taxonID	type	description	language	source
305647291C255456859F22FC3B5FDE44.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
305647291C255456859F22FC3B5FDE44.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Italy • 2 living colonies; Ionian Sea, E Sicily, Ciclopi Island MPA; samples Ciclopi 2000 4 E and 14 G; 37 ° 32 ' 2 8 " - 37 ° 34 ' 30 " N, 15 ° 8 ' 59 " - 15 ° 11 ' 1 " E; 52 and 90 m; 16 Jul. 2000; A. Rosso leg.; dredging; DC and DL Biocoenoses; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 84 a. Italy • 27 living and 10 dead colonies / fragments; Ionian Sea, SE Sicily, Gulf of Noto; 36 ° 41 ' 45 " - 36 ° 57 ' 48 " N, 15 ° 8 ' 35 " - 15 ° 20 ' 0 " E; PS / 81 cruise; samples CR 1, 9 B and 10 C; 45, 44 and 60 m; Jul. 1981; I. Di Geronimo leg.; dredging; DC Biocoenoses; and 3 living colonies; Noto 1996 cruise; samples 6 C and 9 E; 45 - 50 m; 1996; E. Mollica leg.; dredging; VTC and DC Biocoenoses; PMC Rosso-collection I. H. B 84 c. Italy • 5 living colonies; Iberian-Provencal Basin, NW Sardinia, Capo Caccia-Punta Giglio MPA; samples Bisbe 1, Bisbe 2 and Falco 1; 40 ° 35 ' 40 " N, 8 ° 11 ' 39 " E; 7 - 8 m; Jun. 2009; V. Di Martino leg.; submarine cave; scuba diving; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 84 b. France • 11 dead colonies; Iberian-Provencal Basin, Corsica, off Calvi; sample CL 74; 42 ° 47 ' 31 " N, 9 ° 8 ' 10 " E; 150 - 110 m; G. Fredj leg.; dredging; DL Biocoenosis; PMC Rosso-collection Fr. H. B 84 d. Greece • 1 dead colony; NE Aegean Sea, Lesvos Island, Agios Vasilios cave; sample AV 1; 38 ° 58 ' 9 " N, 26 ° 32 ' 28 " E; ca. 30 m, V. Gerovasileiou leg.; submarine cave; scuba diving; PMC Rosso-collection Gr. H. B 84 e.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
305647291C255456859F22FC3B5FDE44.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting multiserial, unilaminar, forming subcircular patches; interzooidal communications typically via two proximolateral, two distolateral and three distal pore-chamber windows, 48 - 122 (71 + / - 25, N = 10) x 16 - 26 μm (20 + / - 3, N = 10) along lateral walls. Autozooids polygonal, 529 - 742 (644 + / - 66, N = 14) x 347 - 582 (458 + / - 66, N = 14) μm (mean L / W = 1.41), distinct, the boundaries marked by narrow grooves between the slightly raised vertical walls (Fig. 2 D, E). Frontal shield flat to slightly convex, coarsely, densely and evenly granular; 5 - 8 marginal areolae only occasionally distinguishable from pseudopores; pseudopores circular to elliptical (6 - 16 μm in diameter), numbering 30 - 42 (fewer in periancestrular zooids), placed in the proximal half of the zooid (Fig. 2 E); area between orifice and ascopore imperforate. Primary orifice transversely D-shaped, 100 - 110 (105 + / - 7, N = 2) x 129 - 141 μm (135 + / - 8, N = 2) (mean OL / OW = 0.78; mean ZL / OL = 6.14); hinge-line straight or concave, smooth, without condyles and denticles. Five, occasionally six, articulated oral spines, 170 - 310 μm long (diameter of the base 25 - 42 μm), the proximalmost pair bi- to trifurcated, the tips sometimes curved towards the centre of the orifice (Fig. 2 A, B); joints brown. Ascopore field an area of smooth, gymnocystal calcification, placed 50 - 80 μm below the orifice, transversely elliptical, 48 - 122 x 61 - 110 μm, narrow distally, more extensive proximally and developing a prominent, pointed mucro not concealing the ascopore; ascopore subcircular, 22 - 43 μm in diameter, with a dozen of radial spines (Fig. 2 F, G). Avicularia paired, 72 - 170 (103 + / - 29, N = 37) x 46 - 103 (67 + / - 13, N = 37) μm (mean AvL / AvW = 1.53), located distolaterally, the complete crossbar at the same level of the orifice hinge-line (Fig. 2 D, E); rostrum short, arched or truncated distally and open-ended, distally directed. Mandible brown, 387 - 659 μm long, setiform, typically curved, lying on the distal zooid (Fig. 2 A). Ovicell subglobular and semi-immersed, 143 - 235 (195 + / - 29, N = 15) x 262 - 378 (329 + / - 38, N = 15) μm (mean OvL / OvW = 0.59), non-personate, not obscuring the proximal part of the orifice, closed by the operculum during brooding (Fig. 2 A, C, D), in the same colony either kenozooidal (Fig. 2 C, D black arrows) or produced by the distal autozooid (Fig. 2 D white arrow); surface finely granular, imperforate; a proximal rim of gymnocystal calcification occupying about one-third of the ooecium length, forming a raised visor-like rim; proximalmost pair of spines (branched) visible in ovicellate zooids. Ancestrula tatiform (Fig. 2 E), oval (424 x 324 μm), gymnocyst more extensive proximally than laterally, about 150 μm wide; opesia pyriform (270 x 180 μm), surrounded by a smooth, flared cryptocyst with the undulate marginal rim indented by ten gymnocystal spines (six distal, two median, three proximal). Ancestrula budding two distolateral autozooids, often regenerated as a small autozooid lacking avicularia (Fig. 2 F).	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
305647291C255456859F22FC3B5FDE44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. In the Mediterranean, M. appendiculata has been reported from several localities and usually in shelf habitats, associated with coarse detritic bottoms, often encrusting shells and calcareous algae (Gautier 1962; Rosso 1996 a, b; Madurell et al. 2013; Chimenz Gusso et al. 2014), as well as from shadowed microhabitats associated with Cystoseira s. l. communities (e. g., Campisi 1973; Rosso et al. 2019 a). It also occurs in submarine caves of NW Sardinia (Fraschetti et al. 2010) and near Monaco (J. - G. Harmelin, pers. comm., May 2021) in the Iberian-Provencal basin, at the transition between coralligenous and semi-dark cave habitats. Microporella appendiculata has been also collected in dark sectors of Agios Vasilios cave in Lesvos, Greece (Rosso et al. 2019 b) and (as M. umbracula) in the Mitigliano cave in the Sorrento peninsula, Italy (Balduzzi et al. 1989; Balduzzi and Rosso 2003).	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
E820C8E6652A5CD28446FC68D3407541.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
E820C8E6652A5CD28446FC68D3407541.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, multiserial. Autozooid frontal shield densely pustulose and centrally pseudoporous. Orifice transversely D-shaped; hinge-line smooth with rectangular condyles at corners; five or six oral spines, two visible in ovicellate zooids. Ascopore field circular to elliptical; ascopore opening bean-shaped, with small tongue and radial spines. Avicularium single, located at half zooidal length, directed laterally or slightly disto-laterally; crossbar complete; rostrum lanceolate, channelled. Ovicell produced by the distal zooid, personate with collar enclosing the ascopore and forming a bridge between the orifice and the ascopore, producing two secondary openings.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
E820C8E6652A5CD28446FC68D3407541.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (Fig. 3 A); interzooidal communications through four elliptical, lateral (two proximo- and two disto-lateral), and two rounded, distal pore chamber windows (38 - 67 x 16 - 21 µm). Autozooids hexagonal, 460 - 522 (494 + / - 31, N = 3) x 411 - 476 (433 + / - 37, N = 3) µm (mean L / W = 1.16), boundaries marked by narrow, sinuous grooves and / or a raised rim. Frontal shield slightly convex, densely and evenly pustulose, with 11 - 25 circular (diameter 5 - 20 µm) pseudopores, irregularly distributed centrally; 3 - 6 marginal areolae, often indistinguishable from pseudopores (Fig. 3 C, D). Orifice transversely D-shaped, 83 - 95 (89 + / - 5, N = 6) x 141 - 170 (150 + / - 11, N = 6) µm (mean OL / OW = 0.60; mean ZL / OL = 5.47), outlined by a thin, raised (relative to the surrounding frontal shield) rim; hinge-line straight, smooth, with a pair of rectangular condyles at corners (Fig. 3 E). Oral spines five or six (diameter of the base 18 - 27 μm), evenly spaced (Fig. 3 C, E); proximalmost pair of spines sometimes visible in ovicellate autozooids, embedded between the proximal margin of the ooecium and the personate collar (Fig. 3 D, G). Ascopore field a very narrow, subcircular area of gymnocystal calcification, 35 - 42 x 46 - 70 μm, located 35 - 47 μm below the orifice, at the same level as the orifice but slightly raised relative to the adjacent frontal shield; opening bean-shaped, 32 - 37 x 9 - 19 μm, with a small, subcircular tongue projecting from distal edge and tiny radial denticles (Fig. 3 E). Avicularium single, relatively large, 134 - 190 (165 + / - 18, N = 10) x 86 - 109 (97 + / - 9, N = 10) μm (mean AvL / AvW = 1.70), located laterally, on either side, at about half zooidal length (Fig. 3 B-D, G); crossbar complete, thin; rostrum long, lanceolate, channelled and open-ended, directed laterally or distolaterally, often raised distally on a smooth, gymnocystal cystid. Mandible lanceolate, 220 - 245 μm long, slightly longer than the rostrum (Fig. 3 B, F). Ovicell subglobular and slightly prominent, 147 - 239 (187 + / - 34, N = 8) x 262 - 343 (309 + / - 33, N = 8) μm (mean OvL / OvW = 0.60), produced by and continuous with frontal shield of distal zooid, personate, obscuring distal half of the orifice; calcification fabric similar to frontal shield but with smaller pseudopores (diameter 3 - 8 μm); distal boundary marked by a row of larger pseudopores; proximal margin of gymnocystal calcification forming a raised visor-like band (e. g., Fig. 3 B-D). Personate structure of the ovicell with a collar enclosing the ascopore and forming a bridge of two fused flaps between the orifice and the ascopore, producing two secondary openings (Fig. 3 D, F, G); secondary orifice transversely elliptical, 71 - 137 x 180 - 218 μm; secondary opening over the ascopore trumpet-like (38 - 52 x 83 - 145 μm). Ancestrula tatiform partially overgrown (four spines still visible) and regenerated as an autozooid without avicularium.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
E820C8E6652A5CD28446FC68D3407541.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin prefix bi -, two / double, and the adjective collaris, pertaining to the neck, referring to the bridging structure between the orifice and the ascopore appearing as a double collar.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
E820C8E6652A5CD28446FC68D3407541.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Microporella bicollaris sp. nov. is presently known only from Porto Cesareo MPA (Gulf of Taranto, southwestern Apulia, NE Ionian Sea), and the Mazzere submarine cave in the Plemmirio MPA (western Ionian Sea). All colonies are from shallow waters, collected in photophilic algae or found in a semi-dark submarine cave.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
1C0DEB923BEA586990684C04DDC056C7.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
1C0DEB923BEA586990684C04DDC056C7.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Italy • 1 dead colony; Ionian Sea, SE Sicily, Gulf of Noto; sample WP 120; 36 ° 44 ' 26 " N, 15 ° 10 ' 3 " E; 50 m; 1996; E. Mollica leg.; dredging; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 85 a.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
1C0DEB923BEA586990684C04DDC056C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Awaiting a general revision of specimens reported from all over the world, focusing on the Mediterranean Sea, the occurrence of Microporella ciliata to date is only confirmed in the Gulf of Naples (SE Tyrrhenian Sea) and the Gulf of Noto (W Ionian Sea).	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
B37BD229D79B5D099676EE6DBCEB16ED.taxon	description	Figs 5, 6	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
B37BD229D79B5D099676EE6DBCEB16ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, multiserial. Autozooid frontal shield densely pustulose and sparsely pseudoporous. Orifice transversely D-shaped; hinge-line smooth with blunt condyles close to corners; four thin oral spines, hidden in ovicellate zooids. Ascopore field semi-elliptical; ascopore opening an arched fissure marked by a distal tongue with radial spines. Avicularium usually single, same level as or proximal to the ascopore, occasionally paired, directed distolaterally; crossbar complete; rostrum lanceolate, channelled. Ovicell non-personate.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
B37BD229D79B5D099676EE6DBCEB16ED.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting multiserial, unilaminar (Fig. 5 C, D) with zooids arranged in alternate rows often disrupted on particularly irregular substrata; interzooidal communications through 6 - 8 elliptical pore chamber windows (40 - 65 x 18 - 26 µm). Autozooids usually hexagonal to rhomboidal but sometimes irregularly shaped, 307 - 587 (434 + / - 73, N = 20) x 284 - 439 (357 + / - 59, N = 20 µm) (mean L / W = 1.21), boundaries marked by narrow grooves and raised rims of lateral walls (Figs 5 F, 6 B, G). Frontal shield slightly convex with polygonal and flat-topped pustules giving a tessellate appearance, and pierced by circular (diameter 6 - 12 µm), irregularly distributed pseudopores, usually numbering 10 - 30 but more numerous in some colonies; 2 - 4 marginal areolae, elliptical to fissure-like, barely visible or distinguishable from pseudopores (Figs 5 F, 6 B). Orifice transversely D-shaped, 75 - 94 (81 + / - 5, N = 20) x 109 - 145 (122 + / - 10, N = 20) µm (mean OL / OW = 0.67; mean ZL / OL = 5.33), outlined by a thin, slightly raised rim; hinge-line straight, smooth, with a pair of small triangular, blunt condyles close to corners (Fig. 5 F). Oral spines four, occasionally five or six (diameter of the bases 10 - 14 μm), evenly spaced, the proximal pair located at orifice mid-length; spines hidden in ovicellate autozooids (Fig. 6 B, E). Ascopore field a small and very narrow, transversely semi-elliptical area marked by a thin raised gymnocystal rim, 28 - 36 x 30 - 50 μm, located 25 - 50 μm below the orifice, at the same level as the frontal shield; opening transversely C-shaped, 20 - 30 x 6 - 10 μm, with a subcircular tongue projecting from distal edge, and relatively few, tiny, radial denticles. Avicularium most often single (Figs 5 E, F, 6 B, D), occasionally paired (Fig. 5 C) or absent (Figs 5 C, E, 6 C), relatively large, 75 - 120 (98 + / - 13, N = 20) x 55 - 91 (71 + / - 11, N = 20) μm (mean AvL / AvW = 1.39), located laterally, on either side, in the distal zooidal half, same level as or proximally to the ascopore (Figs 5 B, F, 6 B, E) but on irregularly shaped zooids occasionally placed in the proximal part; crossbar complete, thin; rostrum triangular, channelled and open-ended, directed laterally or distolaterally, often distally raised on a smooth, gymnocystal cystid (Fig. 5 F). Mandible 160 - 180 μm long, setiform, with a hook at about one-third of its length that clamps it to the rostrum tip, crossing the whole zooid when open (Fig. 5 A, B). Ovicell subglobular and prominent, 185 - 241 (214 + / - 25, N = 4) x 290 - 314 (297 + / - 11, N = 4) μm (mean OvL / OvW = 0.72), produced by and continuous with frontal shield of distal zooid, obscuring distal part of the orifice; calcification fabric similar to frontal shield but with smaller and more prominent pustules; pseudopores small (diameter 5 - 10 μm), densely packed at the periphery, absent centrally (Fig. 6 B, E). Kenozooids smaller than or nearly as large as autozooids, lacking openings such as orifices and ascopores but sometimes equipped with avicularium (Fig. 6 A, F). Ancestrula not observed.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
B37BD229D79B5D099676EE6DBCEB16ED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Ichnusa the Latinized form of the ancient Greek name for Sardinia.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
B37BD229D79B5D099676EE6DBCEB16ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Microporella ichnusae sp. nov. is presently known only from submarine caves in the Capo Caccia-Isola Piana MPA, in NW Sardinia. However, it is possible that some previous records of M. ciliata, to date the only Microporella species with a single avicularium considered as widespread in the Mediterranean, belong to this species.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
F3362B3489CD5BCD9F16D51A30679D19.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
F3362B3489CD5BCD9F16D51A30679D19.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Italy • 30 dead colony fragments, 8 of which bilaminar, 1 pseudovinculariform and the majority encrusting on Cellaria internodes; Ionian Sea, E Sicily, Ciclopi Islands MPA; Ciclopi 2000 cruise; sample 2 G, 8 I, 9 G, 12 E, 12 F, 12 G; 37 ° 34 ' 4 " N, 15 ° 10 ' 51 " E; 63 - 95 m; Jul. 2000; DC, DE-DL, DL Biocoenoses; A. Rosso leg.; dredging; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 a. Italy • 1 living colony, Ionian Sea, E Sicily, Ciclopi Islands MPA; sample SM 1 Z 25; 37 ° 38 ' 17 " N, 15 ° 10 ' 53 " E; 25 m; Jun. 2015; R. Leonardi leg.; scuba diving; IA Biocoenosis; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 a 1. Italy • 2 living colonies fouling on a plastic bag; Ionian Sea, E Sicily, Gulf of Ognina, North of Catania; 37 ° 31 ' 52 " N, 15 ° 6 ' 59 " E; 4 m; 11 Feb. 2012; V. Grado leg.; scuba diving; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 b. Italy • 15 living colonies on Posidonia leaves; Ionian Sea, E Sicily, S of the Gulf of Catania, Castelluccio; 37 ° 18 ' 32 " N, 15 ° 7 ' 59 " E; beached; 6 Feb. 2019; A. Rosso leg.; hand-collected; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 c. Italy • 3 living and 1 dead colony fragments; Ionian Sea, SE Sicily, Plemmirio MPA, Granchi submarine cave; sample GR 1; 37 ° 00 ' 18 " N, 15 ° 18 ' 35 " E; 23 m; 14 Sep. 2009; V. Di Martino leg.; scuba diving; C and GSO Biocoenoses; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 d. Italy • 16 living and 32 dead colony fragments, nearly all on Cellaria internodes, Ionian Sea, SE Sicily, Gulf of Noto; 36 ° 41 ' 45 " - 36 ° 57 ' 47 " N, 15 ° 8 ' 35 " - 15 ° 20 ' 00 " E; PS / 81 cruise; samples CR 1, 2 XB, 4 C, 4 X, 9 B, 9 C, 9 D, 10 C, 11 E; 45 m (living), 44 - 120 m (dead); I. Di Geronimo leg.; dredging; and 25 living and 25 dead colony fragments, nearly all on Cellaria internodes; Noto 1996 cruise; samples 3 C, 5 E, 7 E, 10 G, 10 I, WP 120; 20 - 82 m (living), 90 - 107 m (dead); 1996; E. Mollica leg.; dredging; C, DC, DE and DL Biocoenoses; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 e. Italy • 2 living colonies, Ionian Sea, Gulf of Taranto, Amendolara Bank; samples 1 D and 5 D; 39 ° 51 ' 42 " - 39 ° 52 ' 54 " N, 16 ° 42 ' 00 " - 16 ° 43 ' 24 " E; 30 - 40 m; Jun. 1991; R. Sanfilippo leg.; dredging; DC Biocoenosis; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 f. Italy • 4 living and 3 dead colonies; Sicily Strait, Pelagie Islands MPA, Lampedusa Island; submarine caves: Taccio Vecchio I, 35 ° 31 ' 29 " N, 12 ° 35 ' 58 " E, 20 m; Grotta della Madonna, 35 ° 30 ' 2 " N, 12 ° 33 ' 25 " E, 15 m; Grotta dello Scoglio di Fora, 35 ° 30 ' 25 " N, 12 ° 33 ' 33 " E, 10 m; Jun. 2009; V. Di Martino leg.; scuba diving; C and GSO Biocoenoses; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 g. Italy • about 100 living colonies, mostly on Posidonia leaves, soft algae, light calcified Peissonnelia spp. and calcified thin-branched geniculate corallines; Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands, Marettimo Island; sample ECE 5; 37 ° 56 ' 59 " N, 12 ° 3 ' 56 " E; 8 m; summer 2007; A. Sinagra leg.; IA and HP Biocoenoses; scuba diving; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 h. Italy • 6 living and 2 dead colony fragments, 2 of which bilaminar; southern Tyrrhenian Sea, SW Ustica, Apollo Bank; 38 ° 42 ' 19 " N, 13 ° 7 ' 58 " E; 60 m; Jun. 1986, dredging and scuba diving; Laminaria rodriguezii Bornet, 1888 seagrass and associated DC; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 i. Italy • 7 living colonies; Iberian-Provencal Basin, Asinara MPA; samples PSE and PSI 1; 41 ° 6 ' 59 " N, 8 ° 18 ' 6 " E; 5 - 15 m; A. Sinagra leg.; scuba diving; IA Biocoenosis; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 j. Italy • 1 dead colony, southern Adriatic Sea, off Apulia, Bari canyon; sample 1 B 1; 41 ° 17 ' 29 " N, 17 ° 9 ' 14 " E; 280 m; 29 May 2012; F. Mastrototaro leg.; dredging; PMC Rosso-Collection I. H. B. 86 k.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
F3362B3489CD5BCD9F16D51A30679D19.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Microporella modesta was previously reported exclusively from off Algeria (Di Martino et al. 2020 a), but the material studied here as well as specimens figured in recent literature (Hayward and McKinney 2002; Chimenz Gusso et al. 2014) widen its geographical distribution. The species appears to be widely distributed in the Mediterranean where it occurs in the Iberian-Provencal basin, the Tyrrhenian, Ionian, and Adriatic seas as well as in the Sicily Strait. The species seems widely distributed in shallow shelf habitats with preference for the vegetate bottoms of the infralittoral zone and the Coralligenous Biocoenosis, with the possibility to extend into semi-dark caves. Findings from deeper (mid-shelf) particulate bottoms are largely represented by dead colonies / fragments possibly indicating a displacement.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. Italy • a few living colonies, Sicily Strait, Egadi Islands, Marettimo Island; 37 ° 56 ' 43 " N, 12 ° 5 ' 3 " E; sample EBE 4; 19 m; summer 2007; A. Sinagra leg.; IA-HP Biocoenoses; scuba diving; PMC Rosso Collection I. H. B. 87 a.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, multiserial. Autozooid frontal shield granular and centrally pseudoporous. Orifice transversely D-shaped; hinge-line smooth with rectangular condyles at corners; five (more commonly) to eight oral spines, the proximalmost pair placed slightly below the orifice hinge-line and very large in diameter. Ascopore field reniform to elliptical, developing a mucro proximally; ascopore opening transversely C-shaped, with tongue and radial spines. Avicularium single, located at half zooidal length, directed distolaterally; crossbar complete; rostrum triangular, channelled. Ovicell produced by distal autozooid, non-personate.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar, forming subcircular patches less than 1 cm in diameter, consisting of several tens of zooids, typically on Posidonia leaves; interzooidal communications through pore chamber windows along lateral walls (44 - 99 x 12 - 20 μm), two elliptical pairs placed proximolaterally and distolaterally, and a single distal one more rounded. Autozooids hexagonal, 374 - 510 (442 + / - 50, N = 24) x 257 - 346 (290 + / - 31, N = 24) µm (mean L / W = 1.52), distinct with interzooidal boundaries marked by deep grooves between salient vertical walls (Fig. 8 A), often exposing the smooth, lateral gymnocyst. Frontal shield nearly flat proximally, slightly convex disto-centrally, finely to coarsely granular and pseudoporous (Fig. 8 C, D); granules 5 - 10 µm in diameter, irregularly spaced; 6 - 18 pseudopores, circular (7 - 25 μm in diameter), irregularly arranged, mostly centrally in the proximal half of the zooid; 3 - 6 marginal areolae, usually visible at zooidal corners, those placed proximally and laterally fissure-like (up to 90 μm long), the single or paired distal ones rounded (20 µm in diameter). Orifice transversely D-shaped, 75 - 93 (84 + / - 6, N = 15) x 89 - 127 µm (108 + / - 12, N = 15) (mean OL / OW = 0.78; mean ZL / OL = 5.17), outlined by a thin and smooth raised rim; hinge-line straight, smooth, with a pair of rectangular condyles at corners (Fig. 8 B). Five (Fig. 8 B) (occasionally 6 - 8: Fig. 8 G) oral spines; the proximalmost pair robust, the base 36 - 51 µm in diameter, horn-shaped, terminally tapering and bending, placed slightly below the level of the orifice hinge-line, persisting in ovicellate autozooids (Fig. 8 E); the three (occasionally 4 - 6) distal spines thinner (base diameter 13 - 32 μm). Ascopore field a reniform to elliptical area of smooth gymnocystal calcification (39 - 78 x 45 - 102 μm), more extensive proximally, developing a pointed, upward directed mucro not concealing the ascopore opening, placed 30 - 60 μm below the orifice, slightly depressed relative to the adjacent frontal shield (Fig. 8 D); opening transversely C-shaped, 32 - 64 x 7 - 18 μm, with subcircular tongue projecting from distal edge and radial, tiny denticles. Avicularium single, often absent (e. g., 40 % of zooids without avicularium in a colony of 42 zooids), moderately large, 76 - 115 (94 + / - 10, N = 33) x 48 - 78 μm (63 + / - 9, N = 33) (mean AvL / AvW = 1.50), located laterally, on either side, at about half zooidal length; crossbar complete; rostrum short, rounded triangular, channelled, directed distolaterally, often raised distally on a smooth, gymnocystal cystid (Fig. 8 C). Mandible 143 - 224 μm long, pointed, with a hook at about one-third of its length that clamps it to the rostrum tip, lying proximally to ascopore when open (Fig. 8 G). Ovicell non-personate, subglobular, prominent, 216 - 320 (251 + / - 23, N = 20) x 241 - 312 (288 + / - 22, N = 20) μm (mean OvL / OvW = 0.87), obscuring half to two-thirds of the zooidal orifice, formed by and continuous with frontal shield of distal zooid (Fig. 8 E) (occasionally of two zooids), lateral gymnocystal margins raised, exceeding boundaries of the autozooid on which it lies; calcification fabric similar to frontal shield but with smaller and more widely-spaced granules, sometimes completely smooth centrally and with a rounded mucro (Fig. 8 A, E); imperforate except for 12 - 18 large pseudopores aligned in a peripheral row, closely and evenly spaced, separated by radial ridges, rounded quadrangular, 17 - 42 μm in diameter, plus an additional, discontinuous inner row of 4 - 6 smaller, circular pseudopores (5 - 10 μm). Ancestrula tatiform, oval (300 x 218 μm), gymnocyst moderately developed, more extensive proximally (Fig. 8 F); opesia subcircular, surrounded by a well-developed, smooth cryptocyst, more extensive proximally, narrowing distally, outlined by a thin elevated rim indented by ten gymnocystal spines (six distal, two median, two proximal). Ancestrula budding two distolateral autozooids, followed by two lateral and two proximolateral ones.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Greek pachys, meaning thick, and the Latin spina meaning spine, referring to the robust proximalmost pair of oral spines.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
519057F24BF554DE97FB33BC254677C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Presently known only from shallow waters off Egadi Islands, at the western limit of the Sicily Strait in the Mediterranean Sea, associated with Posidonia meadows and the Infralittoral Algae Biocoenosis.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
5360DFB11A10559198EB6F5D4542B501.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
5360DFB11A10559198EB6F5D4542B501.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Italy • 1 dead colony fragment consisting of ca. 14 zooids (some incomplete), none fertile; Tyrrhenian Sea, Palinuro Cape, Scaletta submarine cave; sediment sample; 40 ° 1 ' 35 " N, 15 ° 16 ' 7 " E; 46 m; 14 Sep. 2009; R. Leonardi leg.; scuba diving; PMC Rosso Collection I. H. B. 88 a.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
5360DFB11A10559198EB6F5D4542B501.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar. Autozooids irregularly polygonal, rounded, 435 - 676 (510 + / - 80, N = 7) x 255 - 427 µm (342 + / - 68, N = 7) (mean L / W = 1.49), distinct, with interzooidal boundaries marked by a narrow, raised, gymnocystal rim (Fig. 9 A). Frontal shield nearly flat to slightly convex, densely and coarsely granular and irregularly pseudoporous; granules 5 - 25 µm in diameter; 20 - 30 pseudopores, circular (5 - 12 μm in diameter), sparse in the proximal two-thirds of the zooid; 4 - 6 marginal areolae, usually visible at zooidal corners, circular to elliptical (10 - 40 µm long). Orifice transversely D-shaped, 90 - 107 (94 + / - 5, N = 10) x 118 - 143 (132 + / - 9, N = 10) µm (mean OL / OW = 0.71; mean ZL / OL = 5.43); hinge-line straight, smooth to slightly crenulated; in each corner a short, blunt, triangular condyle directed distally (Fig. 9 B). Oral spine bases four or five, 10 - 18 µm in diameter, evenly spaced, the proximalmost pair at about one-third of orifice length (Fig. 9 B). Ascopore field a narrow, elliptical area of smooth gymnocystal calcification (33 - 44 x 39 - 55 μm), placed 22 - 30 μm below the orifice, slightly depressed relative to the adjacent frontal shield; ascopore opening divided by thin radial septa, usually with a distinct tongue extending proximally from the distal edge (Fig. 9 B). Avicularium single, sometimes absent (two out of 14 zooids without avicularium in the fragment available), 93 - 123 (107 + / - 12, N = 9) x 70 - 87 (79 + / - 6, N = 9) μm (mean AvL / AvW = 1.36), located distolaterally, on either side; crossbar complete; rostrum short, triangular, not channelled, directed distolaterally, sometimes slightly raised distally (Fig. 9 A, B). Mandible, ovicells and ancestrula not observed. Subsequent intramural budding observed in avicularia.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
5360DFB11A10559198EB6F5D4542B501.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Presently known only from the Palinuro Peninsula, along the Tyrrhenian coast of Campania (southern Italy). A dead colony was collected from the biogenic muddy sediment covering the floor of a completely dark sector of the Scaletta submarine cave, at 46 m depth where the colony presumably lived.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
51F39AB304185A95A2A0AE1A1529BDFC.taxon	description	Figs 10, 11	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
51F39AB304185A95A2A0AE1A1529BDFC.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Italy • 2 colonies and 10 fragments (living), 17 colonies and 62 fragments (dead), some very large, some regenerated and twisted; Ionian Sea, SE Sicily, Ciclopi Islands MPA; Ciclopi 2000 cruise; samples 2 G, 3 H, 4 E, 6 H, 8 F, 8 H, 8 I, 9 G, 10 G, 12 E, 12 F, 12 G, 13 H, 14 G; 37 ° 32 ' 39 " - 37 ° 34 ' 31 " N, 15 ° 8 ' 58 " - 15 ° 11 ' 1 " E; 63 - 92.5 m; Jul. 2000; A. Rosso leg.; dredging; C, DC, DE, and DL Biocoenoses; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 a. Italy • 11 living and 33 dead colonies / large fragments, 1 dead colony including the base; off Acitrezza; sample AC / L, AC / 1 B; coordinates unknown; 50 and 110 m; 1980; I. Di Geronimo leg.; dredging; pre-Coralligenous and DL Biocoenoses; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 a 1. Italy • 12 living and 315 dead colonies / fragments; Ionian Sea, Gulf of Noto; 36 ° 41 ' 45 " - 36 ° 57 ' 47 " N, 15 ° 8 ' 35 " - 15 ° 20 ' 00 " E; PS / 81 cruise; samples 2 C, 4 X, 9 D (living) and samples 2 B, 2 C, 2 XA, 2 XB, 4 C, 4 C 1, 4 X, 6 D, 9 C, 9 D, 10 C, 11 E (dead); Jul. 1981; I. Di Geronimo leg.; dredging; DC and DL Biocoenoses; and 11 living colonies; Noto 1996 cruise; samples 8 I, 10 G, 10 H; 77 - 82 m; 1996; E. Mollica leg.; dredging; DE and DL Biocoenoses; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 b. Italy • 18 dead colonies; Ionian Sea, Gulf of Catania; sample LCT 69; 37 ° 18 ' 42 " N, 15 ° 14 ' 24 " E; 90 m; Jul. 1980; I. Di Geronimo leg.; dredging; DL Biocoenosis; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 c. Italy • 4 dead colonies; Ionian Sea, Gulf of Taranto, Amendolara Bank; samples 1 D and 5 D; 39 ° 51 ' 42 " - 39 ° 52 ' 54 " N, 16 ° 42 ' 00 " - 16 ° 43 ' 24 " E; 30 - 40 m; Jun. 1991; R. Sanfilippo leg.; dredging; DC Biocoenosis; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 g. Italy • 77 dead colonies and fragments; southern Tyrrhenian Sea, SW Ustica, Apollo Bank; 38 ° 42 ' 19 " N, 13 ° 7 ' 58 " E; 60 m; Jun. 1986, dredging; Laminaria rodriguezii Bornet, 1888 seagrass and associated DC Biocoenosis; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 d. Italy • 2 living colonies; Messina Strait; coordinates unknown; 65 m; 1990; S. Giacobbe leg.; dredging; no Biocoenosis information; PMC. Rosso Collection I. H. B- 17 g. France • 50 dead colonies; Iberian-Provencal Basin, Corsica, off Calvi; sample CL 74; 42 ° 47 ' 31 " N, 9 ° 8 ' 10 " E; 150 - 110 m; G. Fredj leg.; dredging; DL Biocoenosis; PMC. Rosso Collection F. H. B- 17 e. Greece • 4 dead colonies, Aegean Sea, Lesvos Island, Agios Vasilios cave; samples AV 1 and AV 2; 38 ° 58 ' 8 " N, 26 ° 32 ' 28 " E; 30 m; V. Gerovasileiou leg.; scuba diving; GSO and GO Biocoenoses; PMC. Rosso Collection GR. H. B- 17 f.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
51F39AB304185A95A2A0AE1A1529BDFC.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, rigid, branched, with a limited number of relatively spaced-out bifurcations, a few cm long, raising from an encrusting basal portion (Fig. 10 A), extending up to 3 mm around the main stem. Branches cylindrical, often flattened at bifurcations (Fig. 10 C, E), consisting of 9 - 16 longitudinal rows of zooids, alternating very regularly to simulate an helicoidal pattern; branch diameter 10 - 15 mm (exceptionally up to 20 mm), becoming thicker and stouter in older portions of the colony, near the encrusting base, owing to secondary calcification. Encrusting base unilaminar, multiserial (Fig. 10 A), formed by autozooids similar to those of the erect branches (Fig. 10 B) but with a greater number of oral spines (5 - 7, commonly six) and, subordinately, autozooids with occluded orifices (not functional) and / or kenozooids, often bearing an adventitious avicularium as those associated with autozooids. Interzooidal communications via basal pore-chambers in the encrusting portion (see Rosso et al. 2014: fig. 3 A) and via multiporous septula in the erect branches (Fig. 10 C). Autozooids rounded hexagonal to lozenge-shaped, 477 - 779 (661 + / - 93, N = 18) x 389 - 615 (493 + / - 68, N = 18) μm (mean L / W = 1.34), distinct, interzooidal boundaries marked by narrow, shallow, locally undulate grooves (Fig. 11 A, B, D). Frontal shield nearly flat, finely granular, and pseudoporous; about 10 marginal areolae distinguishable from frontal pseudopores only in early ontogeny because larger, subcircular to elongate elliptical, 25 - 65 μm long; 19 - 26 subcircular pseudopores, 20 - 30 μm in diameter, placed centrally on the frontal (Fig. 11 A, B, D). Transverse section of the branch showing thick frontal and vertical walls, converging towards the centre of the branch, forming wedge-like polypide cavities (Fig. 10 E, F). Primary orifice approximately semi-circular to horseshoe-shaped, 130 - 151 (143 + / - 6, N = 10) x 145 - 177 (161 + / - 10, N = 10) μm (mean OL / OW = 0.89; mean ZL / OL = 4.63), outlined by a thin and smooth raised rim (Fig. 11 C); hinge-line smooth, straight to slightly concave with two short, blunt lateral condyles and a smooth, proximal shelf sloping outwards; distal margin of the orifice corrugated because of a deeply placed, drawstring-like, arched rim seemingly functioning as support for the closed operculum. Oral spines four, occasionally five, thin (base diameter 15 - 20 μm), relatively short (60 - 90 µm), placed distally, often detached (Fig. 11 A, B, D). Ascopore field a narrow, reniform to U-shaped rim of smooth gymnocystal calcification, 50 - 60 x 57 - 80 µm, placed 65 - 80 μm below the orifice, same level as the orifice and the adjacent frontal shield; ascopore opening transversely C-shaped, 40 - 63 x 5 - 12 μm, with a massive, upside-down mushroom-shaped tongue projecting from distal edge with radial spines (Fig. 11 A, B). A single, constant, large avicularium, 121 - 156 (142 + / - 9, N = 20) x 119 - 139 (130 + / - 7, N = 20) μm (mean AvL / AvW = 1.09), located laterally, on either side, at about half zooidal length (Figs 10 B, C, 11 A, B, D, F); crossbar complete; rostrum short, rounded triangular, channelled, directed laterally or less often distolaterally and slightly upward. Mandible 142 - 273 μm long, with a pointed, hooked tip, toothed at the level of the rostrum tip, lining proximally to the ascopore when open (Fig. 11 F). Ovicell non-personate, subglobular, prominent, large, 250 - 327 (286 + / - 36, N = 4) x 384 - 430 (402 + / - 20, N = 4) μm (mean OvL / OvW = 0.71), formed by the distal autozooid, obscuring half of the zooidal orifice; calcification fabric similar to frontal shield but with larger and more prominent tubercles, and smaller (15 - 20 μm in diameter), more closely spaced pseudopores, seemingly radially aligned with rows separated by raised ridges; a discontinuous, peripheral row of larger pseudopores sometimes present (Figs 10 C, 11 B, E). Ancestrula tatiform (Fig. 10 A, B), oval (220 x 150 μm), gymnocyst concealed, cryptocyst smooth, narrowing distally; opesia oval (160 x 110 μm); only four, distal spines visible on the single ancestrula observed. Ancestrula budding two distolateral autozooids, and subsequently surrounded by two lateral and one proximal autozooids. Older colony parts thickly calcified owing to secondary calcification progressively obliterating zooidal openings including orifices, ascopores and avicularia (Fig. 10 D), making difficult the distinction between old autozooids and genuine kenozooids that probably also develop.	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
51F39AB304185A95A2A0AE1A1529BDFC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Microporella verrucosa is a warm-temperate species with Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution. In the Atlantic, it has been reported from West Africa to the southwest of the British Isles (Hayward and Ryland 1999); in the Mediterranean, it occurs preferentially in mid- and outer-shelf habitats below 50 - 60 m depth, with an optimum at 70 - 120 m (Gautier 1962; Zabala 1986; Rosso 1989, 1996 a; Rosso and Di Martino 2016), but it was also observed at shallower depths (20 m) in a shadowed open cave in Catalonia (Andre et al. 2014). It is associated with shadowed rocky habitats, including the Coralligenous and Semi-Dark and Dark Cave Biocoenoses, and detritic habitats, such as the Coastal Detritic and the Offshore Detritic Biocoenoses (Table 1; Gautier 1962; Harmelin 1969, 1976; Zabala 1986; Rosso 1989, 1996 a, 1996 b; Di Geronimo et al. 1990; Madurell et al. 2013; Rosso et al. 2014, 2019 b; Gerovasileiou and Rosso 2016). However, it is never very common or dominant at sample or habitat scale, occurring only with a few colonies per sample and / or in one out of four or five sampling stations (Table 1; see also Harmelin 1976: tables 1, 3).	en	Martino, Emanuela Di, Rosso, Antonietta (2021): Seek and ye shall find: new species and new records of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the Mediterranean. ZooKeys 1053: 1-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1053.65324
