taxonID	type	description	language	source
D46187FD2816675BA3A65491FF15F9C3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Wingspan 10 – 14 mm. A full description is provided by Gielis (2006). This species can be distinguished from the other genera listed in Table 1, except Lantanophaga Zimmerman and Stenoptilodes Zimmerman, by the presence of both a distinct termen and white subterminal line of the forewing anterior lobe. The metathorax in P. caribica is dark brown dorsally and white laterally. It differs from Lantanophaga and Stenoptilodes in having both the dorsum of the metathorax and first abdominal segment dark brown as opposed to solid cream or white. Characters of the male and female genitalia further distinguish P. caribica. In males, the uncus is short and does not protrude beyond the tegumen anterior margin as in Lantanophaga and Stenoptilodes, the anellus arms are elongated, and the phallus terminates in a distinct spine. In females, P. caribica differs from Stenoptilodes in having a well-developed lamina ante-vaginalis and from Lantanophaga pusillidactyla by the absence of apophyses anteriores and distinct lateral lobes. Male genitalia (Fig. 1). Uncus simple, very short, originating anterad of distal margin of tegumen. Tegumen weakly bilobed. Valvae symmetrical. Cucullus acutely tapered to curved, moderately sclerotized pointed apex just exceeding sacculus. Sacculus bilobed. Basal part rounded, widest distally, bearing fringe of stout setae along mesal margin. Distal part of sacculus with mesal margin sclerotized, with 2 short dentate processes directed toward dorsal margin of valve and terminating in curved dentate process subtending apex of cucullus. Saccus extended as uniformly narrow arm, about half valve length, terminus forked into pair of recurved claw-like structures. Juxta triangular with pair of long narrow anellus arms. Anellus arms about three-fourths valve length and bearing few short setae spaced along length. Phallus strongly curved, with blunt opening and terminating ventrally in thorn-like process. Caecum well-developed. Widened cuticular part of ductus ejaculatorius curved with short narrow connection to base of phallus. Cornuti absent. Female genitalia (Fig. 2). Papillae anales weakly sclerotized, setose. Apophyses posteriores slender, length 3 – 4 × papillae anales. Apophyses anteriores absent. Ostium centrally placed, comprised of sclerotized labiate ring and concealed by overriding quadrate lamina ante-vaginalis. Lamina ante-vaginalis width about equal to ostium diameter but slightly constricted just posterad of ostium, length exceeding 3 × width, extending midway to posterior margin of sternite VIII, terminus weakly bilobate. Ostium and lamina ante-vaginalis flanked by lateral lobes. Lobes with width similar to that of lamina ante-vaginalis; apically rounded, extending caudally to about middle of lamina ante-vaginalis. Antrum poorly defined except for overlying basal part of lamina. Ductus bursae narrow, width less than 0.5 × antrum, length about equal to lamina and 0.5 × that of corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis filamentous, inception near middle of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate, with paired elongate signa. Signa transversely aligned with corpus bursae, length similar to ostium diameter, margin finely serrate.	en	Matthews, Deborah L., Pérez, Mervin E. (2014): Description of the natural history and immature stages of Postplatyptilia caribica Gielis in Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae). Zootaxa 3821 (3): 363-372, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.3.5
D46187FD2816675BA3A65491FF15F9C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Puerto Rico: Maricao: Maricao Federal Reserve, 18 ° 09.337 N, 66 ° 58.918 W, ± 4 m, 30. ix. 2012, ex. Gesneria pauciflora growing in riparian habitats on serpentine exposed rocks at 596 masl, leg. Mervin Pérez and José Fumero (1 male, 2 females, 1 adult (without abdomen), 1 larva, 1 pupa).	en	Matthews, Deborah L., Pérez, Mervin E. (2014): Description of the natural history and immature stages of Postplatyptilia caribica Gielis in Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae). Zootaxa 3821 (3): 363-372, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.3.5
D46187FD2816675BA3A65491FF15F9C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Thus far, this species is only known to occur on Dominica and Puerto Rico. Prior to this study, two specimens were known as reported by Gielis (2006): Holotype: Dominica, Clarke Hall 11. iii. 1965 W. W. Wirth, CG 3431 [USNM]; Paratype: Puerto Rico, Centro Vacacional Monte del Estado, nr Maricao, 650 m, 1 – 9. iii. 1971 C. P. Kimball, GC 4878 [CG]. Specimens have been collected in March and September. Since the host blooms throughout the year (USFWS 1998) and larvae feed on flowers, this species is most likely continuous brooded, with population peaks correlating to the peaks in flowering. Life history and immatures. Final instar larva (Figs. 3 d, 4 a-g). Length 6.26 mm (n = 1). Body reddish tinged with cream middorsal and subdorsal longitudinal stripes. Primary seta clear to brownish tinges, simple with pointed apices, short to minute. Longest setae (D 2), less than 0.5 mm. Pinnacula clear, very slightly elevated. Secondary setae absent. Head: Adfrontal sclerite tapering to anteclypeus, dorsal 0.6 × of sclerite darkly sclerotized. Setae AF 1 and AF 2 on dark portion of sclerite. Pore AFa absent. Setae AF 1, AF 2, and C 1 about equal or just less than clypeal width, C 2 distinctly shorter than C 1. Epicranium with 2 sclerotized, irregular blotchy bands, 1 bordering vertex, the other extending laterad from cervix to middle of epicranium near seta P 1. Stemmatal area darkly sclerotized, with moderately sclerotized area extending mediad along antenna base and posterad to cervix. Seta A 1 longest, about 1 × clypeal width. Seta P 1 length similar to F 1 and C 1. MD and P setae (1 - 3) and pores in clear area between bands. Labrum dorsally with 6 setae, M 2 and L 2 longest, about 0.3 × labrum width. Labral notch obtusely v-shaped with median secondary fissure and v-shaped sclerotized epipharyngeal shield. Mandible 5 - toothed, proximal and distal setae about 0.9 × and 0.45 × mandible width respectively. Thorax: Prothoracic shield inconspicuous except for sclerotized spots along midline and between setae D 2 and SD 2. Spots along midline forming broken longitudinal line ending in a triangular patch posterad. Spot between D 2 and SD 2 elongate with one or two smaller spots anterad, also forming broken longitudinal line, more conspicuous than that on midline. Setae XD 1, XD 2, and SD 1 aligned along anterior and with a pore between XD 1 and XD 2. Setae XD 1, SD 1, and D 1 similar in length. Setae D 1, XD 2, and SD 2 shortest. Lateral setae grouped together on slight rise anterad of spiracle, L 3 length similar to XD 1, L 2 and L 3 shorter. Spiracle slightly exserted, with darkly sclerotized peritreme and base. Segments T 2 - T 3 with setae D 1 and D 2 close together, D 2 slightly longer and posterolaterad of D 1, both directed more or less anterad. Seta SD 1 and SD 2 likewise grouped together, pinacula slightly elevated but not forming distinct tubercle. Setae L 1 and L 2 close together, lengths similar. Seta L 3 shorter, posterad of L 1 + L 2. Segments T 1 - T 3 with two SV setae. Legs with 5 minute setae at coxa base. Tarsal segment and claw moderately sclerotized. Distal portion of tibial segment sclerotized laterad. Abdomen: Segments A 1 - A 8 with setae D 1 and D 2 separated, D 2 slightly laterad of D 1, lengths similar, pinacula slightly elevated. Setae SD 1 shorter than D setae, directly dorsad of spiracle. Spiracles round, slightly exserted, peritremes dark, base (collar) light to moderately sclerotized on A 1 - A 6, darker on A 7 - A 8, diameter distinctly greater on A 8. Setae L 1 and L 2 close together, with L 1 dorsad and L 2 longest. Seta L 3 posterolaterad of L 2 + L 2, closer to SV setae. Two SV setae present on A 1 and A 8, 3 on A 2 - A 7. Seta V 1 minute, mesad at proleg base on A 3 - A 6. Prolegs elongate, length about 3 × width, mesopenellipse with 8 crochets. Segment A 9 with D 1 and D 2 as on A 8 but closer together. Both SD 1 and SD 2 present on A 9, close together and lengths similar, longitudinally aligned with spiracle on A 8. Lateral setae as on A 8, 1 SV and 1 V seta present. Segment A 10 with anal plate Dshaped, 2 minute dark spots present at midline and longitudinal row of 2 - 4 spots between D and SD setae. Setae SD 1 and SD 2 laterad on plate, closer together than D 1 and D 2. Three minute setae along posterior margin of plate. Anal proleg moderately sclerotized laterad with about 8 short setae and 12 crochets. Pupa (Fig. 4 h). Length 6 mm (n = 1). Angular with prominent dorsal ridge on T 2 - A 3. Ridge on T 2 forming scalloped keel on posterior third. Dorsal protuberances well-developed on abdominal segments, forming conspicuous foliate appendage on A 3. Antenna, maxilla, legs, thoracic nota and abdominal segments transversely striate. Color beige with dark brown markings including three oblique lateral stripes. Posterior stripe including A 3 appendage and extending across middle of forewing. Primary setae minute, clear. Longest seta not exceeding 0.125 mm. Secondary setae absent. Head: Front projecting ventrad over clypeus. Dorsum of front darkly sclerotized. Both AF setae present, anterior seta mediad on small rise, posterior seta near antenna base. Venter of front, clypeus and pilifers strongly crenulate. Seta C 1 minute. Labial palpus smooth. Gena rugose, with longitudinal furrow at middle; genal seta present but very minute. Glazed eye-piece darkly sclerotized, sculptured eye surface similar to that of gena, with 2 setae present. Maxilla base exposed to middle of A 2, apex exposed between terminus of T 2 legs for about 0.25 mm. Antenna extending to middle of A 3, about 0.75 × forewing length; posterior half of scape, pedicel, and basal five flagellomeres also darkly sclerotized. Thorax: Pronotum darkly sclerotized as on head except for beige spot in place of D 1 seta; seta SD 1 present at lateral apex of sclerite; setae D 1 and D 2 absent in specimen examined; remaining setae not found in specimen examined; dorsal midline (suture) not sclerotized; foreleg extending to A 3 posterior margin, right and left leg joined posteriad of exposed maxilla base; longitudinal ridge present on anterior half. Mesonotum with subdorsal ridge, ridge closer to midline anterad and posterad; area dorsad of ridge dark to moderately sclerotized; ridge forming distinct keel at posterior third, anterior half of keel sclerotized across ridge and laterad on mesonotum; seta D 1 anterad of ridge, D 2 on ridge; seta D 1 just posteriad of small bump on ridge near middle; area laterad of ridge on anterior 0.67 × of mesonotum cream colored and transversely striate; setae SD 1 and SD 2 close together within light lateral area; SD 2 transversely aligned with D 1; subdorsal setae slightly longer than D setae; forewing extending to anterior margin of A 5, with dark markings as noted above, and with stripe from A 3 crossing at anal angle; midleg extending to middle of A 7. Spiracle on T 2 slightly elevated, surrounded by light area but with peritreme moderately sclerotized. Metanotum with subdorsal ridge aligned with T 2 keel; seta D 1 anterad on ridge; anterolateral angle with brown sclerotized area (of oblique stripe) extending to posterolateral angle and with lighter area near middle; setae SD 1 and SD 2 within dark area at anterolateral angle; hindwing extending to 0.33 × of A 2; hindleg beneath T 2 leg, tip just exceeding T 2 leg tip in ventral aspect. Abdomen: Segments A 1 - A 3 with dorsal ridge as noted above. Segment A 1 with D setae on ridge, D 1 near anterior margin, D 2 0.67 × from anterior margin; area surrounding setal bases not noticeably sclerotized; seta SD 1 present at anterolateral angle; some moderately sclerotized light brown areas laterad near hindwing (part of oblique stripe). Segment A 2 with D setae on ridge at about 0.45 × (D 1) and 0.80 × (D 2) from anterior margin; seta D 1 anterad on darkly sclerotized dentate tubercle; seta D 2 arising from ridge; anterolateral area with brown sclerotized triangular patch (of oblique stripe); spiracle near apex of hindwing slightly elevated but not distinctly sclerotized; seta SD 1 dorsad of spiracle; distinct small dark brown spot posteriad of spiracle (separate from oblique stripe); posterolateral angle with brown area included on third oblique stripe; light brown diffuse band dorsad and slightly posteriad of D 1 tubercle, extending as an arc across dorsum. Segment A 3 with dorsal ridge anterad of appendage light; area dorsad of ridge moderately sclerotized with small dentate middorsal tubercle subtended by brown middorsal stripe; seta D 1 positioned along anterior margin of A 3 appendage; D 2 on smaller lobe arising from posterior margin of appendage; appendage dark to moderately sclerotized except for D 2 lobe, sclerotized area extending to anterolateral angle of A 3; appendage also subtended by brown stripe; anterior (D 1 part) with 3 - 5 distinct spikes, anterior spike attenuate; spiracle and dark spot posteriad of spiracle as on A 2; setae L 1 and L 2 present on small elongate rise laterad of dark spot; part of a subventral brown stripe present at posterior margin (part concealed by wing, continued on A 4). Segments A 4 - A 7 with middorsal dentate tubercle transversely aligned with D 1 + D 2 tubercles; middorsal tubercles only lightly sclerotized; diffuse brown middorsal stripe on A 4, incomplete and faded on A 5 and A 6; setae D 1 and D 2 on combined darkly sclerotized tubercles, each with one anterior and one posterior directed point or tooth and one smaller central point; setae D 1 and D 2 subtending anterior and posterior points respectively and likewise directed anterad and posterad; an irregular brown longitudinal stripe anterad and posterad of tubercles and coalescing with brown lateral markings; seta SD 1 dorsad of spiracles, within brown areas except on A 4 where it is preceded anterad by small light brown spot; area surrounding spiracles light but spiracular peritremes darkly sclerotized; spiracles slightly elevated; setae L 1 and L 2 on elongate lightly sclerotized ridge; 1 or 2 minute dark spots also present on ridge; 2 thin brown subventral longitudinal lines present with seta L 3 on light area between lines; 2 SV setae present; midventral area diffuse light brown. Segment A 8 with D 1 + D 2 tubercles basally fused, light except for dark brown tubercle apices; setae D 1 and D 2 basad of sclerotized part of tubercles; without middorsal tubercle; middorsal area and lateral part of A 8 mostly brown; seta SD 1 present; spiracular scar obscure; seta L 1 and L 2 on light lateral ridge; seta L 3 near posterior margin of segment. Segment A 9 light brown dorsally with strong (light-colored) ridge; darker laterad and ventrad; seta D 1 about 0.6 × from anterior segment margin, on ridge and with sclerotized pinaculum; with 2 lateral setae. Dorsum of A 10 with one D seta on ridge; venter with anterior and posterior hamuli present, hooked, lengths variable.	en	Matthews, Deborah L., Pérez, Mervin E. (2014): Description of the natural history and immature stages of Postplatyptilia caribica Gielis in Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae). Zootaxa 3821 (3): 363-372, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.3.5
