taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FCF141AD2AFFACFF0CFEDAFA10F9AF.taxon	discussion	Notes. Underwoodiidae, with only the genus Underwoodia Cook & Collins, 1895, was synonymized with Caseyidae by Causey (1963). The synonymy was supported by Gardner & Shelley (1989). Underwoodia, with two species distributed transcontinentally in northern North America and one in the Russian Far East, is the only trans-Beringian genus in the family (Shelley 1993). Species of Caseyidae may be distinguished from other chordeumatidan families in northwestern North America according to the key below. The present classification of the Caseyidae is not analytical, without subfamilial or tribal taxa established. Gardner and Shelley (1989) had little to say about the possible relationships of the genera, excepting that Vasingtona and Ochrogramma shared two synapomorphies in the males, a ventral lamella extending from the mandible and long gonapophyses on the second coxae. Material available to me includes at least three additional distinctive genera in addition to Martenseya n. gen. There are also many new species of Opiona, which may turn out to be the most speciose genus in the family. Until this additional diversity is described, it would be unwise to suggest any new taxa between the level of family and genus. Species of the family are rich in characters associated with secondary sexual modifications of the males. The second legpair has processes from the coxae which Gardner and Shelley (1989) called gonapophyses, which may be long or relatively short. The third legs are often strikingly modified, with long, flattened coxae and reduced telopodites which sometimes articulate laterally near the midpoint of the extended coxae. The gonopods of most species are complex, and the terminology used by Gardner and Shelley (1989) was reevaluated by Shear and Leonard (2007). For example, the structure they called a telopodite is in fact the colpocoxite, resembling that found in the related family Striariidae: a sclerotized structrure derived from the coxal gland of the eighth leg. What they refer to as colpocoxites are in fact angiocoxites, modifications of the rims of the coxal glands. The ninth legs are reduced to a single telopodite podomere that is large and usually button-like, protruding laterally beyond the pleurotergites of the seventh ring and allowing the identification of males as such in the field. Curiously, Gardner and Shelley (1989) never described or even mentioned the highly modified coxae of the tenth legpair, simply stating that the tenth coxae are enlarged and bear an eversible gland. In fact in the species of Caseya and Opiona I have examined, the tenth coxae have an array of lobes and processes that are definitely of taxonomic value. Key to genera of the family Caseyidae	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinct from all other caseyid genera in the lateral two metazonital setae set on a distinct swelling, and in the gonopods, which consist of two narrow coxites and lack flagellocoxites. Unlike all other species so far described, the third legs of Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp. do not have enlarged, elongated coxae. The type species is by far the smallest known caseyid, at 3.2 mm long in males. The two species of caseyid previously ranked as smallest, Metopiona sheari Gardner & Shelley, 1989 and Speoseya grahami Causey, 1963, at 8 – 10 mm long are two or three times larger than Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. I am delighted to name this unusual new genus in honor of Prof. Dr. Jochen Martens, my esteemed friend and colleague, on the occasion of his 80 th birthday. To avoid homonymy, the suffix − eya, as in Caseya and Speoseya, is added to the name. The name is feminine in gender.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	description	Description. See below, as for the type and only known species, Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from Marin County, California, USA.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD29FFADFF0CF920FCC9FCE3.taxon	discussion	Notes. The divergence from the general plan of the Caseyidae of the single included species mandates the establishment of the new genus. Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp. lacks long gonapophyses on the second legs, and the third legs, rather than having elongate coxae and reduced telopodites, are unmodified and exactly like the following legs. The tenth legs have coxae that are only slightly enlarged and lack lobes and processes. The simple gonopods are not unlike those of Metopiona sheari Gardner & Shelley, 1989 in having only anterior and posterior angiocoxites (though quite different inn form), a large sternum, and no flagellocoxites. However, M. sheari has the typical pregonopodal leg modifications that are lacking in Martenseya n. gen. Metopiona sheari is easily twice the size of Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp., and has 10 ommatidia. The other known small caseyid is Speoseya grahami Causey, 1963 which is eyeless but even larger (10 mm) than M. grahami. I have studied the holotype male of S. grahami and found the gonopod pattern very close to that of Opiona, not at all similar to Metopiona or Martenseya n. gen. Finally, I have seen two species of another undescribed genus from Washington state in the size range of M. minutocaeca n. sp., but with two black ommatidia on each side of the head and a gonopod pattern that is completely different, again resembling that of Opiona.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	description	Figs 1 − 8	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. USA: California: Holotype male, Marin County, Phoenix Lake, 0.5 mi (0.8 km) west of Kentfield, 200 ’ (61 m) asl, 37 ° 57 ’ 15.84 ” N, 122 ° 34 ’ 35.40 ” W, A. K. Johnson leg. 30.12.1977. Paratypes: 8 male and 8 female paratypes, with same data as for holotype (all material deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, USA).	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for the genus.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective, a Latin neologism combining minutus -, small, and - caecus, blind.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). 30 rings (collum + 26 podiferous rings + 2 nonpodiferous rings + pygidium). Length 3.2 mm, width 0.4 mm. Color white, some specimens have faint, reticulate purplish brown patterning on head, collum and anterior rings. Head finely, densely setose. Ommatidia absent. Antennae (Fig. 1) relatively short, clavate, antennomeres in order of length, 4> 2> 3 = 5, 6> 1> 7> 8; fourth antennomere inflated, much the largest. Collum semilunate, narrower than head. Metazonites smooth to velutinous; outer segmental setae on laterally projecting tubercle (Fig. 2), giving a serrate appearance to the trunk when seen dorsally (Fig. 3), segmental setae short, clavate. Rings 28, 29 without legs. Pygidium small, rounded, spinnerets directed posteriorly. Legpairs 2 − 7 somewhat crassate, legpair 2 (Fig. 4) with vas deferens opening through short tube on coxae, legpair 3 without coxal modifications, telopodites slightly reduced or similar in size to those of legpair 4. Gonopods (Figs 5 – 6) compact, with large, well−sclerotized sternum anteriorly, sternum with rounded, ventrally projecting plate in midline. Coxae subglobular, setose, each bearing two narrow angiocoxites; anterior angiocoxites straight, directed somewhat anteriorly, with fine small fimbriae at tips; posterior angiocoxites curved, with distinct pseudoarticulation, directed anteriorly between anterior angiocoxites, with small teeth in distal half. Flagellocoxites and colpocoxites absent. Ninth legs (Fig. 7) larger than gonpods, coxae separate from sternum, bearing flattened, twisted process distally finely toothed, medially with deep pits possibly representing gland openings. Telopodites sparsely setose, curved dorsally, very obvious in intact specimens when viewed laterally. Legpair 10 (Fig. 8) with coxae enlarged, with eversible glands anteriorly. Female. Similar to male in nonsexual characters, but considerably larger at 4.5 mm long.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
03FCF141AD28FFAAFF0CFCDAFC70FEB7.taxon	discussion	Notes. The specimens were taken sorting mixed deciduous and redwood leaf litter. Tiny, litter-dwelling arthropods active in winter are rarely collected so it may be expected that this species has a wider range in the San Francisco Bay area, and that congeners may exist in similar habitats north and south along the coast. Martenseya minutocaeca n. sp. is strikingly different from other caseyid species. Its small size and metazonital tubercles carrying the lateral metazonital setae set it apart; the smallest previously known caseyids are twice as large and all previously known caseyids have cylindrical metaterga without lateral tubercles. The male third legpair lacks the characteristic ventrally extended coxae found in all other caseyids and occuring as well in the related striariids and urochordeumatids. The gonopods are unlike those of most caseyids in their simplicity and lack of flagellocoxites; these characters may be related to simplification connected to small size.	en	Shear, William A. (2021): Additions to the millipede family Caseyidae. II. Martenseya, a new genus of miniature, blind millipedes from California (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida Striariidea, Striarioidea, Caseyidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 108-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.10
