identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D44787FEFFECFFDB53D127DB82CEF98C.text	D44787FEFFECFFDB53D127DB82CEF98C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus Zherikhin 1987	<div><p>Niphadomimus Zherikhin, 1987</p> <p>Zherikhin, 1987: 15 (species included: nigriventris, niger). Type species: Niphadomimus nigriventris Zherikhin, 1987 by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adults of the genus Niphadomimus can be immediately recognized from other wingless Asian weevils by the following unique combination of characters: (1.) rostrum longer than wide; (2.) prosternum anterior of procoxae with a shallow and broad depression (Fig. 11); (3.) mesoventrum at middle anterad of mesocoxae with distinct and sizable projection pointed ventrad, vertically sloped anteriorly and oblique posteriorly (Fig. 11). In its natural habitat Niphadomimus co-occurs with similarly wingless Colobodes Schoenherr and Niphadonyx Schenkling. Adults of these two genera are most easily separated from those of Niphadomimus by either widely separate procoxae and or by the claws having a sizable inner lobe (Meregalli 2013, fig. 2M), respectively.</p> <p>The original generic description by Zherikhin appears adequate, even though it did not refer to the internal structures, such as the proventiculus, or male and female genitalia. These and a few other characters are mentioned below in an attempt to elaborate the original Zherikhin description, which should also be consulted.</p> <p>Description. Fully apterous genus of Molytinae with elytra fused to each other and to metathorax. Length 2.45–6.27 mm. Colour dark, from reddish-brown to almost black; legs and elytra with bluish or reddish hue, sometimes partly bicoloured (Fig. 9A–B), never metallic or shiny. Antennal funicle with seven antennomeres. Procoxal cavities adjacent to each other (Fig. 11); prosternum anterad of procoxal cavities with depression at middle (Fig. 11), this depression normally in form of wide longitudinal groove marked by ridge on each side (Fig. 11H). Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen with numerous punctures (Fig. 11). Mesoventrum at middle anterad of mesocoxae with distinct and sizable projection pointed ventrad, vertically sloped anteriorly and oblique posteriorly (Fig. 11). Entire length of meso-metaventral suture between metacoxae formed by deep narrow transverse groove (Fig. 11) often separated at middle by septum into two equal parts (Fig. 11I). All femora with single variously developed femoral tooth at distal third. Scutellum with minute externally visible part. Elytra with nine punctate striae, odd interstriae with our without tubercles, some of which might be markedly enlarged (Fig. 4A–C). Proventriculus sclerotized and easily distinguishable (Fig. 8E). Male genitalia. Male abdominal sclerite 9 variously asymmetrically V-shaped (Fig. 3E), with long apodeme (= “spiculum gastrale”); sternite 8 consisting of two hemisternites (Fig. 3E). Aedeagus symmetrical, longer than wide, almost parallel sided and evenly rounded, without internal sclerites and with partly sclerotized walls on endophallus proximad to it (Fig. 3F–H); aedeagal apodemes about 1.5x as long as aedeagus; tegmen fully closed dorsally, with two asetose and weakly sclerotized parameral lobes each longer than wide. Female genitalia. Sternite 8 Y-shaped with setose apical lobes (Fig. 1G) and long apodeme; sternite 9 consisting of two hemisternites each formed by larger basal piece (= “coxite”) and smaller apical piece (= “stylus”) (Fig. 1E, F); spermatheca present (Fig. 2E).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFECFFDB53D127DB82CEF98C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFEDFFD853D124B9825EF9BD.text	D44787FEFFEDFFD853D124B9825EF9BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus alcyone Grebennikov 2014	<div><p>Niphadomimus alcyone sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 1, 2, 11A–B.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Holotype, female (Figs. 1, 11A). Genbank accession: KJ427731. Length: 2.78 mm. Color black; prosternal depression not delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth higher than its width at base and markedly developed (Fig. 2B); elytral interstriae not tuberculate.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation. Length 2.45–2.78 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (IZCAS): #2439, “P.R. CHINA, Sichuan, NE slope <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.02528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.889723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.02528/lat 29.889723)">Gongga Shan</a>, N29°53'23" E102°01'31", 08.vi.2011, 3886m, sift13, V.Grebennikov ”. Paratype (CNC), female (Figs. 2, 11B), #4429, “ CHINA, Sichuan, 23km E <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.82222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.6325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.82222/lat 32.6325)">Songpan</a>, N32°37'57" E103°49'20", 27.v.2012, 3761m, sifting 12, V. Grebennikov ”.</p> <p>Distribution. Gongga Shan and Songpan regions in Sichuan, China; in the Gongga Shan area sympatrically with N. celaeno sp. n. Elevation: 3761–3886 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Alcyone, one of the Pleiades, mother of Hyrieus, Hyperenor and Aethusa by Poseidon; noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFEDFFD853D124B9825EF9BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFEEFFD953D124A383DAF9A8.text	D44787FEFFEEFFD953D124A383DAF9A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus celaeno Grebennikov 2014	<div><p>Niphadomimus celaeno sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 3, 11C.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Holotype, male (Figs. 3, 11C). Genbank accession: KJ427748. Length: 4.17 mm. Color dark reddish; prosternal depression delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth not higher than its width at base and moderately developed; elytral interstriae evenly and pronouncedly tuberculate.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male (IZCAS): #2476, “P.R. CHINA, Sichuan, NE slope <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.03361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.869444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.03361/lat 29.869444)">Gongga Shan</a>, N29°52'10" E102°02'01", 12.vi.2011, 3620m, sift16, V.Grebennikov ”.</p> <p>Distribution. Gongga Shan region in Sichuan, China; sympatrically with N. alcyone sp. n. Elevation: 3620 m.</p> <p>.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Celaeno, one of the Pleiades, mother of</p> <p>Lycus and Eurypylus by Poseidon; noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFEEFFD953D124A383DAF9A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFEFFFD653D124D883E5F873.text	D44787FEFFEFFFD653D124D883E5F873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus electra Grebennikov 2014	<div><p>Niphadomimus electra sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 4, 11D.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Holotype, male (Fig. 4). Genbank accession: KJ427746. Length: 3.76 mm. Color dark reddish; prosternal depression delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth not higher than its width at base and weakly developed; elytral interstriae unevenly and pronouncedly tuberculate with those on interstria 3 markedly enlarged (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation. Length 3.18–4.64 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male (IZCAS): #2727, “P.R. CHINA, Yunnan, Cang Shan at <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.102776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.67" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.102776/lat 25.67)">Dali</a>, N25°40'12" E100°06'10", 05.vii.2011, 3740m, sift37, V.Grebennikov ”. Paratypes (CNC, CMN, IZCAS, MTD, ZIN): female, #0879, “P.R. CHINA, Yunnan, E slope Cangshan at <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.103584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.668777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.103584/lat 25.668777)">Dali</a>, N25°40'07.6 E100°06'12.9, 19.v.2010, 3887m, sifting18, V.Grebennikov ”; 50 exx, #2707–09 and 47 exx not numbered, “P.R. CHINA, Yunnan, Cang Shan at Dali, N25°40'07" E100°06'14", 04.vii.2011, 3890m, sift35, V.Grebennikov ”; 29 exx, #2728, #2729 and 27 exx not numbered, same data as holotype.</p> <p>Distribution. Eastern slope on Cang Shan range above the city of Dali, Yunnan, China; sympatrically with N. maia sp. n. Elevation: 3740–3890 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Electra, one of the Pleiades, mother of Dardanus and Iasion by Zeus; noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFEFFFD653D124D883E5F873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFE1FFD753D12723838BF8F6.text	D44787FEFFE1FFD753D12723838BF8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus maia Grebennikov 2014	<div><p>Niphadomimus maia sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 5, 11E.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Holotype, male (Figs. 5, 11E). Genbank accession: KJ427733. Length: 5.00 mm. Color black; prosternal depression delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth not higher than its width at base and weakly developed; elytral interstriae evenly and weakly tuberculate.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation. Length 5.00– 6.27 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male (IZCAS): #2730, “P.R. CHINA, Yunnan, Cang Shan at <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.102776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.67" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.102776/lat 25.67)">Dali</a>, N25°40'12" E100°06'10", 05.vii.2011, 3740m, sift37, V.Grebennikov ”. Paratypes (CNC, IZCAS, MTD): 8 exx, #2731–33 and 5 exx not numbered, same data as holotype.</p> <p>Distribution. Eastern slope on Cang Shan range above the city of Dali, Yunnan, China; sympatrically with N. electra sp. n. Elevation: 3740 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Maia, eldest of the seven Pleiades, mother of Hermes by Zeus; noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFE1FFD753D12723838BF8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFE1FFD453D1256A83C2FE58.text	D44787FEFFE1FFD453D1256A83C2FE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus merope Grebennikov 2014	<div><p>Niphadomimus merope sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 6, 11F.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Holotype, female (Figs. 6, 11F). Genbank accession: KJ427741. Length: 5.54 mm. Color</p> <p>black; prosternal depression delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth not higher than its width at base and moderately developed; elytral interstriae evenly and weakly tuberculate.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (IZCAS): #2201, “P.R. CHINA, Shaanxi, S slope <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.99083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.86111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.99083/lat 33.86111)">Qin Ling Shan</a>, N33°51'40" E108°59'27", 15.v.2011, 2000–2600m, sift01, V.Grebennikov ”.</p> <p>Distribution. Southern slope of Qinling Shan in Shaanxi, China. Elevation: 2000–2600 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Merope, youngest of the seven Pleiades who married Sisyphus, a mortal; noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFE1FFD453D1256A83C2FE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFE2FFD453D121BD8513FAFF.text	D44787FEFFE2FFD453D121BD8513FAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus niger Zherikhin 1987	<div><p>Niphadomimus niger Zherikhin, 1987</p> <p>niger Zherikhin, 1987 (Niphadomimus)</p> <p>Zherikhin, 1987: 18 (description)</p> <p>Type locality. Nepal, Ramechap [sic] Dist., between Jiri and Shivalaya, 2500– 1800 m.</p> <p>Type specimens. Holotype (not studied) originally cited as male and not dissected (SMNS). Described from the holotype.</p> <p>Material examined. None.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. As noted in the original description, this species is black in colour, subglobular in shape, and has non-tuberculate elytra, which are not markedly narrowed in their lateral outline before apices.</p> <p>Distribution. Ramechhap District in Eastern Nepal. Elevation: 1800–2500 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFE2FFD453D121BD8513FAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFE2FFD453D1279A84AAF812.text	D44787FEFFE2FFD453D1279A84AAF812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus nigriventris Zherikhin 1987	<div><p>Niphadomimus nigriventris Zherikhin, 1987</p> <p>Figs. 7–9, 11G–H.</p> <p>nigriventris Zherikhin, 1987 (Niphadomimus)</p> <p>Zherikhin, 1987: 17 (description)</p> <p>Type locality. Nepal, Terhathum Dist., Tinjura Dara, 2450–2850 m, mixed broad leafved [sic] forest.</p> <p>Type specimens. Holotype (Fig. 7) originally cited as female and not dissected (SMNS), label data not recorded when the specimen was studied in 2008. Described from the holotype.</p> <p>Other material examined. Male (Figs. 8, 11G) #0796 (CMN) “ Nepal, Khandbari District, " Bakan " W of Tashigaon, 3250m 4.iv.1982, A.&amp;Z.Smetana [p]”; female (Figs. 9, 11H) #4697 (CMN) “ Nepal, Nuwakot District, between Ghopte and Thare Pati, 3220m, 23.iv.1985, A.Smetana [p]”.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Color dark reddish; prosternal depression delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth not higher than its width at base and weakly developed; elytral interstriae unevenly and pronouncedly tuberculate with those on interstria 3 markedly enlarged (Figs. 7A–B).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation. Length: 4.04–4.55 mm.</p> <p>Distribution. Nuwakot, Sankhuwasabha and Terhathum districts in Eastern Nepal. Elevation: 2450–3250 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFE2FFD453D1279A84AAF812	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFE3FFD553D1228E8375FD95.text	D44787FEFFE3FFD553D1228E8375FD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus sterope Grebennikov 2014	<div><p>Niphadomimus sterope sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 10, 11I.</p> <p>Diagnostic description. Holotype, male (Figs. 10, 11I). Genbank accession: KJ427737. Length: 3.69 mm. Color black with reddish hue; prosternal depression delimited on each side by longitudinal keel; femoral tooth not higher than its width at base and moderately developed; elytral interstriae evenly and pronouncedly tuberculate.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation. Length 3.55–3.69 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype (Figs. 10, 11I) male (IZCAS): #4475, “ CHINA, Yunnan, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.09945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.349445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.09945/lat 27.349445)">Haba Shan</a>, N27°20'58“ E100°05'58", 19.vi.2012, 4114m, sift24, V. Grebennikov ”. Paratype (CNC): 1 ex, #4480, “ CHINA, Yunnan, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.09556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.350279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.09556/lat 27.350279)">Haba Shan</a>, N27°21'01" E100°05'44", 21.vi.2012, 4072m, sift26, V. Grebennikov ”.</p> <p>Distribution. Mount Haba in Yunnan, China. Elevation: 4072–4114 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Sterope, one of the Pleiades, mother of Oenomaus by Ares; noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFE3FFD553D1228E8375FD95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFF9FFCC53D1237682B7FC3C.text	D44787FEFFF9FFCC53D1237682B7FC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus	<div><p>Niphadomimus temporal phylogeography</p> <p>The most significant phylogeographic result is the detection of the relatively robust Niphadomimus tree with the sister group relations between the Qinling species N. merope sp. n. and the rest of the genus. Similarly to the genus Niphadomimus, numerous other Animalia clades are restricted in their distribution to the highlands of the southeastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau (Fig. 14, Favre et al. 2014), i.e. the eastern Himalayas (Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh), the Hengduan mountains (northern Myanmar and the adjacent parts of SW China) and the Qinling mountain range (Shaanxi). The Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens Cuvier) presently ranges longitudinally through Sichuan, Yunnan, northern Myanmar, Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal and unlike Niphadomimus it seems to be a recent inhabitant resulting from a post-glacial range expansion by this presumably highly mobile mammalian species (Le et al. 2005). The presumably less mobile Asian shrew-like moles (Uropsilus Milne-Edwards) have a distribution more closely matching that of Niphadomimus and exhibit a robust phylogeographic structure with their single sampled Qinling population nested deeply inside the Hengduan clade (Wan et al. 2013). The latter is not similar to the Niphadomimus pattern, where the Qinling species N. merope sp. n. forms the sister group to the rest from Hengduan (Fig. 14). The comparison of the Niphadomimus temporal phylogeography with the aforementioned examples should be done with caution, since they also rely on an a priori DNA substitution rate taken as the main dating source, which introduces a significant element of circular logic.</p> <p>Only a few works on the low dispersing wingless weevils distributed in temperate mountains are detailed enough to permit adequate comparison with the reported Niphadomimus phylogeographic results. Among them, Meregalli et al. (2013) offers the best reference point being the most comparable in size and nature to the DNA data, as well as dealing with a genus of high altitude wingless weevils distributed along the southern edge of the last glacial maximum in South Europe. The authors utilized 775 nt of 18 CO1 haplotypes representing seven Dichotrachelus Stierlin species sampled on the southern slopes of the Alps. They reported the mean interspecies p - distance in the range of 11.0–16.7%, which by using the 2.1% MY -1 sequence divergence rate dated the speciation events between 6.5 MY and 3.3 MY, i.e. from later Miocene to late Pliocene. They concluded that instead of being the main force behind the Dichotrachelus phylogeographic structure, the Quaternary glaciation cycles are primary responsible for the highly fragmented present day high-altitude species distribution. For the most part the conclusions on Dichotrachelus phylogeography match those for Niphadomimus, and conceivably suggest a common pattern, even though both studies used a markedly different sequence divergence rate for the same CO1 gene (2.1% MY - 1 in Meregalli et al. 2013, as compare to 3.6% MY -1 adopted here).</p> <p>Regardless of the uncertainties about the exact order of the bifurcation points in the (Niphadomimus except N. merope sp. n.) clade (compare Figs. 12 and 13), temporal analysis places all events leading to the origin of all presently recognised Niphadomimus species well before Pleistocene (the last dichotomy between N. celaeno sp. n. and N. strerope sp. n. taking place in mid Pliocene at about 3.64 MY; Fig. 13). These results add to the growing body of evidence denying the Pleistocene repeated glaciation and aridification effects of being the most important stimulus to the present day speciation. The mtDNA distance-based interpretation of Niphadomimus species diversification agrees well with the similar conclusions reached based on fossil records for the North American amphibians and reptiles (Holman 1995: 28) and mammals (Barnosky 2005). These similarities further corroborate the hypothesis that the Quaternary climatic changes do not represent the main driving force of the presently observed species diversity (Rull 2008). These Niphadomimus temporal results, however, should be taken only tentatively, since the generic tree (Fig. 13) is likely lacking many more extant branches for numerous hypothetically undetected species. If true, they will be likely inserted among those already known and some of them originating more recently, than what is presently hypothesised.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFF9FFCC53D1237682B7FC3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
D44787FEFFFBFFCA53D122818366FDB0.text	D44787FEFFFBFFCA53D122818366FDB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphadomimus	<div><p>Biology of Niphadomimus weevils</p> <p>No immature stages or a host plants are known for Niphadomimus and, therefore, all biological data is derived from what can be interpreted from the adult collecting circumstances. The genus, as presently known, consists of exclusively wingless and relatively high-altitude species, as least some of which are bisexual. All Niphadomimus specimens for which collecting information could be assessed (all, except Zherikhin’s two holotypes), have been collected by sifting forest litter in the Rhododendron -dominated forests or shrubs. None have been taken by opportunistically sampling under rocks in the alpine zone. The latter habitat is frequented by many other wingless high altitude weevils presumably for day time shelter. These latter species are normally not detected by sifting and are frequently found a relatively large distance away from the nearest woody vegetation, suggesting their independence from the latter resource. These considerations suggest that the species of Niphadomimus are not truly alpine species but rather inhabitants of the upper forest zone partly or fully dependant on wooded vegetation in their development and could not be expected to be found far from the food source.</p> <p>Another biological peculiarity of Niphadomimus weevils is their remarkable rarity in sifted samples, coupled with occasional abundance. The great majority (70–90%) of samples taken in the seemingly appropriate Rhododendron -dominated habitats in the localities where Niphadomimus is known to occur failed to record the genus (total number of samples not shown). When detected, the genus would normally be represented by a single specimen of a single species discovered after a few days of intense sampling. Consider that 11 among 14 Niphadomimus collecting events pertained indeed to singletons (all four specimens from Nepal, plus seven Chinese records, including the 2010 record of N. electra sp. n.). Only two samples from the Cang Shan Mountain Range taken within two days of 4–5.vii.2011 resulted in long series of N. electra sp. n., and, most uncommonly, one of them additionally included all nine presently known specimens of N. maia sp. n. (Fig. 15). It is extraordinary that both the exceptionally rich 2011 sites are located within one kilometre from each other, were equally diligently sampled a year earlier (18–19.v.2010) and provided only a singleton of N. electra sp. n., the first representative of the genus ever recorded in China. The latter results suggest strong and presently unexplainable temporal fluctuations of adult specimen density.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D44787FEFFFBFFCA53D122818366FDB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grebennikov, Vasily V.	Grebennikov, Vasily V. (2014): DNA barcode and phylogeography of six new high altitude wingless Niphadomimus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) from Southwest China. Zootaxa 3838 (2): 151-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.1
