identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D887CC007C6224FEFBA3847770FE30.text	03D887CC007C6224FEFBA3847770FE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutomostethus ephippium (Panzer 1798)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eutomostethus ephippium (Panzer, 1798)</p>
            <p>(Figs 1, 6)</p>
            <p> Material examined.   CZECH REPUBLIC: BOHEMIA CENTR.: Pravonín env., ýástrovice (6355), 27.vii.2010, larvae on  Poa sp .;  J. Macek lgt. &amp; det. (NMPC) . </p>
            <p>Description of the last instar larva. Body length 9–10 mm. Head amber yellow with nebulose blackish stripe alongside coronal suture, head surface granulose, in upper half with scattered tiny setae, and a row of longer setae alongside the epistomal suture; clypeus with six setae; labrum symmetrical, deeply emarginated, with eight setae; mandibles with one seta, palpifer with three setae, maxillar palpus with one seta, stipes with one seta; body slender, slightly tapered caudally; upper parts of body grey-yellowish, lower parts whitish with dark, nebulous, dorsal and supraspiracular longitudinal stripes and intermittent black spot above each spiracle; cuticle ¿nely granulose; trochanter as long as femur, with scattered long hair-like setae, third abdominal segment with six annulets; second and fourth annulets, subspiracular and surpedal lobes, and anal segment with several tiny cylindrical setae; all conical setae (= glandubae) missing.</p>
            <p> Notes on identification. The larvae of  Eutomostethus ephippium differ from those of other  Eutomostethus species in black spots above the spiracles and in the absence of glandubae on the annulets. </p>
            <p> Bionomics. Habitat: mesophile and humid meadows, pastures, humid grasslands, alluvial meadows, grassy forest margins; probably polyvoltine; flight period May to September, larval period May to October; host plants:  Poa spp. and other soft grasses (CONDE 1934; this paper). Discussion. The development with the description of larvae is given by CONDE (1934) and some additional characters are given by LORENZ &amp; KRAUS (1957). The redescription is provided here for completeness, to facilitate its comparison with those of the larvae of the other  Eutomostethus species. Compared to their congenerics, the larvae of  E. ephippium are unique in the absence of glandubae on the annulets, and in their association with soft grasses (  Poaceae ). In contrast, larvae of  E. luteiventris ,  E. gagathinus and  E. punctatus possess glandubae and they are associated with rushes (  Juncus ) and sedges (  Carex ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887CC007C6224FEFBA3847770FE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Macek, Jan	Macek, Jan (2014): Descriptions of larvae of the Central European Eutomostethus species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 685-692, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5300049
03D887CC00796224FE2CA2477637F99F.text	03D887CC00796224FE2CA2477637F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutomostethus luteiventris (Klug 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eutomostethus luteiventris (Klug, 1816)</p>
            <p>(Figs 2, 8)</p>
            <p> Material examined. CZECH REPUBLIC: BOHEMIA BOR.: Louny distr., Brodec (5748), 4.viii.2012, larvae on  Juncus effusus . BOHEMIA CENTR.: KĜivoklátsko PLA, Prameny Klíþavy NR (5848), 12.vii.2010, larvae on  Juncus effusus . All J. Macek lgt. &amp; det. (NMPC). </p>
            <p>Redescription of the last instar larva. Body length 12–14 mm. Head amber yellow with blackish strip alongside coronal suture, head surface granulose, in upper half with scattered tiny setae and a row of longer setae alongside epistomal suture; clypeus with six setae, labrum symmetrical, deeply emarginated anteriorly with eight setae, mandibles with one seta, palpifer with three setae, maxillar palpus with one seta, stipes with one seta; body slender, slightly tapered caudally; body in upper part grey-yellowish, in lower part paler with dark dorsal and subspiracular longitudinal stripes; pale spiracles placed in whitish line bordering the dark supraspiracular strip; cuticle ¿nely granulose; trochanter as long as femur, with scattered long hair-like setae, third abdominal segment with six annulets; second and fourth annulets, subspiracular and surpedal lobes, and anal segment with several very tiny, and inconspicuous, blunt setae, fourth annulet with two or four conical glandubae, ¿rst and second postspiracular lobes with one glanduba each; anal segment with six glandubae alongside posterior margin; suranal lobe with a row of tough setae on posterior margin.</p>
            <p> Notes on identification. Compared to the similar larvae of  E. punctatus and  E. gagathinus , those of  E. luteiventris differ in the surface sculpture of the anal segment (see Fig. 2a). </p>
            <p> Bionomics. Habitat: humid meadows, marshes, fens, shore vegetation alongside pools, brooks and rivers from planar to montane zone; univoltine, occasionally bivoltine (WEIFFENBACH 1985), flight period mid May to the end of June (occasionally also from July to August); larval period from July to August. Host plants:  Juncus effusus ,  J. conglomeratus (LISTON 1997, PSCHORN- WALCHER &amp; ALTENHOFER 2000). I swept larvae on  Juncus effusus beside the shore of the pool on the forest path near Louny, and in Prameny Klíþavy NR in August (see Material examined). The female oviposits into young sterile shoots of the food plant. The larva starts mining upwards in the pulp, until the last larval instar, then feeds externally on young shoots of the host plant. The infested stems turn yellow and become very fragile. The larva hibernates at prepupal stage in the soil, in an earthen cell (CONDE 1934, KONTUNIEMI 1960). </p>
            <p> Discussion. The larval development with the description of larvae is given by CONDE (1934), and additional characters by LORENZ &amp; KRAUS (1957). The purpose of the present redescription provided here is completeness, so it could be easy compared with the descriptions of the larvae of the other  Eutomostethus species.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887CC00796224FE2CA2477637F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Macek, Jan	Macek, Jan (2014): Descriptions of larvae of the Central European Eutomostethus species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 685-692, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5300049
03D887CC00786225FEF6A0877671FB42.text	03D887CC00786225FEF6A0877671FB42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutomostethus punctatus (Konow 1887)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eutomostethus punctatus (Konow, 1887)</p>
            <p>(Figs 3, 7)</p>
            <p> Material examined.   CZECH REPUBLIC: BOHEMIA CENTR.: KĜivoklátsko PLA, Prameny Klíþavy NR (5848), 14.viii.2011, larvae on  Carex brizoides ;  J. Macek lgt. &amp; det. (NMPC) . </p>
            <p>Description of the last instar larva. Body length 12–13 mm. Head amber yellow, head surface granulose, in upper half with scattered tiny setae, and a row of longer setae alongside epistomal suture; clypeus with six setae, labrum symmetrical, deeply emarginated with eight setae, mandibles with one seta, palpifer with three setae, maxillar palpus with one seta, stipes with one seta; upper parts of body grey-yellowish, lower parts whitish, dark nebulous dorsal longitudinal stripes and lower white margined supraspiracular stripes; cuticle granulose; prothoracic suprapleural lobe protuberant, ¿rst prothoracic annulet with two glandubae; third abdominal segment with six annulets; second and fourth annulets with scattered tiny cylindrical setae; fourth annulet with two or four glandubae, ¿rst and second postspiracular lobe with one glanduba each, subspiracular and suprapedal lobes with one glanduba and numerous tiny blackish cylindrical setae; fourth annulet of the ninth abdominal segment with six glandubae, anal segment with two prominent glandubae in middle, suranal lobe with four glandubae; suranal and subanal lobes densely pubescent.</p>
            <p> Notes on identification.  Eutomostethus punctatus differs from the similar species  E. gagathinus and  E. luteiventris in the surface sculpture of the anal segment (see Fig. 3a). </p>
            <p> Bionomics. Habitat: mesophile and humid deciduous and coniferous forests, alder carrs with stands of sedges; univoltine; flight period May to June, occasionally July to August, larval period July to September; host plants:  Carex sp. (VERZHUTSKI 1981),  C. paniculata (LISTON 1995) ,  C. brizoides (new record). Mature larvae build for hibernation a fragile parchment cocoon covered with soil particles, in which they also pupate. </p>
            <p> Discussion. VERZHUTSKI (1981) and LISTON (1995) mention food plants but without details about the source of these statements. I swept several females on  C. brizoides in the bog spruce forest of Prameny Klíþavy National Reserve, KĜivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic in June. On the second visit in August I swept in the same place the larvae feeding on  C. brizoides . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887CC00786225FEF6A0877671FB42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Macek, Jan	Macek, Jan (2014): Descriptions of larvae of the Central European Eutomostethus species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 685-692, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5300049
03D887CC00786226FEF2A4F577DFFCF0.text	03D887CC00786226FEF2A4F577DFFCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutomostethus gagathinus (Klug 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eutomostethus gagathinus (Klug, 1816)</p>
            <p>(Figs 4, 5)</p>
            <p> Material examined.   CZECH REPUBLIC: BOHEMIA BOR.:  Krušné hory Mts., PĜebuz (5641), 12.viii.2011, larvae on  Carex hirta ;  J. Macek lgt. &amp; det. (NMPC) . </p>
            <p>Description of the last instar larva. Body length 12–13 mm. Head amber yellow, granulose with small dark spot in middle of occiput on coronar suture; head in upper half with scattered tiny setae and a row of longer setae alongside epistomal suture; clypeus with six setae, labrum symmetrical, deeply emarginated with eight setae, mandibles with one seta, palpifer with three setae, maxillar palpus with one seta, stipes with one seta; body in upper part grey-yellowish, in lower part paler; dark dorsal longitudinal and underneath white margined supraspiracular strips; cuticle granulose; prothoracal suprapleural lobe protuberant; ¿rst prothoracal annulet with four glandubae; third abdominal segment with six annulets; second and fourth annulets with scattered tiny cylidrical setae; fourth annulet with four glandubae, ¿rst and second postspiracular lobes with one glanduba each, subspiracular and suprapedal lobes with one glanduba and numerouse tiny blackish cylindrical setae; fourth annulet of the ninth abdominal segment with six glandubae, anal segment with numerous scattered glandubae over major part of segment, suranal lobe with four glandubae, posterior margin of suranal and anal lobes densely pubescent.</p>
            <p> Notes on identification.  Eutomostethus gagathinus differs from the similar larvae of  E. punctatus and  E. luteiventris in the surface sculpture of the anal segment (see Fig. 4a). </p>
            <p> Bionomics. Habitat: mesophile and humid meadows, marshes, open grasslands and wetlands from planar to montane zone; univoltine; flight period May to August; larval period July to September; host plants:  Juncus sp. (LACOURT 1999),  Carex paniculata (LISTON 2011) ,  C. hirta (new record). Mature larvae build for hibernation a fragile parchment cocoon covered with soil particles, in which they also pupate in the next spring. </p>
            <p> Discussion. LACOURT’ s (1999) mention of  Juncus as a food plant is questionable since his information source is not given. LISTON (2011) assumes  C. paniculata to be probable larval food plant, due to having observed abundant specimens flying around the stands of this plant. I swept some adults on a humid meadow with abundant stands of  C. hirta near the village PĜebuz in Krušné hory Mountains, North Bohemia, Czech Republic. On a subsequent visit to the same place in August I swept several  Eutomostethus larvae from  Carex hirta which were successfully reared in captivity to adult stage and belong to  E. gagathinus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887CC00786226FEF2A4F577DFFCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Macek, Jan	Macek, Jan (2014): Descriptions of larvae of the Central European Eutomostethus species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2): 685-692, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5300049
