lip region and main region, large unispiral apertura amphidialis on amphidial plate, and presence of conspicuous ducts in the head region. Description of the only other species of the genus, P. amphidiscata Boucher 1975, only included female specimens. Female specimens of P. lacrima n. sp. ressembles P. ampidiscata in body length and amphid structure, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the presence of conspicuous ducts in the head region, lower a value (16 vs 33), greater maximum body width (66 vs 33 µm), shorter external labial sensillae (1 – 2 vs 5 µm), shorter cephalic setae (4 vs 8 µm), and longer tail (4 vs 3 cbd).	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
571F87C2AB76FF94BACFFBA7F61B58AE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the conspicuous ducts in the head region which resemble streaming tears.	en	Leduc, D., Wharton, D. A. (2010): New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand. Zootaxa 2611 (1): 45-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2611.1.4
