taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	description	urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 77219129 - 1 Figs 1 – 3	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Polygala bringelii sp. nov. is similar to P. trichosperma Jacq. but differs from it by the obclavate seeds without a ring of trichomes at the base, keel with a crest shorter than the cuculus, and internal sepals (wings) longer than the capsule (vs conical seeds with a ring of trichomes at the base, keel with the crest and cuculus almost the same length and internal sepals shorter than or subequal the length of capsules in P. trichosperma).	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet honors Dr João Bernardo de Azevedo Bringel Junior, a prominent Brazilian synanterologist and connoisseur of the Cerrado flora. During his career at the University of Brasília and the CENARGEN he has made numerous collecting expeditions in that domain and collected one of the paratypes of this new species.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type BRAZIL – Tocantins • Mateiros, Próximo a Fazenda Lua Cheia, acessado pela antiga estrada São Felix Mateiros; 10 ° 32 ′ 02.8 ″ S, 46 ° 27 ′ 43.4 ″ W; 543 m alt.; 24 Jan. 2014; " G. M. Antar et L. F. Nascimento 380; holotype: CTBS [n. 3715], isotype: SPF [SPF 00220131] ". Paratypes BRAZIL – Tocantins • Mateiros, Parque Estadual do Jalapão, estrada de terra Mateiros-Ponte Alta do Tocantins, a 15 km de Mateiros; 10 º 35 ′ 19 ″ S, 46 º 31 ′ 42 ″ W; 14 Jun. 2002; T. B. Cavalcanti et al. 2747; CEN [CEN 00053241], CTBS [n. 341] • Parque Estadual do Jalapão, Mumbuca, brejo do Antônio, local de extração de Capim Dourado; 10 º 22 ′ 17 ″ S, 46 º 34 ′ 58 ″ W; 17 Jun. 2002; T. B. Cavalcanti et al. 2890; CEN [CEN 00053271], CTBS [n. 335] • Área de implementação do centro de recepção de visitantes do PEJ; 10 º 34 ′ 35.6 ″ S, 46 º 30 ′ 25.9 ″ W; 24 May 2003; E. R. Santos et al. 939; HTO • Parque Estadual do Jalapão, brejo dos veados, próximo a pequeno morro; 8 Aug. 2006; M. Watanabe, P. T. Sano and M. L. O. Trovó 22; CTBS [n. 3724], SPF [SPF 00222919] • Jalapão, estrada para o local popularmente conhecido como Varjão; 10 º 24 ′ 32.3 ″ S, 46 º 39 ′ 11.9 ″ W; 430 m alt.; 6 Aug. 2013; G. M. Antar and P. T. Sano 233; SPF [SPF 00220129] • Parque Estadual do Jalapão, Próximo a Fazenda Lua Cheia, acessado pela antiga estrada São Felix Mateiros; 10 ° 32 ′ 02.8 ″ S, 46 ° 27 ′ 43.4 ″ W; 543 m alt.; 20 Jan. 2014; G. M. Antar and L. F. Nascimento 346; SPF [SPF 00220130] • Parque Estadual do Jalapão, margens da TO- 255; 10 º 36 ′ 15.1 ″ S, 46 º 35 ′ 43.3 ″ W; 2 Jul. 2014; J. A. Lombardi et al. 10344; HRCB [n. 63162], UPCB • Ponte Alta do Tocantins, Cachoeira da Velha; 29 May 2008; J. M. Silva et al. 6869; CTBS [n. 2533], MBM [n. 343560], SPF [SPF 00230507] • estrada de terra de Ponte Alta do Tocantins a Mateiros, 58.6 km de Ponte Alta; 10 º 26 ′ 21 ″ S, 47 º 08 ′ 49 ″ W; 27 Mar. 2011; J. B. Bringel and H. J. C. Moreira 729; UB.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	description	Description Erect herbs 20 – 40 cm tall; roots rigid; single to multiple stems arising from the base, branching from the base to the apex, cylindrical, green, without yellowish glands, densely puberulous, trichomes short-clavate. Leaves all alternate, subsessile, chartaceous, laminas (0.6 –) 0.8 – 1 × 0.08 – 0.1 cm, linear, apex acute, margins revolute, base acute, densely covered by small glandular trichomes on both sides. Racemes congested to shortly elongated 1.2 – 1.9 × 0.8 – 1 cm, up to 3.3 cm long after capsules have fallen; bracts 1.2 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, not ciliate, without yellowish glands, deciduous before anthesis, ca 2 times as long as the bracteoles; bracteoles elliptic, not ciliate; pedicel 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Flowers yellow, cream or whitish, 5.4 – 5.5 mm long (without pedicel); outer sepals not ciliate, with yellow glands; lower outer sepals 1.5 × 0.6 mm, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse; upper outer sepals 1.4 – 1.5 × 0.6 – 0.7 mm, elliptic, apex rounded or slightly retuse; inner sepals (wings) 4.5 × 2.2 mm, elliptic, apex acute, margins not ciliate, longer than the mature fruits, without yellow glands; lateral petals 4.1 × 1 mm; keel ca 3.5 mm long, cristate, with yellow glands around the dorsal central vein, deciduous on mature fruits; crest 4 – 6 - lobed; central lobes often bi-lobed to apex, style 1.5 mm long, erect, terminated by an oblique cymbiform pre-stigmatic cavity, posterior extremity with a conspicuously crested appendage with abundant trichomes and an anterior globose stigma. Capsules 3.5 × 1.7 mm, subovate, bearing a double line of orange glands close to the central nervure, style deciduous in fruit; seeds ca 2.5 × 1 – 1.1 mm, obclavate, pubescent, trichomes 0.1 – 0.2 mm long, without a ring of trichomes at the base of the seed, with two caruncular appendages 1.5 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm reaching approximately ½ of the seed length.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, and phenology Polygala bringelii sp. nov. is endemic to the Jalapão region, Tocantins State, occurring in open natural grasslands with scattered shrubs (campo sujo and campo cerrado), occasionally near rocky outcrops, on sandy dry soils at altitudes of 350 to 550 meters in the municipalities of Mateiros and Ponte Alta do Tocantins (Fig. 2). Found fertile in January and from May to August.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status The estimated Area of Occupancy, with just 36 km ², is low; the estimated Extent of Occurrence is 1469.542 km ². The species is currently known from ten collections, with most located inside the protected area of the Parque Estadual do Jalapão. Nominally protected, these areas are still subjected to uncontrolled anthropic fires, though recently diminished in number due to a new fire management program (Schmidt e t al. 2018). Nearby areas, mostly in western Bahia State, have already been converted to agricultural use (Borges & Antar 2016), which is expanding towards the Jalapão with governmental incentives (Antar et al. 2018; Barbosa-Silva & Antar 2020). Although still regarded as data deficient, due to the precarious state of conservation of its suitable habitats, the species should be assessed as Endangered EN B 1 ab (i, ii, iii) + 2 ab (i, ii, iii) (IUCN 2012).	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC401605AFE71CDC19B4EFDC6.taxon	discussion	Notes Morphologically, Polygala bringelii sp. nov. is most closely related to P. trichosperma, with both species sharing the oblong-elliptic capsules with yellow glands along the mid-vein and linear leaves. However, P. bringelii sp. nov. differs from P. trichorperma in the characters discussed in the diagnosis. Also, this new species is seemingly similar to Polygala tocantinensis sp. nov. (the other new species here described), both of them share similar sepals and yellowish flowers, differing mainly by the seed indument, with a ring of long trichomes at the seed base (vs seed without a ring of trichomes at the base in P. bringelii sp. nov.) and the keel crest in P. tocantinensis sp. nov. is much more developed (ca twice the size) than in P. bringelii sp. nov.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	description	urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 77219130 - 1 Figs 4 – 6	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Polygala tocantinensis sp. nov. is similar to P. trichosperma but differs from it by its internal sepals (wings) with two glands near the rounded apex, and convergent ring of trichomes at the base of the seed (vs internal sepals without glands and with acute apex, and divergent ring of trichomes at the base of the seed in P. trichosperma).	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is a reference to Tocantins State where the species is endemic. Two phytogeographic domains of the state, the Amazon and the Cerrado, are known for large areas of vegetation in a good conservation status. Even though new species from Tocantins are being continuously described (e. g., Araújo et al. 2016; Moreira et al. 2017; Barbosa-Silva & Antar 2020; Silva et al. 2020), the flora of the state is relatively poorly known (BFG 2015) and more collecting efforts are in order.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type BRAZIL – Tocantins • Dianópolis, Garganta, campo rupestre, 26 May 2008; fl.; J. M. Silva, J. Cordeiro and J. Vaz 6769; holotype: CTBS [n. 2532], isotype: MBM [MBM 341152]. Paratypes BRAZIL – Tocantins • Mateiros. Parque Estadual do Jalapão, Estrada entre Mateiros e povoado de Mumbuca; 10 May 2011; E. Barbosa, J. Cordeiro and J. M. Silva 3231; CTBS [n. 2553], MBM, SPF [SPF 00230503] • Estrada Mateiros-São Félix do Tocantins, aproximadamente 9 km de Mateiros, elevação à direita da estrada; 10 º 28 ′ 21.8 ″ S, 46 º 27 ′ 14.9 ″ W; 603 m alt.; 20 Sep. 2012; L. M. Borges et al. 855; SPF [SPF 00211698] • Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, estrada central que corta a estação ecológica ao meio; 10 º 59 ′ 30.5 ″ S, 46 º 44 ′ 10.6 ″ W; 598 m alt.; 31 Jan. 2015; G. M. Antar, H. P. Antar and U. R. Chagas 737; SPF [SPF 00220126].	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	description	Description Herbs 20 – 50 cm tall; roots lignose, not fleshy; stems erect, branched mostly near the apex, ± angulate, deeply costate, glabrous, green, without yellowish glands. Leaves all alternate, subsessile, chartaceous, mostly restricted to the base of stems, ocasionally nearly absent, laminas 3.2 – 5.2 × 0.4 – 0.6 mm, linear, apex acute, base acute, glabrous, margins plain. Racemes congested, 0.7 – 1.2 × 1 – 1.2 cm, up to 2.2 cm long after capsules have fallen, flowers congested; bracts 0.9 – 1.1 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, apex cute, notciliate, without glands, deciduous before anthesis, ca. 1.5 times as longer as bracteoles; bracteoles ca 0.7 mm long, elliptic, not ciliate; pedicel 1.2 – 1.6 mm long, glabrous. Flowers lilac, purple or pinkish, 4.5 – 5.3 mm long (without pedicel); outer sepals not ciliate, with orange glands; lower outer sepals 1.5 – 1.9 × 0.6 – 0.8 mm, elliptic to ovate, apex acute; upper outer sepals 1.9 – 2.2 × 1 – 1.1 mm, elliptic, with orange glands at the base, apex obtuse; inner sepals (wings) 3.9 – 4.6 × 2.3 – 2.7 mm, elliptic, apex obtuse, margins not ciliate, longer than the mature fruits, with orange glands at the base and apex; lateral petals 4.1 – 4.2 × 0.9 – 1.2 mm; keel ca 3.1 – 3.2 mm long, cristate, with yellow glands around the dorsal central vein, deciduous on mature fruits; crest 4 – 6 - lobed; central lobes often 2 - or 3 - lobed at apex; style 1.5 – 1.6 mm long, erect, terminated by an oblique cymbiform pre-stigmatic cavity, posterior extremity with a conspicuously crested appendage with abundant trichomes and an anterior globose stigma. Capsules 3.3 – 3.5 × 2.2 – 2.3 mm, subovate, bearing a double line of orange glands (according to Fig. 4) close to the central nerve, style deciduous in fruit; seeds 2.3 – 2.5 × 0.9 – 1.0 mm, subconical to obclavate, pubescent, trichomes ca 0.3 mm long, ring of trichomes at the base of the seed to 0.7 mm; caruncular appendages 1.1 – 1.2 × 0.1 – 0.2 mm reaching approximately ½ the seed length.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, and phenology Polygala tocantinensis sp. nov. grows in open natural grasslands with scattered shrubs (campo sujo), occasionally near rocky outcrops, on sandy dry soils, sometimes recently burned, at altitudes of 410 to 820 meters alt., in the Tocantins municipalities of Dianópolis and Mateiros (Fig. 5). Although considered for now endemic to Tocantins State, Polygala tocantinensis sp. nov. may also occur in the municipality of Formosa do Rio Preto, Bahia State, as the type collection was made at the division between the two states. Future collecting efforts in a similar physiognomy in Bahia State may prove successful for finding new populations of P. tocantinensis sp. nov.	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status The estimated Area of Occupancy, with just 16 km ², is low; the estimated Extent of Occurrence is 1831.048 km ². This species is known from only four collections in four different localities, with two of these located inside the protected areas of the Parque Estadual do Jalapão and Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins. As is the case with Polygala bringelii sp. nov., these areas are still subjected to uncontrolled anthropogenic fires and are been rapidly converted to agricultural use. Although still regarded as data deficient, due to the precarious state of conservation of its suitable habitats, the species should be assessed as Endangered EN B 1 ab (i, ii, iii) + 2 ab (i, ii, iii) (IUCN 2012).	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
03D2878DC407605BFE55CC4E9838F8FC.taxon	discussion	Notes Morphologically, Polygala tocantinensis sp. nov. is most closely related to P. trichosperma, with both species sharing the oblong-elliptic capsules with yellow or orange glands along the mid vein and linear leaves. However, P. tocantinensis sp. nov. differs from P. trichorperma in the characters discussed in the diagnosis. This new species is also superficially similar to Polygala bringelii sp. nov. (see comments above).	en	Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros (2021): Two new endangered species of Polygala series Trichospermae (Polygalaceae), endemic to the Cerrado domain, Tocantins State, Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 762: 133-148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1459
