identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FCF141AD2AFFAFFF0CFD71FA11F92E.text	03FCF141AD2AFFAFFF0CFD71FA11F92E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea	<div><p>Key to families of Chordeumatida in the Pacific Coastal States of the USA</p> <p>1a. Head partially covered by collum........................................................................ 2</p> <p>1b. Head not covered by collum............................................................................ 5</p> <p>2a. Metazonites with strong longitudinal crests extending their full length; pygidium 3-lobed; southern California to British Columbia (also in Idaho and northern Virginia to northern Alabama)....................................... Striariidae</p> <p>2b. Metazonites without long crests; pygidium not 3-lobed....................................................... 3</p> <p>3a. Metazonites ornamented with scattered, closely set, short ridges; male ninth legs with 2 telopodite podomeres; northern California to Alaska (also in Idaho, Arizona, Utah, Illinois and Missouri).................................... Tingupidae</p> <p>3b. Metazonite ornamentation granular, male ninth legs with a single telopodite podomere, or lacking telopodites........... 4</p> <p>4a. Male ninth legs with a single, enlarged telopodite podomere; San Francisco Bay area to Alaska.......... Rhiscosomididae</p> <p>4b. Male ninth legs much reduced, lacking telopodites, concealed by gonopods; southern California............. Apterouridae</p> <p>5a. Mature males with 26 postcephalic segments; northwestern Washington........................ Anthroleucosomatidae</p> <p>5b. Mature males with 28 or 30 postcephalic segments.......................................................... 6</p> <p>6a. Mature males with 28 postcephalic segments; with ninth legs lacking telopodites, distinctly U-shaped, male tenth legs with enlarged coxosternum; western Washington.................................................... Microlympiidae</p> <p>6b. Mature males with 28 or 30 (usually 30) postcephalic segments; ninth legs with prominent telopodites of one or two podomeres, tenth legs with coxae and sternum distinct................................................................. 7</p> <p>7a. Metazonites with neither prominent projecting shoulders nor paranota, metazonital setae short; ninth leg telopodites of mature males with single enlarged podomeres; central California to Alaska..................................... Caseyidae</p> <p>7b. Metazonites with prominent projecting shoulders or paranota.................................................. 8</p> <p>8a. Metazonites sparsely granular, with strong, flattened, rimmed paranota; metazonital setae short; pygidium with 3 lobes; ninth leg telopodites of males with single, swollen, button-like podomere; northwestern Washington........ Urochordeumatidae</p> <p>8b. Metazonites smooth, with prominently projecting shoulders sometimes paranota-like but never rimmed; metazonital setae long, curved; pygidium not lobed; ninth leg telopodites of males with two podomeres, the distal one cylindrical and turned dorsally; central California to Alaska (also Rocky Mountains from Alberta to Arizona, Mississippi Valley and Appalachian Mountains from New York to North Carolina).............................................................. Conotylidae</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCF141AD2AFFAFFF0CFD71FA11F92E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD2AFFACFF0CFEDAFA10F9AF.text	03FCF141AD2AFFACFF0CFEDAFA10F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caseyidae Verhoeff 1909	<div><p>Family Caseyidae Verhoeff, 1909</p> <p>Caseyidae Verhoeff 1909: 567. Garner &amp; Shelley 1989: 185 (complete references).</p> <p>Underwoodiidae Verhoeff 1909: 568. Causey 1963: 193 (synonymy with Caseyidae).</p> <p>Notes. Underwoodiidae, with only the genus Underwoodia Cook &amp; Collins, 1895, was synonymized with Caseyidae by Causey (1963). The synonymy was supported by Gardner &amp; Shelley (1989). Underwoodia, with two species distributed transcontinentally in northern North America and one in the Russian Far East, is the only trans-Beringian genus in the family (Shelley 1993). Species of Caseyidae may be distinguished from other chordeumatidan families in northwestern North America according to the key below.</p> <p>The present classification of the Caseyidae is not analytical, without subfamilial or tribal taxa established. Gardner and Shelley (1989) had little to say about the possible relationships of the genera, excepting that Vasingtona and Ochrogramma shared two synapomorphies in the males, a ventral lamella extending from the mandible and long gonapophyses on the second coxae. Material available to me includes at least three additional distinctive genera in addition to Martenseya n. gen. There are also many new species of Opiona, which may turn out to be the most speciose genus in the family. Until this additional diversity is described, it would be unwise to suggest any new taxa between the level of family and genus.</p> <p>Species of the family are rich in characters associated with secondary sexual modifications of the males. The second legpair has processes from the coxae which Gardner and Shelley (1989) called gonapophyses, which may be long or relatively short. The third legs are often strikingly modified, with long, flattened coxae and reduced telopodites which sometimes articulate laterally near the midpoint of the extended coxae. The gonopods of most species are complex, and the terminology used by Gardner and Shelley (1989) was reevaluated by Shear and Leonard (2007). For example, the structure they called a telopodite is in fact the colpocoxite, resembling that found in the related family Striariidae: a sclerotized structrure derived from the coxal gland of the eighth leg. What they refer to as colpocoxites are in fact angiocoxites, modifications of the rims of the coxal glands. The ninth legs are reduced to a single telopodite podomere that is large and usually button-like, protruding laterally beyond the pleurotergites of the seventh ring and allowing the identification of males as such in the field. Curiously, Gardner and Shelley (1989) never described or even mentioned the highly modified coxae of the tenth legpair, simply stating that the tenth coxae are enlarged and bear an eversible gland. In fact in the species of Caseya and Opiona I have examined, the tenth coxae have an array of lobes and processes that are definitely of taxonomic value.</p> <p>Key to genera of the family Caseyidae</p> <p>1a. Eyes lacking; usually less than 10 mm long................................................................ 2</p> <p>1b. Eyes present; usually 10 mm long or more................................................................. 3</p> <p>2a. Length of mature males 3-4 mm; legpair 3 unmodified; gonopods without flagellocoxites; Marin Co., California.............................................................................................. Martenseya n. gen.</p> <p>2b. Length of mature males 8-10 mm; legpair 3 with slightly elongate coxae, reduced telopodites; gonopods with flagellocoxites; caves in Calaveras Co., California................................................................. Speyoseya</p> <p>3a. Male mandibular stipes with broad, flattened ventral process; gonapophyses of legpair 2 as long or longer than telopodites; gonopods with many tiny, much branched processes......................................................... 4</p> <p>3b. Male mandibular stipes unmodified; gonapophyses of legpair 2 shorter than telopodites; gonopods lacking tiny, much branched processes........................................................................................... 5</p> <p>4a. Length 18-22 mm; southwestern British Columbia to northwestern Oregon............................... Vasingtona</p> <p>4b. Length less than 15 mm; northwestern Oregon to extreme northwestern California...................... Ochrogramma</p> <p>5a. Length 8-10 mm...................................................................................… 6</p> <p>5b. Length 15 mm or greater............................................................................... 7</p> <p>6a. Legpair 3 coxae much elongated, with apical tuft of setae, telopodites reduced; gonopods relatively simple, consisting of two coxites, flagellocoxite absent; Washington Co., Oregon............................................... Metopiona</p> <p>6b. Legpair 3 coxae only slightly elongated, lacking apical tuft of setae, telopodites of nearly normal size; gonopods with flagellocoxites; central to northern British Columbia (but also northern Rocky Mountains from Alberta to Utah, southern Canada and northern United States from Quebec and Vermont west to North Dakota and Manitoba; Russian Far East)..... Underwoodia</p> <p>7a. Legpair 3 telopodites much reduced, prefemora enlarged, flattened; legpair 7 coxae without lobes or processes; gonopod coxites with multiple flagelliform branches in addition to flagellocoxites; San Francisco Bay area to Alexander Archipelago, Alaska........................................................................................ Opiona</p> <p>7b. Legpair 3 telopodites not much reduced, prefemora not enlarged; legpair 7 coxae with lobes and/or processes; southern California (Los Angeles Co.) and Sierra Nevada to northwestern Washington.................................... Caseya</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCF141AD2AFFACFF0CFEDAFA10F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.text	03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martenseya Shear 2021	<div><p>Martenseya new genus</p> <p>Type species. Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Distinct from all other caseyid genera in the lateral two metazonital setae set on a distinct swelling, and in the gonopods, which consist of two narrow coxites and lack flagellocoxites. Unlike all other species so far described, the third legs of Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp. do not have enlarged, elongated coxae. The type species is by far the smallest known caseyid, at 3.2 mm long in males. The two species of caseyid previously ranked as smallest, Metopiona sheari Gardner &amp; Shelley, 1989 and Speoseya grahami Causey, 1963, at 8–10 mm long are two or three times larger than Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp.</p> <p>Etymology. I am delighted to name this unusual new genus in honor of Prof. Dr. Jochen Martens, my esteemed friend and colleague, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. To avoid homonymy, the suffix − eya, as in Caseya and Speoseya, is added to the name. The name is feminine in gender.</p> <p>Description. See below, as for the type and only known species, Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp.</p> <p>Distribution. Presently known only from Marin County, California, USA.</p> <p>Notes. The divergence from the general plan of the Caseyidae of the single included species mandates the establishment of the new genus. Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp. lacks long gonapophyses on the second legs, and the third legs, rather than having elongate coxae and reduced telopodites, are unmodified and exactly like the following legs. The tenth legs have coxae that are only slightly enlarged and lack lobes and processes.</p> <p>The simple gonopods are not unlike those of Metopiona sheari Gardner &amp; Shelley, 1989 in having only anterior and posterior angiocoxites (though quite different inn form), a large sternum, and no flagellocoxites. However, M. sheari has the typical pregonopodal leg modifications that are lacking in Martenseya n. gen. Metopiona sheari is easily twice the size of Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp., and has 10 ommatidia. The other known small caseyid is Speoseya grahami Causey, 1963 which is eyeless but even larger (10 mm) than M. grahami. I have studied the holotype male of S. grahami and found the gonopod pattern very close to that of Opiona, not at all similar to Metopiona or Martenseya n. gen. Finally, I have seen two species of another undescribed genus from Washington state in the size range of M. minutocaeca n. sp., but with two black ommatidia on each side of the head and a gonopod pattern that is completely different, again resembling that of Opiona.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.text	03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martenseya minutocaeca Shear 2021	<div><p>Martenseya minutocaeca new species</p> <p>Figs 1−8</p> <p>Type material. USA: California: Holotype male, Marin County, Phoenix Lake, 0.5 mi (0.8 km) west of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.5765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.9544" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.5765/lat 37.9544)">Kentfield</a>, 200’ (61m) asl, 37°57’15.84”N, 122°34’35.40”W, A.K. Johnson leg. 30.12.1977. Paratypes: 8 male and 8 female paratypes, with same data as for holotype (all material deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, USA).</p> <p>Diagnosis. As for the genus.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective, a Latin neologism combining minutus -, small, and - caecus, blind.</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype). 30 rings (collum + 26 podiferous rings + 2 nonpodiferous rings + pygidium). Length 3.2 mm, width 0.4 mm. Color white, some specimens have faint, reticulate purplish brown patterning on head, collum and anterior rings. Head finely, densely setose. Ommatidia absent. Antennae (Fig. 1) relatively short, clavate, antennomeres in order of length, 4&gt;2&gt;3=5, 6&gt;1&gt;7&gt;8; fourth antennomere inflated, much the largest. Collum semilunate, narrower than head. Metazonites smooth to velutinous; outer segmental setae on laterally projecting tubercle (Fig. 2), giving a serrate appearance to the trunk when seen dorsally (Fig. 3), segmental setae short, clavate. Rings 28, 29 without legs. Pygidium small, rounded, spinnerets directed posteriorly. Legpairs 2−7 somewhat crassate, legpair 2 (Fig. 4) with vas deferens opening through short tube on coxae, legpair 3 without coxal modifications, telopodites slightly reduced or similar in size to those of legpair 4. Gonopods (Figs 5–6) compact, with large, well−sclerotized sternum anteriorly, sternum with rounded, ventrally projecting plate in midline. Coxae subglobular, setose, each bearing two narrow angiocoxites; anterior angiocoxites straight, directed somewhat anteriorly, with fine small fimbriae at tips; posterior angiocoxites curved, with distinct pseudoarticulation, directed anteriorly between anterior angiocoxites, with small teeth in distal half. Flagellocoxites and colpocoxites absent. Ninth legs (Fig. 7) larger than gonpods, coxae separate from sternum, bearing flattened, twisted process distally finely toothed, medially with deep pits possibly representing gland openings. Telopodites sparsely setose, curved dorsally, very obvious in intact specimens when viewed laterally. Legpair 10 (Fig. 8) with coxae enlarged, with eversible glands anteriorly.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male in nonsexual characters, but considerably larger at 4.5 mm long.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>Notes. The specimens were taken sorting mixed deciduous and redwood leaf litter. Tiny, litter-dwelling arthropods active in winter are rarely collected so it may be expected that this species has a wider range in the San Francisco Bay area, and that congeners may exist in similar habitats north and south along the coast.</p> <p>Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp. is strikingly different from other caseyid species. Its small size and metazonital tubercles carrying the lateral metazonital setae set it apart; the smallest previously known caseyids are twice as large and all previously known caseyids have cylindrical metaterga without lateral tubercles. The male third legpair lacks the characteristic ventrally extended coxae found in all other caseyids and occuring as well in the related striariids and urochordeumatids. The gonopods are unlike those of most caseyids in their simplicity and lack of flagellocoxites; these characters may be related to simplification connected to small size.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
