taxonID	type	description	language	source
33EBE97CCFA852D7B8C258D1950EF582.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Astyanax sp. differs from A. lacustris by having teeth in maxillary bone; conspicuous humeral spot vertically oriented; hyaline fins slightly reddish. It is also diagnosed by having teeth tetracuspidate to heptacuspidate in the inner series of premaxillary bone forming a notch; dentary teeth decreasing abruptly in size from fourth tooth; 6.5 scales above the lateral line; iii + 19 or 20 anal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
ABDF2D3DD745529AB1F45EA357076475.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Phalloceros harpagos differs from P. uai by having gonopodium with hook in the two gonopodial appendages in males positioned close to the appendages; distal half of the appendage narrower than proximal half; urogenital papilla centralized in females, positioned between anus and the base of first anal fin ray.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
F8E39FF68AD457F3A313C903E90DEA1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leporinus amblyrhynchus differs from its congeners by a longitudinal dark band on the sides of the body and 8 - 10 transversal dark bands on the dorsal region.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
EFAC6900AA6E578BA2C74E0DBD73D16D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leporinus copelandii differs from its congeners by having three rounded or slightly rectangular spots conspicuously distributed in median line of the body, respectively below dorsal fin, below adipose fin and at the end of caudal peduncle; and all fins presenting reddish color.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
05F29396D4255758B8696E0F683803AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Prochilodus costatus is diagnosed from its congeners by having 44 - 47 perforated scales in the lateral line; 8 - 9 scales between the origin of dorsal fin and lateral line.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
96E77B53C6415753B216E5FF45378994.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hypomasticus mormyrops differs from H. thayeri by the moderate lips; mouth ventral; premaxillary and dentary teeth anteriorly oriented when mouth is closed; first teeth (close to the symphysis in the premaxilla and dentary) larger than the others.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
1B76E6BFD66D52BC84DE4025068746B4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hypomasticus thayeri differs from H. mormyrops by the upper lip developed; mouth subterminal, not facing down; premaxillary teeth posteriorly oriented and dentary teeth anteriorly oriented when mouth is closed; three anterior teeth of premaxilla and dentary with similar size. Figure 3. Characiformes species from the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, Minas Gerais state, Brazil A Hypomasticus thayeri, MNRJ 43577, 91.1 mm SL B Characidium fasciatum, MNRJ 48435, 68.8 mm SL C Characidium sp. A, MNRJ 46861, 65.5 mm SL D Characidium sp. B, MNRJ 48460, 56.2 mm SL E Characidium sp. C, MNRJ 46911, 42.3 mm SL F Astyanax lacustris, MNRJ 48521, 52.6 mm SL G Deuterodon giton, MNRJ 48129, 47.5 mm SL H Deuterodon intermedius, MNRJ 47840, 42.1 mm SL I Deuterodon pedri, MNRJ 48381, 65.5 mm SL J Deuterodon aff. taeniatus, MNRJ 45824, 55.5 mm SL K Hasemania nana, MNRJ 48440, 28.4 mm SL L Hasemania sp., MNRJ 48416, 25.1 mm SL M Oligosarcus argenteus, MNRJ 48393, 82.6 mm SL N Piabina argentea, MZUSP 110200, 44.2 mm SL O Psalidodon rivularis, MNRJ 48516, 46.8 mm SL P Psalidodon sp. MNRJ 48128, 59.4 mm SL Q Hoplias intermedius MZUSP 54696, 40.4 mm SL.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
434A5299894C5B91ACB58734BA548ED8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leporellus vittatus is diagnosed by having two longitudinal dark stripes on upper and lower lobes and one on the caudal fin median rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
CF68FA2504FB57C3967B99328657D193.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leporinus marcgravii differs from its congeners by having several conspicuous maculae throughout the lateral line and smaller maculae above and below lateral line; hyaline or slightly darkened fins base.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
0639C6A206B15DBFA146AAC50AFBCCBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leporinus taeniatus differs from its congeners by dark macula in the maxilla and reddish pigmentation under the longitudinal dark band.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
9DE205DFC43C52A0A523BC6E3AACF72A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characidium fasciatum differs from Characidium sp. A by the high or little tapered snout; adult specimens with vertical bars without defined shape or almost missing in the lateral of the body; narrow longitudinal dark band occupying less than one scale; pigmentation on caudal fin rays not forming conspicuous bands or just forming narrow bands. Distinguished from Characidium sp. B by having 36 or 37 perforated scales in the lateral line; four series of scales below lateral line.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
F9AA8CE3894A51038F02ECBAE14E100A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characidium sp. A differs from its congeners of this study by having very tapered snout; wide and conspicuous vertical bars in the lateral of body in both juveniles and adults specimens; longitudinal dark band occupying one or more scales; one-two dark, wide and conspicuous bands in half of caudal fin rays and another in the base of first and posterior caudal fin ray.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
E013586C05615B699F230873178C5CA7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oligosarcus argenteus is diagnosed by having 17 - 24 teeth in maxillary bone; 44 - 48 perforated scales in lateral line; 8 - 9 series of scales above and 6 - 8 below lateral line; iv-v + 20 - 25 branched rays in the anal fin; 17 - 20 scales around caudal peduncle.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
523AFB0F879857DEA647B13C3BAB685A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Bunocephalus hartii is diagnosed by the absence of hooks throughout anterior margin of spine of pectoral fin; posterior ray of dorsal fin completely or almost adnate to dorsum. Figure 4. Siluriformes species from the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, Minas Gerais state, Brazil A Bunocephalus hartti, MZUSP 064227, 44.7 B Trichomycterus melanopygius, MNRJ 47902, 85.2 mm SL C Trichomycterus sp. A, MNRJ 47901, 87.4 mm SL D Trichomycterus sp. B, MNRJ 46932, 57.0 mm SL E Callichthys callichthys, MNRJ 48501, 58.2 mm SL F Euryochus thysanos, MNRJ 47897, 74.4 mm SL G Harttia intermontana, MNRJ 48463, 42.4 mm SL H Hypostomus francisci, MZUSP 37162, 66.8 mm SL I Neoplecostomus sp. A, MNRJ 46935, 73.0 mm SL J Neoplecostomus sp. B, MNRJ 48431, 43.0 mm SL K Pareiorhaphis scutula, MNRJ 48471, 88.1 mm SL L Pareiorhaphis vetula, MNRJ 46936, 40.4 mm SL.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
618A64F91F3B5A7CB92930A6F222A594.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deuterodon giton differs from its congeners of the study area by having dentary teeth decreasing gradually in size until the sixth or seventh tooth; dentary with more than five cusps (usually seven or eight); infraorbital 3 totally exposed, with almost no naked area prior to preopercle; infraorbital 3 shiny due to high concentration of guanine crystals and low concentration of chromatophores.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
8329C6173C5359819D1B32CBA3879CA0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deuterodon intermedius can be distinguished from its congeners of the study area by the absence of space in the symphysis of dentary; five tetracuspidate to hexacuspidate teeth in the inner series of the premaxillae; infraorbital 3 without chromatophores; small humeral spot, sometimes slightly rounded in smaller specimens; no more than 1.5 scales below the lateral line; 35 - 37 perforated scales in the lateral line	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
BFDABD75C1CF582D8A453276518C11D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deuterodon aff. taeniatus differs from its congeners of the study area by the presence of a space in the symphysis of dentary; infraorbital 3 with high concentration of chromatophores; usually verticalized humeral spot with a lower comma-shaped feature, reaching 2.5 scales below the lateral line; 32 - 39 perforated scales in the lateral line; iii-v + 17 - 24 anal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
3E3715FD7F365029B8386882CA724CC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deuterodon sp. differs from its congeners from the study area by having five hexacuspidate to heptacuspidate teeth in the inner series of the premaxillae; cusps straight, not forming notch; infraorbital 3 with naked area anteriorly, and below it; low concentration of chromatophores in the infraorbital 3; inconspicuous humeral spot slightly verticalized, straight anteriorly and straight or half-moon shaped posteriorly; 5.5 scales above lateral line; iii + 21 anal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
9C69093A15DC5F9F9E10D001036B926E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hasemania nana differs from Hasemania sp. by having 13 - 19 branched rays in anal fin and absence of rounded blotch in the median caudal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
7C343141CF0F5FA38226B91D5AD493B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hasemania sp. differs from H. nana by having 11 - 14 branched rays in anal fin and presence of rounded blotch in the base of median caudal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
B0BCB7DD30225CE3BB2B1AAB2CFECB04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Euryochus thysanos is diagnosed by having rounded and short inferior lip, leaving a large naked area in the ventral portion of head; inferior lip with barbel developed; 30 - 35 bicuspidate teeth in the premaxillary and dentary bones; absence of hypertrophied odontodes.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
3DAEE0BF18E15C4ABF5440C11A966D16.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hypostomus sp. differs from H. francisci by having black and large spots in the head and throughout the body.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
B7D241CEECC8582EACBAD083CE02E096.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Astyanax lacustris differs from Astyanax sp. by the absence of teeth in maxillary bone; a conspicuous oval humeral spot arranged horizontally; hyaline fins usually yellowish, more evident in the caudal fin. It is also diagnosed by having 33 - 36 perforated scales in lateral line; 26 - 29 branched rays in anal fin; 6.5 - 7.5 scales above and 5.5 - 6.5 scales below lateral line.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
19061D70D178517BBA01FB773981726E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characidium sp. B differs from its congeners from the study area by predorsal length less than 45 % of total length; lateral vertical bars absent or without defined shape; dark maculae on caudal fin not forming defined bands.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
CDC74734CEEE54508B5D3CBD50B561E3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Piabina argentea is diagnosed by having longitudinal dark band in the lateral of the body; dark spot in caudal peduncle absent; 18 - 21 rays in anal fin.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
5205CA9ED13C5856B1E0A8D2076A503D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Psalidodon sp. can be distinguished from its congeners from the study area, except of P. rivularis, by higher body anteriorly to dorsal fin origin; from A. rivularis by having premaxilla slightly in front of dentary in lateral view; five narrow teeth aligned in the inner series of premaxillary bone; two narrow vertical lines of chromatophores surrounding border of abdominal scales; small hooks in pectoral and anal fins in mature males.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
A79FB3C00D4C50A38E48CE1812008C61.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hoplias intermedius is diagnosed by having 4 - 6 pores in lateral sensory system of the ventral surface of dentary; 42 - 46 perforated scales in lateral line; dark or light brown color in head and body.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
FD49DC5624EF5FA88322D1AE67CBBFDD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trichomycterus alternatus differs from its congeners of the rio Doce and rio Sao Francisco basins by having seven branchiostegal rays; yellowish to light brown body color; rectangular or rounded sequential dark maculae at the midline of the body, sometimes fused and with a vermicular pattern, or forming a narrow stripe from the post-opercular region to the base of caudal fin; a row of rectangular sequential middorsal maculae, round or fused to maculae of the midlateral of the body; subtruncate caudal fin.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
FE672EB402055A499EB38B5496961750.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Neoplecostomus sp. B differs from Neoplecostomus sp. A by the maxillary barbels developed; premaxillary teeth and dentary with close cusps; median cusp more developed than lateral one; plates between dorsal and adipose fin not meeting.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
2BE880EDE3AD58038E5BC280E55F9DD8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trichomycterus melanopygius differs from its congeners of the study area by the absence of evident maculae, spots, streaks and / or stripes on the flanks and dorsum of the body; i + 7 (rarely i + 8) pectoral fin rays; dark band in the median caudal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
EFBB8D80BCB65D4E90927B6C1C442F52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Psalidodon rivularis differs from its congeners of the study area by having premaxilla aligned with dentary in lateral view; four or five wide teeth in the inner series of premaxilla (if present, the fifth tooth is too small or not aligned with others); chromatophores surrounding abdominal scales and in higher concentration on the base of scales; developed scales in pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
22F173E96F285A6E9A0B90B5E1C4A882.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trichomycterus sp. A is distinguished from its congeners of the study area by the spotted body due to high concentration of large maculae with no defined shape; caudal fin strongly truncated; eight branchiostegal rays; few dorsal procurrent rays (14 or 15).	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
D69E368E43A054C0B6D9DACD603F1610.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trichomycterus sp. B differs from its congeners of the study area by having nine branchiostegal rays; high concentration of rounded dark spots on the head and sides of the trunk, dorsum, and belly, which may fuse and form small vermiculations; rounded caudal fin.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
D5751C61FA0A5473962C2A00217E5E05.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Phalloceros uai differs from P. harpagos by having gonopodium with small left hook facing down or up and forward in males, situated near to gonopodial appendage base; right hook absent; urogenital papilla directed to the right side in females, positioned laterally; anal opening in contact with first anal fin ray or close to it.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
C996908437AE58E9A739D38EAFB7E7D8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Harttia sp. differs from H. intermontana by inferior region of orbit straight; compressed and narrow plates with developed odontodes in the dorsal and ventral region of caudal peduncle.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
E62C1C5DC8C3511B93A14EA4325B5A1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Harttia intermontana differs from Harttia sp. by having orbit rounded; short and wide plates with poorly developed odontodes in the dorsal and ventral region of caudal peduncle.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
42DF86E5AED65C99A79CC4462E1699E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hypostomus francisci can be distinguished from Hypostomus sp. by pale small, rounded spots in the whole body, including in the fins; spine of the dorsal fin slightly smaller than predorsal distance.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
769FCF87923758E296F5E4A063004054.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Australoheros mattosi differs from Australoheros sp. by having XVI-XVII + 9 - 11 dorsal fin rays; VII-VIII + 9 anal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
8EB4F228B8155D4BBFDD22E43949A93E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Neoplecostomus sp. A differs from Neoplecostomus sp. B by the maxillary barbels poorly developed; premaxillary teeth and dentary with separate cusps and large concavity between them; lateral and central cusps with similar size; no developed papillae between branches of dentary; plates between dorsal and adipose fin meeting on the back of the dorsum.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
9D5AD67153535383A83C324C580070B1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characidium sp. C differs from its congeners from the study area by predorsal length up to 55 % of total length; vertical bars always arranged above and below the lateral line in a " y " or " yy " shape; weak of narrow dark band on caudal fin.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
238B295FCEA55E7095CB77E04A3C64EE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pareiorhaphis scutula differs from its congeners of the study area by having abdomen with small plates covered by skin from the pectoral fin region to insertion of pelvic fins; fins with pale yellow and light brown spots.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
039EDB19AF085B8FAE3A92E62564CA6E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pareiorhaphis vetula can be distinguished from its congeners of the rio Doce basin by inferior lip with maxillary barbels completely adnate; elongated and pointed urogenital papilla.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
2EDDE782C26F58F081526068207DC94E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pareiorhaphis sp. differs from Pareiorhaphis scutula by the abdomen without plates; from P. scutula and P. vetula by the pectoral, pelvic and anal fins with clear color; dark caudal with clear borders. Pareiorhaphis sp. can still be distinguished from Pareiorhaphis vetula by inferior lip with developed maxillary barbels; urogenital papilla with normal size, not elongated.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
A2494A3CDF715D83A5E262470178E19E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Brycon opalinus is diagnosed from its congeners by having one humeral spot and another in the caudal peduncle, never extending up to median caudal fin rays; tubules of the lateral line without secondary branches.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
AEA8BF57477251A7A123A514D0ACCD14.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Gymnotus carapo group is diagnosed by having the mouth upturned, pronate; rictus curved ventrally; eyes positioned below half of median line of the head; branchial opening throughout the posterior margin of opercle; oblique and conspicuous dark bands in the lateral of the body, from dorsal region to ventral surface of preanal; longitudinal band reaching the base of the anal fin.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
C26726AF818C54C69B7D4707A0DE3711.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eigenmannia virescens is diagnosed by having small branchial opening, smaller than the snout; body light brown, maculae absent.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
E5D67FF4D2595FF08F5752DEAA8B6FD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Synbranchus marmoratus group is diagnosed by having dark-brown color on dorsal region of body and light brown below the midline and head; many rounded dark spots or irregularly shaped dark spots throughout the whole body; dark stripe composed by fusion of many dark spots in ventrolateral region of head.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
E704874160F35AE0B379AA9E200904EC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Australoheros sp. differs from A. mattosi by having XVIII + 7 dorsal fin rays; VIII + 7 anal fin rays.	en	dos Santos, Sergio Alexandre, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro (2021): The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaco mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys. ZooKeys 1054: 25-66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554
