identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4A8428894DFA5BC0B2C1E995B0CC7C10.text	4A8428894DFA5BC0B2C1E995B0CC7C10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phreatoviesca Czaja & Gladstone 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phreatoviesca Czaja &amp; Gladstone gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Phreatoviesca spinosa by present designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, conical in form, protoconch sculptured with coarsely honeycomb-like pits, teleoconch with curved ribs which are at the carina modified into regularly spaced shovel-shaped spines (Figs 14, 24), body whorl always open-coiled, some specimens with a corkscrew morphology, apertures large, ovate, rarely rounded, often trumpet-like.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The characteristic combination of three aforementioned shell features (open coiling of the last whorl, shovel-shaped spines, and protoconch with coarsely honeycomb-like pits) separate the new genus clearly from shells of all other subterranean (and epigean) genera. Some members of  Phreatodrobia Hershler &amp; Longley 1986 and  Paludiscala Taylor 1966, genera which include exclusively subterranean species, also have conical shells, but these are not uncoiled (except the slightly uncoiled  Phreatodrobia nugax (Pilsbry &amp; Ferriss, 1906) to this extent do not possess prominent spine ornamentations. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The name is derived from Greek phreato = groundwater environment, and  Viesca (referring to the town of  Viesca where the shells were found). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A8428894DFA5BC0B2C1E995B0CC7C10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Czaja 1, Alexander;Gladstone 2, Nicholas S.;Becerra-Lopez 1, Jorge Luis;Estrada-Rodriguez 1, Jose Luis;SaenzMata 1, Jorge;Hernandez-Teran 3, Fernando	Czaja 1, Alexander, Gladstone 2, Nicholas S., Becerra-Lopez 1, Jorge Luis, Estrada-Rodriguez 1, Jose Luis, SaenzMata 1, Jorge, Hernandez-Teran 3, Fernando (2021): A remarkable new genus and species of subterranean freshwater snail from a recently dried-up spring of Viesca, Coahuila, Northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 39: 129-141, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.67799, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.67799
8C5214E5307B5B0A8FABF4BEC52E6504.text	8C5214E5307B5B0A8FABF4BEC52E6504.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phreatoviesca spinosa Czaja & Gladstone 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phreatoviesca spinosa Czaja &amp; Gladstone sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 2-13, 14-17, 18-24</p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> Mexico, Coahuila state,  Viesca , spring  “Túnel 7" (25°20'38"N, 102°54'19"W, 1102 m a.s.l.) (Fig. 1). </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Holotype (Figs 2, 3), UJMC 500, from type locality, leg. A. Czaja, 15/v/2019. Paratypes, UJMC 501-511, from same lot,&gt;100 dry shells.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Name is derived from the Latin word  Phreatoviesca spinosa = having spines. </p>
            <p>Referred material.</p>
            <p> Coahuila.  Viesca , Spring  “Túnel 7", UJMC 500-511, A. Czaja, J. L.  Estrada-Rodríguez 10/vi/2015 and 15/v/2019. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Like for the genus.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Shell small, conical, white or colorless, sometime with rests of light brown periostracum, yielding diversity in shell form, with 4-  5½ rounded whorls (usually 5), whorls increasing in radius, the first three whorls never uncoiled, subsequent whorls open coiled, body whorl always uncoiled, some specimens show a  ‘corkscrew’ -like morphology (Figs 3, 6), suture deep; teleoconch sculptured with irregular, strong marked growth lines and with ribs (Figs 4, 5), spiny shells with whorls with a peripheral slightly pronounced carinae, ribs at the carina are modified into regularly spaced shovel-shaped spines (Figs 14, 24), transition protoconch/teleoconch distinct, marked by a change in surface texture from pitted to axial growth lines, whorls rapidly increasing in diameter, first two whorls smooth, without carina or spines, the last three whorls with increasing number spines (up to 40 on the body whorl, but usually less than 30), spiral lines beginning at the end of protoconch, a few specimens with smooth whorls without any sculpture but with thickened axial growth lines, some (smooth) specimens with a varix just behind the aperture (Fig. 13), body whorl large, apertures large, ovate to subrounded, often trumpet-like (Fig. 9). Protoconch with coarsely honeycomb-like pits, the basal and outer lip rounded and thin, some smooth specimens with trumpet-like peristome, umbiculus deep or, in corkscrew-like specimens, almost without umbiculus; Opercula not preserved. Shell measurements (mean  ± standard deviation in parentheses; n = 17): SH 2.08 (0.31) mm, SW 1.24 (0.17) mm, AH 0.79 (0.09) mm, AW 0.61 (0.08) mm, WN 4.93 (0.44) whorls; HBW 1.23 (0.21) mm. Paratypes from the type locality. </p>
            <p>Measurements of holotype.</p>
            <p> WN  5¼ whorls; SH 2.26 mm; SW 1.41 mm; AH 0.86 mm; AW 0.67 mm, HBW 1.46 mm. </p>
            <p>Habitat.</p>
            <p> The new species was found exclusively in one spring near  Viesca , Coahuila. The original habitat was probably the outlet of a cave, were the species likely inhabited interstitial waters. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> A microendemic species, only in spring  “Túnel 7", near the town of  Viesca . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The open coiled last whorl, shovel-shaped spines and a protoconch with coarsely honeycomb-like pits are the most evident characteristics which differentiated the shells of  Phreatoviesca gen. nov. et. sp. nov. from shells of all other described stygobiotic gastropods in North America. We considered these shell features as derived characters (apomorphy) of a new clade, most likely within the family  Cochliopidae . The SEM imagines of the two different morphotypes (smooth and spinous) from  Viesca show that both have identical coarsely honeycomb-like pitted protoconchs (Figs 18, 19) and also the details of the shell wall microstructure with fine growth lines are similar (Figs 22, 23). Therefore, we consider these two morphotypes as belonging to the same species. There is no significant difference in shells measurements between smooth and spiny morphotypes and therefore sexual dimorphism is unlikely. Moreover, most of the shells have strong spines and only less than 5% of the morphotypes collected are smooth. Two morphotypes (one smooth and other with lamelliform costae) not associated with sexual dimorphism, were reported also from shells of the subterranean genus  Paludiscala Taylor, 1966, described from the neighboring Cuatro  Ciénegas Basin (Hershler, 1985). Interestingly, our material is conchologically similar to members of the stygobiotic and stygophilic genus  Pyrgophorus Ancey, 1888 in Mexico, which show similar shovel-shaped spines (Grego et al. 2019). This resemblance is surely an evolutionary convergence and result from living in subterranean habitats. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C5214E5307B5B0A8FABF4BEC52E6504	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Czaja 1, Alexander;Gladstone 2, Nicholas S.;Becerra-Lopez 1, Jorge Luis;Estrada-Rodriguez 1, Jose Luis;SaenzMata 1, Jorge;Hernandez-Teran 3, Fernando	Czaja 1, Alexander, Gladstone 2, Nicholas S., Becerra-Lopez 1, Jorge Luis, Estrada-Rodriguez 1, Jose Luis, SaenzMata 1, Jorge, Hernandez-Teran 3, Fernando (2021): A remarkable new genus and species of subterranean freshwater snail from a recently dried-up spring of Viesca, Coahuila, Northern Mexico. Subterranean Biology 39: 129-141, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.67799, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.39.67799
