identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
407D4E8119E951E0ABF7A7C9750FEE2F.text	407D4E8119E951E0ABF7A7C9750FEE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon makrisi Vujic, Radenkovic & Tot 2021	<div><p>Merodon makrisi Vujic, Radenkovic &amp; Tot sp. nov.</p> <p>Fig. 7A, B</p> <p>Merodon aff. natans in van Steenis et al. 2019: 139.</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>CYPRUS: Limassol, Platres, Trooditissa Picnic Site, 4 Oct. 2017, X. Mengual leg.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Holotype: 1 ♂, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial with glycerine. Left metaleg glued to the locality label. Original labels: "Cyprus: Limassol, Platres, / Trooditissa Picnic Site, 1340m., / 34.914736°N 32.842261°E, / 4 Oct. 2017. X. Mengual leg.", "DNA voucher specimen / ZFMK, Lab code / D363 / Bonn, Germany", " ZFMK DIP / 00028063 [QR code]". Paratypes: CYPRUS: 1 ♂; Mia Milia; 2 Nov. 1926; S.J. Curry leg.; "Anti Locust Res. Centre Reg. No. 453"; FSUNS ID 04973 (TAUI) 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04965 (TAUI) 1 ♀; Limassol, Eftagonya; 550 m a.s.l.; 25 Oct. 1951; G. Mavromoustakis leg.; KBIN (R.I.Sc.N.B. 24.236) 3 ♂♂; Paramali; 34.6754°N, 32.8043°E; 1 Nov. 2013; C. Makris leg.; AvE coll. 1 ♀; Limassol, Fasouri; 34.63°N, 32.92°E; 9 Nov. 2013; C. Makris leg.; AvE coll. 5 ♂♂; Episkopi; 34.87°N, 32.87°E; 4 Nov. 2014; C. Makris leg.; AvE coll. 1 ♂; Episkopi, Kourion; 34.6699°N, 32.8754°E; 7 Feb. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; collected bulbs of Prospero autumnale (Scilla autumnalis), 1 male emerged 21 Oct. 2016; CEUA 1 ♀; Episkopi; 34.8754°N, 32.8754°E; 30 Oct. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; AvE coll. 2 ♂♂; Lefkara; 34.9026°N, 33.3392°E; 31 Oct. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; on low hanging branches and leaves of carob tree; AvE coll. 1 ♀; Episkopi; 34.8754°N, 32.8754°E; 2 Nov. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; on bare ground, in Pinus brutia / Cistus -vegetation; AvE coll. 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; on the ground, in more open vegetation 1 ♀; Neo Chorio, Akamas; 35.0259°N, 32.3508°E; 200 m a.s.l.; 2 Nov. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; AvE coll. 1 ♂; Kakopetria; 34.9746°N, 32.9132°E; 3 Nov. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; AvE coll. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Agios Sozomenos; 35.0496°N, 33.4406°E; 5 Nov. 2016; C. Makris leg.; AvE coll. 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Lemesos; 34.66°N, 32.87°E; 4 Oct. 2017; C. Makris leg.; near Prospero autumnale; AvE coll. 1 ♂; Limassol, Platres, Trooditissa Picnic Site; 34.9147°N, 32.8422°E; 1340 m a.s.l.; 4 Oct. 2017; X. Mengual leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00028063 (DNA-voucher D363) (ZFMK) in van Steenis et al. (2019) as Merodon aff. natans; 1 ♂; Episkopi, near Ancient Kourion stadium; 34.6709°N, 32.8745°E; 112 m a.s.l.; 7 Oct. 2017; X. Mengual leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00028064 (DNA-voucher D367) (ZFMK) in van Steenis et al. (2019) as Merodon aff. natans; 1 ♀; Paphos, Paphos Forest, Appides stream; 34.9913°N, 32.647°E; 747 m a.s.l.; 6-12 Oct. 2017; X. Mengual leg.; double-head Malaise trap; ZFMK-DIP-00027887 (DNA-voucher D395) (ZFMK) 1 ♂; Kyrenia, Lapithos; 35.3477°N, 33.1504°E; 5 m a.s.l.; 14-28 Oct. 2018; Ö. Özden leg.; Malaise trap in garden; AvE coll.; (Merodon sp. in van Eck et al. (2020b)). - Additional material examined. ISRAEL: 2 ♂♂; Mount Carmel; 32.7430°N, 35.0475°E; 30 Sep. 1971; A. Freidberg leg.; det. W. Hurkmans as Merodon natans; TAUI 1 ♀; Tel Aviv country club; 32.0780°N, 34.8128°E; 16 Nov. 1974; M. Yakubowski leg.; det. W. Hurkmans as Merodon natans; TAUI 12 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Nahal Poleg; 32.2452°N, 34.8580°E; 7 Nov. 1977; M. Kaplan leg.; det. W. Hurkmans as Merodon natans; TAUI 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04892, 04893, 04950, 04951 (TAUI) 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; A. Freidberg leg; TAUI 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04955 (TAUI) 6 ♂♂; Yarhiv; 32.1490°N, 34.9674°E; 3 Nov. 1977; M. Kaplan leg.; det. W. Hurkmans as Merodon natans; TAUI 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04956 (TAUI) 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04894, 04953, 04954 (TAUI) 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; A. Freidberg leg.; FSUNS ID 04952 (TAUI) 1 ♂; Tel Aviv; 32.0780°N, 34.8128°E; 7 Nov. 1977; M. Kaplan leg.; det. W. Hurkmans as Merodon natans; TAUI 1 ♂; Ben-Shemen; 31.9516°N, 34.9353°E; 13 Nov. 1982; Ben-Shahar leg.; TAUI 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Jerusalem; 31.7784N, 35.2080E; 18 Oct. 1988; R. Kasher leg.; det. W. Hurkmans as Merodon natans; TAUI 1 ♂; Ayalon Park Canada; 31.8362°N, 34.9955°E; 4 Nov. 1996; L. Friedman leg.; TAUI 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 04895 (TAUI) 1 ♀; Yakum; 32.2508°N, 34.8383°E; 19 Oct. 1996; Hofman leg.; TAUI. - SOMALIA: 1 ♀; Galgala Oasis; 11.000°N, 49.050°E; 14 Oct. 1973; collected by the Spedizione Biologica in Somalia, 1973; MZUF 1 ♀; plateau between Hongolo and Bur Inaoski; 9.250°N, 50.330°E; 1924; G. Stefanini, N. Puccioni leg.; MZUF.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Morphological features such as a large fossette (Fig. 2E) and golden erect pile on terga in male (Fig. 7A); position of fossette close to base of arista (Fig. 2I:f); and dense white pile on eyes in both sexes separate this species from other species of the Merodon natans group.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes.</p> <p>Merodon makrisi sp. nov. is a medium sized species (9-13 mm). Morphological features such as a longer basoflagellomere (Fig. 2E, F); and broader metafemur (Fig. 4E, F) in both sexes, and large, rounded posterior surstyle lobe (Figs 8A:p, B:p, 10D) of male genitalia, easily separate this species from the related M. calcaratus (in M. calcaratus posterior surstyle lobe narrow, fingerlike (Fig. 5A-G)). Merodon makrisi sp. nov. is very similar to both M. natans and M. pulveris from which males can be distinguished by a set of characters of antenna, shape of the male genitalia and pile on terga and eyes: fossette in M. makrisi sp. nov. large, extending from the base of arista to the apex of basoflagellomere (Fig. 2E) (fossette in M. natans and M. pulveris smaller, never extending to the apex of basoflagellomere (Fig. 2A, C)); posterior surstyle lobe narrower and more elongated (Figs 8A:p, B:p, 10D) (in M. natans and M. pulveris posterior surstyle lobe broader (Fig. 10A-C)); ventral margin of posterior surstyle lobe with distinct triangular prominence (Figs 8A:v, B:v, 10D:v), which is not visible from lateral view in M. natans (Fig. 10A, B); pile on terga longer, erect, predominantly pale, some black adpressed pile may present near posterior margin of terga 2-3 (in M. natans and M. pulveris pile on terga shorter, semi adpressed, black pile present in anterior and posterior part of terga 2-3). Females of M. makrisi sp. nov., M. natans and M. pulveris are very similar, but fossette position is near to the base of arista in M. makrisi sp. nov. (Fig. 2F, I:f) can differentiate this species from M. pulveris and M. natans (Fig. 2B, D, J:f, K:f) (in M. natans and M. pulveris fossette position medially between the base of the arista and apex of basofagellomere).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 7A). Head: Antenna: dark brown; basal part of arista light brown; in some specimens basoflagellomere ventrally light brown; basoflagellomere two times as long as wide with acute apex; large fossette extending from base of arista to apex of basoflagellomere (Fig. 2E); lunule dark brown. Face: Black, white pollinose; covered with long white pile as long as pedicel, except for medial vitta extending from base of antenna to lower part of face without long white pile; ventral part of face and anteroventral part of gena black, shiny; frontal triangle black, white pollinose, covered with dense long white pile as long as pedicel; eyes holoptic, covered with dense white pile; in specimens from Israel and Somalia eyes covered with scarce, white pile as long as scapus; eye contiguity about 10 ommatidia long; vertical triangle isosceles black, shiny except for anterior part to anterior ocellus and posterior part to posterior ocelli white pollinose; vertical triangle covered with long white pile as long as pile on frontal triangle and intermixed black pile on ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput white pollinose covered with white pile as long as pile on vertical triangle. Thorax: Scutum black golden-bronze lustered with five white pollinose vittae; covered with yellow erect pile as long as pile on occiput and short black adpressed pile between transverse suture and scutellum; short black bristles present on area beyond transverse suture and above wing base; scutellum black, covered with long white pile as long as pile on scutum; pleura black, white pollinose; dorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial part of anepimeron with long dense white pile as long as pile on scutum; long white pile on katepisternum broadly separated with bare area between; proepimeron and katatergum with some white pile. Legs: Femora black, yellow only at base and apex, covered with white pile; metafemur swollen with serrated triangular lamina (Fig. 4E); tibiae of pro-, meso- and metaleg reddish-brown, medially darkened, covered with white pile; colour of basitarsomere, second and third tarsomeres of pro-, meso- and metaleg varies from yellow to dark brown; fourth and fifth tarsomeres always darkened - light to dark brown; tarsomeres mainly covered with white pile, intermixed with some black pile. Wing: Hyaline, covered with microtrichia except for some bare areas in first and second basal cells; stigma light yellow; wing veins dark brown, basally yellowish; halter and calypter yellow. Abdomen: Black with golden-bronze luster, slightly tapering; tergum 2 without antero-lateral reddish maculae; terga 2-4 with white pollinose fasciae; pollinose fascia on tergum 2 widely separated; lateral margin of abdomen blackish and white pollinose, posterior margin of terga 3-4 broadly yellowish; terga covered with long golden erect pile as long as pile on mesonotum and some short, black, adpressed pile may be present near posterior margin of terga 2-3; sternum 1 dark brown to blackish; colour of sterna 2-4 varies from dark brown to light brown; sterna covered with long, white, erect pile longer than pile on terga. Male genitalia (Figs 8, 10D): Epandrium (Fig. 8A:a, p, B:a, p): anterior surstyle lobe on inner side oval shaped, covered with dense, short, white pile (Fig. 8A:a, B:a); ventral margin of posterior surstyle lobe with distinct triangular prominence (Figs 8A:v, B:v, 10D:v); cercus square-like, in some specimens rounded (Fig. 8A:c). Hypandrium (Fig. 8C, E): Broad medially (Fig. 8C); aedeagus and associated structures as in Fig. 8D: ae, la, aa, ea, n; lateral sclerite of aedeagus elongate with small protuberance in posteroventral part, covered with short, white dense microtrichia (Fig. 8D: la). - Female (Fig. 7B): Differs from male by normal sexual dimorphism and following characters: colours clearly different on mesoscutum and abdomen, golden luster lacks (Fig. 7A, B); body pilosity distinctly shorter (Fig. 7A, B); fossette smaller, never extending to apex of basoflagellomere (Fig. 2F); frons black, white pollinose except shiny ocellar triangle and medial vitta extending from anterior part of anterior ocellus to lunule; pile on terga shorter and adpressed; terga 3-4 with short black adpressed pile on anterior and posterior parts.</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>The population of Merodon makrisi sp. nov. in Cyprus is characterized by some stable morphological characters: eyes with dense white pile; tergum 2 without anterolateral reddish maculae; lateral margin of abdomen blackish; fasciae on terga smaller and narrower than in mainland specimens of M. makrisi sp. nov. and Autumn generation specimens of M. pulveris, while in specimens from mainland (Israel) these features are variable. The population of M. makrisi nov. from Cyprus shares very similar characteristics of its fasciae with the spring generation of M. pulveris: their smaller and narrower fasciae on terga, medially pointed at least on tergum 3, not reaching the lateral margin of terga are present also in the spring generation of M. pulveris.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The specific epithet is derived from the personal name Makris (a noun in genitive case). The species is dedicated to Christodoulos Makris, who collected the main part of the type series of the new species. He is an excellent observer, ecologist, photographer and author of Cyprus wildlife, insects and plants.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Merodon makrisi sp. nov. is found in Cyprus, Israel and Somalia (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Biology.</p> <p>In Cyprus, this species is commonly found on or near calcareous soils in rocky habitats with bulbs and orchids, around patches with open vegetation (Fig. 7C). Besides Prospero autumnale, flowers and plants such as Narcissus sp., Cistus sp., Colchicum troodi Kotschy, Juniperus sp., Pistacia sp., Asphodelus ramosus L., Drimia aphylla (Forssk.) J.C. Manning &amp; Goldblatt are found here, as well as Pinus brutia Ten. as the dominant tree. The fly is most abundant at lower altitudes up to about 200 m a.s.l., but also found higher up in the mountains. Flies found higher up (740 m a.s.l.), fly around swiftly, and often rest on low vegetation or on the ground. Flower visits have been observed on Prospero autumnale. Flight period is in Autumn (October/November). The puparium was found in Prospero autumnale and described here. On 7 Feb. 2016 bulbs of P. autumnale were collected (Fig. 7C) and reared at ambient temperature. One adult male emerged on 21 Oct. 2016. The puparium remained in the bulb (Fig. 9A, B).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/407D4E8119E951E0ABF7A7C9750FEE2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujic, Ante;Tot, Tamara;Andric, Andrijana;Acanski, Jelena;Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana;Perez-Banon, Celeste;Aracil, Andrea;Veselic, Sanja;Arok, Maja;Mengual, Ximo;van Eck, Andre;Rojo, Santos;Radenkovic, Snezana	Vujic, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Andric, Andrijana, Acanski, Jelena, Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana, Perez-Banon, Celeste, Aracil, Andrea, Veselic, Sanja, Arok, Maja, Mengual, Ximo, van Eck, Andre, Rojo, Santos, Radenkovic, Snezana (2021): Review of the Merodon natans group with description of a new species, a key to the adults of known species of the natans lineage and first descriptions of some preimaginal stages. Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 79: 343-378, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861
74650EE2F31958A8BCA9E9D05610C6E6.text	74650EE2F31958A8BCA9E9D05610C6E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon natans (Fabricius 1794)	<div><p>Merodon natans (Fabricius, 1794)</p> <p>Syrphus natans Fabricius, 1794: 283.</p> <p>Syrphus annulatus Fabricius, 1794: 296. syn. nov.</p> <p>Syrphus melancholicus Fabricius, 1794: 302.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Merodon natans is a medium sized species (8-12 mm), which can be easily distinguished from M. calcaratus by its longer antenna (Fig. 2A, B), broader metafemur in both sexes (Fig. 4A, B) and the large, rounded posterior surstyle lobe of the male genitalia (Fig. 10A, B) (in M. calcaratus posterior surstyle lobe narrow, fingerlike (Fig. 5A-G)). Morphologically it is closely related to M. makrisi sp. nov. and M. pulveris. Males of these species can be distinguished by the structure of the male terminalia: ventral margin of posterior surstyle lobe without visible triangular prominence from lateral view, although present in some specimens, but it is small and visible only from ventral view in M. natans (Fig. 10A, B) (ventral margin of posterior surstyle lobe with clearly visible triangular prominence present in M. makrisi sp. nov. (Figs 8A:v, B:v, 10D:v) and M. pulveris (Fig. 10C:v)). Females of M. natans and M. pulveris are very similar, but the yellow pile, intermixed with some black pile on tarsomeres of proleg in M. natans can differentiate this species from M. pulveris (in M. pulveris tarsomeres of proleg covered with yellow pile only, except in some specimens with a very few black pile on the fifth tarsomere). Females of M. natans and M. makrisi sp. nov. can be separated based on the position of fossette, which is near the base of arista in M. makrisi sp. nov. (Fig. 2E, I:f) (in M. natans fossette position medially between the base of the arista and apex of basofagellomere (Fig. 2B, J:f)).</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Syrphus natans Fabricius: Type locality: Italy. Original Puparium description was based on an unspecified number of specimens. One appropriately labelled type was located in J.C. Fabricius collection (ZMUC), but only a pin without any remaining parts of the specimen is present in the collection (“193.20”). Consequently, we decided to designate a neotype because the type material has been destroyed. Neotype (designated here): ITALY: 1 ♂, Colli Berici, Unknown leg. (DS coll.), genitalia in a separate microvial with glycerine. Both basoflagellomere with arista glued to the locality label. Original labels: "Colli Berici (VI) / Viliaga - Pr. N. 132 / 45.384722°N 11.510000°E / 10-22 Aug. 2011", " Merodon / ♂ / natans / Det. Sommaggio 2011", “AU1861”, “24944”. - Syrphus annulatus Fabricius: Type locality: “Gallia” [France]. Original Puparium description was based on an unspecified number of specimens. Two syntypes were found in J.C. Fabricius collection (ZMUC). Both specimens are partly destroyed, except for the remaining part of thorax and wings. Characters of both specimens match the definition of Merodon natans and we designated one of these specimens with a label as lectotype and the second specimen with a label as paralectotype. Designation of Syrphus annulatus lectotype was based on syntypes deposited in Copenhagen Museum (ZMUC). The syntypes are partly destroyed, but the polinosity and pilosity of the mesoscutum clearly demonstrated that these specimens belong to the Merodon natans group. The synonymy with M. natans is based on distribution (France), where no other species from the M. natans group occur. Lectotype (designated here): FRANCE: sex unknown, original labels: “Gallia”, " annulatus ", "P 198.7 Bosc" [based on remaining body parts sex unclear] (ZMUC). Paralectotype (designated here): FRANCE: sex unknown, original labels: “Gallia”, " annulatus ", "P 198.7 Bosc" [based on remaining body parts sex unclear] (ZMUC). - Syrphus melancholicus Fabricius: Type locality: Italy. Original Puparium description was based on an unspecified number of specimens. One syntype was found in J.C. Fabricius collection (ZMUC). Characters of the syntype match M. natans and it is designated as lectotype. Lectotype (designated here): ITALY: 1 ♂, original labels: " melancholicus ", “245.58” (ZMUC). - Other studied material. Published in Arok et al. (2019); SPAIN: 1 ♂; Soria, Miño de Medinaceli; 28 Aug. 1984; M.A. Marcos-García leg.; published in Marcos-García (1988). - Additional material examined. CROATIA: 1 ♀; Island Cres, env. Cres; 8-10 Sep. 2009; J. Halada leg.; FSUNS ID 25463 (MB coll.) 1 ♀; Nos Kalik, Krka N.P.; 43.8175°N, 15.9913°E; 130 m a.s.l.; 1 Oct. 2017; A. van Eck leg.; AvE coll. - GREECE: 1 ♂; Iraklia, Ageli; 36.8420°N, 25.4609°E; 21 Oct. 2018; J. Gavalas leg.; FSUNS ID 25448 (MAegean) 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 25449 to 25454 (MAegean) 1 ♀; Iraklia, Merichas; 36.8284°N, 25.4686°E; 28 Oct. 2018; J. Gavalas leg.; FSUNS ID 25455 (MAegean) 1 ♀; Crete, Asteri near Skala-Elos; 23-25 Apr. 1956; Brochmann leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076213 (ZFMK) 1 ♀; Crete, Agia Galini, Fourfouras; 9 Oct. 1992; N. Chalwatzis leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076212 (ZFMK) 2 ♂♂; Kefalonia, 1 km W of Fiskardo; 50 m a.s.l.; 5 Oct. 1994; S.M. Blank leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076209, ZFMK-DIP-00076210 (ZFMK) 1 ♂; Kefalonia, 1 km W of Poriarata, near Vlachata; 150 m a.s.l.; 9 Oct. 1994; S.M. Blank leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076206 (ZFMK) 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; ZFMK-DIP-00076207, ZFMK-DIP-00076208 (ZFMK) 1 ♂; 42 km SW of Gythio, Cape Tenaro; 16 Oct. 1994; S.M. Blank leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076211 (ZFMK). - ITALY: 1♀; Sardinia, Siniscola, Pineta; Apr. 1989; M. Hauser leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00069590 (ZFMK). - SERBIA: 1 ♀; Pčinja, Vogance; 42.3451°N, 21.9159°E; 513 m a.s.l.; 11 Sep. 2020; A. Vujić, L. Likov, T. Tot, M. Ranković leg.; on Mentha sp.; FSUNS ID 32714 (FSUNS) 2 ♂♂, Pčinja, Donja Trnica; 42.3840°N, 22.0525°E; 11 Sep. 2020; A. Vujić, L. Likov, T. Tot, M. Ranković leg.; on/near Prospero autumnale; FSUNS ID 32720, 32724 (FSUNS) 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 32721 to 32723 (FSUNS) 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 15 Sep. 2020 a female reared from pupa collected 11 Sep. 2020 in Prospero autumnale bulb by A. Vujić; FSUNS ID 34373 (FSUNS).</p> <p>Redescription.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 11A, C). Head: Antenna: dark brown; basal part of arista light brown; in some specimens basoflagellomere light brown; basoflagellomere two times as long as wide. Face: Black, white pollinose; covered with long white pile as long as pedicel, except for medial vitta extending from base of antenna to lower part of face without long white pile; ventral part of face and anteroventral part of gena black, shiny; frontal triangle black, white pollinose, covered with long white pile as long as pedicel; eyes holoptic, covered with white pile; vertical triangle isosceles black, shiny except for anterior part to anterior ocellus and posterior part to posterior ocelli white pollinose; vertical triangle covered with long white pile as long as pile on frontal triangle and intermixed black pile on ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput black, white pollinose covered with white pile as long as pile on vertical triangle. Thorax: Scutum black, with five white pollinose vittae; covered with white erect pile as long as pile on occiput and short, black adpressed pile on area between transverse suture and scutellum; short black bristles present above wing base; scutellum black, covered with long white pile as long as pile on scutum; pleura black, white pollinose; dorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial part of anepimeron with long, dense white pile as long as pile on scutum; long white pile on katepisternum broadly separated with bare area between; proepimeron and katatergum with some white pile. Legs: Femora black, yellow only at base and apex, covered with white pile, some black pile presented on its apical part; metafemur swollen with serrated triangular lamina (Fig. 4A); tibiae yellow medially darkened, covered with white pile; colour of tarsomere dorsally varies from yellow to dark brown, ventrally yellowish; tarsomeres mainly covered with white pile, intermixed with some black pile. Wing: Hyaline, covered with microtrichia except for some bare areas in first and second basal cells; stigma light yellow; wing veins dark brown, basally yellowish; halter and calypter yellow. Abdomen: Black, slightly tapering; tergum 2 with anterolateral reddish maculae, in some specimens anterolateral reddish maculae on tergum 2 absent; terga 2-4 with white pollinose fasciae; pollinose fasciae on tergum 2 widely separated, on terga 3-4 in some specimens may merge; lateral margin of abdomen blackish covered with white pollinosity, in some specimens lateral margin of abdomen yellowish; posterior margin of terga 3-4 yellowish; terga covered with adpressed black and white pile, shorter than pile on scutum; white pile on lateral margin of abdomen longer than pile on terga; sternum 1 dark brown; colour of sterna 2-4 varies from dark brown to light brown; sterna covered with long, white erect pile longer than pile on terga. Male genitalia: Epandrium (Fig. 10A, B): posterior surstyle lobe rounded, ventral margin of posterior surstyle lobe without visible triangular prominence from lateral view, although it can be present in some specimens, but it is small and visible only from ventral view; anterior surstyle lobe on inner side oval shaped, covered with dense, short white pile. Hypandrium: as in other members of Merodon natans group, hypandrium broaded medially. Female (Fig. 11B, D): Similar to male except for normal sexual dimorphism. Frons black covered with white pollinosity, except for black shiny vitta extending from lunule to anterior ocellus.</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>The posterior surstyle lobe in males of M. natans varies in shape, as in the case of M. calcaratus, but is less distinct. In the Montenegro (Boka Kotorska) population of M. natans and in a single specimen from Spain, the posterior surstyle lobe is narrower (Fig. 10B).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Merodon natans occurs in most countries of southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Greece) and part of western Europe (France) (Fig. 6). According to Marcos-García et al. (2007) and Speight (2020), M. natans is recorded from Israel and the Caucasus. However, the records of M. natans from Israel refer to M. neolydicus Vujić in Vujić et al. (2018b) and M. makrisi sp. nov. described in this paper. We can here anticipate that specimens from the Caucasus will also likely refer to another Merodon species.</p> <p>Biology.</p> <p>Preferred environments are forests with open ground; herb-rich open areas in thermophilous Quercus forest and phrygana with Cistus scrub; also in orchards in southern Europe (Speight 2020). Adults prefer open areas with tall herbs and scrub (Fig. 11A, B, E), within dry woodland; a secretive species, as easily collected by use of Malaise traps as by direct observation (Speight 2020). Flowers visited include: Prospero autumnale (Fig. 11C, D), Foeniculum sp., Mentha sp., Solidago sp., Drimia maritima. The flight period is in Spring (April/May) and Autumn (end August/beginning October). The puparium, described here, is found in the host plant Prospero autumnale in Serbia (Fig. 11C, D).</p> <p>Additional remark.</p> <p>This study revealed that records from Portugal (van Eck 2016) were based on incorrect identifications. At present, M. natans is not confirmed for the Portuguese fauna and should be removed from its checklist.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/74650EE2F31958A8BCA9E9D05610C6E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujic, Ante;Tot, Tamara;Andric, Andrijana;Acanski, Jelena;Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana;Perez-Banon, Celeste;Aracil, Andrea;Veselic, Sanja;Arok, Maja;Mengual, Ximo;van Eck, Andre;Rojo, Santos;Radenkovic, Snezana	Vujic, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Andric, Andrijana, Acanski, Jelena, Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana, Perez-Banon, Celeste, Aracil, Andrea, Veselic, Sanja, Arok, Maja, Mengual, Ximo, van Eck, Andre, Rojo, Santos, Radenkovic, Snezana (2021): Review of the Merodon natans group with description of a new species, a key to the adults of known species of the natans lineage and first descriptions of some preimaginal stages. Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 79: 343-378, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861
49DE2BFA3FB35AE8B1C1C4384F23609F.text	49DE2BFA3FB35AE8B1C1C4384F23609F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon pulveris Vujić & Radenković in Radenković et al. 2011	<div><p>Merodon pulveris Vujic &amp; Radenkovic in Radenkovic et al. 2011</p> <p>Fig. 12A, B</p> <p>Merodon pulveris Vujić &amp; Radenković in Radenković et al. 2011: 41.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Merodon pulveris is a medium sized species (11-12 mm). It can be separated from M. calcaratus by its longer antenna (Fig. 2C, D), broader metafemur in both sexes (Fig. 4C, D) and the large, rounded posterior surstyle lobe (Fig. 10C) of the male genitalia (in M. calcaratus narrow, fingerlike; Fig. 5A-G). Merodon pulveris is closely related to M. natans and M. makrisi sp. nov., but differs by the following characters of the male genitalia: ventral margin of posterior surstyle lobe with distinct triangular prominence (Fig. 10C:v), in M. natans without visible triangular prominence from lateral view (Fig. 10A, B), it can be present in some specimens, but it is small and visible only from ventral view (Fig. 10A, B); posterior surstyle lobe broader and shorter (Fig. 10C), narrower and more elongated in M. makrisi sp. nov. (Figs 8A:p, B:p, 10D). Fossette position medially between the base of the arista and apex of basoflagellomere distinguishes females of this species from M. makrisi sp. nov (in M. makrisi sp. nov position of fossette is near base of arista (Fig. 2I:f)). From M. natans, females of M. pulveris can be separated by the presence of only yellow pile on the proleg tarsomeres, except in some specimens only, where the fifth tarsomere has sparse black pile (in M. natans proleg tarsomeres covered with yellow pile but also with some intermixed black pile).</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>We studied the type material published in Radenković et al. (2011). - Other studied material. Published in Arok et al. (2019); CYPRUS: 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Limassol, Episkopi Ancient Kourion stadium; 34.6708°N, 32.8744°E; 112 m a.s.l; 7 Oct. 2017; J. van Steenis leg.; JvS coll.; published in van Steenis et al. (2019). - Additional material examined. CYPRUS: 2 ♀♀; Limassol, Eftagonya; 550 m a.s.l.; 25 Oct. 1951; G. Mavromoustakis leg.; KBIN (R.I.Sc.N.B. 24.236) 1♂; Limassol, Episkopi, Kourion; 4 Nov. 2016; A. van Eck leg.; FSUNS ID 25390 (FSUNS) 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 25389 (FSUNS) 1 ♀; Pera Pedi; 34.8658°N, 32.8489°E; 881 m a.s.l.; 2 Oct. 2017; X. Mengual leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00028080 (ZFMK) 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 2-7 Oct. 2017; Malaise trap; ZFMK-DIP-00027945 (DNA-voucher D401) (ZFMK) 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ZFMK-DIP-00027945 (DNA-voucher D399) (ZFMK) 1 ♀; same data as for preceding, 8-12 Oct. 2017; ZFMK-DIP-00027916 (DNA-voucher D397) (ZFMK) 1 ♂; Episkopi, near Ancient Kourion stadium, across road; 34.6695°N, 32.8743°E; 106 m a.s.l.; 4 Oct. 2017; C. Makris leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00028071 (ZFMK) 7 ♂♂; Episkopi, near Ancient Kourion stadium; 34.6709°N, 32.87453°E; 112 m a.s.l.; 7 Oct. 2017; X. Mengual leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00027868 (DNA-voucher D394), ZFMK-DIP-00028072 to ZFMK-DIP-00028074, ZFMK-DIP-00028075 (DNA-voucher D365), ZFMK-DIP-00028076, ZFMK-DIP-00028077 (ZFMK) 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; ZFMK-DIP-00028078, ZFMK-DIP-00028079 (ZFMK) 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 10 Oct. 2017; ZFMK-DIP-00027874 (DNA-voucher D396), ZFMK-DIP-00028081 to ZFMK-DIP-00028083 (ZFMK) 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; ZFMK-DIP-00028084, ZFMK-DIP-00028085 (ZFMK) 2 ♀♀; S of Kelefos Bridge, N of Arminou Reservoir; 34.8866°N, 32.7463°E; 460 m. a.s.l.; 11 Oct. 2017; ZFMK-DIP-00028087, ZFMK-DIP-00028086 (ZFMK). - GREECE: 1 ♂; Rhodes, Lindos; 6 Apr. 1971; V.S. van der Goot leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076341 (ZFMK) 1 ♀; Rhodes; 18 Apr. 1970; A.C. Ellis, W.N. Ellis leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00076205 (ZFMK). - TURKEY: 1 ♀; Mugla, University campus; 37.1617°N, 28.3703°E; 720 m a.s.l.; 26 May-26 Jun. 2015; H. Kavak leg.; MT (Malaise trap); FSUNS ID 25366 (MB coll.) 4 ♂♂; Mugla, University campus; 37.1606°N, 28.3697°E; 730 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2015-Apr. 2016; M. Barták, S. Kubik leg.; MT (Malaise trap); FSUNS ID 25367 to 25369, 25371 (MB coll.) 2 ♂♂; Kizilyaka; 37.0225°N, 28.4383°E; 105 m a.s.l.; 27 Apr.-4 May 2016; M. Barták, S. Kubik leg.; FSUNS ID 25363, 25365 (MB coll.) 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 25362, 25364 (MB coll.) 1 ♀; 8km S of Çine, river bank; 37.5428°N, 28.0628°E; 68 m a.s.l.; 29 Apr.-1 May 2016; M. Barták, S. Kubik leg.; SW (Sweeping); FSUNS ID 25370 (MB coll.).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Merodon pulveris inhabits the Anatolian Peninsula, the eastern Mediterranean islands (Lesvos, Samos, Rhodes) and Cyprus, but is absent from southern and western Europe as opposed to M. natans (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Biology.</p> <p>Preferred environments (Fig. 12C) are open areas in Eastern European maquis on limestone near coniferous forests with large populations of its host plant Prospero autumnale (Radenković et al. 2011). Flowers visited include: Foeniculum sp., Prospero autumnale (van Steenis et al. 2019), Drimia aphylla (Fig. 12A). Flight period is in spring (April-May) and autumn (late September/mid October). The larva described here was found in Prospero autumnale on Lesvos island in Greece.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/49DE2BFA3FB35AE8B1C1C4384F23609F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujic, Ante;Tot, Tamara;Andric, Andrijana;Acanski, Jelena;Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana;Perez-Banon, Celeste;Aracil, Andrea;Veselic, Sanja;Arok, Maja;Mengual, Ximo;van Eck, Andre;Rojo, Santos;Radenkovic, Snezana	Vujic, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Andric, Andrijana, Acanski, Jelena, Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana, Perez-Banon, Celeste, Aracil, Andrea, Veselic, Sanja, Arok, Maja, Mengual, Ximo, van Eck, Andre, Rojo, Santos, Radenkovic, Snezana (2021): Review of the Merodon natans group with description of a new species, a key to the adults of known species of the natans lineage and first descriptions of some preimaginal stages. Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 79: 343-378, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861
18168F0E24675991B66C8D1973AD5A82.text	18168F0E24675991B66C8D1973AD5A82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon calcaratus (Fabricius 1794)	<div><p>Merodon calcaratus (Fabricius, 1794)</p> <p>Syrphus calcaratus Fabricius, 1794: 301.</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Merodon calcaratus is a medium sized (8-11 mm) black species. It can be easily distinguished from other members of the M. natans group by its shorter antenna; curved dorsal margin of basoflagellomere; small fossette near apex of basoflagellomere (Fig. 2G, H); narrow metafemur (Fig. 4G, H); black tarsomeres; completely black tergum 2. Narrow, fingerlike posterior surstyle lobe of male genitalia (Fig. 5A-G).</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Holotype: NORTH WEST AFRICA: 1 ♂, original labels: "Zywan Africae", " E. calcaratus ", “type” [red label] in J.C. Fabricius collection (ZMUC) [examined; in good state, but without male genitalia]. - Other studied material. Published in van Eck (2016) and van Eck et al. (2020a). - Additional material examined. ALGERIA: 1 ♀; Tlencen, 20 km N from Maghnia Babtaza; 34.9667°N, 1.75°W; 9 Apr. 1983; NBCN 1 ♂; Alger, Daly Ibrahim; 36.7533°N, 2.985°E; 15 Mar. 1910; MNHN 1 ♂; Frais Vallon env d`Alger; 36.7763°N, 3.0350°E; 30 Oct. 1892; P. Lesni leg.; MNHN. - KENYA: 1 ♂; Taita distr., Surroundings of Voi; 3.3616°S, 38.5677°E; 31 May-3 Jun. 1994; L. Bartolozzi, B. Cecchi, A. Sforzi leg.; "num. mag. 1561"; MZUF. - LIBYA: 1 ♂; Tripolitania, Garyan hills; 32.1928°N, 13.0190°E; 5-16 Nov. 1958; K.M. Guichard leg.; BMNH. - MOROCCO: 1 ♂; 38 km SW of El Jadida; 32.9723°N, 8.7508°W; 600 m a.s.l.; 2 Jan. 2003; J.H. Stuke leg.; ZFMK-DIP-00069620 (ZFMK) 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; ZFMK-DIP-00072941, ZFMK-DIP-00072942 (ZFMK) 10 ♀♀; Mountain de Beni-Snassen, Garbouz; 34.918°N, 2.052°W; 526 m a.s.l.; 14 Oct. 2017; A. Vujić, S. Radenković, N. Kočiš Tubić, N. Veličković leg.; FSUNS 4 ♀♀; near Nador; 35.1408°N, 2.9853°W; 13 Oct. 2017; A. Vujić, S. Radenković, N. Kočiš Tubić, N. Veličković leg.; FSUNS. - SPAIN: 1 ♂; Grazalema; 36.7254°N, 5.3293°W; 813 m a.s.l.; 30 Sep. 2016; A. Vujić, S. Radenković, A. Juslén leg.; FSUNS ID 10853 (FSUNS) 13 ♂♂; Grazalema 2; 36.7671°N, 5.3575°W; 825 m a.s.l.; 30 Sep. 2016; A. Vujić, S. Radenković leg.; FSUNS ID 10810 to 10822 (FSUNS) 11 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 10823 to 10833 (FSUNS) 1 ♂; Grazalema 3; 36.7730°N, 5.3595°W; 1 Oct. 2016; A. Vujić leg.; FSUNS ID 10793 (FSUNS) 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; FSUNS ID 10794 (FSUNS). - TUNIS: 1 ♂, 1 ♀; [locality and date unknown].</p> <p>Redescription.</p> <p>MALE. Head: Antenna: short, dark brown to blackish; basoflagellomere about 1.75 times as long as wide with curved dorsal margin; small fossette positioned near apex of basoflagellomere. Face: black, white pollinose; covered with long white pile as long as pedicel; ventral part of face and anteroventral part of gena black, shiny; frontal triangle black, white pollinose, covered with dense, long white pile as long as pedicel; eyes holoptic, covered with white pile as long as scape; vertical triangle isosceles black, shiny, except for anterior part to anterior ocellus and posterior part to posterior ocelli white pollinose; vertical triangle covered with intermixed long white and black pile as long as pile on frontal triangle; ocellar triangle equilateral; occiput blackish white pollinose covered with white pile as long as pile on vertical triangle. Thorax: Scutum black, with less developed white pollinose vittae; covered with yellow erect pile as long as pile on occiput, in some specimens black pile present on area between transverse suture and scutellum; area above wing base with short black bristles; scutellum black covered with long yellowish pile as long as pile on scutum; pleura black, white pollinose; dorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial part of anepimeron with long, dense white pile as long as pile on scutum; long white pile on katepisternum broadly separated with bare area between; proepimeron and katatergum with some white pile. Legs: femora black, yellow only at apex; metafemur narrowed (Fig. 4G), with serrated triangular lamina in its apical part; tibiae black, yellow only at base and apex; tarsomeres dorsally black, ventrally yellow; legs covered with mainly whitish pile, black pile present on apex of femora and on tarsomeres dorsally; tarsomeres ventrolaterally with bristle, which color varies from black to yellowish. Wing: hyaline, covered with microtrichia, except for some bare areas in first and second basal cells; stigma light yellow; wing veins dark brown; halter and calypter yellowish. Abdomen: Black, slightly tapering; terga 2-4 with white pollinose fasciae; pollinose fasciae on terga separated, not reaching lateral margin; terga 2-3 covered with black adpressed pile medially and white pile laterally; tergum 4 covered with intermixed black and white pile; sterna blackish covered with white erect pile in some specimens pile on sternum 4 shorter than those on sterna 2-3. Male genitalia: Epandrium: posterior surstyle lobe of male genitalia narrow, fingerlike; anterior surstyle lobe on inner side oval shaped, covered with dense, short white pile (Fig. 5A-G); cercus square-like to rounded; Hypandrium: as in other members of Merodon natans group, medially broaded. Female: Similar to male, except for normal sexual dimorphism and by following character: well developed white pollinose vittae present on scutum (in males scutum with less developed white pollinose vittae).</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>Merodon calcaratus is characterized by its easily recognizable narrow and long posterior surstyle lobe which however, is highly variable in its shape amongst specimens from different geographical populations: very narrow in width in specimens from Morocco (Fig. 5A); broader in width, medioventrally with a protuberance in specimens from Algeria (Fig. 5B, D); in specimens from Tunis similar to specimens from Algeria, but narrower in width (Fig. 5C); in specimens from Spain apically rounded, similar to specimens from Morocco, but broader in width (Fig. 5G); the specimen from Kenya is unique, because of the asymmetry of the left (Fig. 5E) and the right posterior surstyle lobe (Fig. 5F). This variability of surstyle lobe is unusual among most of the species of the genus Merodon, but shape of basoflagellomere connects all these populations in one taxon. Genetic data clearly connect populations from Spain and Morocco in spite of differences in the shape of surstyle lobe. Lack of genetic data and small number of specimens in African populations prevents use of an integrative approach. We decided to keep all these populations under the name M. calcaratus until future research.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Merodon calcaratus occurs in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal), in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria (Haffaressas et al. 2017), Tunis, Libya) and one isolated record present in East Africa (Kenya) (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Biology.</p> <p>The preferred environment of the species is semi-arid, sandy calcareous grasslands with scattered Pinus pinea L. in Portugal (van Eck 2016), thermophilic and ancient pastures of a limestone massif, also in Portugal (van Eck et al. 2020a); and Pinus forest on low mountains in Morocco with large populations of potential host plant Prospero autumnale (Vujić A. pers. obs.). Flowers visited: Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn, in Portugal (van Eck 2016; van Eck et al. 2020a) and Prospero autumnale in Morocco and Spain (Vujić A. pers. obs.). Flight period on the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa is usually Autumn or exceptionally early spring (Algeria). Preimaginal stages are not described.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18168F0E24675991B66C8D1973AD5A82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vujic, Ante;Tot, Tamara;Andric, Andrijana;Acanski, Jelena;Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana;Perez-Banon, Celeste;Aracil, Andrea;Veselic, Sanja;Arok, Maja;Mengual, Ximo;van Eck, Andre;Rojo, Santos;Radenkovic, Snezana	Vujic, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Andric, Andrijana, Acanski, Jelena, Sasic Zoric, Ljiljana, Perez-Banon, Celeste, Aracil, Andrea, Veselic, Sanja, Arok, Maja, Mengual, Ximo, van Eck, Andre, Rojo, Santos, Radenkovic, Snezana (2021): Review of the Merodon natans group with description of a new species, a key to the adults of known species of the natans lineage and first descriptions of some preimaginal stages. Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 79: 343-378, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e65861
