identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2027BFB559105A2A8CC04C2C352924BA.text	2027BFB559105A2A8CC04C2C352924BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura bergmanni (Dahlbom 1835)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura bergmanni (Dahlbom, 1835)</p>
            <p>Figs 5M, N, R, 6A, 10F, J, 11A, 13, 22</p>
            <p> Nematus bergmanni Dahlbom, 1835: 24-25. Type locality: Sweden, Lund area. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus virescens Hartig, 1837: 217. Type locality: not stated, but presumably Germany according to the title of  Hartig’s publication. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus pallicarpus Hartig, 1837: 215-216. Type locality: "in hiesiger Gegend" [Germany, Berlin area]. LT designated by Haris (1997). </p>
            <p> Nematus validicornis Förster , 1854a: 341-342. Type locality: Germany, Aachen area. LT designated below. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Nematus curtispina Thomson, 1871: 152-153. Type locality: "Probably as widespread as the previous species" [translated from Swedish], which presumably refers to  N. brevivalvis : "Probably occurs throughout Scandinavia" [translated from Swedish]. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus varipictus Holmgren, 1883: 147, Plate 2, Fig. 12. Type locality: Matotschkin Scharr [Russia, Novaya Zemlya, Matochkin Strait]. 2 ST females were in NHRS (Lindqvist 1944), but could not recently be found. Synonymy with  Pteronidea curtispina by Lindqvist (1944). </p>
            <p> Nematus anthophilus Zaddach, 1884 [in Brischke 1884]: 163-164. Type locality: not stated. Type material probably destroyed (Blank and Taeger 1998). Synonymy with  Pteronus curtispinis (Thomson) by Konow (1903b). </p>
            <p> Amauronematus longicornis Konow, 1897: 179. Type locality: Russia, Irkutsk. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Lygaeonematus pallens Enslin, 1916: 500-501. Type locality: Germany, Dessau. LT designated by Taeger and Blank (1998). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea curtispina var. luctuosa Enslin, 1916: 455. Type locality: Germany, Bavaria,  Fürth . LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea vernalis Lindqvist, 1937: 130-132. Type locality: southern Finland (HT). Not found in MZH. Synonymised with  Pteronidea curtispina by Lindqvist (1941). </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Females are most similar to  Euura oligospila group,  E. respondens , and  E. sylvestris . Head more rectangular in dorsal view compared to  Euura oligospila group and  E. respondens . Lancet usually broader and basal annular sutures usually less bent compared to  E. sylvestris and  E. respondens . Gap (cypsella) between serrulae small compared to  Euura oligospila group. Males distinguishable from other species by distinct penis valves (see key). Length of postocellar area in  E. bergmanni is not a reliable character to distinguish it at least from  E. sylvestris . Females of overwintering generation are dorsally largely black, the later generations largely or nearly completely pale (pterostigma is always pale). Males of overwintering generation are largely black (except legs and abdomen ventrally to various degrees), including pterostigma; the later generations are ventrally largely or nearly completely pale (including pterostigma) but dorsally mostly black. At least in females there tend to be distinct differences between the generations also in the length of malar space and perhaps postocellar area. In overwintering generations, the malar space tends to be distinctly shorter (Fig. 5M) than in later generations (Fig. 5N). </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 13 specimens, maximum within species distance is 3.65% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 7.1%, is the  Euura viridis subgroup. Only one BIN: BOLD:AAG3539. </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 5 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.19% (0.23% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 3.5%, is  Euura viridis . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts: a wide variety of  Salix species, including  Salix alba ,  Salix fragilis (Weiffenbach 1985), aurita,  Salix viminalis (  Boevé 1990),  Salix caprea ,  Salix pentandra ,  Salix phylicifolia (Kangas 1985), and  Salix purpurea (Benander 1966). Lindqvist (1956) recorded up to four generations per year in Finland. Lindqvist (1941) stated that adults from the overwintering generation were very much darker than the next generation, and that adults of the 3rd and 4th generations were paler still. The characteristic continuous double dorsal line of the larva makes their identification usually straightforward. This double line is usually white in early generation larvae, but pink or even red in later generations. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic (Taeger et al. 2006; Sundukov 2017), possibly also Nearctic (one barcoded larva in BOLD, CHU06-COL-364). Specimens studied are from Finland, Germany, Russia (Irkutsk Oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus bergmanni Dahlbom, 1835. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, MZLU2017334, MZLU. Dahlbom cited a publication by Bergman (1763), in which adults were mentioned, which Dahlbom considered to belong to this species. There is no trace of Torbern Bergman material in the UUZM collection (Hans Mejlon, personal communication: March 11, 2019). Following this citation, Dahlbom described a larva, evidently from his original observations: "Larva prasina linea dorsali lata livida vel purpurascente et utrinque fusco-marginata" [Larva leek green with broad blue or purplish band and dark-bordered at both sides], with the additional information [translated from Latin] "Frequently observed on willows around Lund in Scania from 26 August to 2 October". Although a label on the lectotype bears the date "14 Aug.", this might refer to the date of emergence of an adult reared from a larva, and therefore does not necessarily contradict  Dahlbom’s statement. </p>
            <p> Nematus virescens Hartig, 1837. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3456, ZSM. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling, together with 2  “Paratypen” . This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Nematus pallicarpus Hartig, 1837. LT,  “Cotype” , "  Nematus pallicarpus Htg. Th. Hartig det.", "  Pteronidea curtispina Th. E.  Clément det.", DEI-GISHym84734, ZSM. 6 female paralectotypes with similar labels to LT. Three males with similar labels cannot be syntypes: Hartig described only the female sex. </p>
            <p> Nematus validicornis Förster , 1854. Lectotype, here designated, ♂, GBIF-GISHym3451, ZSM. </p>
            <p> Nematus curtispina Thomson, 1871. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, MZLU2017334, MZLU [the same specimen as the LT of  Euura bergmanni Dahlbom]. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Amauronematus longicornis Konow, 1897. Lectotype, here designated, ♂, GBIF-GISHym3849, SDEI. Penis valve mounted on a separate slide (  Symphyta Coll. Nr. 233). The lectotype designation indicated by a label by Zinovjev is unpublished. Lindqvist (1972: 71) studied this male and called it  “♂-Typus” ; but since he also mentioned a  “♀-Typus” , which could not be found at the SDEI, his action is not a lectotype designation. </p>
            <p> Lygaeonematus pallens Enslin, 1916. LT, ♀, DEI-GISHym84733, ZSM. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea curtispina var. luctuosa Enslin, 1916. Lectotype, here designated, ♂, GBIF-GISHym3339, ZSM. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2027BFB559105A2A8CC04C2C352924BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
6A9F557DD7695676B92238A7D6E6E4E6.text	6A9F557DD7695676B92238A7D6E6E4E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura brevivalvis (Thomson 1871)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura brevivalvis (Thomson, 1871)</p>
            <p>Figs 5F, J, K, 8D, 10E, I, 11D, E, 14, 23</p>
            <p> Nematus brevivalvis Thomson, 1871: 151-152. Type locality: Sweden, Dalarna alpina. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Pteronus kriegeri Konow, 1903a: 310 (key). Type locality: Germany, Saxony, Dorneichenbach..LT designated by Koch (2000). </p>
            <p> Amauronematus spurcus Konow, 1904: 261. Type locality: northern Russia. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea absimilis Lindqvist, 1949: 79-80. Type locality: Finland, Pihtipudas (HT). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea woollatti Lindqvist, 1971: 11-12. Type locality: Finland,  Kilpisjärvi (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Nematus turgaiensis Safjanov, 1977: 98-103. Type locality: Russia, southern Kulunda steppe (ST). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Most similar species are  E. viridis ,  E. dispar , and  E. glutinosae , from which it differs by having a shorter valvula 3 and lancet. Males distinguishable from other species by distinct penis valves. </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 13 specimens, maximum within species distance is 3.19% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are  Euura dispar ,  Euura viridis , and possibly  Euura glutinosae . BINs: BOLD:AEC8057, BOLD:ABZ5797, BOLD:ACF5540 (main cluster). </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 10 (only NaK) or 8 (NaK and POL2) specimens, maximum within species distance is 1.09% (only NaK) or 0.92% (NaK and POL2) and 0.12% based on haplotypes of individual females. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0% (only NaK) or 0.41% (NaK and POL2), is  Euura viridis . The 0% distance between  Euura viridis and  Euura brevivalvis for NaK is because one of the haplotypes of one female of  Euura viridis (ZMUO.030835) isidentical to several  Euura brevivalvis specimens. </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts:  Betula species,  B. pendula (Ermolenko and Fedoryak 1988),  B. pubescens including var. pumila (Kangas 1985; Lahtinen et al. 2006),  Betula nana (this study and unpublished rearing results by V. Vikberg). In Kazakhstan and southern Siberia males are respectively very rare or scarce (Safjanov 1977; Ermolenko and Fedoryak 1988), although they are common in northern Europe (Liston et al. 2020). One generation per year (Safjanov 1977; Macek et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic (Ermolenko and Fedoryak 1988; Taeger et al. 2006; Sundukov 2017). Specimens studied are from Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, and Sweden.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus brevivalvis Thomson, 1871. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, DEI-GISHym88904, MZLU. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Pteronus kriegeri Konow, 1903a. LT, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3847, SDEI. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling, and in his  “Diskussion” (p. 134) validly designated it. </p>
            <p> Amauronematus spurcus Konow, 1904. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3848, SDEI. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling, together with a female paralectotype. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea absimilis Lindqvist, 1949. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3465, MZH. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea woollatti Lindqvist, 1971. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.9217, MZH. Slide preparation PR.605VV of saw by V. Vikberg. The paratype ♂ is  E. sylvestris (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.9216; slide preparation PR.606VV of penis valve by V. Vikberg). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A9F557DD7695676B92238A7D6E6E4E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
84F1051186545147A9C2D27C4C665428.text	84F1051186545147A9C2D27C4C665428.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura dispar (Zaddach 1876)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura dispar (Zaddach, 1876)</p>
            <p>Figs 4, 8A, 11B, 15, 24C-E</p>
            <p> Nematus dispar Zaddach, 1876: Plate II(5), 5. Type locality: Heubude (according to Brischke 1884) [Poland, now part of Gdansk] (ST). Type material probably destroyed (Blank and Taeger 1998). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea pseudodispar Lindqvist, 1969: 242-245. Type locality: Finland, Helsinki,  Munksnäs (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Most similar species are  E. viridis and  E. glutinosae , from which it possibly differs by having slightly larger denticles of serrulae. Males distinguishable from other species by their distinctive penis valves. </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 11 specimens, maximum within species distance is 1.75% and the nearest neighbours, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are  Euura brevivalvis ,  Euura glutinosae , and  Euura viridis . BINs: BOLD:AEC8057, BOLD:ABZ5797, BOLD:ACF5540 (main cluster). </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 6 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.25% (0.15% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbours, diverging by a minimum of 0.63%, are  Euura brevivalvis and  Euura glutinosae . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts:  Betula pendula (Kangas 1985) and  B. pubescens (Kontuniemi 1960). Probably two generations per year, of which larvae identified as  Pteronidea pseudodispar belong to the second generation (Lindqvist 1969). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic (Taeger et al. 2006; Sundukov 2017). Specimens studied are from Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and United Kingdom.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Pteronidea pseudodispar Lindqvist, 1969. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3514, MZH. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/84F1051186545147A9C2D27C4C665428	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
C413E43DA9F35E5A8BE45F244872777F.text	C413E43DA9F35E5A8BE45F244872777F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura frenalis (Thomson 1888)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura frenalis (Thomson, 1888)</p>
            <p>Figs 5H, 9A, 10C, 12B, 21E-H</p>
            <p> Nematus frenalis Thomson, 1888: 1210-1212. Type locality: Sweden,  Jämtland ,  Åreskutan . LT designated by Koch (2000). </p>
            <p> Pteronus fastosus Konow, 1904: 262-263. Type locality: northern Russia, Kanin Peninsula. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus (Pteronidea) fastosus var. ponojense Hellén , 1948: 115. Type locality: Russia, Kola Peninsula, Ponoj (ST). Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Nematus (Pteronidea) fastosus var. punctiscuta Hellén , 1948: 115. Type locality: Finland,  Kilpisjärvi . LT designated below. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p>See the key couplets 10 (females) and 4 (males).</p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 11 specimens, maximum within species distance is 6.38% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.3%, is  Euura oligospila . BINs: BOLD:AEA7654 and BOLD:ABZ2416, but possibly also Nearctic BOLD:ACA8095 and BOLD:AAV4677. </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.67% (0.53% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.72%, is  Euura oligospila . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts: according to Kangas (1985)  Salix cinerea ,  Salix myrsinifolia ,  Salix pentandra , and  Salix phylicifolia . </p>
            <p>Two generations in southern Finland according to Lindqvist (1961).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017, current data), but possibly also Nearctic. Mainly in the North. Specimens studied are from Finland, Norway, Russia (Murmansk Oblast, Nenets Autonomous Okrug), and Sweden.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus frenalis Thomson, 1888. LT, ♀, DEI-GISHym88902, MZLU. </p>
            <p> Pteronus fastosus Konow, 1904. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3851, SDEI. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Nematus (Pteronidea) fastosus var. ponojense Hellén , 1948. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3546, MZH. </p>
            <p> Nematus (Pteronidea) fastosus var. punctiscuta Hellén , 1948. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3544, MZH. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C413E43DA9F35E5A8BE45F244872777F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
73AD44CB402F56C294E158EE19CF78D4.text	73AD44CB402F56C294E158EE19CF78D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura glutinosae (Cameron 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura glutinosae (Cameron, 1882)</p>
            <p>Figs 8C, 11H, 16, 24A, B</p>
            <p> Nematus glutinosae Cameron, 1882: 193-194. Type locality: Great Britain, England, Worcestershire. LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus viridissimus Möller , 1882: 179. Type locality: Sweden,  Skåne ,  Skrifvaremöllan vid  Tvedörra lägerplats . LT designated by Lindqvist (1962). </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Cameron’s article was published in February 1882, according to the issue wrappers and printed in the journal itself.  Möller’s article was published no earlier than mid December 1882, based on an advertisement inside front issue wrapper dated December 1882, and the proceedings of the Entomologiska  Föreningen meeting on 14 December 1882 published in the same issue (pp. 195-203). The seniority of the name  Euura glutinosae has previously been overlooked. Loth (1913) used  Pteronus glutinosae as the name for this taxon, and following Article 23.9 (ICZN 1999),  Euura glutinosae is therefore the valid species name. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Most similar species are  E. dispar and  E. viridis . Compared to  E. dispar it possibly has slightly smaller denticles of serrulae. Differences from  E. viridis are not entirely clear. Male penis valves are most similar to  E. viridis . There is possibly a larger gap between paravalva and valvispina compared to  E. viridis . </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 3 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.15% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, is  Euura dispar , but possibly also  Euura brevivalvis , and  Euura viridis . BINs: BOLD:ACF5540 (main cluster), but possibly also BOLD:AEC8057 and BOLD:ABZ5797. </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 2 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0% (0.02% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.63%, is  Euura dispar . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts:  Alnus species;  A. glutinosa (Macek et al. 2020),  A. incana (Kangas 1985) and  A. cordifolia (Schedl 2010). Intriguing, but requiring confirmation, are comments by Pschorn-Walcher and Altenhofer (2000), that "  Nematus prasinus " larvae, although they strongly preferred  Alnus species, also accepted  Betula ,  Carpinus and  Corylus in feeding tests. Two generations per year (Weiffenbach 1985; Pschorn-Walcher and Altenhofer 2000). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Nearly all published records are from the West Palaearctic (Europe, Georgia, Zinovjev 1978; Taeger et al. 2006), apart from a specimen from Mongolia recorded as  Nematus viridissimus by Haris (2002). Specimens studied are from Austria, France, Germany, Russia (Moscow Oblast), Sweden, United Kingdom. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus glutinosae Cameron, 1882. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, B.M.TYPE HYM.I.623, BMNH.  “Type” "B.M.TYPE HYM.1.623" "HOLOTYPE ♀  Nematus glutinosae Cameron det. R.B.Benson.1938" "Bred 21/9/75; the L. VIII on  Alnus glutinosa . Worsh" "Cameron. 96-76. Worcester"  “polyspila” , BMNH. </p>
            <p> Nematus viridissimus Möller , 1882. LT, ♀ GNM-HYME000000210, GNM. Koch (2000) wrongly ascribed holotype status to this specimen. However, the discussion of the specimen as the type by Lindqvist (1962) satisfies the requirements of Article 74.6 (ICZN 1999) for the designation of a lectotype. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73AD44CB402F56C294E158EE19CF78D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
6FDCED68A8FD532DA55494654865E8CA.text	6FDCED68A8FD532DA55494654865E8CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura leptocephalus (Thomson 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura leptocephalus (Thomson, 1863)</p>
            <p>Figs 5B, I, 6B, 11I, 17</p>
            <p> Nematus leptocephalus Thomson, 1863: 632. Type locality: Scandinavia, "Lapponia intermedia" (HT). </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Most similar species are  E. reticulata and similar species in the  Euura flavescens group (character states in parentheses), from which it differs by having dorsal margin of lancet angulate at about second or third serrula from apex (not angulate) and apical sutures distinctly inclined apically (not inclined). Valvula 3 is also (usually) slightly narrower compared to  Euura flavescens group. Males distinguishable from other species by distinct penis valves. </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 4 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.76% (4.56% when including representatives from BOLD:AAG3563 and BOLD:ACY4317) and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 6.23%, is  Euura sylvestris . BINs: BOLD:ADS7391 (Holarctic), possibly also Nearctic BOLD:AAG3563 and BOLD:ACY4317. </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 3 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.07% (0.05% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 2.96%, is  Euura viridis . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts:  Salix spec. (Lindqvist 1960b);  Salix glauca (V. Vikberg: unpublished rearing results). Probably only one generation per year. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>West Palaearctic and Nearctic (Sundukov 2017). Mainly in subarctic and arctic areas. Specimens studied are from Finland, Norway, and Sweden.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus leptocephalus . HT, ♀, NHRS-HEVA000003974, NHRS. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FDCED68A8FD532DA55494654865E8CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
0CE7D9C715265463962C47DC782D8CBC.text	0CE7D9C715265463962C47DC782D8CBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura oligospila (Foerster 1854)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Euura oligospila (
Foerster
, 1854)
</p>
            <p>Figs 5A, L, T, 9B, 10B, H, L, 12A, 21A-D, 26A-C</p>
            <p> Nematus oligospilus Förster , 1854a: 284-286. Type locality: Germany, Aachen area. LT designated by Koch and Smith (2000). </p>
            <p> Nematus mendicus Walsh, 1866: 261-262. Type locality: not stated (ST, probably destroyed by fire: Zinovjev and Smith 2000). Synonymised with  Nematus oligospilus by Benson (1962). </p>
            <p> Nematus trivittatus Norton, 1867: 218. Type locality: Canada, Mackenzie River and Great Slave Lake; USA, Illinois (ST). Synonymy with  Pteronidea mendica by MacGillivray (1916). </p>
            <p> Nematus microcercus Thomson, 1871: 152. Type locality: Sweden, Lund. Lectotype designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus dorsivittatus Cresson, 1880: 10. Type locality: USA, Nevada (ST). Synonymised with  Nematus oligospilus by Smith (1979). </p>
            <p> Nematus salicivorus Cameron, 1882: 194-195. Type locality: Great Britain, England, Worcestershire. Lectotype designated below. </p>
            <p> Pteronus koebelei Marlatt, 1896: 44-46 (key), 71. Type locality: USA, California and Oregon (ST). Synonymy with  Nematus mendicus by Ross (1951). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea vanduzeei Rohwer, 1913: 280-281. Type locality: USA, Virginia, Chain Bridge (HT). Synonymy with  Nematus mendicus by Ross (1951). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea elelea MacGillivray, 1923: 162. Type locality: Canada, Alberta, Edmonton (ST). Synonymy with  Nematus mendicus by Ross (1951). </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p>See the key couplets 10 (females) and 4 (males). Can be small, about 4.5 mm (ZMUO.030844).</p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 12 specimens, maximum within species distance is 5.93% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.3%, is  Euura frenalis . BINs: BOLD:AAV4676, BOLD:ABZ2416, BOLD:AEA6205, BOLD:ABY8224 (DEI-GISHym11390), BOLD:AEA3640 (Russian Far East), and possibly European BOLD:ADW3220 and Nearctic BOLD:ACA8095, BOLD:AAV4677. BOLD:ABW6676 is an artefact because of chimeric sequences composed of BOLD:AEA6205 and a possible NUMT cluster. Additionally, some specimens in BOLD possibly belong to a NUMT cluster because of a stop codon and in some cases also indels: ZMUO.038942, ZMUO.035716, JSLK-S0065, ZMUO.035743, ZMUO.035642, ZMUO.035689, ZMUO.031369, ZMUO.035712. Specimen ZMUO.030844 has two COI variants, one belonging to BOLD:AEA6205 and the other one in the NUMT cluster (it has a stop codon in the barcoding region and a 1 bp insertion outside the barcoding region). </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.68% (0.52% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.72%, is  Euura frenalis . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts:  Salix species (Cameron 1882 [types of  N. salicivorus ]; Macek et al. 2020). A large number of  Salix species, and a few species of  Populus , are named as hosts of  Euura oligospila (or  Nematus oligospilus ) in the literature, but such records from Australasia, southern Africa and South America all refer to  E. respondens (see above). Because of widespread mixing up in Europe of  E. respondens and  E. oligospila , it is often not clear as to which species the published records refer. Lorenz and Kraus (1957) listed  Ulmus as a host of  Euura oligospila , but this is probably based on Conde (1938), whose meaning is not clear, and probably only indicates that an adult had been collected from  Ulmus . Probably has two generations per year in southern Sweden (Benander 1966). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> West Palaearctic (see Material studied, below), East Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017) and possibly Nearctic if the synonymies given above are correct, but mentions from southern Africa, South America, Australia, and New Zealand refer to  E. respondens . Specimens studied are from Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Russia (Primorsky Krai), Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus oligospilus Förster , 1854. LT, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3372, ZSM. </p>
            <p> Nematus microcercus Thomson, 1871. Lectotype, here designated, ♂, MZLU2017330, MZLU. Paralectotypes: 1♂, MZLU2017329. 2♀, MZLU2017327-328, det.  E. oligospila ; 1♀, MZLU2017326, det.  E. glutinosae , MZLU. </p>
            <p> Nematus salicivorus Cameron, 1882. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, B.M.TYPE HYM.I.625, BMNH.  “Type” , "Holotype  Nematus salicivorus Cam ♀ det. R. B. Benson. 1938", "  Euura oligospila det Benson miliaris det Cam", "Cameron 96-76. Worcester". On underside of card to which the specimen is gummed: "Bred 11.5.78; the larva X on  Salix viminalis :  Wor’sh.”</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CE7D9C715265463962C47DC782D8CBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
777AC0726124503AAAD37141822CB3C7.text	777AC0726124503AAAD37141822CB3C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura pallens (Konow 1903)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura pallens (Konow, 1903)</p>
            <p> Pteronus pallens Konow, 1903: 310 (key). Type locality: Irkutsk, Russia (LT). </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Most similar species are  Euura sylvestris and  Euura respondens , from which it differs by having more prominent serrulae (cf. Figs 7B, 9C, D). It is possible that  Euura pallens is a synonym of  Euura respondens (shape of the basal sutures of the lancet seem to be most similar to this species), even though the serrulae seem to be more prominent than in other specimens of  Euura bergmanni group examined so far. Lindqvist (1972) synonymised  Pteronidea straminea , which we treat as a synonym of  Euura sylvestris , with  Euura pallens . Male unknown. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>East Palaearctic. Removed from the list of West Palaearctic taxa. Specimens studied are from Russia (Irkutsk Oblast).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Pteronus pallens Konow, 1903. LT, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3863, SDEI. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/777AC0726124503AAAD37141822CB3C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
ABCF76ACEF6C5606B8DF217F98841514.text	ABCF76ACEF6C5606B8DF217F98841514.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura pyramidalis (Hellén 1948)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Euura pyramidalis (
Hellen
, 1948)
</p>
            <p> Nematus (Pteronidea) pyramidalis Hellén , 1948: 114. Two ST ♀♀ not found in MZH. Type locality: Dudinka, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Seems to belong to the  Euura bergmanni rather than the  Euura oligospila group, because of its long malar space according to the original description (  Hellén 1948). Overall colouration, small size (5.5 mm), and high northern locality (69.42°N, 86.25°E) suggests that it could be conspecific with  E. sylvestris . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABCF76ACEF6C5606B8DF217F98841514	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
7C6DCD98DC3257CB99F807A35CDE15D0.text	7C6DCD98DC3257CB99F807A35CDE15D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura respondens (Foerster 1854)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Euura respondens (
Foerster
, 1854)
</p>
            <p>Figs 5Q, 9C, 10A, G, 11J, 18, 26D-F</p>
            <p> Nematus respondens Förster , 1854b: 427-428. Type locality: Austria. Lectotype designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus nitens Thomson, 1888: 1212. Type locality: Sweden, Lund. Lectotype designated by Koch (2000). Mentioned as a synonym of  Nematus respondens by Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev (1995). </p>
            <p> Pteronus balassagloi Jakowlew, 1891: 23-24. Type locality: Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Lectotype designated by Zhelohovtsev (1976). Mentioned as a synonym of  Nematus respondens by Zhelohovtsev (1976). </p>
            <p> Nematus declaratus Muche, 1974: 105-107. Type locality: Uzbekistan, Fergana (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Nematus desantisi D.R. Smith, 1983: 260-262. Type locality: Argentina, Chubut, Valle del Rio Chubut (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Females are most similar to  Euura oligospila group,  E. bergmanni , and  E. sylvestris . Head more rounded in dorsal view and lancet somewhat narrower compared to  E. bergmanni . Ventral parts of 2nd to 4th suture of lancet are oblique and more or less straight or weakly curved apically in  E. respondens , but weakly or distinctly curved basally in  Euura oligospila group and  E. sylvestris . Males distinguishable from other species by distinct penis valves. </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 10 specimens, maximum within species distance is 3.19% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 5.44%, is  Euura viridis subgroup. BIN: BOLD:ABU8945. </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 3 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.18% (0.27% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 3.82%, is  Euura viridis . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts: a large number of  Salix species, as well as sometimes  Populus species (Dapoto and Giganti 1994; Koch and Smith 2000). Host records from the countries where  E. respondens has become invasive are considered to be reliable, because no similar sawflies occur there, but records from Europe should be treated with caution, because the larvae of  E. respondens and  E. oligospila are apparently very similar. Up to six generations per year have been recorded, in Argentina (Alderete et al. 2002). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic, Neotropic, Afrotropic, Australasian (Zhelohovcev 1976; Koch and Smith 2000; Taeger et al. 2006; Schmidt and Smith 2009; Caron et al. 2013, current data). Almost certainly also Nearctic and Oriental. Specimens studied are from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Slovakia, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus respondens Förster , 1854b. Lectotype, here designated, ♂, GBIF-GISHym3404, ZSM. The specimen is completely destroyed and only one badly damaged penisvalve remains. However, the shape of the penis valve of this taxon is highly characteristic. </p>
            <p> Nematus nitens Thomson, 1888. LT, ♀, DEI-GISHym88903, MZLU. </p>
            <p> Pteronus balassagloi Jakowlew, 1891. Lectotype, ♂, DEI-GISHym30223, ZIN. </p>
            <p> Nematus declaratus Muche, 1974. HT, ♂, GBIF-GISHym2826, ZMHB. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C6DCD98DC3257CB99F807A35CDE15D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
C5FBE67D9E0855C79FB472EE8CCF95E8.text	C5FBE67D9E0855C79FB472EE8CCF95E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura sylvestris (Cameron 1884)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura sylvestris (Cameron, 1884)</p>
            <p>Figs 5P, S, 9D, 10K, 11F, G, 19, 25</p>
            <p> Nematus sylvestris Cameron, 1884: 266. Type locality: not stated in original description (ST); according to Cameron (1885) "Cadder Wilderness" [Scotland, Glasgow area]. Lindqvist (1962) described the results of his studies of the original description, and by R. B. Benson of the  “type” , and reinstated the name as valid. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea straminea Lindqvist, 1958: 103. Type locality: Nurmes, Finland (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea angustiserra Lindqvist, 1969: 241-242. Type locality: Mustasaari, Finland (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea disparoides Lindqvist, 1969: 245. Type locality: Espoo, Finland (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Females are most similar to  Euura oligospila group,  E. respondens , and  E. bergmanni , from which it differs usually by having a longer malar space. Lancet is usually narrower compared to  E. bergmanni . Clypeus is usually less deeply emarginate compared to  Euura oligospila group. Ventral part of 2nd to 4th suture of lancet is weakly or distinclty curved basally in  E. sylvestris , but oblique and more or less straight or weakly curved apically in  E. respondens . Males distinguishable from other species by their relatively distinct penis valves. </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 22 specimens, maximum within species distance is 3.68% (5.68% when including also Nearctic-only BINs) and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 5.45%, is  Euura viridis subgroup. BINs: BOLD:AAG3515 (Holarctic), BOLD:AEH2646 (ZMUO.038944, Finland), and possibly also Nearctic BOLD:AAU8841, BOLD:ACJ5634, BOLD:ACI4984, BOLD:AAG3521, BOLD:ACN0565. </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 14 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.97% (0.83% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 2.72%, is  Euura viridis . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts:  Salix spp. and at least occasionally  Populus tremula . Cameron (1884) included a description of the larva of  N. sylvestris in the  species’ description, and gave the host as  Salix caprea . Other  Salix species recorded as hosts are:  Salix pentandra ,  Salix phylicifolia (Kangas 1985), and  Salix myrsinifolia (Kontuniemi 1971). We have collected or reared larvae from  S. caprea ,  S. pentandra ,  S. hegetschweileri ,  S. myrsinifolia , and  Populus tremula . Apparently there can be more than one generation per year (Kontuniemi 1971). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Holarctic (Sundukov 2017, current data). Specimens studied are from Austria, Finland, Lithuania, and Sweden.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Pteronidea straminea Lindqvist, 1958. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3512 (saw slide PR240.AZ lost?), MZH. Lindqvist (1972) synonymised  Pteronidea straminea with  Pteronus pallens Konow, 1903 (see  Euura pallens ). Unfortunately, the saw of the holotype of  Pteronidea straminea seems to be lost, but judging from the figure by Lindqvist (1958: 101, Fig. 15) the serrulae do not appear to be as prominent as in  E. pallens (Fig. 7B) and seem to fit better with  E. sylvestris , although synonymy with  E. respondens cannot be excluded. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea angustiserra Lindqvist, 1969. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3443, MZH. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea disparoides Lindqvist, 1969. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3493, MZH. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5FBE67D9E0855C79FB472EE8CCF95E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
F9D08AAD0B3F58D6BF0FC0C89C836F51.text	F9D08AAD0B3F58D6BF0FC0C89C836F51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euura viridis (Stephens 1835)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euura viridis (Stephens, 1835)</p>
            <p>Figs 5G, O, 8B, 10D, 11C, 20</p>
            <p> Nematus viridis Stephens, 1835: 30. Type locality: England, London area (HT). </p>
            <p> Nematus prasinus Hartig, 1837: 216-217. Type locality: not stated, but presumably Germany according to the title of  Hartig’s publication (ST). LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Nematus polyspilus Förster , 1854a: 284, 286-288. Type locality: Germany, Aachen area (ST). LT designated below. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1946: 181. Type locality: Scandinavia, Lapland (ST). No identifiable syntypes were located. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1949: 75-77. Type locality: Finland, Utsjoki, Outakoski (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea abscondita Lindqvist, 1949: 77. Type locality: Finland, Kuusamo (HT) [according to original description in ZMUT, but is actually in MZH]. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea lauroi Lindqvist, 1960a: 35. Type locality: Finland, Ahlainen, Rankku (HT). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Similar species.</p>
            <p> Most similar species are  E. dispar and  E. glutinosae . Compared to  E. dispar it possibly has slightly smaller denticles of serrulae. Differences from  E. glutinosae are not entirely clear. Male penis valves are most similar to  E. glutinosae . There is possibly a smaller gap between paravalva and valvispina compared to  E. glutinosae . Since differences from  E. glutinosae are not clear, the new synonymies proposed here might not be correct. Fortunately, even if the synonymies are more accurately treated under  E. glutinosae , it would not disrupt the usage of currently valid names. The  Pteronidea abscondita “allotype” (not a type specimen) (http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3442) is most likely  E. flavescens (Stephens, 1835). </p>
            <p>Genetic data.</p>
            <p> COI. Based on 4 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.46% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are  Euura brevivalvis ,  Euura dispar , and possibly  Euura glutinosae . BINs: BOLD:AEC8057, BOLD:ABZ5797, BOLD:ACF5540 (main cluster). </p>
            <p> Nuclear. Based on 4 specimens, maximum within species distance is 0.09% (0.55% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0% (only NaK) or 0.41% (NaK and POL2), is  Euura brevivalvis . </p>
            <p>Host plants and behaviour.</p>
            <p> Hosts: most host records under the name  Euura viridis and all those under  Pteronidea breviseta refer to  Betula , e.g.  B. pendula (Kontuniemi 1960),  B. pubescens (Kontuniemi 1960; Tenow 1963; Hanhimaki et al. 1995), and  Betula utilis (Schedl 2010). However, other sources mention several additional hosts, all of which require checking, because they may involve misidentifications of the sawfly species: see also above, under  E. glutinosae . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Palaearctic (Sundukov 2017; current data). Specimens studied are from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and United Kingdom.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nematus viridis Stephens, 1835. HT, ♀, B.M.TYPE HYM.I-697, BMNH. </p>
            <p> Nematus prasinus Hartig, 1837. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3388, ZSM. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Nematus polyspilus Förster , 1854. Lectotype, here designated, ♀, GBIF-GISHym3386, ZSM. Koch (2000) mentioned this same specimen as LT, with details of its labelling. This was not, however, a valid taxonomic act, because he omitted an explicit statement that he was designating this specimen (see ICZN 2003). </p>
            <p> Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1946. No identifiable syntypes found: the HT of  P. breviseta Lindqvist, 1949 was collected in 1948, and so cannot be a syntype of the taxon described in 1946. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea breviseta Lindqvist, 1949. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3461, MZH. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea abscondita Lindqvist, 1949. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3441, MZH. </p>
            <p> Pteronidea lauroi Lindqvist, 1960. HT, ♀, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3506, MZH. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9D08AAD0B3F58D6BF0FC0C89C836F51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prous, Marko;Liston, Andrew;Mutanen, Marko	Prous, Marko, Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko (2021): Revision of the West Palaearctic Euura bergmanni and oligospila groups (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 187-269, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.84.68637
