taxonID	type	description	language	source
1C4487FD34147C3EFEC063A7FC2C03D1.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis As indicated above, the diagnosis of this genus by Borgmeier (1963) is too broad and the amendments by Brown (1997) are of limited application by being knowingly geographically circumscribed. I suggest that the genus be restricted by excluding those whose males either lack notopleural glands or they have the orifice of their ducts concealed in a cleft; and by adding that both sexes retain the median furrow on the frons; the postpedicels are subglobose in both sexes and possess several SPS vesicles; labella have few spinules on their lower faces; palps with numerous medium sized bristles; abdominal tergites not extending full width of abdomen; the females lack Dufour’s crop mechanism; hairs below basal half of hind femur not differentiated from adjacent hairs of anterior face; hind tibia without or with only a single, dorsal, hair palisade; wing with vein 3 forked; vein Sc is well developed and its tip fuses with vein 1 (R 1); the thin veins are brown; the costal cilia usually exceed 0.1 mm in length; costal index usually more than 0.5; membrane with dense microsetae, which are sometimes reduced in size; and axillary ridge with several bristles. This more restricted diagnosis is nearer that of Lundbeck (1922), but for allowing for a single hair palisade on the hind tibia and adding the notopleural gland character. Apart from the type species, this more restricted diagnosis means the genus retains B. burmicola (see below), B. luteola, B. neotropica, B. setifrons and probably other species that I have not examined. However, it excludes B. aequatoriana Borgmeier & Prado, B. dominicana Borgmeier, B. fuscohalterata Enderlein *, B. nudipleura Borgmeier, B. orpnephiloides Malloch *, B. pilipleura Borgmeier, B. polysticha (Schmitz) and B. sinefurca Borgmeier *. Of these excluded species I have only examined specimens of those species marked with an asterisk. These I assign to new genera below. The rest I decline to allocate to other genera until slide mounted specimens have been examined.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341B7C3CFEC0637FFB450009.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 8)	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341B7C3CFEC0637FFB450009.taxon	materials_examined	Material Numerous males and females from the British Isles. Widely distributed in Europe.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34187C3AFEC0606FFE4E03C9.taxon	description	(Figs 9 – 10)	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34187C3AFEC0606FFE4E03C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material Male, INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Saichu Tua Nalla Sanctuary, 32 o 50 ’ N, 77 o 00 ’ E, 9000 ’ alt., 20 – 23 September 1986, A. Hutchings & R. S. George (CUMZ — 3 ­ 146). Also known from Burma.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341F7C3BFEC06360FD870031.taxon	discussion	The type species, Brownphora sinefurca, of this newly designated genus clearly differs from Beckerina. However, it is evidently closely related. Its principal autapomorphies include the male with notopleural gland orifice exposed to view but partly shielded by upper edge of rim; male, as well as female, a pair of dorsal abdominal glands that discharge between T 5 and T 6; female with front basitarsus inflated; and vein 3 unforked.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341F7C3BFEC06360FD870031.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Frons broader than high, with 2 SA bristles and 4 ­ 4 ­ 4 bristles; median furrow represented by a vestige between the SA bristles only; postpedicel of male elongated and tapered apically, with a dorsal pre­apical arista, and no SPS vesicles (but the surface has pale shallow pits that may resemble SPS vesicles but are not obscured by the microsetae of the integument that overlie true SPS vesicles); labella with few spinules on lower faces; palps with several medium length bristles; mesopleuron bare and with a mid­mesopleural ridge; notopleuron with three bristles; male with notopleural gland orifice exposed to view but partly shielded by upper edge of rim; scutellum with four bristles, the posterior pair being a little shorter than the anterior pair; abdominal tergites extending full width of abdomen and in the female their dorsolateral regions with microsetae enlarged and more scale like; male, as well as female, with pair of dorsal abdominal glands that discharge between T 5 and T 6; male hypopygium with a short anal tube; short, but broad, subequal posteroventral lobes to epandrium; abbreviated posterior lobes of hypandrium; female lacks Dufour’s crop mechanism; hairs below basal half of hind femur not differentiated from adjacent hairs of anterior face; all tibiae lack isolated bristles in upper three quarters; hind tibia with a single dorsal hair palisade but no clearly differentiated rows of near­dorsal hairs and spinules of apical combs all simple; female front basitarsus inflated; wing with costal index about 0.5; costal cilia shortish (<0.1 mm); vein 3 unforked; thin veins very pale; and microsetae of membrane greatly reduced in size and density; axillary ridge typically with three bristles. Affinities In the keys to world genera (Disney, 1994) the male (subsequently described by Brown, 1997) runs to couplet 117 lead 1, to Woodiphora (part), as some Woodiphora species have also lost the fork of vein 3, but the males of Woodiphora have the notopleural gland orifice in a cleft. Brown (1997) mistakenly stated that the male runs to couplet 33. He evidently misread couplet 14 lead 1, which requires the postpedicel (third antennal segment) to be not only with a tapered extension but the arista to be apical. In Brownphora the arista is clearly dorsal and pre­apical in position. The female runs to couplet 181 lead 1, to Beckerina (part), this part being this species. The lack of SPS vesicles in the postpedicels, loss of the median furrow on the frons and the undifferentiated hairs below the hind femur should further distinguish this genus from Woodiphora. Otherwise both sexes are distinguished in the keys below.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341E7C38FEC063DFFBD403C9.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341E7C38FEC063DFFBD403C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material 4 males, 1 female COSTA RICA: San José, Zurquf de Moravia, 10.05 o N, 84.02 o W, 1600 m, Jan. 1996, Malaise trap, P. Hanson (LACM ENT 104950, 105710, 120038, 120843, 120846 — Disney 26 – 71). Originally described from Costa Rica.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341D7C39FEC06360FBB00169.taxon	discussion	Beckerina fuscohalterata (Enderlein) clearly differs from Beckerina. Indeed, superficially at least, it more closely resembles Plectanocnema Schmitz (see below), but it has a hairy mesopleuron and lacks notopleural glands. This species is therefore assigned to a new genus, as its type species, along with a new species, but which differs in having a bare mesopleuron. However, an unusual feature of the males of both these species is the possession of dorsal abdominal glands, which in all other Gymnophorini are restricted to females except in Brownphora (see above). In this case it serves to indicate that having hairs on the mesopleuron is unlikely to be of generic significance. B. nudipleura, B. pilipleura, and B. polysticha probably belong to this genus also.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341D7C39FEC06360FBB00169.taxon	description	The principal autapomorphies of this genus include male, as well as female, with pair of dorsal abdominal glands that discharge between T 5 and T 6; and possession of more than one hair palisade on the mid and hind tibiae. Diagnosis Frons with normal (Megaselia type) chaetotaxy, except with only one pair of SA bristles; no median furrow; postpedicels subglobose, lacking SPS vesicles (but with shallow pits as in Brownphora) and with a dorsal arista in both sexes; labella with few spinules below; palps with 7 – 10 medium to long bristles; mesopleuron with a mid­mesopleural ridge and either bare or with a patch of small hairs adjacent to the notopleuron; the latter with three bristles but no notopleural glands in male; scutellum with four strong bristles; abdominal tergites extending full width of abdomen and their dorsolateral regions with microsetae enlarged and more scale like; male, as well as female, with pair of dorsal abdominal glands that discharge between T 5 and T 6; male anal tube short; epandrium with hairs on distal half and an enlarged right posterolateral lobe; hypandrium with abbreviated posterior lobes; females lack Dufour’s crop mechanism; hairs below basal half of hind femur not differentiated from adjacent hairs of anterior face; all tibiae lack isolated bristles in upper three quarters; both the mid and hind tibiae have extra hair palisades on their anterior faces, in addition to the dorsal one; some extra palisades also occur on the posterior faces of at least one pair of these tibiae; furthermore there is a sexual dimorphism in the numbers and dispositions of these extra palisades; hind tibia with no clearly differentiated rows of near­dorsal hairs and spinules of apical combs all simple; costal index about 0.5 or more; costal cilia medium to long (> 0.12 mm); vein 3 forked and without a hair at base; Sc strong and its tip fusing with vein 1; several bristles on axillary ridge; and membrane with microsetae reduced in size and a little less dense than in Beckerina. Affinities In the keys to world genera (Disney, 1994) the males with a hairy mesopleuron run to couplet 108, but are immediately distinguished by the multiple hair palisades on the hind tibia and by the possession of dorsal abdominal glands in this sex. Males with a bare mesopleuron run to couplet 139, but are excluded by their lack of notopleural glands. Females with a hairy mesopleuron run to couplet 246 lead 2, to Megaselia (part), but are immediately distinguished by the extra hair palisades on the hind tibia and the lack of a median furrow on the frons. Females with a bare mesopleuron run to couplet 195 lead 1, to Plectanocnema, from which they are immediately distinguished by the lack of the median furrow. Otherwise both sexes are distinguished in the keys below.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341C7C26FEC06202FD5303A1.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 15 – 16)	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD341C7C26FEC06202FD5303A1.taxon	materials_examined	Material 1 male, COSTA RICA: San José, Zurquf de Moravia, 10.05 o N, 84.02 o W, February 1991, Malaise trap, P. Hanson (LACM ENT 159071 — Disney 26 – 76); 1 female, same locality, 1600 m, 7 – 9 March 1995, Malaise trap, I. Borhorquez (LACM ENT 013463 — Disney 26 – 76). Also known from Brazil.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34037C24FEC0634FFB5E00D9.taxon	description	(Figs 13, 17 – 18) Brown (1997) referred to the holotype in his note (4) on an undescribed species, pointing out that it ran to couplet 139 in the key to world genera (Disney, 1994) but its lack of notopleural glands excluded it from both leads. It is described below. Male Frons broader than long, orange yellow, with brown embracing the ocelli. Antials about midway between anterolateral and supra­antennal bristles, but lower on frons than ALs. Bristles of middle row in an almost straight transverse row but pre­ocellars slightly further apart than either is from a mediolateral. Postpedicels light brown. Arista with two basal segments each just over twice as long as broad and they and the swollen base of segment three subequal in length, but latter distinctly narrower. Hairs of third segment about as long as breadth of segment 2. Palps dusky straw yellow, with up to a dozen short bristles and at least as many hairs. Thorax essentially orange. Each side of scutum with a humeral, three notopleurals, an intra­alar, a postalar and a prescutellar dorsocentral bristle. Propleuron with two small dorsal bristles, with one large and one small ventral bristle and up to a dozen hairs in between. Anterior spiracle longer than high. Mesopleuron bare. Scutellum with four bristles, but anterior (outer) pair are longer and stronger than posterior pair. Abdominal tergites extend full breadths of segments, light brown with darker hind margins and darker dorsolateral regions (due to the microsetae of these regions being larger and more scale like). Venter pale straw yellow lightly tinged grey and with small hairs below segments 3 – 6. Hypopygium orange brown, structure as Figs 17 and 18. Legs straw yellow apart from brown tip to hind femur. Hind tibia with three palisades, a dorsal, a wavy anterodorsal in distal half and an anterior. [Middle legs missing in holotype. As there is a sexual dimorphism in the palisades of the mid tibiae of E. fuscohalterata (see above) it cannot be assumed the male’s mid tibia is the same as that of the female.]. All five fore­tarsal segments with a posterodorsal hair palisade; segments 1 – 4 with rows of modified, short and pale, hairs below; and segments 1 – 3 somewhat stout. Wing 2.2 – 2.3 mm long. Costal index 0.48. Costal ratios 3.8: 2.3: 1. Costal cilia 0.12 – 0.13 mm long. Fork of vein 3 large and vein 4 originates well before fork. Veins brown, the costa being palest and 4 – 6 darkest. Membrane brownish grey with minute microsetae. Haltere brown. Female Frons similar to male, but MLs slightly higher on frons than PO bristles. Palps with fewer bristles (8 – 10) and hairs. Thorax similar to male. Abdominal segments 1 – 6 very similar to male. Furca as Fig. 13. Terminalia and straw yellow cerci densely pubescent; the latter at least 3 x as long as broad and with more than a dozen hairs, of which the most basal is longest. Hind tibia with three hair palisades: one dorsal but becoming progressively anterodorsal distally, one posterodorsal, and between these two a wavy and partly interrupted palisade in distal two thirds. Mid tibia with a dorsal hair palisade with two branches onto anterior face, the first originating at a point about 0.4 x length and the second about 0.7 x length; and an anterior palisade that ends at about the same level. Front tarsus more slender than that of male and with only a few modified hairs below segments 1 – 4. Wing 2.4 mm long. Costal index 0.44 – 0.45. Costal ratios 3.8: 2.3: 1. Costal cilia 0.13 mm long. Three axillary bristles present. Otherwise wing and haltere as male. Material Holotype male, COSTA RICA: San José, Zurquf de Moravia, 10.05 o N, 84.02 o W, 1600 m, March 1989, Malaise trap, P. Hanson (LACM ENT 034888 — Disney 26 – 76). Paratype female, as holotype except 1 – 15 June 1993 (LACM ENT 053047 — Disney 26 – 77).	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34017C25FEC06270FB7A03AA.taxon	discussion	Beckerina orphnephiloides clearly differs from the above species of Beckerina and I reject Malloch’s (1912) assignment of this species to the same genus. I herewith transfer it to a new genus and designate it the type species. However, it is essentially characterised by its lack of the proposed autapomorphies attributed to the other genera. When its female becomes know this situation may be rectified.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34017C25FEC06270FB7A03AA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Only male known) Frons clearly broader than long, with 4 – 6 SA bristles and 4 ­ 4 ­ 4 bristles; median furrow vestigial or absent; postpedicel subglobose, with dorsal shorthaired arista and no SPS vesicles; palps with numerous, relatively short, bristles; labella densely spinose below; thorax with bare mesopleuron; two bristles and no gland orifice on notopleuron; four subequal bristles on scutellum; abdominal tergites not extending full width of abdomen; epandrium with right posteroventral lobe extended ventrally; hypandrium with a well developed left lobe; anal tube short with many fine hairs on cerci; hairs below basal half of hind femur not differentiated from adjacent hairs of anterior face; all tibiae lack isolated bristles in upper three quarters; no dorsal hair palisades on mid and hind tibiae, but latter with some differentiated, spaced, hairs on dorsal face of lower half but no clearly differentiated rows of near­dorsal hairs, and the spinules of its apical comb are bifid; costa long (costal index> 0.6) and thickened in distal two thirds; 1 – 2 small fine hairs on base of vein 3; Sc strong and ending in R 1; thin veins (veins 4 – 7) brown; numerous axillary bristles; costal cilia short (at most 0.1 mm long); membrane with well developed, dense, microsetae. Affinities In the most recent key to world genera (Disney, 1994) the males run to couplet 186, to Beckerina (part) and Woodiphora (part), but is immediately excluded by its lack of notopleural glands. The lack of SPS vesicles in the postpedicels, loss of the median furrow on the frons and the undifferentiated hairs below the hind femur should further distinguish this genus from Woodiphora. Otherwise it is distinguished in the key below. The discovery of the female will be of interest, the loss of a fully developed median furrow on the frons and lack of SPS vesicles in the postpedicels should distinguish it from Beckerina.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34007C22FEC06347FEE103C9.taxon	description	(Figs 19 – 20)	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34007C22FEC06347FEE103C9.taxon	description	1 male, U. S. A.: Tennessee, Sevier Co., Twin Creeks, 83 o 29.94 ’ W, 35 o 41.10 ’ N, Malaise trap, 3 – 31 January 2000, W. Reeves (CUMZ — 14 – 52). Originally described from U. S. A.	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
1C4487FD34077C22FEC06512FD190419.taxon	description	(Figs 21 – 23)	en	Disney, R. Henry L. (2004): Genera resembling Beckerina Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 518 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.518.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.518.1.1
