identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D487ADFFB0FFDC9635FDA9A108FC07.text	03D487ADFFB0FFDC9635FDA9A108FC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerobelum Verhoeff 1924	<div><p>Genus Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Sphaerobelum clavigerum Verhoeff, 1924, from Vietnam.</p> <p>Other taxa included</p> <p>18 species including the one described below (Semenyuk et al. 2018, 2020; Wesener 2019; Zhao et al. 2020).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, China.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487ADFFB0FFDC9635FDA9A108FC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rosenmejer, Trine;Enghoff, Henrik;Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Rosenmejer, Trine, Enghoff, Henrik, Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2021): Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 108-132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457, URL: http://zoobank.org/253b791f-78ff-42ac-8047-e92449ba4e47
03D487ADFFB0FFDC965BFE3EA03CFDC8.text	03D487ADFFB0FFDC965BFE3EA03CFDC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephroniidae Gray 1843	<div><p>Family Zephroniidae Gray, 1843</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>See Wesener (2016a) for a catalogue of the family.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487ADFFB0FFDC965BFE3EA03CFDC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rosenmejer, Trine;Enghoff, Henrik;Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Rosenmejer, Trine, Enghoff, Henrik, Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2021): Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 108-132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457, URL: http://zoobank.org/253b791f-78ff-42ac-8047-e92449ba4e47
03D487ADFFB0FFD695C3FC75A1CEFDC7.text	03D487ADFFB0FFD695C3FC75A1CEFDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerobelum aesculus Rosenmejer & Enghoff & Moritz & Wesener 2021	<div><p>Sphaerobelum aesculus Rosenmejer &amp; Wesener sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84D3714E-5CF8-4063-8A4D-40BF8CBEBFB0</p> <p>Figs 2A, 3–5, 6A</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Differs from all other species of the genus Sphaerobelum in the shape of the posterior telopod, where there is a swelling at the tip of the immovable finger, but the swelling does not extend above the margin (Fig. 5B arrow). Such a swelling is currently unknown from any other giant pill-millipede species.</p> <p>Derivatio nominis</p> <p>Named after the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum L., for the resemblance of the rolled-up female to a horse chestnut. Noun in apposition.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype THAILAND • ♂; Phuket Island, Forest in Kathu district; 14 Feb.1989. M. Andersen and A.R. Rasmussen leg.; in and under old logs; NHMD 621693.</p> <p>Other material</p> <p>THAILAND • 1 ♀; Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.6688&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.723666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.6688/lat 8.723666)">Khao Luang NP</a>; 8°43′25.2″ N, 99°40′7.7″ E, 355 m a.s.l.; 10–12 Oct. 2003; ATOL Expedition 2003 leg.; NHMD 621694.</p> <p>Description (based on holotype)</p> <p>SIZE. Length 23.8 mm. Width of thoracic shield 10.5 mm, of widest segment (9) 11.1 mm. Height of thoracic shield 6.2 mm, Height of highest segment (7) 7 mm.</p> <p>COLOUR. Head, antenna, legs and tergites golden light brown. Posterior margin of tergites and paratergite tips medium brown. Anal shield medially brown, with lighter colour at edges (Fig. 2A). HEAD. Number of ommatidia 55. Antennae (Fig. 3A–C): Antennomere lengths: 6&gt;1&gt;2=3=4=5. Antennae short, barely reaching first leg pair. Sixth antennomere apically slightly swollen (Fig. 3A), number of apical cones 52/56 (Fig. 3B). Mandible: not dissected. Gnathochilarium: lingual lamella with numerous long setae, medially glabrous.</p> <p>COLLUM. With few setae spread thinly along borders.</p> <p>THORACIC SHIELD. Thoracic shield grooves wide and deep, with 3 sclerotized ledges along inner ridge.</p> <p>TERGITES. Paratergite tips on posterior half projecting backwards. Tergites glabrous with dull leather-like surface (Fig. 3D–E). At high magnification tiny setae become visible.</p> <p>ENDOTERGUM (Fig. 6A). With a regular flat margin. Outer zone with two rows of irregular</p> <p>MARGINAL SETAE. Not extending beyond posterior margin, but reaching ⅔ of the outer area. Anterior part of marginal ridge flat. Intersegmental membrane smooth, without cones and with a row of setae with large glabrous gaps.</p> <p>FIRST STIGMATIC PLATE (Fig. 4A). With a well-rounded apex.</p> <p>PLEURITES. Pleurite 1 projecting posteriorly with sharp apex. Pleurite 2 with rounded apex projecting slightly.</p> <p>LEGS. Ventral spines on leg 1 4/4, on leg 2 3/5, on leg 3 3/4. Apical spine absent on leg 3. Three apical and 4 or 5 ventral spines on midbody legs (Fig. 4C). Inner margin of femur with 8–12 small teeth, but not excavated. Femur 2, tarsus 4 times as long as wide.</p> <p>ANAL SHIELD. Well-rounded and glabrous. Ventral side with a single small locking carina, placed ⅓ from pleurite.</p> <p>MALE GONOPORE. Located at mesal margin of coxa (Fig. 4B), large, covered by a membranous plate.</p> <p>ANTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 4D–F). Podomere 1 rectangular, as long as wide, covered with setae anteriorly, with extra long setae medially, and posteriorly glabrous. Podomere 2 with long immovable finger visible laterally in anterior view. Finger curving inwards against podomere 3. Podomere 3 cylindrical twice as long as wide. Suture between podomere 3 and 4 barely visible in posterior and lateral views. Podomere 4 very short, just ¼ of length of podomere 3, with one short and dark spine on apex.</p> <p>POSTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 5A–B). Podomere 1 as long as wide, covered in setae anteriorly, and nearly glabrous posteriorly. Podomere 2 with wide immovable finger. Immovable finger straight, only slightly tapering towards apex, bearing an oval membranous spot on posterior side. The membrane between podomere 2 and 3 with single membranous lobe, angled. Podomere 3 with sparse setation. Podomere 3 ca 3 times longer than wide, towards immovable finger with membranous ledge, a single spine, posterior side with row of 9 or 10 crenulated teeth. Podomere 4 short, straight, ca 2.5 times as long as wide, with a short membranous ledge and 2 spines towards immovable finger.</p> <p>Female from Khao Luang NP Length 45 mm. Width of thoracic shield 23 mm, of widest segment (9) 24.6 mm. Height of thoracic</p> <p>shield 12.6 mm, of highest segment (8) 15.2 mm.Antennae reaching leg pair 2. Apical cones on antennae 43/34. Subanal plate well rounded. Vulvae (Fig. 5C): small, with a narrow operculum (Op), only reaching bottom part of prefemur. External lateral plate (EP) and inner mesal plate (IP) almost completely fused.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>If the female from Khao Luang (Fig. 2A) is indeed conspecific with the male holotype, the species appears to have a wide area of distribution stretching from Phuket Island at least 160 km to the east (Fig. 2). Unpublished data from a larger inventory project (see, e.g., Wesener et al. 2021) of giant pill-millipedes in the surroundings of Krabi, half way between Phuket Island and Khao Luang, did not recover this species among the numerous specimens, hinting at a patchy distribution and specific microhabitat requirements of S. aesculus sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487ADFFB0FFD695C3FC75A1CEFDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rosenmejer, Trine;Enghoff, Henrik;Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Rosenmejer, Trine, Enghoff, Henrik, Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2021): Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 108-132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457, URL: http://zoobank.org/253b791f-78ff-42ac-8047-e92449ba4e47
03D487ADFFBAFFD69664FDB5A2A4FB8C.text	03D487ADFFBAFFD69664FDB5A2A4FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia Gray 1832	<div><p>Genus Zephronia Gray, 1832</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Zephronia ovalis Gray, 1832.</p> <p>Other taxa included</p> <p>44 species, including the one described below (Wesener 2016a, 2019; Semenyuk et al. 2018, 2020).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, with a few species also in SE Asia.</p> <p>Remark</p> <p>Likhitrakarn et al. (2021) provided an updated diagnosis of this genus including the presence of several apical tarsal spines. The new species described here necessitates a slight modification, as it has only one apical tarsal spine.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487ADFFBAFFD69664FDB5A2A4FB8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rosenmejer, Trine;Enghoff, Henrik;Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Rosenmejer, Trine, Enghoff, Henrik, Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2021): Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 108-132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457, URL: http://zoobank.org/253b791f-78ff-42ac-8047-e92449ba4e47
03D487ADFFBBFFC995D0FE94A7A3FE0B.text	03D487ADFFBBFFC995D0FE94A7A3FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer & Enghoff & Moritz & Wesener 2021	<div><p>Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer &amp; Wesener sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 272E06C8-2DE5-4722-A7D5-D85002D68424</p> <p>Figs 2B, 6B – 12</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Posterior telopod typical for the genus, not differing from those of other Zephronia species. Small (25– 28 mm long) green species (Fig. 2B), surface appearing glabrous, dull, with a single medium sized locking carina at the anal shield and a strongly projecting pleurite 1 (Fig. 9A). One of the few Zephronia species with just a single apical spine on the legs (Fig. 9B), differing in this character from all other described Thai Zephronia species which have 2–5 apical tarsal spines. Male antennomere 6 swollen (Fig. 7A) but not axe-shaped, with &lt;50 apical cones. Endotergum with three dense rows of long marginal setae (Fig. 6B). Palpi of gnathochilarium with sensory cones arranged in clusters (Fig. 8C–D). Anterior telopod podomere 3 with an elevated process at posterior side carrying sclerotized teeth. Podomere 4 short and narrow.</p> <p>Derivatio nominis</p> <p>Named after the overall green colour of living individuals of the species, noun in apposition.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype THAILAND • ♂; Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Sichon District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.79&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.051667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.79/lat 9.051667)">Khao Lark Waterfall</a>; 9°03′6″ N, 99°47′24″ E; 25 Aug. 2007; Chulalongkorn University expedition of millipede workshop leg.; dense jungle on limestone; NHMD 621695.</p> <p>Paratypes THAILAND • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMD 621696 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK MYR8786 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CT scan voucher; ZFMK MYR8787.</p> <p>Description (based on holotype)</p> <p>SIZE. Length 25.6 mm. Width of thoracic shield 12.1 mm, of widest segment (8) 13 mm. Height of thoracic shield 7.1 mm, of highest segment (8) 7.7 mm.</p> <p>COLOUR. Head medium brown, faded from green. Antennae medium brown. Legs medium brown, tarsal claws apically dark brown. Tergites light brown, faded green medially, with darker brown posterior margin. Paratergite tips medium brown with darker edges. Anal shield dark green, edges faded to brown (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>HEAD (Fig. 7A–C). Number of ommatidia 50 (Fig. 7B). Organ of Tömösváry placed midway between ocelli and antennal groove (Fig. 7A), with its typical coral-like inner structure (Fig. 7C).</p> <p>ANTENNAE (Fig.7A,D). Reaching leg pair3,6visible antennomeres.Antennomere lengths:6&gt;1&gt;2=3&gt;4=5. Antennomere 6 apically swollen, number of apical cones 32/44.</p> <p>EPIPHARYNX (Fig. 8A). With an extraordinarily large inner tooth.</p> <p>MANDIBLE (Fig. 8E–F). Inner tooth 3-cusped. Pectinate lamellae with 6 or 7 rows of teeth. Condylus at anterior margin with two ridges.</p> <p>GNATHOCHILARIUM (Fig. 8B–D). Lamellae linguales with numerous long setae, medially glabrous. Stipes and mentum with numerous long setae in a regular patter. Sensory cones on gnathochilarium palps in clusters (Fig. 8D).</p> <p>COLLUM. With short setation, evenly distributed across surface.</p> <p>THORACIC SHIELD. Thoracic shield grooves wide and deep, with 9 sclerotized ledges along inner ridge of grooves.</p> <p>TERGITES (Fig. 9D). Tergites glabrous, with dull orange skin like surface. At high magnification tiny setae and knobs become visible. Paratergite tips on posterior half projecting backwards (Fig. 12A–B).</p> <p>ENDOTERGUM (Fig. 6B). With a regular flat margin. Outer zone with three dense rows of irregular marginal setae, some of them extending beyond posterior margin. A single row of rounded cuticular impressions present next to marginal ridge. Intersegmental membrane smooth, without cones and with very few setae.</p> <p>STIGMATIC PLATE (Fig. 10A). First plate with a rounded sub-triangular apex. More posterior plates similar to those of other representatives of the family, half-covered by the pleurites (Fig. 12C).</p> <p>PLEURITES (Figs 9A, 12D). Pleurite 1 projecting strongly, with sharp apex. Pleurite 2 projecting slightly less than 1 and with more rounded apex (Fig. 12D). Projection absent from pleurite 3 (Fig. 12D).</p> <p>LEGS. Ventral spines on leg 1 1/1, on leg 2 3/2, on leg 3 4/4. Apical spine on leg 3 absent. A single apical spine and 5 or 6 ventral spines on midbody legs (Fig. 9B). Femur regularly shaped, 2.2 times longer than wide, sclerotized ledge of medium length, inner margin apically with 5 or 6 small rounded triangular spines on ventral side (Fig. 9B–C). Tarsus 4.2 times longer than wide.</p> <p>ANAL SHIELD. Well-rounded and glabrous. Ventral side with dark coloured. A medium-sized locking carina placed slightly closer to pleurite than margin (Fig. 12D).</p> <p>MALE GONOPORE (Fig. 10B). Inconspicuous, consisting of large membranous opening located directly at mesal margin.</p> <p>ANTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 10C–E). With long setae medially on the first 2 podomeres, covering posterior part on podomere 2. Podomere 1 rectangular, as long as wide. Podomere 2 in anterior view as wide as but slightly narrower than podomere 1. Immovable finger barely visible in anterior view (Fig. 10D), short, not protruding up to podomere 4 (Fig. 10C). Podomere 3 long and wide, with rounded projection on posterior side, bearing 3 crenulated teeth. Podomere 4 very narrow and short, with 3 large spines near apex, and a smaller spine near edge to podomere 3.</p> <p>POSTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 10F–G). Podomere 2 setose, immovable finger straight, apically tapering, with rows of small circular sclerotized spots. Membranous lobe between podomere 3 and 4 bearing 2 elongated processes, fused at base. Podomere 3 with 8 or 9 small crenulated teeth on posterior side. Membranous lobe on podomere 3 with single spine. Podomere 4 slightly curved towards immovable finger, membranous lobe with 2 spines. Setation on podomere 2 primarily on anterior side.</p> <p>Description of female paratype</p> <p>Length 25.6 mm. Width of thoracic shield 12.3 mm, of widest tergite (8) 13.7 mm. Height of thoracic shield: 8.4 mm, of highest tergite (8) 9.3 mm. Antennae reaching leg pair 3. Apical cones left/right:</p> <p>25/25. Subanal plate well rounded. Vulvae (Fig. 11): with a large pointed operculum (Op). External lateral plate (EP) and inner mesal plate (IP) fused at bottom.</p> <p>Another female paratype was used for microcomputed tomography. The resulting volume rendering is shown in Fig. 12. While this approach revaled no significant additional details it serves to illustrate morphology of the specimen in an excellent way, much better than any photograph.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487ADFFBBFFC995D0FE94A7A3FE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rosenmejer, Trine;Enghoff, Henrik;Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Rosenmejer, Trine, Enghoff, Henrik, Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2021): Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 762 (1): 108-132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457, URL: http://zoobank.org/253b791f-78ff-42ac-8047-e92449ba4e47
