identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DF223750FFE7CC3DFDCEFAD6156B0BA5.text	DF223750FFE7CC3DFDCEFAD6156B0BA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cradoscrupocellaria severoi Reverter-Gil & Souto 2021	<div><p>Cradoscrupocellaria severoi sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AF6D2F75-42FE-4AD5-A1A2-A8D587ECA7F7</p> <p>Figs 1–2; Table 1</p> <p>Scrupocellaria reptans – Templado et al. 2002: 203.</p> <p>? Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha – Zabala 1986: 318, fig. 88, pl. 3 figs a–d.</p> <p>? Scrupocellaria reptans – Zabala &amp; Maluquer 1988: 97, figs 159–160, pl. 5 figs a–b.</p> <p>Differential diagnosis</p> <p>Cradoscrupocellaria with erect, branched colonies, with internodes comprising 5–10 alternating autozooids. Chitinous joints passing across proximal gymnocyst of outer and inner zooids. Large scutum, stout and flat, highly branched, completely covering the opesia. Two inner spines and 3 outer spines. Small distolateral avicularium frequent. Large monomorphic frontal avicularium in outer zooids oriented upwards on the branch. Ovicells globular, wider than long, perforated by 10–18 rounded pores; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 2 outer spines.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is dedicated to Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (1905–1993), Spanish physician and biochemist, winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of nucleic acids.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype MEDITERRANEAN SPAIN • colony; Columbretes Islands; 39º87.967´N, 0º66.817´E; stn 277B15; depth 3–40 m; 1996; Fauna Ibérica IV exped.; MNCN 25.03/3059 (Figs 1A, D, 2A, D).</p> <p>Paratypes MEDITERRANEAN SPAIN • 1 colony; Columbretes Islands; 39º85.450´N, 0º67.617´E; stn 285B1; depth 42 m; 1996; Fauna Ibérica IV exped.; MNCN 25.03/2999 • several fragments; Columbretes Islands; 39º87967´N, 0º66817´E; stn 277B14; depth 7.5 m; 1996; Fauna Ibérica IV exped.; MNCN 25.03/3057, 25.03/4234 (Figs 1C, 2C) • several fragments; Columbretes Islands; 39º89.800´N, 0º68.883´E; stn 275B5; depth 35 m; 1996; Fauna Ibérica IV exped.; MNCN 25.03/3200 (Figs 1B, 2B).</p> <p>Other material</p> <p>Paralectotypes of Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha Gautier, 1962 (here designated, see explanation below):</p> <p>MEDITERRANEAN FRANCE • several fragments; Marseille, SW Cap Caveaux; stn 258; 1 Dec. 1952; Gautier leg.; MNHN-IB-2008-11319 • several fragments; same collection data as for preceding; MNHN- IB-2008-11321 (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Colony erect, up to 1 cm in height, branched, with internodes comprising 5–10 alternating autozooids. Internodes slender, almost straight, angled at axis, with acute bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints</p> <p>passing across proximal gymnocyst of outer (C and D) and inner zooids (F and G) at bifurcation. Autozooids cylindrical with straight sides. Oval opesia occupying two thirds of zooidal length; cryptocyst reduced to narrow rim around opesia. Large scutum inserted at midline of the inner edge of opesia, stout but relatively flat, its tips highly branched, fully developed and completely covering entire opesia. Distal spines short, unbranched; 2 inner and 3 outer spines, with outer distal spines closer to scutum; axial zooid with 5 spines. Small distolateral avicularium frequent and easily visible in frontal view. Monomorphic frontal avicularium often present in outer zooids of each internode; large but variable in size, with elongate rostrum 0.22–0.28 mm long, with fringed edges, proximally upright, with strongly hooked tip; mandible long, hooked distally. Vibracular chamber laterally placed on the basal surface of each zooid, visible in frontal view; chamber of vibraculum almost trapezoidal, with a proximal rhizoidal foramen; setal groove transverse to internode axis, straight, with smooth seta longer than one autozooid. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular and smooth. Ovicells globular, wider than long, with an even, almost straight proximal rim; ectooecium perforated by 10–18 rounded pores; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 2 outer spines. Ancestrula unknown.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The genus Cradoscrupocellaria has been recently described by Vieira et al. (2013). Nine already existing species were transferred to this genus, and the same authors described 18 new species.Among all these species, only C. gautieri Vieira, Spencer Jones &amp; Winston, 2013 and C. macrorhyncha (Gautier, 1962) show similarities with C. severoi sp. nov., mainly regarding the very stout scutum with truncate tips and the large frontal avicularia. The description of C. gautieri is based on a single sample collected by Gautier (1962) in Algeria. Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhyncha was redescribed by Vieira et al. (2013) based on the only original sample of Gautier deposited at NHMUK, designated as lectotype, and other Mediterranean samples by other authors. However, the MNHN collection includes two other original samples of Gautier from the same station as the lectotype that seem to have been overlooked in the redescription of the species, perhaps because in the museum’s catalogue and in the external labels of the samples both are simply marked as “ Scrupocellaria reptans ”: sample MNHN-IB-2008-11319 contains a handwritten label by Gautier stating “ Scrupocellaria reptans group? Dry specimen”; being written in English, it is highly probable that this sample together with the lectotype were sent by Gautier to A. Hastings at the NHMUK, and later returned. Sample MNHN-IB-2008-11321 (Fig. 3) includes a label handwritten by Gautier indicating “ Scrupocellaria reptans ? grand avic.”. Since both samples actually correspond to C. macrorhyncha and were collected by Gautier at the type locality of the species and studied by him, they should be considered as part of the type series and consequently considered as paralectotypes of the species according to Arts 73.2.2 and 74.1.3 of the ICZN Code (ICZN 1999).</p> <p>Cradoscrupocellaria severoi sp. nov. differs from C. macrorhyncha and C. gautieri by several characters: the frontal avicularium is monomorphic in C. severoi sp. nov. because the small columnar avicularium present in the other species is absent; this frontal avicularium is oriented upwards on the branch, not proximally (Figs 2A–B, 3C). The lateral avicularium is more frequent and more visible (Fig. 2A–B). In the bifurcations of C. severoi sp. nov., the chitinous joints pass through the gymnocyst of the external zooids (C and D) instead of through their opesiae (Figs 1C, 3A). The ovicell is wider than long in C. severoi sp. nov., usually uniformly perforated by small pseudopores (Figs 1D, 2A–B), whilst in C. macrorhyncha the ovicell is more spherical and usually exhibits an imperforate flat frontal area (Fig. 3B) (in C. gautieri the ovicell is unknown). The autozooids of C. severoi sp. nov. are clearly smaller than those of C. macrorhyncha, but similar in size to those of C. gautieri. Finally, the internodes are short in C. severoi sp. nov., formed by 5–10 autozooids (Fig. 1A–B), as in C. gautieri, but the scutum is flatter and not swollen as in that latter species.</p> <p>Cradoscrupocellaria severoi sp. nov. is known with certainty only from its type localities at the Columbretes Islands (Mediterranean Spain) between 3 and 42 m depth. Zabala (1986) reported Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha Gautier, 1962 from several Catalonian localities, but these records were later reassigned to S. reptans (Linnaeus, 1758) by Zabala &amp; Maluquer (1988). Vieira et al. (2013), however, stated that these specimens are distinct from C. macrorhyncha and C. reptans, as well as from C. ellisi (Vieira &amp; Spencer Jones, 2012), and that they may belong to a new undescribed species. Figures by Zabala (1986) and Zabala &amp; Maluquer (1988) are quite similar to C. severoi sp. nov., but the description given (actually an almost literal translation of the original description of S. macrorhyncha by Gautier) show several differences from the present description of the new species. A revision of the original material and collection of new material will be necessary to clarify which species was reported from Catalonia, as well as to determine the possible presence of C. severoi sp. nov. at other Iberian localities.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF223750FFE7CC3DFDCEFAD6156B0BA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Reverter-Gil, Oscar;Souto, Javier	Reverter-Gil, Oscar, Souto, Javier (2021): Two new species of cheilostomate Bryozoa from Iberian waters. European Journal of Taxonomy 760: 16-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1437, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1437
DF223750FFE0CC37FD9CFC43173B08E6.text	DF223750FFE0CC37FD9CFC43173B08E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Setosella margaritae Reverter-Gil & Souto 2021	<div><p>Setosella margaritae sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E9976DD1-53EC-4547-A766-37B1DEE466DF</p> <p>Figs 4–5, Table 2</p> <p>Setosella vulnerata – Reverter-Gil et al. 1992: 102, fig. 2; 2016: 28, fig. 4d. — Barcia Leal et al. 1993: 251. — Reverter-Gil 1995: 115, fig. 7. — Hayward &amp; Ryland 1998: 298, fig. 103. — Reverter-Gil &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001: 78 (shallow waters only). — De Blauwe 2006: 130, fig. 9; 2009: 252, figs 257–258.</p> <p>Non Setosella vulnerata – Jullien 1882: 28, pl. 17 fig. 66. — Calvet 1907: 394. — d’Hondt 1973: 367; 1974: 38. — Hayward 1979: 60. — Reverter-Gil &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001: 78 (deep waters only). — Templado et al. 2006: 208. — Reverter-Gil et al. 2014: 16. — Souto et al. 2016: 416, figs 33, 38. — Rosso et al. 2020: 403, figs 1–2 [= Setosella vulnerata (Busk, 1860)].</p> <p>Non Setosella vulnerata – Templado et al. 2002: 203. (= Setosella cyclopensis Rosso, Di Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020).</p> <p>Differential diagnosis</p> <p>Setosella with small, encrusting colonies. Autozooids small, oval, with opesia D-shaped or irregularly rounded, and two oval to tear-shaped opesiules, positioned close to opesia and directly beside lateral walls of zooid. Small interzooidal vibracula oval, positioned distolateral to each autozooid, always on the right side and often without exceeding distal edge of autozooid, especially in ovicelled ones. Ectooecium with transversely oval membranous window and granular endooecial surface underneath, with a small, central pore. Ancestrula oval, with cryptocyst occupying slightly less than half of the frontal area; opesia semielliptical, with straight or slightly concave proximal border.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is dedicated to Margarita Salas Falgueras (1938–2019), Spanish scientist, medical researcher, and author in the fields of biochemistry and molecular genetics. She was a disciple of S. Ochoa (see above).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype ATLANTIC SPAIN • colony on shell fragment; Galicia, Ría of Ferrol; 43º45.889´N, 08º293.33´W; depth 20 m; 13 Sep. 1989; Reverter-Gil leg.; MHNUSC 10120; (Fig. 4 A – B).</p> <p>Paratypes ATLANTIC SPAIN • several small juvenile colonies on shell fragment; same collection data as for holotype; MHNUSC 10121 (Fig. 4 C) • colony on shell fragment; same collection data as for holotype; MHNUSC 10122 (Fig. 5 C – D) • small eroded colony on shell fragment; Galicia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.514816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.758335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.514816/lat 43.758335)">Ría of Ferrol</a>; 43º45.500´N, 08º30.889´W; depth 12 m; 13 Sep. 1989; Reverter-Gil leg.; MHNUSC 10123 (Figs 4 D, 5 B).</p> <p>Other material</p> <p>ATLANTIC SPAIN • colony on maërl; Galicia, Ría of Vigo; 42º23.889´N, 08º79.369´W; depth 16 m; 16 Sep. 1986; Fernández-Pulpeiro leg.; MHNUSC-Bry 93a (together with Setosella sp.) (Fig. 5A) • colony on shell fragment; Galicia, Ría of Vigo; 42º23.139´N, 08º76.389´W; depth 9 m; 16 Sep. 1986; Fernández-Pulpeiro leg.; MHNUSC-Bry 93b • colony on shell fragment; Galicia, Ría of Vigo; 42º22.944´N, 08º88.056´W; depth 23 m; 2 Aug. 1985; Fernández-Pulpeiro leg.; MHNUSC-Bry 93c (together with Trypostega venusta (Norman, 1864) and Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766)) • colony on shell fragment; Galicia, Ría of Ferrol; 43º46.389´N, 08º26.333´W; depth 8 m; Jun. 2004; Reverter- Gil leg.; MHNUSC-Bry 656 (together with 12 spp. more).</p> <p>Lectotype of Setosella vulnerata</p> <p>NORTH SEA • UK, Shetland; Busk leg.; NHMUK 1899.7.1.1487 (see also Souto et al. 2016).</p> <p>Paralectotypes of Setosella vulnerata</p> <p>NORTH SEA • several colonies; UK, Shetland; Busk leg.; NHMUK 1911.10.1.760 (see also Souto et al. 2016).</p> <p>Other material of Setosella vulnerata</p> <p>MEDITERRANEAN SPAIN • Alboran Island; 35º83.550´N, 03º23.667´W; stn 313A; depth 118 m; 1996; Fauna Ibérica IV exped.; MNCN 25.03/3169 (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Material of Setosella cyclopensis</p> <p>MEDITERRANEAN SPAIN • Columbretes Islands; 39º87.217´N, 0º63.400´E; stn 283A; depth 80– 85 m; 1996; Fauna Ibérica IV exped.; MNCN 25.03/3149.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Colony encrusting, unilaminar, forming small discoidal patches of alternating autozooids and vibracula. Autozooids irregularly oval, with well-developed smooth gymnocyst proximally that narrows and steepens distally, lateral walls slightly raised, framing an evenly granular cryptocyst that is flat and depressed proximally, gently rising distally to the opesiules to form the proximal border of the opesia. Opesia D-shaped or irregularly rounded, wider than long, distal margin with some blunt, irregularly spaced denticles. Two oval to tear-shaped opesiules (ca 20 μm long by 10 μm-wide), located in distal depressed area of the cryptocyst, positioned close to the opesia (mean 36 μm) and directly beside the lateral walls of zooid, their inner edges sometimes with several sharp denticles; the size of both opesiules unequal, the left one slightly larger. Small interzooidal vibracula oval, positioned distolateral to each autozooid, always on the right side and often without exceeding the distal edge of the autozooid, especially in ovicelled ones. Wide oval opesia, sometimes slightly narrower in the middle; seta long and slender, curved, up to twice length of the autozooid. Communication of zooids via small uniporous septula. Some autozooids and vibracula show evidence of breakage and regeneration associated with the intramural budding (Fig. 5C–D). Ovicells terminal, with a brood cavity immersed within the distal part of the maternal zooid. Kenozooidal ooecium roughly level with the colony surface, forming shallow hood covering distal end of the maternal zooid from which it is budded. Proximal ooecial margin forming the distal part of the zooidal orifice; ectooecium with transversely oval membranous window and granular endooecial surface underneath, with a small, central pore. Ovicellate zooids dimorphic, slightly wider distally, with orifices distinctly broader and campanulate in outline. Distal budding of autozooids and vibracula in ooecium-producing zooid retained. Ancestrula oval, with cryptocyst relatively smooth, occupying slightly less than half of the frontal area; opesia semi elliptical, with straight or slightly concave proximal border. Astogenesis beginning with one distal and two lateral autozooids; later zooids more irregularly arranged. The ancestrula also buds the two typical caudate vibracula of the genus: one short caudate, budded mid-laterally on the left side, and the other long caudate, budded distally, and sometimes curved to the right. On one occasion, however, this pattern was reversed, with the short vibraculum budded on the right side (Fig. 4C).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The genus Setosella and all the species ascribed to it are at present well described under current standards. Setosella vulnerata, the type species of the genus, was redescribed by Souto et al. (2016). Rosso et al. (2020) redefined the genus itself as well as two known species (S. cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 and S. spiralis Silén, 1942) and three new species (S. alfioi Rosso, Di Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020, S. cyclopensis Rosso, Di Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020 and S. rossanae Rosso, Di Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020). Another species, S. folini Jullien, 1882, was redescribed by Souto et al. (2011). Finally, an undescribed species was reported from Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) as S. aff. cavernicola (see Reverter-Gil et al. 2012; Rosso et al. 2020).</p> <p>Setosella margaritae sp. nov. differs from S. vulnerata (see redescription by Souto et al. 2016) as well as from S. cyclopensis, quite a similar species, by several characters: the vibracula of S. margaritae sp. nov. are much smaller, about half the size, and characteristically shifted laterally on the right side, often without exceeding the distal end of the autozooid (especially in ovicelled zooids), instead being distal or only slightly distolateral. The autozooids are oval and clearly smaller in S. margaritae sp. nov. The opesiules are shorter, oval to tear-shaped, instead slit-like or elongated; moreover, the opesiules are located closer to the opesia and directly beside the lateral walls of the zooid, instead of away from the opesia and the lateral walls. The window of the ectooecium in S. margaritae sp. nov. is transversally oval, whilst in S. vulnerata and S. cyclopensis it is roughly circular, much smaller in the former species, much larger in the latter. Finally, the colonies of S. margaritae sp. nov. are very small, encrusting mainly shell fragments in shallow waters, as opposed to larger colonies encrusting mainly coarse sand, granules and fine pebbles in deeper waters in the other species.</p> <p>At the same time, Setosella folini and S. alfioi differ from S. margaritae sp. nov. most obviously by their uniserial, free-living colonies. Setosella cavernicola, S. rossanae and Setosella sp. (as S. aff. cavernicola in Reverter-Gil et al. 2012) differ by their circular opesiules, four or even up to five in the latter two species. Finally, S. spiralis differs by the much larger autozooids and vibracula, with opesiules located further away from the opesia, and by colonies with spirally arranged zooids typically in a single rightcoiled row.</p> <p>In the past, we have considered our own material to be similar to typical Setosella vulnerata. That is why we have cited deep material as Setosella sp. (see Reverter-Gil et al. 2012). But after the redescription of S. vulnerata by Souto et al. (2016) the situation has turned out to be just the opposite. Our previous records of S. vulnerata from shallow waters of Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) are here assigned to S. margaritae sp. nov.: from the Ría of Ferrol at 8–20 m depth, and from the Ría of Vigo at 9–23 m depth, both on shell fragments (Reverter-Gil &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001 and present data). These colonies are very small, formed by very few autozooids, but are fertile because ovicells are formed even in the first or second generations of periancestrular zooids (Figs 4A, C, 5A). Moreover, the material of S. vulnerata reported and figured by De Blauwe (2006, 2009), collected on shells at 10–25 m depth in Belgium (North Sea), also belongs to S. margaritae sp. nov. These colonies are larger than the Galician ones, but present the same characters, also including ovicells in the first or second generations of zooids (see De Blauwe 2009: figs 257–258; accessible also through WoRMS 2020: http://www.marinespecies.org/photogallery.php?album=709&amp;pic=25695#photogallery and http://www.marinespecies.org/photogallery.php?album=709&amp;pic=25696#photogallery). Moreover, the description and figures of S. vulnerata in Hayward &amp; Ryland (1998) fit the present description of S. margaritae sp. nov., at least the shallow-water material referred to there. Accordingly, the species is quite possibly distributed in shallow waters along the Atlantic coast of Europe, from the North Sea to at least the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. Its occurrence in other areas should be confirmed by reviewing previous citations of S. vulnerata. In a previous paper (Reverter-Gil et al. 2012), we already suggested that previous records of S. vulnerata might correspond to several different species.</p> <p>Conversely, previous records of Setosella vulnerata in Atlantic Iberian deep waters (Cachucho [= Le Danois Bank], Galicia, Portugal and Gulf of Cadiz) actually belong to this species (see Jullien 1882; Calvet 1907; d’Hondt 1973, 1974; Hayward 1979; Harmelin &amp; d’Hondt 1992; Reverter-Gil &amp; Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001 only deep waters; Reverter-Gil et al. 2014; Souto et al. 2016), as is also the case for records published as Setosella sp. by Reverter-Gil et al. (2012) (see also Souto et al. 2016; Rosso et al. 2020).</p> <p>There are a few more previous records of Setosella vulnerata in Iberian waters: the record from Alboran Island, at 118 m depth, made by Templado et al. (2006) actually corresponds to S. vulnerata (see material examined and Fig. 6) as well as the recent records published by Ramalho et al. (2020) in a nearby area between 95 and 440 m depth. However, the record from Columbretes Islands (Mediterranean Spain), at 80 m depth, made by Templado et al. (2002) actually belongs to S. cyclopensis (see material examined; unfortunately, this sample is currently unavailable for photography). Thus, this is the first Iberian record of this Mediterranean species. We have no further information about the records published by Zabala et al. (1993) from the Blanes Canyon at 180–350 m depth and by Madurell et al. (2013) from Cap de Creus at 104–225 m depth (Catalonia), but based on the given depths these records may belong to S. vulnerata or to S. cyclopensis.</p> <p>Following Souto et al. (2016) and Rosso et al. (2020), Setosella vulnerata is distributed in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean, although several Atlantic and Mediterranean occurrences still need to be checked. As already stated by Rosso et al. (2020) it is likely that S. vulnerata is actually restricted to deep habitats from the shelf break and the continental slope.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF223750FFE0CC37FD9CFC43173B08E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Reverter-Gil, Oscar;Souto, Javier	Reverter-Gil, Oscar, Souto, Javier (2021): Two new species of cheilostomate Bryozoa from Iberian waters. European Journal of Taxonomy 760: 16-31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1437, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1437
