taxonID	type	description	language	source
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	description	Fig. 2 a-d	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Mexico, Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Torre de Microondas " Las Mulas ", 23 ° 37 ' 00 " N, 99 ° 14 ' 31 " W, alt. 1549 m, under Quercus polymorpha Schlecht. & Cham., Quercus sp. and Juglans sp., hypogeous, solitary or in groups of 2, 11 November 2006, col. G. Guevara (holotype: ITCV 896).	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pachyphlodes brunnea is be recognized by the dark brown ascomata and two-layered. Thick (474 - 570 µm) peridium, white gleba when immature, spores ornamented with capitate columns growing under Quercus and with an odor similar to raw potatoes.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin, Pachyphlodes brunnea in reference to the brown peridium.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	description	Description. Ascomata subglobose to ovoid, 15 - 17 x 10 - 15 mm, surface dry, with an irregular basal depression, surface dark brown when fresh (Fig. 2 a), with geometric, angular, or pyramidal warts 1 mm wide, with flattened, elevated, or rounded top. Gleba solid (Fig. 2 b), marbled with white sterile veins separating brownish, fertile tissue, overall brownish when dried. Odor of corn starch-like or of raw potatoes. Peridium of two layers. Outer peridium 125 - 570 µm thick, of textura angularis, with warts up to 300 - 500 (- 800) μm high, outermost cells up to 42 μm broad, some ventricose or irregular, radial arrangement in some areas, walls 2 - 3 (- 5) μm thick, reddish-brown to orange-brown in 5 % KOH, innermost cells up to 10 μm broad, walls 1 - 2 μm thick, hyaline in 3 % KOH. Inner peridium 120 - 500 (- 700) μm thick, composed of hyaline, septate, interwoven hyphae (textura intricata), 5 - 12 µm broad, thin-walled 1 - 2 μm thick. Asci 8 - spored, clavate, subclavate, subfusoid or irregular, 120 - 238 x 30 - 45 µm including pedicel, hyaline in 5 % KOH, walls 1 µm thick, asci are scattered. Paraphyses not detected. Ascospores irregularly biseriate to uniseriate, hyaline in 5 % KOH, globose, including ornamentation 18 - 22 µm broad, mean = 20 µm; excluding ornamentation 12 - 18 (- 20) µm broad, mean = 15 µm. Ornamentation averaging 1.5 (- 2.0) µm high, capitate columns, consisting of columns with a boarder, rounded tip.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Known only from northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon). Ascomata hypogeous always associated with Quercus polymorpha, and DNA (JN 102443) of this species were recovered from sampled roots of oak (JN 102443) from Chipinque National Park in Nuevo Leon. No DNA sequences of this species were found in soil in central or southern Mexico.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Mexico, Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Torre de Microondas " Las Mulas ", 23 ° 37 ' 00 " N, 99 ° 14 ' 31 " W, alt. 1549 m, under Quercus polymorpha, Quercus sp. and Juglans sp., hypogeous, solitary or in pairs, November 11, 2006, col. G. Guevara (ITCV 891; No ITS); Carretera Victoria, El Madrono, 23 ° 36 ' 3 " N, 99 ° 13 ' 8 " W, alt. 1460 m, under Quercus canbyi Trel., Q. polymorpha, and Q. laeta Liebm., hypogeous, August 1, 2008, col. G. Bonito (JT 32623; GenBank MT 461399). Nuevo Leon, Municipio de Santiago, El Cercado September 14, 1983, col J. Garcia (UNL 3757; GenBank EU 427551).	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	description	Fig. 3 a-e	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Mexico, Michoacan, road Morelia-Atecuaro, Morelia, 19 ° 36 ' 0 " N, 101 ° 10 ' 58.8 " W, alt. 2280 m, under Quercus deserticola Trel., hypogeous, solitary, 30 September 2012, col. R. Garibay-Orijel (holotype: MEXU 26842).	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pachyphlodes coalescens can be recognized by the brown ascomata and two-layered, thick (600 - 700 µm) peridium, and a gleba marbled with light yellow, meandering, sterile veins alternating with dark brown fertile veins, spores ornamented with truncated spines, that have material deposited at the tips, which accumulates and coalesces with neighboring tip material to form a broad, meandering, roughened, reticulum that hides the underlying spines, growing under Quercus.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the process that produces the spore ornamentation: material deposited on the spine tips coalesces to form a meandering reticulum, from Latin coalecere, to grow together.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	description	Description. Ascomata irregularly subglobose, slightly compressed, 12 x 14 mm, surface with flat, polygonal warts with 4 - 6 sides, each wart about 2.5 - 3.0 mm broad, orange-brown when fresh (Fig. 3 a), dark reddish-brown when dried, areole 6 x 4 mm where internal sterile veins emerge. Gleba light yellow with translucent yellowish sterile veins when fresh becoming cream with light brown veins when dried (Fig. 3 b). Peridium of two layers. Outer peridium 440 - 500 μm thick, composed of textura angularis, with warts up to 220 μm high, outermost cells up to 30 μm broad, walls 1 μm broad, orange-brown in 5 % KOH, interior cells up to 22 μm broad with notably thinner cell walls <0.5 µm, hyaline (Fig. 3 c). Inner peridium about 175 - 190 μm thick, composed of hyaline, septate, interwoven hyphae 4.5 - 6.5 µm broad, thin-walled <0.5 μm. Paraphyses filiform, septate, with swollen tips, 200 - 210 x 8.75 μm, 10 - 14 μm broad at the apex, pale green with granular contents, thin-walled <0.5 μm. Asci 8 - spored, irregularly distributed in fertile brown veins among interwoven hyphae, pyriform to cylindrical with a short pedicel, 180 - 195 μm long including pedicel, 40 - 50 μm wide, pedicel 22 - 26 x 10 - 12 μm, widening at the base, hyaline in 5 % KOH, walls <0.5 µm (Fig. 3 d). Spores irregularly biseriate to uniseriate. No reaction of asci in Melzer's reagent. Ascospores (Fig. 3 e, f) globose, hyaline to light yellow, size range including ornaments 20 - 23 μm, averaging 21.20 μm, spores excluding ornaments 16 - 18 μm, averaging 17.70 μm. Ornamentation averaging 1.80 μm high, of short capitate spines that accumulate material at the tips that coalesces to produce a nearly solid covering over the spore by maturity.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Ascomata hypogeous, known from Michoacan and Tlaxcala co-occurring with Quercus deserticola Trel, Quercus rugosa Nee, and Q. crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl. DNA sequences have also been found in Quercus dry forests or xerophilous pine-oak forests in Libres in Puebla, Tequila volcano in Jalisco, and Cerro del Aguila in Michoacan, all in central-southwestern Mexico.	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
CDBAA734339F5B1DACDEAF77088418CD.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Mexico, Tlaxcala, 1 km east of San Francisco Temezontla, Municipio Panotla, alt. 2600 m, under Quercus rugosa Nee, and Q. crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl., September 20, 2007, col. E. Cazares (JT 32454; GenBank EU 543209).	en	Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren, Trappe, James M. (2021): Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico. MycoKeys 82: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685
