taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Martensikara jocheni spec. nov.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honour of Jochen Martens on the occasion of his 80 th birthday. The generic name is a combination of the family name “ Martens ” and the Malagasy word for Madagascar “ Repoblikan’i Madagasikara ”. The gender is feminine.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Martensikara gen. nov. may be distinguished from all other Heteropodinae by the following combination of characters: 1. Tibiae I – II with 5 – 7 pairs of ventral spines (usually 3 pairs; Spariolenus Simon, 1880 with 5 pairs, Berlandia Lessert, 1921 with 9 – 10 pairs, but both genera with posterior eye row distinctly recurved). 2. Chelicerae with 4 escort setae sensu Ramirez (2014) (all other Heteropodinae with 1 escort seta). 3. Posterior eye row straight to slightly procurved (other Heteropodinae with posterior eye row recurved). 4. Chelicerae with more than 4 retromarginal teeth as in Thunberga Jäger, 2020 a, Platnickopoda Jäger, 2020 b, or the South American Anaptomecus Simon, 1903 b (distinguished from these by points 1 – 2 of this diagnosis). 5. Unique pattern of transverse stripes and chevrons on the dorsal side of the opisthosoma (Fig. 10; no such pattern in other Heteropodinae). Notes. Beside the characters mentioned in the diagnosis above, the simple internal duct system of the vulva in combination with the presence of more than two promarginal cheliceral teeth is unique within the entire family. Even similarly simple duct systems of e. g. Cebrennus kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), C. tunetanus Simon, 1885 or Olios lucieni Jäger 2020 c (all of them Sparassinae Bertkau, 1872 with 2 promarginal teeth) have glandular appendages or some windings or a generally more structured duct system. The presence of 4 promarginal teeth on the cheliceral furrow is another exceptional character state. If congeners will be found with the same character state, it could serve as a diagnostic character for the genus as well.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4.taxon	description	Description. See description of the type species below. Species included. Only the type species.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F39FF49AC9AFDFEF8E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality of the type species in southern Madagascar (Toliara Province) (Fig. 36: green triangle).	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F3CFF49A865FB54FC5B.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 13, 36	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F3CFF49A865FB54FC5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. MADAGASCAR: Toliara Province: Holotype female, Fort Dauphin, Mt Vasiha [ca S 24 ° 55 ’ 43 ’’, E 46 ° 44 ’ 27 ’’], 400 m elevation, primary forest, in valley, K. Emberton leg. 6.2.1995, 13 a Ken (MRCA 202.868). Paratype. 1 female, with same data as for holotype but: 700 m elevation, primary forest on slope, 5. – 6.2.1995, 11 c Ken, ex MRCA 202.866 (SMF).	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F3CFF49A865FB54FC5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for Jochen Martens to honour his achievements in arachnological research, directly by publishing a vast amount of excellent papers on Opiliones and indirectly through his collecting efforts in Nepal and other parts of the world. The specific epithet is a name in the genitive case.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F3CFF49A865FB54FC5B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small Sparassidae (body length of females: 8.1 – 8.9) with laterigrade legs. The following combination of characters distinguishes females of this species: 1. Median septum of epigyne longer than wide, with anchorshaped transversal bulge. 2. Internal duct system of vulva with transparent pockets touching each other medially; long longitudinal ducts leading to fertilisation ducts only slightly narrowing posteriorly.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F3CFF49A865FB54FC5B.taxon	description	Description. Male: unknown. Female: PL 3.7, PW 3.4, AW 2.2, OL 4.4, OW 2.7. Sternum slightly longer (1.9) than wide (1.8), with 4 pairs of projections at coxae pointing in direction of coxae (Fig. 11). Gnathocoxae distinctly longer (1.12) than wide (0.72), with uniserial serrula in usual position and of normal length (i. e. not reduced as in the genus May Jäger & Krehenwinkel, 2015). Labium length 1.9, width 1.8. Eyes (Fig. 5): eye rows in dorsal view straight to slightly procurved (posterior eyes); median eyes and lateral eyes roughly equal in size (Figs 5, 10). AME 0.21, ALE 0.25, PME 0.23, PLE 0.27, AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.13, PME – PME 0.32, PME – PLE 0.30, AME – PME 0.26, ALE – PLE 0.19, clypeus height at AME 0.32, clypeus height at ALE 0.25. Cheliceral furrow with 4 promarginal and 6 retromarginal teeth plus 17 – 26 intermarginal denticles in patch close to promarginal teeth. Retromargin of chelicerae close to fang base with 4 escort setae (Fig. 6). Spination: palp: 131, 001, 2121, 1013; legs: femur I 223 (2), II 222, III 321, IV 221; patella I – IV 000; tibia I 001 11 (13), II 101 12 (13), III – IV 2024; metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3024. Leg formula 2143. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 4.7 (1.3, 0.7, 1.1, -, 1.6), I 13.0 (3.5, 1.8, 3.6, 3.0, 1.1), II 15.1 (4.2, 1.9, 4.2, 3.6, 1.2), III 11.5 (3.4, 1.5, 3.0, 2.6, 1.0), IV 12.4 (3.6, 1.4, 3.2, 3.1, 1.1). Scopulae on tarsi and metatarsi I – IV sparse. Metatarsus III with single small ventro-distal bristle embedded in scopula; metatarsus IV ventro-distally with three bristles in transversal row and a longitudinal double row of bristles along axis of metatarsus. Trilobate membrane with moderately distinct median hook and lateral projections, the latter slightly longer and larger than median hook (Fig. 7). Claw of female palp with 6 secondary teeth, all of them shorter than primary tooth (Fig. 8); leg claws with 10 uniserial teeth and straight to slightly sigmoid dorsal side (Fig. 9). Opisthosoma oval (Fig. 10). Copulatory organ as described in diagnosis (Figs 1 – 4). Epigynal field longer than wide, sub-rectangular, rounded at corners, with one pair of slit sensilla, on one side slightly separated from epigynal field, on the other side included in epigynal field, with anterior bands (i. e. longitudinal muscle attachment field) indistinct and included in epigynal field. Epigynal furrows running in a slightly curved course from anteriorly situated copulatory openings to epigastric furrow. Internal duct system simple, with transparent spermathecal pockets close to copulatory openings, and with slightly oblique, bulged stripes best seen in caudal view. Glandular pores (GP in Fig. 4) present medially in duct system, at base of transparent pocket. Ducts running posteriorly following epigynal furrows; fertilisation ducts distinct, acute, anteriad. Large genital plug covering entire median septum (removed and stored in microvial). Colouration in ethanol (Figs 10 – 13). Yellowish brown. Dorsal shield of prosoma with narrow, marble-like striae and sparse cover of dark setae; fovea distinct; eyes with dark pigment distinctly observable. Chelicerae dark yellowish brown. Legs yellowish brown. Sternum, leg coxae, gnathocoxae light yellowish, labium darker. Opisthosoma greyish, dorsally with 1 pair of patches close to heart region and ca 9 transversal chevrons; ventrally with small patch in front of spinnerets, the latter light yellowish. Dorsal shield of prosoma with a pair of scars (bite marks) in posterior third. Variation. Female paratype with PL 4.2, OL 4.7. Spination: Femur I 223, II 222 (1), III 321, IV 321; tibia I 001 11 (12), II 101 12. Epigyne with smaller genital plug. Colouration slightly darker than in holotype, i. e. prosoma dorsally with lateral margins dark. Dorsal shield of prosoma with three scars (bite marks), a large one on the left side, two smaller ones on the right side, one of them in anterior half.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF827F3CFF49A865FB54FC5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in southern Madagascar (Fig. 36: green triangle). Natural History. Nothing is known so far about the natural history of this species. The spiders examined were collected from primary forests. Bite marks were found on both females so far available and examined. In the genera May and Thunberga these were interpreted as scars made by males during the mating process.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F3CFF49ACF3FB50F91F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Deelemanikara christae spec. nov.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F3CFF49ACF3FB50F91F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honour of Christa Deeleman-Reinhold on the occasion of her 90 th birthday in 2020. The generic name is a combination of the family name “ Deeleman ” and the Malagasy word for Madagascar “ Repoblikan’i Madagasikara ”. The gender is feminine.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F3CFF49ACF3FB50F91F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deelemanikara gen. nov. can be recognised by the following combination of characters: 1. Epigyne with anterior pocket (Figs 14, 23 – 24, 27) situated on a distinct transversal ledge (best seen in lateral view: Fig. 15). 2. Both eye rows slightly procurved (Fig. 18). 3. Cheliceral furrow with 3 promarginal teeth and most intermarginal denticles arranged in a single line (Fig. 19). 4. Leg claws with convex dorsal side.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F3CFF49ACF3FB50F91F.taxon	description	Description. See description of the type species below. Species included. Only the type species.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F3CFF49ACF3FB50F91F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from two localities in central Madagascar (Toamasina and Antananarivo Provinces) (Fig. 36: red circles). Notes. Deelemanikara gen. nov. currently cannot be assigned to any subfamily. It combines characters of Heteropodinae (cheliceral dentition, trilobate membrane, one cheliceral escort seta), Sparassinae (leg tibiae lacking distal pair of ventral spines), Damastes Simon, 1880 (eye arrangement, ventro-distal metatarsal bristles) and Thunberga (anterior epigynal pocket, ventro-distal metatarsal bristles). Moreover, the very variable leg spination (especially on femora) and the convex dorsal margin of leg claws (the latter known in a more extreme form from Prychia L. Koch, 1875; see Jäger 1998) are unique characters that do not fit any of the known subfamilies. Therefore a diagnosis differentiating the new genus from its most closely related taxa cannot be provided.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F30FF49A837FEC4FA1B.taxon	description	Figs 14 – 36	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F30FF49A837FEC4FA1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. MADAGASCAR: Toamasina Province: Holotype female, Beparasy [ca S 19 ° 10 ’ 9 ’’, E 48 ° 1 ’ 25 ’’, 890 m elevation], A. Lambillon leg. February 1968 (MRCA 142.748). Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo Province: 2 females, Antsirabe, J. Gossuin leg. X / XI / 1970 [10.11.1970 or October / November 1970?] (one female MRCA 142.587; other female in SMF).	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F30FF49A837FEC4FA1B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for Christa Deeleman-Reinhold to honour her achievements in arachnological research, directly by publishing a large amount of excellent papers on Araneae, including her seminal book on SE-Asian forest spiders, and indirectly by inspiring generations of arachnologists. The species epithet is a name in the genitive case.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F30FF49A837FEC4FA1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small Sparassidae (body length of females: 5.6 – 8.1) with laterigrade legs. The following combination of characters distinguishes females of this species from those of other Sparassidae (Figs 14 – 17, 23 – 24, 27 – 29): 1. Epigynal field as long as wide, its narrowed anterior part with shallow pocket in its anterior-most part. 2. Copulatory openings small, circular, with first winding of intromittent ducts anteriad. 3. Internal duct system with elongated U-shaped course, left and right part separated from each other by more than their width.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F30FF49A837FEC4FA1B.taxon	description	Description. Male: unknown. Female: PL 3.3, PW 3.2, AW 2.2, OL 3.8, OW 3.0. Sternum wider (1.85) than long (1.6), with 4 pairs of lateral projections pointing in direction of bases of coxae (Fig. 28). Gnathocoxae distinctly longer (1.05) than wide (0.73), with uniserial serrula in usual position and of normal length (i. e. not reduced as in the genus May). Labium length 0.4, width 069. Eyes (Figs 18, 30, 32, 34): both eye rows slightly procurved in dorsal view; median eyes and lateral eyes roughly equally large; lateral eyes on small humps. AME 0.21, ALE 0.251 PME 0.18, PLE 0.20, AME – AME 0.25, AME – ALE 0.30, PME – PME 0.46, PME – PLE 0.40, AME – PME 0.24, ALE – PLE 0.22, clypeus height at AME 0.24, clypeus height at ALE 0.20. Cheliceral furrow with 3 promarginal and 6 retromarginal teeth plus 14 denticles in straight row and 2 additional denticles proximally. Retromargin of cheliceral furrow close to fang base with 1 escort seta (Fig. 19). Spination: palp: 130, 000, 2111, 1013; legs: femur I 1 (2) 13, II 3 (2) 12, III 313 (1), IV 111; patella I – IV 000; tibia I – II 1024, III 2024, IV 1014 (0004); metatarsus I – III 2014, IV 2024. Leg formula 2143. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 4.7 (1.4, 0.6, 1.2, -, 1.5), I 13.7 (3.5, 1.6, 3.6, 3.8, 1.2), II 17.9 (4.6, 1.8, 5.1, 5.0, 1.4), III 10.7 (3.0, 1.3, 2.7, 2.7, 1.0), IV 12.1 (3.5, 1.2, 3.2, 3.1, 1.1). Metatarsus III with a single small ventro-distal bristle embedded in scopula; metatarsus IV with ventro-distal field of 6 bristles and a longitudinal double row of bristles along axis of metatarsus. Scopulae on tarsi and metatarsi thin. Trilobate membrane with moderately distinct median hook and lateral projections, all of same length and similar size (Fig. 20). Claw of female palp with 5 – 6 moderately long teeth (Fig. 21); leg claws with 14 uniserial teeth and distinctly convex dorsal side (Fig. 22). Opisthosoma oval (Figs 30 – 31, 33, 35). Copulatory organ as described in diagnosis (Figs 14 – 17, 23 – 24, 27 – 29). Epigynal field as long as wide, widest part in posterior half, without slit sensilla or distinct lateral bands (muscle attachment fields). Epigynal furrows indistinct, running from epigastric furrow divergingly in direction of copulatory openings; the latter small, circular, with small mating plugs. Median septum with anteriorly situated depression and bulge in posterior half. Internal duct system simple, with copulatory ducts running first anteriorly, with some loops after a U-turn posteriorly towards fertilisation ducts; without recognisable glandular appendages or pores. Colouration in ethanol (Figs 30 – 35). Mostly pale yellowish to white; tibiae I, palpal tarsi, chelicerae and epigyne yellowish brown to brown. Dorsal shield of prosoma with longitudinal fovea, without pattern, striae faintly expressed. Opisthosoma with white guanine crystals all over; ventrally with two posteriorly converging slightly darkened stripes fused in front of spinnerets. Judging from colour of preserved specimens, living spiders may be green to yellow. Variation. Females PL 2.6 – 2.8, OL 2.8 – 3.7. Cheliceral furrow with 5 – 7 retromarginal teeth and 14 – 17 denticles mainly in a single row. Spination: Femur I 1 (2) 12 / 012 (313), II 2 (3) 11 / 1 (0) 10, III 210 / 110, IV 000; tibia II 1014, III 1013 (4), IV 2014 (1004) / 101 (0) 2; metatarsus I 1024 (2014, III 201 (2) 4, IV 2004 / 2014 (1004). Metatarsus III with 2 – 3 small ventro-distal bristles embedded in scopula; metatarsus IV with ventro-distal field of 5 – 6 bristles. Copulatory organ: Epigyne of one female with large, amorphous transversal plug stretching across posterior half of epigyne and covering both copulatory openings; epigyne of other female with no mating plug. Epigyne of one female with less distinct wrinkles close to anterior pocket than in holotype. Copulatory openings circular, with epigynal furrows running from epigastric furrow close to openings. Posterior bulging part of median septum distinctly separated from anterior part by transversal line. Colouration paler than in holotype, with metatarsus I and palpal tarsus not as dark.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
03FECE14FF877F30FF49A837FEC4FA1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from two localities in central Madagascar (Fig. 36: red circles). Natural History. Nothing is so far known about the natural history of this species. The spiders examined were collected from forests at slopes between 400 m and 700 m elevation. The body colouration indicates a foliage-dwelling lifestyle.	en	Jäger, Peter (2021): Two new enigmatic genera of huntsman spiders from Madagascar (Araneae Sparassidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 335-346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.24
