identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2678D5797B4AFFE0FDA5FA8494B370D6.text	2678D5797B4AFFE0FDA5FA8494B370D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Genus Higginsarctus gen. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B191A524-2C5F-4DBD-93BA-7DC1ADB82CC7</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Higginsarctus signeae gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>A genus of Florarctinae characterized by large, rigid and backwards bending primary clavae (shared with Ligiarctus) supported by strong internal cuticular structures at their bases. Secondary clavae occurring as papillae (dome-shaped or spherical) or as flat sacs (round, rectangular or bilobed). Frontal ala, six lateral alae and a single caudal ala present. The proximal part of the alae (except for the frontal) internally supported by procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal part of the alae. External claws with calcars and with small internal notches; internal claws with accessory spines and small internal notches.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new genus is dedicated to Dr Robert P. Higgins for his contributions to meiofauna research. Higgins +arctus (latinised Greek word), meaning Higgins’s bear.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Higginsarctus gen. nov. shares with species of Florarctus, Ligiarctus and Wingstrandarctus the presence of alae, the shape of the cephalic cirri and fourth leg sense organ, the shape of the seminal receptacles, and the presence of internal hook-shaped peduncles. The very characteristic primary clavae, being large, rigid and backward bending, are shared only with Ligiarctus. It is very apparent that this new genus belongs to Florarctinae, perhaps being closest related to Ligiarctus. However, three characters of Higginsarctus gen. nov. set the genus apart from Florarctus, Ligiarctus and Wingstrandarctus, namely the number of lateral alae, the branching processes of procuticle reaching the distal part of the alae, and the presence of a small internal notch both on external and internal claws.</p> <p>The term ‘caestus’(from Latin = ‘gauntlet’), originally suggested by Renaud-Mornant (1987), has been generally adopted as a term for the supporting procuticle of the alae in species of Florarctus (Fontoura et al. 2017; Hansen &amp; Kristensen 2020). While the procuticle of the alae in species of Florarctus generally forms proximal lobate processes, it is much different in species of Higginsarctus gen. nov. where the entire proximal half of the alae are supported by a procuticle which sends out branching processes into the distal part of the alae. It is therefore suggested to refer to this special configuration of the supporting structure in the alae of Higginsarctus gen. nov. as ‘ramuli’ (plural form of ‘ramulus’ (Latin) meaning ‘a small branch’).</p> <p>The six species of Higginsarctus gen. nov. described below differ conspicuously in the morphology of the secondary clava. Further distinguishing characters include differences in alae morphology, genital features and ventral cuticular structures (Table 1).</p> <p>As in Florarctus and Wingstrandarctus, the distal margin of the lateral and caudal alae in species of Higginsarctus gen. nov. are characterised by small or larger indentations. Although being essential to an accurate description of alae morphology of each species, previous studies have not discriminated between types of indentations. Having studied numerous species of Florarctinae we believe that two morphological distinct types of indentations can be recognised, namely the ‘pointed’ type (Fig. 1) and the ‘arched’ type (Fig. 1). Consequently, the two types are discriminated in the species descriptions below. We also suggest considering both types in all future descriptions of species belonging to Florarctinae.</p> <p>A new genital structure not observed previously in tardigrades is recognised in 4 out of 6 species. It is situated immediately posterior to the gonopore and will be referred to as the ‘genital stoup’ as it resembles the shape of the holy water holder (Figs 2, 4E). Further investigation is needed to determine the exact function of this structure but it likely plays a role in either copulation or oviposition by facilitating the detention of spermatids/spermatozoa. The presence or absence of a genital stoup in Higginsarctus shintai gen. et sp. nov. and H. laurae gen. et sp. nov. cannot be determined with certainty in the present study. Thus, it might be confirmed as an apomorphy of the new genus, pending a closer study of new material.</p> <p>A special kind of leaf-like structures are present on the ventral cuticle in the two species Higginsarctus signeae gen et sp. nov. (Fig. 2) and H. laurae gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 14, 16C). Such structures have not been discussed or named previously in Florarctinae although they are present in Florarctus heimi Delamare-Deboutteville &amp; Renaud-Mornant, 1965 (see Gąsiorek et al. 2021: fig. 6), and will tentatively be referred to as ‘folia’ (plural form of ‘folium’ (Latin), meaning a thin leaf-like structure or lamella, a leaf, especially a thin leaf or plate (geometry)).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B4AFFE0FDA5FA8494B370D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B4CFFEBFDF0F8C2940C729A.text	2678D5797B4CFFEBFDF0F8C2940C729A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus signeae Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus signeae gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4F3D0D8B-BC13-4B98-9DD5-A5DA3A3BD817</p> <p>Figs 2–7</p> <p>Florarctinae nov. gen. 1 et nov. sp. 1 – Hansen et al. 2001. — Hansen 2005.</p> <p>Diagnosis (characters uniquely defining the taxon are written in bold)</p> <p>Characterized by flat, rectangular secondary clavae with slightly protruding contours. Each clava inserted on a small elevation of the ventral cuticle. Unilobed, rectangular antero-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Unilobed, rectangular medio-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae similar in size. Bilobed postero-lateral alae with a medial arched identation. Postero-lateral alae larger than antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae. Quadrilobed, rectangular caudal ala with 3 arched indentations, 1 medial and 2 lateral. Lateral lobes of the caudal ala nearly rectangular. Leg sense organs I–III with similar length. Genital stoup present. Anus inserted on ventral folium.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is dedicated to Signe G. Hansen, the daughter of the first author.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype FAROE ISLANDS • ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.5855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=61.386333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.5855/lat 61.386333)">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, Faroe Bank; 61°23.18′ N, 08°35.13′ W; depth 273 m; 1 Apr. 1992; R.M. Kristensen leg.; BIOFAR Station 788; coarse shell gravel; NHMD-293899.</p> <p>Allotype FAROE ISLANDS • ♂; same collection data as for holotype; 61°00′ N, 08°13′ W; depth 120 m; 19 Sep. 1998; R.M. Kristensen leg.; BIOFAR Station 2013; coarse shell gravel; NHMD-293900.</p> <p>Paratypes FAROE ISLANDS • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 61°12.33′ N, 08°28.23′ W; depth 148 m; 1 Apr. 1992; R.M. Kristensen leg.; BIOFAR Station 786; fine shell sand; NHMD-293898 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 61°00′ N, 08°13′ W; depth 120 m; 19 Sep. 1998; R.M. Kristensen leg.; BIOFAR Station 2013; coarse shell gravel; NHMD-293901 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; used for SEM; NHMD-293902.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Faroe Bank, North Atlantic Ocean (between 61°00′ N, 08°13′ W and 61°23.18′ N, 08°35.13′ W; depth range, 120–273 m).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>HABITUS. The holotypic female (Figs 2, 3B–E) is 147 µm long from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the body. The body is ovoid, being broadest (94 µm) at the level between the second and third pair of legs. It is highly convex dorsally, and flattened ventrally. The anterior margin of the head taper off, into a thin membrane-like structure (the ala anterior; van der Land 1968), which is different from the alae of the body. It is here referred to as the frontal ala (Fig. 2). The dorsal cuticle has four transverse inter-segmental folds: one anterior to the first pair of legs, two between the first and second pair of legs and one between the second and third pair of legs. The SEM studies of a paratypic female shows two large pores mid-dorsally, at the level of the third pair of legs (Fig. 5D). A deep longitudinal furrow extends mid-dorsally from the insertion of the caudal ala and halfway to the dorsal pores. Also only visible by SEM (in LM the dorsal cuticle appears smooth with small pillars inside the epicuticle), the dorsal cuticle is remarkably sculptured with numerous small knob-like structures of two different types: one type which is organized in rosettes of five, and another type which is larger, with a more spongy appearance, occurring separately. The two types are evenly distributed in the cuticle (Fig. 5E). This kind of dorsal cuticular structure has never been observed in any tardigrade species before. The ventral cuticle is perfectly smooth with small pillars inside the epicuticle.</p> <p>ALAE. Eight alae, which are all clearly separated from each other, are present (Fig. 2): frontal ala, a pair of antero-lateral alae, a pair of medio-lateral alae, a pair of postero-lateral alae and a single caudal ala (see also paratypes Figs 4A, 5A). The antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae are all similar in size and shape being unilobed and rectangular with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. The postero-lateral alae each have a medial arched indentation in the distal margin, dividing the ala into two lobes of equal size. The caudal ala is narrowed at the insertion on the body and has an overall rectangular shape with a deep medial, arched indentation and a pair of lateral, arched indentations dividing the ala into four lobes. The medial lobes are small and rounded whereas the lateral lobes are larger and more rectangular. The pillars in the alae are visible as closely spaced dots. The proximal halve of the lateral and caudal alae is internally supported by continuous procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal halve of the alae. The branching processes all start at the same level, thus creating a clear dividing line between continuous procuticle and branching procuticle, giving the alae a very characteristic appearance (Figs 2, 3D).</p> <p>SENSORY ORGANS. The head is well defined from the body by a constriction and a complete set of sense organs is present. All the cephalic cirri consist of an hourglass-shaped scapus, a long tubular portion and a protruding flagellum. As in most other species of Florarctinae the scapus of each cirrus appears somewhat outsized, enveloping the internal sensory structures rather than lining them. The internal cirri (35 µm) emerge from the frontal ala at the anterior margin of the head. The external cirri (29 µm) are inserted ventrally and the median cirrus mid-dorsally. The primary clava is relatively long (43 µm), slightly curved and non-flexible (Fig. 2 and paratypes Figs 3A, 7A). A van der Land’s body is visible inside its base. Primary clava and lateral cirrus (34 µm) arise on the same cirrophore, and a common membrane (extended margin of cirrophore) surrounds the base of primary clava and lateral cirrus. A very large and thick cuticular ring supports the cirrophore internally, and is probably functioning as an anchor of the primary clava (see paratype Fig. 7C). The secondary clavae are large, rectangular flat sacs (8 µm × 15 µm) flanking the mouth cone (Fig. 3B). Each clava is inserted on a small elevation of the ventral cuticle. In SEM of a paratypic female, the contours of the secondary clavae are recognizable, protruding slightly from the ventral cuticle (Fig. 4B). The leg I sense organ (11 µm) is an unsegmented spine with a slightly swollen base and a terminal tube. The sense organs of leg II (8 µm) and III (8 µm) are unsegmented tapering spines. The fourth leg sense organ (12 µm) is an elongate papilla with a basal van der Land’s body and a terminal pore. The cirrus E (46 µm) has a prominent cirrophorus, scapus and a long tapering flagellum. The scapus has a highly complex composition. The outer lining is composed of small pellets organized in regular rings. At least 33 rings are recognisable by LM and SEM, however the pellets are recognizable as separate units, only by using SEM-technique (Fig. 4F–G).</p> <p>LEGS, DIGITS AND CLAWS. The legs consist of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus as found in all species of Florarctinae. A rectangular folium-like structure is weakly evident ventrally on each coxa of leg pair IV (Fig. 2). Whether or not this is a true folium awaits the analysis of additional material. The external digits are supported by internal hook-shaped peduncles. The external claw is simple and with a calcar. The internal claw has an accessory spine, but no calcar. All the claws are of the same size, however the external claws are thicker basally and the internal claws have an almost straight portion dorsally (Fig. 3D and paratype Fig. 5B–C). An internal partition is evident as a small notch in each claw, dividing the claw in a basal portion and a distal portion (Fig. 3D and paratype Fig. 7D).</p> <p>BUCCO- PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS. The mouth cone is large and consists of three parts; a large basal cone, a middle telescopic cylinder and a terminal, very refractive cupola, through which the distal part of the stylet sheaths, protrude (Fig. 3B and paratype Fig. 7B). The buccal tube is 41 µm long and thin and has a small refractive bulb anterior to the placoids. The stylets are 44 µm long and very thin, each with a small furca (Fig. 2 and paratype Fig. 7C). The placoids are short, thick and strongly curved. Each placoid has a droplet-shaped terminal swelling (Fig. 2 and paratype Fig. 7C).</p> <p>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Consists of a single ovary bearing numerous small oocytes and three larger ova. The ovary is 58 µm long and is attached dorsally, at the level of the second pair of legs. The gonopore consists of a rosette with six large cells. Posterior to the rosette, the cuticle forms what appears in LM to be a broad fold. The SEM studies of a paratypic female shows that the cuticle is in fact forming a kind of basin or cup-like structure (Fig. 4E). It is here referred to as a ‘genital stoup’. The two cuticular seminal receptacles each consist of a spheroid vesicle and an S-shaped genital duct (Figs 2, 3C, E). The cuticle is slightly elevated at each duct opening but does not form a true papilla. The vesicles are filled with spermatozoa. The anus is situated on a large rectangular folium (Figs 2, 3C), and is closed by a threelobed cuticular system consisting of two large lateral lobes and a smaller posterior lobe.</p> <p>Allotypic male (Figs 6–7)</p> <p>No strong secondary sexual dimorphism is observed in Higginsarctus signeae gen. et sp. nov. The male is a little smaller (134 µm) than the female, and the primary clavae a little longer (46 µm). Also the secondary clavae have a slightly different shape, being more oval than rectangular (Fig. 7B). Bacterial vesicles are present just beneath the secondary clavae. The male gonopore is a small triangular papilla with two large pores (openings of the gonoducts), and is situated very close to the anus. The testis is large (87 µm), extending to the pharyngeal bulb, at the level of the first pair of legs. Two small lateral seminal vesicles are present.</p> <p>Paratypes The paratype NHMD-293898 is a juvenile female without a fully developed rosette gonopore. It measures 113 µm in body length, 66 µm in width and the primary clavae are 42 µm. The other paratype NHMD-29902 is a fully mature female with a body length of 142 µm, body width of 90 µm and the</p> <p>primary clavae are 49 µm.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B4CFFEBFDF0F8C2940C729A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B47FFF4FDFCFB3E940C7090.text	2678D5797B47FFF4FDFCFB3E940C7090.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus shintai Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus shintai gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 599082EE-9564-47C0-9CF9-A1EFD5F71F31</p> <p>Figs 8–9</p> <p>Diagnosis (characters uniquely defining the taxon are written in bold)</p> <p>Characterized by flat, comma-shaped secondary clavae. Unilobed, rectangular antero-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Unilobed, rectangular medio-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae similar in size. Bilobed postero-lateral alae with medial pointed identation. Postero-lateral alae larger than antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae. Quadrilobed, rectangular caudal ala with 3 arched indentations, 1 medial and 2 lateral. Medial lobes of caudal ala small and rounded, lateral lobes larger, nearly rectangular. Leg sense organs I–III with similar length.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is dedicated to Dr Shinta Fujimoto for his contributions to tardigradology.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype FRANCE • ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">English Channel</a>, Bay of Morlaix, Roscoff; 48°43′ N, 03°54′ W; depth 20–30 m; 15 Mar. 1982; R.M. Kristensen leg.; Dentalium sand; NHMD-293904.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>HABITUS. The holotypic female (Figs 8–9) is 173 µm long from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the body. The body is ovoid, being broadest (106 µm) at the level between the second and third pair of legs. The dorsal cuticle has three transverse inter-segmental folds: one anterior to the first pair of legs, one between the first and second pair of legs and one between the second and third pair of legs.</p> <p>ALAE. Typical for the genus, eight alae, which are all clearly separated from each other, are present: frontal ala, a pair of antero-lateral alae, a pair of medio-lateral alae, a pair of postero-lateral alae and a single caudal ala (Fig. 8). Both the lateral and caudal alae appear corrugated, having transverse ridges perfectly parallel to each other. The antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae are all similar in size and shape being unilobed and rectangular with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. The postero-lateral alae each have a medial pointed indentation, dividing the ala into two lobes of equal size. The caudal ala has an overall rectangular shape with a deep medial, arched indentation and a pair of lateral, arched indentations dividing the ala into four lobes. The medial lobes are small and rounded whereas the lateral lobes are larger and nearly rectangular. As in all species of the new genus, the proximal halve of the lateral and caudal alae is internally supported by continuous procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal halve of the alae.</p> <p>SENSORY ORGANS. The head is not well defined from the body and a complete set of sense organs is present. All the cephalic cirri consist of an hourglass-shaped scapus, a long tubular portion and a protruding flagellum. As in most other species of Florarctinae the scapus of each cirrus appears somewhat outsized, enveloping the internal sensory structures rather than lining them. The internal cirri (51 µm) emerge from the frontal ala at the anterior margin of the head. The external cirri (28 µm) are inserted ventrally and the median cirrus mid-dorsally. Typical for the genus, the primary clava (57 µm) is slightly curved and non-flexible (Fig. 9A). A van der Land’s body is visible inside its base. Primary clava and lateral cirrus arise on the same cirrophore, and a common membrane (extended margin of cirrophore) surrounds the base of primary clava and lateral cirrus. A very large and thick cuticular ring supports the cirrophore internally. The secondary clavae are large, comma-shaped flat sacs (19 µm × 8 µm) flanking the mouth cone (Figs 8, 9C). The leg I sense organ (11 µm) is an unsegmented spine with a slightly swollen base and a terminal tube. The sense organs of leg II (9 µm) and III (9 µm) are unsegmented tapering spines. The fourth leg sense organ (8 µm) is an elongate papilla with a basal van der Land’s body and a terminal pore. The cirrus E (46 µm) has a prominent cirrophorus, scapus and a long tapering flagellum.</p> <p>LEGS, DIGITS AND CLAWS. The legs consist of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus as found in all species of Florarctinae. A row of numerous cuticular stripes of unknown function marks the transition from femur to tibia (Fig. 8). The external digits are supported by internal hook-shaped peduncles. The external claw is simple and with a calcar. The internal claw has an accessory spine, but no calcar. All the claws are of the same size, however the external claws are thicker basally and the internal claws have an almost straight portion dorsally. An internal partition is evident as a small notch in each claw, dividing the claw in a basal portion and a distal portion.</p> <p>BUCCO- PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS. The mouth cone is large with a terminal, very refractive cupola, through which the distal part of the stylet sheaths, protrude. The buccal tube (Fig. 9A–B) is 48 µm long and thin and has a small refractive bulb anterior to the placoids. The stylets are 50 µm long and very thin, each with a well-developed furca. The placoids are short, thick and slightly curved.</p> <p>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Consists of a single ovary bearing several small oocytes. The ovary is 62 µm long and is attached dorsally, at the level of the second pair of legs. The gonopore consists of a rosette with six large cells. The two cuticular seminal receptacles each consist of a spheroid vesicle and an S-shaped genital duct (Fig. 8). The cuticle is slightly elevated at each duct opening but does not form a true papilla. The anus is a trilobed cuticular system consisting of two large lateral lobes and a smaller posterior lobe.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B47FFF4FDFCFB3E940C7090	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B58FFF0FD83F904940C7506.text	2678D5797B58FFF0FD83F904940C7506.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus lassei Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus lassei gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5086AB3C-F4CD-48ED-AE57-6D35C2EB14D7</p> <p>Figs 10–11</p> <p>Diagnosis (characters uniquely defining the taxon are written in bold)</p> <p>Characterized by flat, oval secondary clavae. Unilobed antero-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Bilobed medio-lateral alae with medial pointed indentations.</p> <p>Medio-lateral alae smaller than antero-lateral alae. Bilobed postero-lateral alae with a medial arched identation. Postero-lateral alae larger than antero-lateral alae. Quadrilobed, rectangular caudal ala with 3 arched indentations, 1 medial and 2 lateral. Medial lobes of caudal ala smaller than lateral lobes. Leg sense organs I–III with similar length. Genital stoup present.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is dedicated to Lasse G. Hansen, the son of the first author.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype CHILE • ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.85/lat -33.883335)">South Pacific Ocean</a>; 33°53′ S, 87°51′ W; depth 2475 m; 17 Jul. 1966; R.P. Higgins leg.; (RH 1270), R/V Anton Bruun, cruise 17; NHMD-293913.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>HABITUS. The holotypic female (Figs 10–11) is 143 µm long from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the body. The body is ovoid, being broadest (89 µm) at the level between the second and third pair of legs. The dorsal cuticle has four transverse inter-segmental folds: one anterior to the first pair of legs, two between the first and second pair of legs and one between the second and third pair of legs.</p> <p>ALAE. Typical for the genus, eight alae, which are all clearly separated from each other, are present: frontal ala, a pair of antero-lateral alae, a pair of medio-lateral alae, a pair of postero-lateral alae and a single caudal ala (Figs 10, 11A). The antero-lateral alae are unilobed with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. The medio-lateral alae which are smaller than the antero-lateral alae, each have a medial pointed indentation dividing each ala into two lobes of equal size. The postero-lateral alae which are larger than both the antero-lateral and medio-lateral alae, each have a medial arched indentation in the distal margin, dividing the ala into two lobes of equal size. The caudal ala has a deep medial, arched indentation and a pair of lateral, arched indentations dividing the ala into four lobes. The medial lobes are smaller than the lateral lobes. As in all species of the new genus, the proximal halve of the lateral and caudal alae is internally supported by continuous procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal halve of the alae.</p> <p>SENSORY ORGANS. The head is well defined from the body by a constriction and a complete set of sense organs is present. All the cephalic cirri consist of an hourglass-shaped scapus, a long tubular portion and a protruding flagellum. As in most other species of Florarctinae the scapus of each cirrus appears somewhat outsized, enveloping the internal sensory structures rather than lining them. The internal cirri (41 µm) emerge from the frontal ala at the anterior margin of the head. The external cirri (28 µm) are inserted ventrally and the median cirrus (33 µm) mid-dorsally. Typical for the genus, the primary clava (58 µm) is slightly curved and non-flexible (Fig. 11C). A van der Land’s body is visible inside its base. Primary clava and lateral cirrus arise on the same cirrophore, and a common membrane (extended margin of cirrophore) surrounds the base of primary clava and lateral cirrus. A very large and thick cuticular ring supports the cirrophore internally. The secondary clavae are oval flat sacs (11 µm × 7 µm) flanking the mouth cone. The leg I sense organ (12 µm) is an unsegmented spine with a slightly swollen base and a terminal tube. The sense organs of leg II (12 µm) and III (11 µm) are unsegmented tapering spines. The fourth leg sense organ (13 µm) is an elongate papilla with a basal van der Land’s body and a terminal pore. The cirrus E (48 µm) has a prominent cirrophorus, scapus and a long tapering flagellum.</p> <p>LEGS, DIGITS AND CLAWS. The legs consist of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus as found in all species of Florarctinae. The external digits are supported by internal hook-shaped peduncles. The external claw is simple and with a calcar. The internal claw has an accessory spine, but no calcar. All the claws are of the same size, however the external claws are thicker basally and the internal claws have an almost straight portion dorsally. An internal partition is evident as a small notch in each claw, dividing the claw in a basal portion and a distal portion.</p> <p>BUCCO- PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS. The mouth cone (Fig. 10) is large with a terminal, very refractive cupola. Only traces of the buccal tube (44 µm), stylets (47 µm), placoids and pharyngeal bulb are visible.</p> <p>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Consists of a single ovary bearing numerous small oocytes and a single larger ovum. The ovary is 72 µm long and is attached dorsally, at the level of the first pair of legs. The gonopore consists of a rosette with six large cells. Posterior to the rosette, the cuticle forms what appears in LM to be a broad fold which we interpret as the genital stoup. The two cuticular seminal receptacles each consist of a spheroid vesicle and an S-shaped genital duct. The cuticle is slightly elevated at each duct opening but does not form a true papilla. The anus is a trilobed cuticular system consisting of two large lateral lobes and a smaller posterior lobe.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B58FFF0FD83F904940C7506	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B5CFFFDFDFFFCB3940C7062.text	2678D5797B5CFFFDFDFFFCB3940C7062.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus martini Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus martini gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0373D8D1-209D-4853-936F-CC4E5DA584CB</p> <p>Figs 12–13</p> <p>Diagnosis (characters uniquely defining the taxon are written in bold)</p> <p>Characterized by ovoid, dome-shaped secondary clavae. Bilobed antero-lateral alae with medial pointed indentations. Bilobed medio-lateral alae with medial pointed indentations. Medio-lateral alae smaller than antero-lateral alae. Trilobed postero-lateral alae each with anterior pointed indentation and posterior arched indentation. Postero-lateral alae larger than antero-lateral alae. Quadrilobed, round caudal ala with 3 arched indentations, 1 medial and 2 lateral. Medial lobes of caudal ala smaller than lateral lobes. Leg sense organs I–III with similar length. Genital stoup present.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is dedicated to Dr Martin Vinther Sørensen for his contributions to meiofauna research.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype FRANCE • ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">English Channel</a>, Bay of Morlaix, Roscoff; 48°43′ N, 03°54′ W; depth 20–30 m; 15 Mar. 1982; R.M. Kristensen leg.; Dentalium sand; NHMD-293903.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>HABITUS. The holotypic female (Figs 12–13) is 159 µm long from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the body. The body is ovoid, being broadest (79 µm) at the level between the second and third pair of legs. Intersegmental folds are not recognisable.</p> <p>ALAE.Typical for the genus, eight alae, which are all clearly separated from each other, are present: frontal ala, a pair of antero-lateral alae, a pair of medio-lateral alae, a pair of postero-lateral alae and a single caudal ala (FigS 12, 13A). The antero-lateral alae each have a medial pointed indentation dividing each ala into two lobes of equal size. The medio-lateral alae which are smaller than the antero-lateral alae, each have a medial pointed indentation dividing each ala into two lobes of equal size. The posterolateral alae which are larger than both the antero-lateral and medio-lateral alae, each have an anterior pointed indentation and a posterior arched indentation defining a small medial lobe and two larger lateral lobes. The caudal ala has an overall round shape with a deep medial, arched indentation and a pair of lateral, arched indentations dividing the ala into four lobes. The medial lobes are smaller than the lateral lobes. As in all species of the new genus, the proximal halve of the lateral and caudal alae is internally supported by continuous procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal halve of the alae.</p> <p>SENSORY ORGANS. The head is not well defined from the body and a complete set of sense organs is present. All the cephalic cirri consist of an hourglass-shaped scapus, a long tubular portion and a protruding flagellum. As in most other species of Florarctinae the scapus of each cirrus appears somewhat outsized, enveloping the internal sensory structures rather than lining them. The internal cirri (33 µm) emerge from the frontal ala at the anterior margin of the head. The external cirri (21 µm) are inserted ventrally and the median cirrus (16 µm) mid-dorsally. Typical for the genus, the primary clava (48 µm) is slightly curved and non-flexible (Figs 12, 13A). A van der Land’s body is visible inside its base. Primary clava and lateral cirrus (28 µm) arise on the same cirrophore, and a common membrane (extended margin of cirrophore) surrounds the base of primary clava and lateral cirrus. A very large and thick cuticular ring supports the cirrophore internally. The secondary clavae are ovoid, dome-shaped papillae (6 µm × 3 µm) flanking the mouth cone. The leg I sense organ (10 µm) is an unsegmented spine with a slightly swollen base and a terminal tube. The sense organs of leg II (8 µm) and III (8 µm) are unsegmented tapering spines. The fourth leg sense organ (10 µm) is an elongate papilla with a basal van der Land’s body and a terminal pore. The cirrus E (42 µm) has a prominent cirrophorus, scapus and a long tapering flagellum.</p> <p>LEGS, DIGITS AND CLAWS. The legs consist of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus as found in all species of Florarctinae. The external digits are supported by internal hook-shaped peduncles. The external claw is simple and with a calcar. The internal claw has an accessory spine, but no calcar. All the claws are of the same size, however the external claws are thicker basally and the internal claws have an almost straight portion dorsally. An internal partition is evident as a small notch in each claw, dividing the claw in a basal portion and a distal portion.</p> <p>BUCCO- PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS. The mouth cone is large with a terminal, very refractive cupola, through which the distal part of the stylets protrudes (Figs 12, 13B). The buccal tube is 40 µm long and thin (Fig. 13C). The stylets are 43 µm long and very thin, each with a well-developed furca. The placoids are short and thick (Fig. 13C).</p> <p>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Consists of a single ovary in which only a single large ovum can be recognized. The ovary is 57 µm long and is attached dorsally, at the level of the second pair of legs. The gonopore consists of a rosette with six large cells (Fig. 13D). Posterior to the rosette, the cuticle forms what appears in LM to be a broad fold which we interpret as the genital stoup. The two cuticular seminal receptacles each consist of a spheroid vesicle and an S-shaped genital duct. The cuticle is slightly elevated at each duct opening but does not form a true papilla. The anus is a trilobed cuticular system consisting of two large lateral lobes and a smaller posterior lobe.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B5CFFFDFDFFFCB3940C7062	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B51FFF8FDF9F997940C74E2.text	2678D5797B51FFF8FDF9F997940C74E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus laurae Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus laurae gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E4929598-4B3D-4932-A6FE-9B32DC74CF0D</p> <p>Figs 14–16</p> <p>Diagnosis (characters uniquely defining the taxon are written in bold)</p> <p>Characterized by large, spherical secondary clavae. Trilobed antero-lateral alae each with pair of medial pointed indentations. Antero-lateral alae larger than postero-lateral alae. Bilobed mediolateral alae with medial pointed indentations. Medio-lateral alae smaller than postero-lateral alae. Bilobed postero-lateral alae with medial pointed identations. Bilobed, round caudal ala with deep</p> <p>medial pointed indentations. Leg sense organs I–III with similar length. Genital stoup present. Ventral cuticle with folia.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is dedicated to Laura Pavesi in acknowledgement of her continuous enthusiasm and effort to services the tardigrade collection at NHMD.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype FRANCE • ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">English Channel</a>, Bay of Morlaix, Roscoff; 48°43′ N, 03°54′ W; depth 20–30 m; 15 Mar. 1982; R.M. Kristensen leg.; Dentalium sand; NHMD-293905.</p> <p>Paratypes FRANCE • 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMD-293906 to NHMD-203011.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>HABITUS. The holotypic female (Figs 14–15) is 147 µm long from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the body. The body is ovoid, being broadest (83 µm) at the level between the second and third pair of legs. The dorsal cuticle has four transverse inter-segmental folds: one anterior to the first pair of legs, two between the first and second pair of legs and one between the second and third pair of legs. Five folia in the form of leaf-like structures (Fig. 14 and paratype Fig. 16C) are present on the ventral cuticle in the area between the legs, extending from the second pair of legs to the anus.</p> <p>ALAE. Typical for the genus, eight alae, which are all clearly separated from each other, are present: frontal ala, a pair of antero-lateral alae, a pair of medio-lateral alae, a pair of postero-lateral alae and a single caudal ala (Figs 14, 15A, D and paratype Fig. 16A). The antero-lateral alae which are larger than the medio-lateral alae, each have a medial pair of pointed indentations, dividing the ala into a small medial lobe and two larger lateral lobes. The medio-lateral alae which are larger than the postero-lateral alae, each have a medial pointed indentation dividing the ala into two lobes of equal size. The posterolateral alae each have a medial pointed indentation dividing the ala into two lobes of equal size. The caudal ala has an overall round shape with a deep medial, pointed indentation dividing the ala into two lobes (Fig. 15D–E). As in all species of the new genus, the proximal halve of the lateral and caudal alae is internally supported by continuous procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal halve of the alae (Figs 14, 15A, D).</p> <p>SENSORY ORGANS. The head is well defined from the body by a constriction and a complete set of sense organs is present (Fig. 14). All the cephalic cirri consist of an hourglass-shaped scapus, a long tubular portion and a protruding flagellum. As in most other species of Florarctinae the scapus of each cirrus appears somewhat outsized, enveloping the internal sensory structures rather than lining them. The internal cirri (35 µm) emerge from the frontal ala at the anterior margin of the head. The external cirri (26 µm) are inserted ventrally and the median cirrus (18 µm) mid-dorsally. Typical for the genus, the primary clava (47 µm) is slightly curved and non-flexible (Figs 14, 15A). A van der Land’s body is visible inside its base. Primary clava and lateral cirrus (27 µm) arise on the same cirrophore, and a common membrane (extended margin of cirrophore) surrounds the base of primary clava and lateral cirrus. A very large and thick cuticular ring supports the cirrophore internally. The secondary clavae are large, spherical papillae (8 µm × 5 µm) flanking the mouth cone (Fig. 15B–C and paratype Fig. 16B). A small refractive organ is visible inside the base of each clavae. The leg I sense organ (15 µm) is a slightly segmented spine with a long swollen base and a terminal tube. The sense organs of leg II (14 µm) and III (14 µm) are unsegmented tapering spines. The fourth leg sense organ (18 µm) is an elongate papilla with a basal van der Land’s body and a terminal pore (Fig. 15D–E). The cirrus E (45 µm) has a prominent cirrophorus, scapus and a long tapering flagellum (Fig. 15D–E)</p> <p>LEGS, DIGITS AND CLAWS. The legs consist of coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus as found in all species of Florarctinae. A row of numerous cuticular stripes of unknown function marks the transition from femur to tibia (Figs 14, 15A). The external digits are supported by internal hook-shaped peduncles. The external claw is simple and with a calcar. The internal claw has an accessory spine, but no calcar. All the claws are of the same size, however the external claws are thicker basally and the internal claws have an almost straight portion dorsally. An internal partition is evident as a small notch in each claw, dividing the claw in a basal portion and a distal portion.</p> <p>BUCCO- PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS. The mouth cone (Figs 14, 15B–C and paratype Fig. 16B) is large with a terminal, very refractive cupola, through which the distal part of the stylets protrudes. The buccal tube is 35 µm long and thin and has a small refractive bulb anterior to the placoids. The stylets are 36 µm long and very thin, each with a well-developed furca. The placoids are short, thick and slightly curved (paratype Fig. 16D). Each placoid has a droplet-shaped terminal swelling.</p> <p>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Consists of a single ovary bearing numerous small oocytes and a single larger ovum. The ovary is 83 µm long and is attached dorsally, at the level of the first pair of legs. The gonopore is inserted on a large folium and consists of a rosette with six large cells (Fig. 14 and paratype Fig. 16C). The two cuticular seminal receptacles each consist of a spheroid vesicle and an S-shaped genital duct (Fig. 14). The cuticle is slightly elevated at each duct opening but does not form a true papilla. The anus is a trilobed cuticular system consisting of two large lateral lobes and a smaller posterior lobe.</p> <p>Paratypes</p> <p>The 6 paratypes NHMD-293906 to NHMD-293911 are all mature females with a body length ranging from 118 µm to 139 µm, body width from 60 µm to 73 µm and primary clava length from 39 µm to 42 µm.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B51FFF8FDF9F997940C74E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B54FFF8FEC4FD16940C71E4.text	2678D5797B54FFF8FEC4FD16940C71E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus alatus (Gomes-Junior, E. Santos, da Rocha, P. J. P. Santos & Fontoura 2018) Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus alatus (Gomes-Júnior, E. Santos, da Rocha, P.J.P. Santos &amp; Fontoura, 2018) gen. et comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 17–18</p> <p>Amended diagnosis (characters uniquely defining the taxon are written in bold)</p> <p>Characterized by flat, bilobed secondary clavae. Unilobed, rectangular antero-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Unilobed, rectangular medio-lateral alae with weakly undulating distal margins without indentations. Antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae similar in size. Bilobed postero-lateral alae with a medial arched identation. Postero-lateral alae larger than antero-lateral alae and medio-lateral alae. Bilobed, rectangular caudal ala with deep arched identation medially. Lobes of the caudal ala nearly rectangular. Leg sense organs I–III highly different in length. Genital stoup present. Duct openings of seminal receptacles with true papillae.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype BRAZIL • Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.75/lat -4.616667)">Potiguar Basin</a>, Rio Grande do Norte State; 04°37′ S, 36°45′ W; depth 150 m; 2009; bioclastic and lithoclastic sand; P. Fontoura (C. VII-84).</p> <p>Paratype BRAZIL • 1 spec.; same collection data as for holotype; P. Fontoura (C. VII-87).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The results of our examination of the species described as Ligiarctus alatus confirm the presence of large, rigid and backwards bending primary clavae supported by strong internal cuticular structures at their bases, proximal part of the alae internally supported by procuticle which sends out branching processes (ramuli) into the distal part of the alae, and all claws with a small internal notch. Furthermore, it is evident that this species has three pairs of lateral alae. Thus, conforming to the diagnosis of Higginsarctus gen. nov., the species is here transferred to the new genus as Higginsarctus alatus gen. et comb. nov. In addition, our observations revealed the presence of a genital stoup (Figs 17B, 18A) and genital papillae (Figs 17B, 18A). We were also able to determine the shape of the secondary clavae (Figs 17A, 18B). As a consequence of the new information attained, the diagnosis of Higginsarctus alatus gen. et comb. nov. is amended accordingly.</p> <p>Ecology and distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B54FFF8FEC4FD16940C71E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B56FFFAFD9EFC5E9471710D.text	2678D5797B56FFFAFD9EFC5E9471710D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Higginsarctus Hansen & Kristensen 2021	<div><p>Higginsarctus gen. nov., sp. ind.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>FRANCE • 1 two-clawed larva; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.9/lat 48.716667)">North Atlantic Ocean</a>: English Channel, Bay of Morlaix, 48°43′ N, 03°54′ W, depth 20–30 m; 15 Mar. 1982; R.M. Kristensen leg.; Dentalium sand; NHMD293912.</p> <p>USA • 2 ♀♀, adults; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.367836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.06167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.367836/lat 33.06167)">Atlantic Ocean</a>: South Carolina; 33°03.7′ N, 77°22.07′ W; depth 289 m; 19 Nov. 1983; R.P. Higgins (RH 1839); R/V Cape Hatteras; medium phosphorite sand; NHMD-293915, NHMD- 293917 • 1 two-clawed larva; same collection data as for preceding; NHMD-293916.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Among the collected material from South Carolina, USA, two adult females were found, both having large, rigid and backwards bending primary clavae supported by strong internal cuticular structures at their bases, as well as three pairs of lateral alae supported by ramuli. These specimens likely present yet another species of Higginsarctus gen. nov., different to the new species described above. Unfortunately, further details cannot be accessed due to the poor condition of the specimens.</p> <p>In addition to the two unidentifiable adult specimens of Higginsarctus gen. nov., two larval specimens were found; a 2-clawed larva from Roscoff, France and a 2-clawed larva from South Carolina, USA. Both larvae possess large, rigid and backwards bending primary clavae supported by strong internal cuticular structures at their bases, a character shared by Ligiarctus and Higginsarctus gen. nov. At this larval stage, alae are not present. Co-occurring only with adult specimens of Higginsarctus gen. nov. (no adult specimens of Ligiarctus were found in the samples), these larvae most likely belongs to the new genus. However, the conclusion as to whether they belong to Ligiarctus or Higginsarctus gen. nov. cannot be made with certainty.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B56FFFAFD9EFC5E9471710D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
2678D5797B56FFC5FEFEF8AF936673BA.text	2678D5797B56FFC5FEFEF8AF936673BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ligiarctus Renaud-Mornant 1982	<div><p>Genus Ligiarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1982 (emended by Gomes-Júnior et al. 2018)</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Ligiarctus eastwardi Renaud-Mornant, 1982.</p> <p>Amended diagnosis</p> <p>A genus of Florarctinae with narrow head. Wide implementation of the primary clavae occupying the lateral edge of the head. Large, rigid and backwards bending primary clavae (shared with Higginsarctus gen. nov.) supported by strong internal cuticular structures at their bases. Frontal and caudal ala (without procuticular support) present in females. Frontal ala absent in males. Claws of external digits with internal distal notch.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype of Ligiarctus eastwardi Renaud-Mornant, 1982</p> <p>USA • ♂, adult; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.96167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.121666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.96167/lat 34.121666)">Atlantic Ocean</a>: North Carolina; 34°07.3′ N, 75°57.7′ W; depth 400 m; 1974; B.C. Coull and R.P. Higgins; R/V Eastward; fine sand; MNHN AH551.</p> <p>Other material</p> <p>USA • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.123333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.95/lat 34.123333)">Atlantic Ocean</a>, North Carolina; 34°07.4′ N, 75°57.0′ W; depth 439 m; 16 Nov. 1983; R.P. Higgins leg. (RH 1834); R/V Cape Hatteras; NHMD-293914.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Following the exclusion of Ligiarctus alatus (= Higginsarctus alatus gen. et comb. nov.) from Ligiarctus, the genus diagnosis is amended to include only characters exhibited by Ligiarctus eastwardi.</p> <p>The original description of Ligiarctus eastwardi by Renaud-Mornant (1982) included only males. In the present study, we were able to obtain information on female characters of Ligiarctus eastwardi for the first time, from the single female collected at the type locality in 1983. The specimen is clearly an adult female with evident seminal receptacles and typical female gonopore consisting of a rosette of six cells. The female is 161 µm long from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the body. The body is ovoid, being broadest (81 µm) at the level between the second and third pair of legs. The primary clava is 53 µm long and slightly curved. Secondary clavae are not recognizable. A small frontal ala is evident, extending between the internal cirri. The caudal ala is disc-shaped without any procuticular support.</p> <p>Comparing the female specimen to the holotypic male, strong secondary sexual dimorphism is indicated by body size, clava length and by the presence of a frontal ala in females. The male is much smaller (109 µm) than the female (161 µm), and the primary clavae proportionally much longer (52 µm).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2678D5797B56FFC5FEFEF8AF936673BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jesper G.;Kristensen, Reinhardt M.	Hansen, Jesper G., Kristensen, Reinhardt M. (2021): A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 149-184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
