taxonID	type	description	language	source
E21B313CFFCD0857FF60F908893288DD.taxon	description	(Figs 2 – 4) Female macroptera. Body yellow, femora, tibiae and tarsi pale; frons shaded; antennal segment I pale, segment II variable, segments III – VIII shaded; fore wing base and clavus shaded, wing paler towards apex; abdominal tergites and sternites IV – VII without median shaded marking, antecostal ridges on III – VII dark complete across segment. Antennae 8 - segmented, forked sensoria on III – IV short, not reaching more than one-third the length of succeeding segment; ocellar area with widely spaced transverse striae; ocellar setae III well-developed, close together between hind ocelli; 2 pairs of po setae as long as ocellar setae III. Pronotum anterior half with about 12 transverse striae per 30 microns, about 7 – 10 discal setae; 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, pm 2 pair long 2.5 – 4.0 times longer than pm 1, but pm 1 variable in length. Metanotum with irregular equiangular to longitudinal reticulation; median setae situated behind but close to anterior margin. Fore wing second vein with 2 setae; clavus with 4 marginal setae, one discal seta. Abdominal tergites II – VI with S 1 small, closer together than their length; VIII with no discal microtrichia medially; sternites with microtrichia areas not or scarcely extending mesad of posteromarginal setae S 2.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCD0857FF60F908893288DD.taxon	discussion	Comments. Described from Luzon, The Philippines, this species is widespread in the warmer parts of northern and eastern Australia (Hoddle & Mound 2003). The following specimens have been seen from Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, 2 females on Capsicum frutescens, 24. vi. 2011; Penang, 1 female from Nephrolepis falcata, 9. vii. 2009. Males from Australia have a pair of long dark drepanae posterolaterally on tergite IX.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCA0856FF60F91A8D6A8B97.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 8) Female macroptera. Body pale yellow, femora, tibiae and tarsi pale; antennal segment I pale, segment II variable, segments III – VIII shaded to dark; ocellar area sometimes shaded, also frons between antennal sockets; fore wing base and clavus commonly shaded, wing pale at apex; abdominal tergites IV – VII with weak to strong brown area medially not extending laterally to setal pair S 2, antecostal ridge dark and continuous medially; sternites without shaded area, antecostal ridge on IV – VII dark. Antennae 8 - segmented, forked sensoria on III – IV short, not reaching more than one-third the length of succeeding segment; ocellar triangle with closely spaced transverse striae, ocellar setae III arising between hind ocelli, 2 pairs of po setae as long as ocellar setae III. Pronotum closely striate, with about 12 – 15 discal setae; 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, pm 2 pair not elongate, usually less than 30 microns long and about twice as long as pm 1. Metanotum anterior third with arcuate transverse striae, irregular longitudinal reticulations posteriorly; median setae arise behind anterior margin. Fore wing second vein with 2 setae; clavus with 4 marginal setae, one discal seta. Abdominal tergites II – VI with S 1 small, closer together than their length; VIII with microtrichia extending across anterior median area, IX – X with microtrichia present posteromedially; sternites III – VII with rows of microtrichia extending across segment on posterior half. Male macroptera. Similar to female but smaller; abdominal tergite IX without drepanae.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCA0856FF60F91A8D6A8B97.taxon	discussion	Comments. Females collected from the leaves of tea in Pahang, Cameron Highlands, are darker than females of the typical form of this species that is common in Malaysia from lowland sites. The darker form has antennal segment II shaded and the tergal shaded area more extensive, also the ocellar area and frons between the antennal sockets dark. The significance of this colour form is not known, but it may be associated with lower temperatures during pupation. Scirtothrips dorsalis is widespread in Asia and northern Australia, and introduced to Israel and Florida. Although certainly polyphagous, there is little precise information on the range of plant species on which it can actually breed.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCB0855FF60FD4589738EFF.taxon	description	(Figs 9 – 14) Female macroptera. Body pale with brown markings to more uniformly brown, frons dark between antennal sockets; head posterior margin darker; femora, tibiae and tarsi weakly shaded; all antennal segments shaded, segment I scarcely paler than II; fore wings and clavus uniformly shaded, wing sometimes with extreme apex paler; abdominal tergites IV – VII with brown area medially, lateral thirds of tergites varying from uniformly brown to yellow with posterolateral margins brown; antecostal ridge of tergites III – VII dark but interrupted medially; sternites extensively shaded, IV – VII with antecostal ridge dark across segment. Antennae 8 - segmented, forked sensoria on III – IV short, not reaching more than one-third the length of succeeding segment; ocellar triangle with closely spaced transverse striae, ocellar setae III arising between hind ocelli, 2 pairs of po as long as ocellar setae III. Pronotum closely striate, with about 10 discal setae; 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, pair pm 2 not elongate, usually less than 30 microns long and about twice as long as pm 1. Metanotum anterior third with arcuate transverse striae, irregular longitudinal reticulations posteriorly; median setae arise behind anterior margin. Fore wing second vein with 2 setae; clavus with 4 marginal setae, usually without discal seta. Abdominal tergites II – VI with S 1 small, closer together than their length; VIII with microtrichia extending across anterior median area; IX with microtrichia present posteromedially, X without microtrichia; sternites almost fully covered with rows of microtrichia across segment, microtrichia absent from only small and variable anterior area. Measurements (female in microns). Distended body length 880. Head width across eyes 148. Pronotum, length 86, width 180; posteromarginal pm 1 setae 9, pm 2 20. Metanotum median setae 19, submedian setae 22. Fore wing, length 484; distal setae on second vein length 16 – 18. Antennae length 227; segments III – VI length 39, 32, 41, 40. Tergites III – VI S 1 length 10 – 26, distance between bases 8 – 24. Male macroptera. Similar in colour and sculpture to female, but smaller and darker; S 1 on tergites widely separated, distance between bases almost as long or longer than the length of these setae. Abdominal tergite IX without drepanae.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCB0855FF60FD4589738EFF.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Holotype female: MALAYSIA, Penang, MARDI Seberang Perai, from Artocarpus champeden (Moraceae), 7. vii. 2009 (Ng, Y. F. & Eow, L. X.) (in CISUKM). Paratypes: 4 females, all collected with holotype, 3 females from Kota Damansara, Community Forest, Selangor (All DNA extracted) 17 – 19. iv. 2011 (Ng, Y. F. & Eow, L. X.); Pahang, Sg Bebar, 1 male from flowering tree, 20 – 28. ix. 2009; Negari Sembilan, Kg. Bertam, 1 female from Averrhoa carambola, 5. v. 2010; Selangor, MARDI, 4 females, 2 males from Garcinia mangostana, 25. vi. 2008; Universiti Malaya, 8 females from Saraca indica, 24. vii. 2011, 1 female from Euodia redlevi, 16. v. 2011. INDONESIA, JAVA, Bogor, from Mango, 3 females, 4. vii. 2008, 1 female, 25. iv. 2008, (in CISUKM, MZUM and ANIC).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCB0855FF60FD4589738EFF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the dark colour of the body in Malay languages.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFCB0855FF60FD4589738EFF.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species shares most structural details with S. dorsalis. It appears to be both polyphagous and widespread in tropical Asia, and is widely distributed in western Malaysia and present in Indonesia. In contrast to the common pest species, dorsalis, the sternites are more extensively covered with microtrichia (Fig. 14), the tergal antecostal ridge is discontinuous medially (Fig. 12), and there are colour differences indicated in the key above. Most specimens are considerably darker than the typical form of S. dorsalis, but the lateral thirds of the tergites are almost yellow in a few, possibly teneral, females. The NJ, MP and ML trees generated from the COI sequences in the phylogenetic analyses had similar topology. Only the NJ tree is shown here (Fig. 1). All the S. hitam and S. dorsalis samples formed two well supported clusters in the NJ tree indicating these taxa are well separated. The genetic distance between S. hitam and S. dorsalis was sufficiently high (S. dorsalis (NYF 1) vs. S. hitam (NYF 5,6,7) = 0.141) to recognize these as distinct species. However, this recognition might be improved if more extensive sampling could be carried out.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC9085BFF60F93B8F6F8ADA.taxon	description	(Figs 15 – 20) Female macroptera. Body generally light brown; pronotum with shaded longitudinal bands sublaterally, femora, tibiae and tarsi slightly shaded; antennal segments I – III pale, IV – VII brown, VIII pale apically; fore wings weakly shaded at base including clavus, middle and sub-apical areas; abdominal tergites II – VIII light brown with anterior margins paler; III – VII with antecostal ridge slightly darker but interrupted medially; sternites IV – VII with antecostal ridges dark. Antennae 8 - segmented, forked sensoria on III – IV short, not reaching more than one-third the length of succeeding segment; ocellar triangle with closely spaced transverse striae; ocellar setae III on tangent between anterior margins of hind ocelli, 2 pairs of po setae as long as ocellar setae III. Pronotum with closely spaced striae, with about 20 discal setae; 4 pairs of almost subequal posteromarginal setae. Metanotum with transversely arcuate striae on anterior third, posterior area longitudinally striate / reticulate; median setae far behind anterior margin. Fore wing second vein with 3 setae; fore wing clavus with 3 – 4 marginal setae, and one discal seta. Abdominal tergites II – VI with setae S 1 small, close together, distance between bases less than setal length; VIII with two or more rows of microtrichia across anterior half of segment; IX – X with many rows of microtrichia on posterior half. Sternites fully covered by rows of microtrichia across segment; II – VI with complete comb of microtrichia on posterior margin, but absent medially on VII. Measurements (female in microns). Distended body length 905. Head width across eyes 120. Pronotum, length 103, width 138; posteromarginal setae pm 1 19, pm 2 20. Metanotum median setae 17, submedian setae 22. Fore wing, length 472; distal setae on second vein 16 – 17. Antennae length 228; segments III – VI length 40, 41, 38, 36. Tergites III – VI S 1 length 10 – 31, distance between bases 11 – 26. Male macroptera. Similar in colour and sculpture to female but smaller; antecostal ridges on abdominal sternites III – VII pale; tergite IX without drepanae.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC9085BFF60F93B8F6F8ADA.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Holotype female: MALAYSIA, Bukit Kesing, Terengganu, on Lantana sp., 23. viii. 2011 (Ng, Y. F.) (in CISUKM). Paratypes: 6 females and 2 males collected with holotype; 1 male and 3 females from KL, University Malaya Campus, Rimba Ilmu, collected on Lantana sp., 16. v. 2012 (Ng, Y. F.), (in CISUKM and ANIC).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC9085BFF60F93B8F6F8ADA.taxon	discussion	Comments. The body colouration of this new species is unique, with two shaded longitudinal bands on the pronotum and fore wing. The abdominal sternites III – V have a comb of long microtrichia on the posterior margin (Fig. 18). This condition is found also in S. aurantii and Siamothrips argus Okajima decribed from Thailand, but the microtrichia are much shorter and / or sparser in those species.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC6085AFF60FB8E8E2E8E1A.taxon	description	(Figs 21 – 26) Female macroptera. Body yellow, frons and posterior margin of head weakly shaded; femora, tibiae and tarsi pale or slightly shaded; antennal segment I pale, II – VIII shaded; fore wings at base lightly shaded also clavus, wing paler towards apex; tergites with brown area medially not extending laterally to setae S 2, III – VII with antecostal ridge dark brown complete across segment; sternites without shading, IV – VII with antecostal ridge dark brown. Antennae 8 - segmented, IV elongate and constricted apically, sensoria on III – IV forked and unusually long extending to mid-point of the succeeding segment; ocellar area with widely spaced transverse striae; ocellar setae III close together between hind ocelli, 2 pairs of po as long as ocellar setae III. Pronotum with closely spaced striae, with about 14 discal setae; 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, pair pm 2 about twice as long as pm 1. Metanotum anterior third with irregular transverse striae, posterior area longitudinally reticulate / striate, median setae near anterior margin. Fore wing second vein with 2 or 3 setae; clavus with 4 marginal setae, with or without discal seta. Abdominal tergites II – VII with setae S 1 small, closer together than their length; VIII without microtrichia medially; segment IX with microtrichia present posteromedially, X with very weak microtrichia; sternites with microtrichia scarcely extending mesad of posteromarginal setal pair S 2. Measurements (female in microns). Distended body length 968. Head length 65, width across eyes 145. Pronotum, length 109, width 143; posteromarginal setae pm 1 20, pm 2 42. Metanotum median setae 16, submedian setae 23. Fore wing, length 472; distal setae on second vein length 10 – 13. Antennae length 243; segments III – VI length 47, 51, 35, 38. Tergites III – VI S 1 length 10 – 18, distance between bases 8 – 11. Male. Not known.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC6085AFF60FB8E8E2E8E1A.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Holotype female: MALAYSIA, Penang, Penang Botanical Garden, on Podocarpus macrophyllus, 8. vii. 2009 (Ng, Y. F. & Eow, L. X.), (in CISUKM). Paratypes: 4 females collected with holotype; Penang, MARDI, Seberang Perai, 1 female from Artocarpus champeden, 7. vii. 2009 (Ng, Y. F. & Eow, L. X.), (in CISUKM and ANIC).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC6085AFF60FB8E8E2E8E1A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the second collector Miss Li-Xin Eow.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC6085AFF60FB8E8E2E8E1A.taxon	discussion	Comments. Relationships of this species are difficult to determine. The sculpture of the metanotum and the abdominal tergites III – VI shaded medially are different in comparison to S. dobroskyi as distinguished in the key above. This new species has antennal segment IV relatively large, with the apex prolonged and the sensoria particularly long and stout (Fig. 23).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC7085FFF60F8DF884088C2.taxon	description	(Figs 27 – 32) Female macroptera. Body yellow, weakly shaded in ocellar triangle and on frons between antennal sockets, also at posterior margin of head, but vertex pale; antennal segment I pale, II – VIII shaded; fore wing shaded basally including clavus, but paler toward apex; abdominal tergites III – VII without dark markings medially, but sometimes very weakly shaded laterally, antecostal ridge dark brown; sternites without dark areas but IV – VII with dark brown antecostal ridge. Antennae 8 - segmented, forked sensoria on III – IV short, not reaching more than one-third the length of succeeding segment; ocellar triangle with widely spaced irregular transverse striae, ocellar setae III close together arising between hind ocelli, 2 pairs of long po setae. Pronotum transversely striate, but striae varying from straight to slightly undulating, and from 8 to 16 striae per 30 microns, and 6 – 10 discal setae; 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, pm 2 long, usually 2.5 – 3 times longer than pm 1. Metanotum reticulate; median setae behind anterior margin. Fore wing second vein with one seta, clavus with 3 marginal setae, and 1 discal seta. Abdominal tergites II – VII with setae S 1 wider apart than their length; VIII with one or more transverse rows of microtrichia medially; IX with microtrichia present posteromedially, X with very weak microtrichia. Sternal microtrichia areas not extending mesad of posteromarginal setal pair S 2. Measurements (female in microns). Distended body length 968. Head length 64, width across eyes 137. Pronotum, length 79, width 156; posteromarginal pm 1 setae 13, pm 2 39. Metanotum median setae 11, submedian setae 21. Fore wing, length 494; distal seta on second vein length 18. Antennae length 204; segments III – VI length 33, 35, 28, 32. Tergites III – VI S 1 length 8 – 13, distance between bases 22 – 38. Male macroptera. Similar in colour and sculpture to female, but smaller and paler; Abdominal tergite IX with drepanae.	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC7085FFF60F8DF884088C2.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Holotype female: MALAYSIA, Terengganu, Gunung Tebu, on Allamanda sp. (Apocynaceae), 1 – 6. viii. 2012 (Ng, Y. F.). (in CISUKM). Paratypes: 7 females collected with holotype; Pahang, Tasik Chiini, 2 females on Allamanda sp., 28. i. 2013 (Ng, Y. F.), (in CISUKM and ANIC); Gombak, 1 female from Clerodendron myricoides lvs, 4. iii. 2007; Selangor, Kota Damansara, 4 females from Barringtonia sp., 17. iv. 2011, (in CISUKM, MZUM and ANIC).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC7085FFF60F8DF884088C2.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is probably another widespread and common species in tropical Asia. It is similar in structure to S. dobroskyi, but is distinguished in the key above by the presence of microtrichia on tergite VIII, and the greater distance between the setal pair S 1 medially on the abdominal tergites. However, there is considerable variation between the available specimens in the form of the pronotal sculpture (Figs 27, 28).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC2085FFF60FDB68DB68D18.taxon	description	(Figs 33 – 38)	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
E21B313CFFC2085FFF60FDB68DB68D18.taxon	description	The only known species in this genus was described from both sexes collected in West Bengal, India (Bhatti 1967). Subsequently, specimens were collected on the SOCIETY ISLANDS in the Pacific Ocean (Hoddle et al. 2008), one female from Bangkok, THAILAND, is available in ANIC, Canberra, and the species is here recorded from MALAYSIA, Pahang, Pulau Tioman, 4 females 3 males collected on Cassava leaves, 8. vii. 2013 (Ng, Y. F.), (in CISUKM and ANIC).	en	Ng, Y. F., Mound, L. A., Azidah, A. A. (2014): The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Malaysia, with four new species and comments on Biltothrips, a related genus. Zootaxa 3856 (2): 253-266, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.6
