taxonID	type	description	language	source
4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11.taxon	description	Figures 1 A-L, 2 A-D	en	Samyn, Yves, Sonet, Gontran, d'Acoz, Cedric d'Udekem (2021): Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. RBINS I. G. 33990, HOL. 1736 (4 specimens plus SEM stubs: I. G. 33990 / HOL. 1736 / 1 - 8).	en	Samyn, Yves, Sonet, Gontran, d'Acoz, Cedric d'Udekem (2021): Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11.taxon	description	Description (based on material examined). Body elongate, with central part inflated and anterior and posterior ends more narrow. Length of fixed specimens 50 - 155 mm (measured along the dorsal face); diameter 30 - 80 mm at mid-body, 21 - 43 mm anteriorly and 12 - 25 mm posteriorly. Color in alcohol after a short period of preservation same as color in life: body light beige, with irregular, brownish spots and patches (Fig. 1 A, D); patches larger ventrally. Tentacles with their shaft light beige and the branches brownish with beige tips. According to McKenzie (1991), 10 large, five small, and five intermediate sized tentacles can be observed in live specimens. Insufficient relaxation of the specimens at hand made it impossible to observe the exact position of the tentacles in the specimens under study. Tube feet predominantly in the radii, in irregular double series anteriorly and posteriorly and in up to six rows, spreading into the interradii ventrally. Tube feet light beige. Body wall gritty to the touch. Body wall thin mid-body, thicker anteriorly and distally, possibly an artefact of fixation. Longitudinal muscles visible through the body wall where the skin is thinnest. Longitudinal muscles thick, undivided, and attached to the body wall along their entire width. Retractor muscles arise about 1 / 3 of the body length from anterior end, attaching to the radial section of the long and thin tubular calcareous ring, which itself is about 1 / 4 of the body length (Fig. 2 A). Calcareous ring with five radial and five interradial parts (Fig. 2 B). The radial parts are anteriorly notched, with 1 - 3 larger plates anteriorly and an irregular meshwork of smaller plates posteriorly. The interradial parts are anteriorly pointed, have 3 or 4 larger plates anteriorly and an irregular meshwork of smaller plates posteriorly (Fig. 2 B). Calcareous ring embedded in a thin layer of tissue, with the calcified elements connected by connective tissue. (Fig. 2 D). No clear posterior ending visible at the end of the comet-shaped, calcareous ring (Fig. 2 A). Internal surfaces of especially the radial pieces are guttered (Fig. 2 C). Single, very long Polian vesicle; single curled stone canal embedded in the dorsal mesentery (Fig. 2 D). Tentacle shafts with irregular, complex rosettes, 30 - 45 μm long and 15 - 25 μm wide (Fig. 1 E); tentacle tips with straight to curved, terminally perforated rods, 30 - 55 µm long and rosettes similar to those of the tentacle shafts (Fig. 1 G); introvert with 2 - pillared tables only, disc smooth, 65 - 80 µm in diameter, irregular in outline, perforated by four central holes and a variable number of irregularly peripheral holes; pillars 40 - 65 μm high, with single cross-beam, ending in a narrow, sparsely-spined crown (Fig. 1 F); dorsal and ventral body wall with 4 - pillared tables, 80 - 100 μm in diameter, smooth rim, irregular in outline, perforated by four central holes and a variable number of peripheral holes arranged in multiple irregular circles; pillars 60 - 76 μm high, with single cross-beam, ending in a narrow, spined crown (Fig. 1 H, I). Dorsal and ventral tube feet with plates, 64 - 95 μm long and 40 - 55 μm wide; endplate + / - 200 μm in diameter, with uneven sized holes and with some relief (Fig. 1 L). Contrary to Feral's (1980) observation, no tables could be found in the tube feet. Longitudinal muscles devoid of ossicles.	en	Samyn, Yves, Sonet, Gontran, d'Acoz, Cedric d'Udekem (2021): Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
4BF419658EAD535A8752025BC9763C11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North and West European coasts: Molde, West Norway (Oetsergren 1898); Arcachon, Brehat Island, Wimereux, Roscoff, Chausey Islands, France (Koehler and Vaney 1905; Koehler 1921; Cabioch 1965; Feral 1979, 1980; this study); Northern British Islands, Faroe Islands (Oestergren 1906; Lieberkind 1929); Tatihou Island, Normandy, France (Oestergren 1906), Ireland (Massy 1920; Koennecker and Keegan 1973; Feral 1979); Denmark (Mortensen 1924); Swedish and Norwegian waters (Hansen and McKenzie 1991).	en	Samyn, Yves, Sonet, Gontran, d'Acoz, Cedric d'Udekem (2021): Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Oestergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
