identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C10D87F40277FFFDFDE7FE5D50EAF4BD.text	C10D87F40277FFFDFDE7FE5D50EAF4BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterozosime Kim & Lee 2021	<div><p>Genus Heterozosime gen. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7E707DCE-5BF1-45F8-8442-C700C3C5B83A</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Heterozosime tenuis gen. et sp. nov., by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Body subcylindrical, with inconspicuous distinction between prosome and urosome; urosomites except penultimate and anal somites with pleural extensions; genital somite and first abdominal somite fused ventrally in female, forming genital double-somite. Penultimate somite with pseudoperculum comprising several projections. Rostrum undefined at base, with 1 pair of long sensilla distally, ornamented with lateral setules. Caudal rami elongate, longer than length of anal somite. Antennule robust, 6-segmented, with ae on second and distal segments, respectively. Antennary exopod 3-segmented; setal armature, from proximal: 1.1.4. Mandibular palp well-developed, with 3 setae on basis; exopod 1-segmented, with 3 setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 4 setae. Maxillular coxa with epipodite represented by 1 seta; exopod 1-segmented, with 3 setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 6 setae. Maxillary syncoxa with 3 endites; endopod 2-segmented. Maxilliped stenopodial, with 1 stout element on basis distally; endopod small, 1-segmented, with 4 setae. P1 with 2-segmented exopod and endopod, P2–P4 with 3-segmented exopod and endopod; exp-3 with 2 outer spines. Female P5 exopod fused to baseoendopod basally, with deep incision between exopod and endopodal lobe; exopod with 3 marginal setae and 1 surface seta. P6 represented by 3 setae.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Urosome 6-segmented; pleural extensions less developed. Antennule subchirocer, 8-segmented, with ae on sixth and distal segments, respectively. P2 endopod 2-segmented; enp-2 with 1 inner plumose seta, 1 plumose distal seta and 1 small outer apophysis. P5 fused with somite basally; endopodal lobe rudimentary, with 2 small setae. Left and right P6 symmetrical, each with 2 lobes, the outer one with 1 stout spine and the inner one with 1 stout spine and 1 slender seta.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The generic name is a combination of the Greek ‘ heteros ’ (‘different’) and the name of the type genus Zosime. This reflects the close relationship with Zosime, but recognizes the significant difference in the P1 exopod segmentation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C10D87F40277FFFDFDE7FE5D50EAF4BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Jong Guk;Lee, Jimin	Kim, Jong Guk, Lee, Jimin (2021): Proposal of two new genera of the family Zosimeidae Seifried (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): Heterozosime gen. nov. and Acritozosime gen. nov. European Journal of Taxonomy 760: 32-60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1439
C10D87F40271FFF4FDC6FE085530F443.text	C10D87F40271FFF4FDC6FE085530F443.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterozosime tenuis Kim & Lee 2021	<div><p>Heterozosime tenuis gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 565EFB14-0731-4CD5-AD1E-70A166D5D2FB</p> <p>Figs 2–8</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet reflects the Latin adjective ‘ tenuis ’ (‘thin’ or ‘weak’), referring to the very small seta on the distal margin of P4 enp-3.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>SOUTH KOREA • ♀; the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.491&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.998066" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.491/lat 33.998066)">Southern Sea</a>; 33º59′53.04″ N, 127º29′27.60″ E; stn B4; depth 78.7 m; 8 Jun. 2015; O.H. Yu leg.; MABIK CR00247785 (on 11 slides, unfortunately P5 damaged during mounting process after drawing).</p> <p>Allotype</p> <p>SOUTH KOREA • ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MABIK CR00247786 (preserved in 80% ethanol).</p> <p>Paratypes</p> <p>SOUTH KOREA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MABIK CR00247787 (on 11 slides) • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MABIK CR00247788 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MABIK CR00247789 (on seven slides, unfortunately, its mouthparts damaged).</p> <p>Other material</p> <p>SOUTH KOREA • 1 ♀; the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.996895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.996895/lat 33.5033)">Southern Sea</a>; 33º30′11.88″ N, 125º59′48.84″ E; stn E9; depth 96.4 m; 3 Jun. 2015; O.H. Yu leg.; MInRB-Hr60-S001 (on four slides) • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; MInRB-Hr60-S002 (on four slides) • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MInRB-Hr 60-L001 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 1 ♂; the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.001335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.99706" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.001335/lat 32.99706)">Southern Sea</a>; 32º59′49.41″ N, 126º00′04.82″ E; stn F11; depth 82.7 m; 6 Aug. 2016; O.H. Yu leg.; MInRB-Hr60-L002 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 1 ♀; the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.4995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.99795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.4995/lat 35.99795)">Southern Sea</a>; 35º59′52.62″ N, 127º29′58.19″ E; stn B4; depth 78.7 m; 26 Apr. 2016; T. W. Kang leg.; MInRB-Hr60-L003 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 2 ♂♂; the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.4792&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.579628" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.4792/lat 33.579628)">Southern Sea</a>; 33º34′46.66″ N, 126º28′45.12″ E; stn C9; depth 116.3 m; 9 Aug. 2016; O.H. Yu leg.; MInRB-Hr60-L004 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 8 ♀♀; the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.5002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.000233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.5002/lat 33.000233)">Southern Sea</a>; 33º00′00.84″ N, 125º30′00.72″ E; stn F8; depth 97.0 m; O.H. Yu leg.; 12 Nov. 2015; MInRB-Hr60-L005 (preserved in 80% ethanol).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Female (based on the holotype, MABIK CR00247785)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length about 473–631 µm (mean = 569 µm, n = 12; holotype 572 µm) measured from anterior tip of rostrum to posterior end of caudal rami in lateral aspect.</p> <p>HABITUS (Fig. 2A–B). Subcylindrical, slightly depressed dorsoventrally, tapering posteriorly, with inconspicuous distinction between prosome and urosome. Rostrum (Fig. 2C) large, triangular, fused with cephalothorax basally; anterior tip bifid, with 2 long sensilla; anterior half ornamented with fine setules laterally. Cephalothorax large, with almost parallel lateral margins in dorsal aspect. Second to fourth free pedigerous somites tapering posteriorly. Urosome (Figs 2A–B, 3A) comprising P5 bearing-somite, genital double-somite, 3 free abdominal somites, more slender than prosome, tapering posteriorly; urosomites except for penultimate and anal somites with ventrolateral pleural extensions bearing sensillum distally. Genital double-somite (Figs 2A–B, 3A) separate dorsally and laterally, but completely fused ventrally; genital field located at anterior half of genital somite, with single genital slit formed by fusion of both gonopores and large mid-ventral copulatory pore posterior to genital slit; genital slit (Fig. 3A, C) covered by single large plate, on both sides with 1 stout plumose seta and 2 bare setae (inner one about 3 times as long as outer one), representing P6; each P6 distinguished by deep incision on both sides of distal margin. Penultimate somite with weak pseudoperculum comprising 4 crenate projections (Fig. 3B). Anal somite (Figs 2A–B, 3A–B) small, with semicircular operculum ornamented with small spinules and 1 pair of small peduncles bearing sensillum dorsally; anal opening wide, armed with 2 diagonal rows of setules.</p> <p>BODY ORNAMENTATIONS. Integument of cephalothorax ornamented with several paired sensilla; posterior and ventrolateral margins armed with crenate processes, forming weak pseudoperculum, and small peduncles bearing sensillum. Posterior margins of somites except for penultimate and anal somites dorsally ornamented with crenate or pointed processes and small peduncles bearing sensillum; genital double-somite and second abdominal somite ventrally serrate, with 1 pair of small peduncles bearing sensillum; penultimate somite with 3 crenate protrusions laterally and row of spinules ventrally; anal somite ventrally with row of spinules at base of caudal rami. Epimera of free pedigerous somites with 1 (in P3–P4) or 2 (in P2) crenate processes, 2 small peduncles bearing sensillum and 1 row of anterior minute spinules. Pleural extensions on urosomites armed with spinules. Dorsal surface of genital doublesomite, second and third abdominal somites ornamented with minute spinules posteriorly. Anal somite with 1 pair of dorsolateral pores and 3 pairs of ventrolateral pores.</p> <p>CAUDAL RAMI (Figs 2A–B, 3A–B). About 2.8 times as long as greatest width, about 1.5 times as long as anal somite, with 1 pore on ventrolateral surface; with 7 setae: ventrolateral seta I bare, short, slightly shorter than half length of ramus, inserted in mid-length of outer margin; dorsolateral seta II bare, shorter than seta I; seta III ventrally arising from outer distal corner, slightly shorter than caudal ramus, with weakly pinnate outer margin; principal setae IV and V well-developed, covered with minute spinules distally, with internal fracture plane proximally; seta IV about 2.7 times as long as ramus; seta V about twice as long as seta IV; seta VI located at inner distal corner, slightly longer than seta I; seta VII triarticulate basally, arising from small peduncle located on dorsal surface subdistally.</p> <p>ANTENNULE (Fig. 4A). Robust, short, 6-segmented. First segment ornamented with 2 rows of spinules along inner margin, with 1 long pinnate seta subdistally. Second segment largest, subdivided by incomplete suture, with 1 bare seta, 7 plumose setae (1 bi-articulate basally and 6 non-articulate), 6 spinulose setae, 5 stout tri-spinulose setae and 1 ae, which is basally fused to adjacent tri-spinulose seta. Third segment small, with 1 weakly pinnate seta and 1 stout tri-spinulose seta. Fourth segment with 1 small spinulose seta, 2 plumose setae and 3 tri-spinulose setae; outer margin produced, with 1 bare bi-articulate seta distally. Fifth segment smallest, with 1 weakly pinnate seta. Distal segment small, with 1 stout tri-spinulose, 2 weakly pinnate and 4 bi-articulated bare setae and 1 ae, which is basally fused to adjacent tri-spinulose seta. Setal armature formula as: 1-[1], 2-[18 + (1 + ae)], 3-[2], 4-[7], 5-[1], 6-[6 + (1 + ae)].</p> <p>ANTENNA (Fig. 4B). Coxa small, unornamented. Basis elongate, ornamented with 1 row of spinules on lateral surface and 2 short rows of spinules along abexopodal margin, with 1 spinulose abexopodal seta. Exopod 3-segmented; proximal segment elongate, with 1 plumose seta; middle segment smallest, with 1 spinulose seta; distal segment longer than first and middle segments combined, with 1 spinulose seta on lateral margin proximally and 1 serrate and 2 spinulose setae on distal margin. Endopod 2-segmented; proximal segment with 1 long spinulose seta on abexopodal margin; distal segment about 1.8 times as long as preceding segment, ornamented with 1 group of lateral spinules and 1 row of subdistal spinules; lateral armature comprising 1 small bare and 2 stout spinulose setae; distal armature comprising 1 stout spinulose spine, 1 stout spinulose seta, 3 pinnate geniculate setae and 1 slender seta, which is fused basally with adjacent spinulose seta.</p> <p>MANDIBLE (Fig. 4C). Coxa with bulge medially; gnathobase armed with 1 small and 3 multicuspidate teeth and 1 pinnate dorsal seta. Palp composed of basis, endopod and exopod; basis elongate, with 3 plumose setae distally; exopod 1-segmented, slightly smaller than endopod, with 1 plumose and 2 pinnate setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 4 plumose setae.</p> <p>MAXILLULE (Fig. 5A). Praecoxal arthrite well-developed, with 2 juxtaposed setae on anterior surface; distal margin armed with 8 stout spines and 1 delicate seta. Coxa ornamented with 1 row of spinules on anterior surface distally; epipodite represented by 1 plumose seta; endite with 3 bare setae distally and 1 bare seta subdistally. Basis armed with 1 row of spinules on dorsal margin and 1 row of spinules on anterior surface subdistally; with 2 endites: dorsal endite with 1 plumose and 2 bare setae distally and 2 bare setae subdistally; ventral endite weak, with 2 bare setae distally. Exopod 1-segmented, with 3 plumose setae. Endopod 1-segmented, larger than exopod, with 3 plumose and 3 bare setae.</p> <p>MAXILLA (Fig. 5B). Syncoxa large, ornamented with 2 short rows of spinules along outer margin; two praecoxal endites fused basally, proximal one with 3 setae (1 plumose, 1 bare and 1 spinulose) and distal one with 3 setae (1 bare and 2 spinulose); proximal coxal endite elongate, with 3 setae (1 bare, 1 pinnate and 1 spinulose); distal coxal endite with 1 stout serrate spine and 2 setae (1 slender bare and 1 stout spinulose). Allobasis with 1 seta near base of endopod; endite with 2 stout serrate spines distally and 2 bare setae subdistally. Endopod small, 2-segmented; proximal segment with 3 bare setae laterally; distal segment with 3 bare setae distally.</p> <p>MAXILLIPED (Fig. 5C). Maxilliped 3-segmented, comprising syncoxa, basis and 1-segmented endopod. Syncoxa trapezoidal, ornamented with 1 row of long inner spinules proximally. Basis elongate, as long as preceding segment, ornamented with 1 row of inner spinules subdistally, with 1 stout spinulose seta distally. Endopod small, rectangular, with 2 plumose setae on distal margin, of which inner one about twice as long as outer one and 2 bare setae on lateral margin.</p> <p>P1 (Fig. 5D). Praecoxa lacking in the figure. Intercoxal sclerite wide, unornamented. Coxa large, ornamented with 3 rows of spinules on anterior surface, 1 row of minute spinules on distal margin and 1 row of posterior spinules near outer distal corner. Basis ornamented with 2 groups of spinules on anterior surface, 1 row of spinules on distal margin of pedestal of inner ramus and 1 row of long setules along inner margin; outer setophore small, with a few anterior spinules and 1 spinulose spine; inner spine spinulose, reaching to mid-length of enp-2, arising from small peduncle bearing few anterior spinules. Both rami 2-segmented; exopod reaching to mid-length of enp-2; exp-1 ornamented with outer spinules and inner setules, with 1 spinulose outer spine; exp-2 ornamented with outer spinules, with 3 spinulose spines along outer margin, 1 small spinulose spine and 1 long spinulose seta on distal margin and 2 plumose setae on inner margin; all outer spines on exopod with gradually enlarged outer spines toward distal tip; enp-1 slightly longer than wide, ornamented with 1 row of setules on outer margin and 1 row of spinules near outer distal corner, with 1 plumose seta on inner margin; enp-2 elongate, about 1.2 times as long as enp-1, ornamented with outer spinules along outer margin, with 1 small spinulose outer spine, 1 long spinulose distal spine and 2 plumose inner setae (Table 2).</p> <p>P2–P4 (Figs 6A–B, 7A). Praecoxae short but wide, ornamented with 1 row of minute spinules on distal margin (praecoxa of P3 lost during dissection). Intercoxal sclerite pentagonal, with concave rear edge. Coxae large, ornamented with 3 rows of spinules on anterior margin, 1 row of spinules at outer distal corner and 1 row of posterior setules (absent in P4) near lateral margin. Bases ornamented with 1 row of distal spinules on pedestal of inner ramus and 1 row of long setules on inner margin; anterior surface with 2 groups of spinules in P2; outer seta stout, plumose, arising from outer setophore bearing 1 row of anterior spinules; length of outer setae gradually increasing from P2 to P4. Both rami 3-segmented; exopod longer than endopod; endopod reaching to mid-length of exp- 3 in P2, slightly exceeding end of exp- 2 in P3, and reaching to distal fourth of exp- 2 in P4; each exopodal segment ornamented with outer and distal spinules and inner setules; exp-1 elongate and exp-2 shortest, each with 1 pinnate outer spine and 1 plumose inner seta; exp-3 with 2 pinnate outer spines, 1 pinnate outer distal spine (with plumose inner margin), 1 plumose inner distal seta and 2 plumose inner setae; enp-1 and enp-2 ornamented with outer setules, distal spinules and a few inner spinules, with 1 plumose inner seta, respectively; enp-3 ornamented with outer spinules, minute distal spinules, a few fine inner setules and 1 or 2 posterior spinules; P2–P3 enp-3 with 1 pinnate outer spine, 2 plumose distal setae and 1 inner plumose seta; P4 enp-3 with 1 long pinnate outer spine, 1 delicate outer distal seta, 1 plumose inner distal seta and 1 plumose inner seta; length of outer spines on enp-2 gradually increasing from P2 to P4 (Table 2).</p> <p>P5 (Fig. 3D). Left and right legs connected by small intercoxal sclerite. Baseoendopod short, wide; outer setophore well-developed, bearing 1 long pinnate seta; endopodal lobe elongate, reaching to distal third of exopod, with 2 long plumose distal setae, of which inner one about 1.4 times as long as outer one; ornamented with a few spinules on outer margin. Exopod basally fused to baseoendopod, with 3 marginal setae, of which inner most one about 1.8 times as long as two other elements and 1 small seta arising from small peduncle on anterior surface near outer margin.</p> <p>Male (based on the paratype MABIK CR00247789)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body (Fig. 8A) length smaller than in female, 406–474 µm (mean 446 µm, n = 9; allotype 406 µm). Sexual dimorphisms shown in urosome, antennule, P2 endopod, P5 and P6.</p> <p>UROSOME (Figs 7B, 8A). Urosome 6-segmented; genital somite and first abdominal somite separated; pleural extensions less developed than those of female; ventral surfaces of first and second abdominal somites (Fig. 7B) with 1 row of medial spinules posteriorly.</p> <p>ANTENNULE (Fig. 8B). Subchirocer, 8-segmented. First segment ornamented with 3 groups of spinules along inner margin, with 1 long pinnate seta. Second segment with 1 long pinnate seta. Third segment with 1 bare bi-articulate, 1 tri-spinulose and 6 pinnate setae. Fourth segment with 1 bare bi-articulate, 1 stout tri-spinulose, 1 bare, 2 small pinnate and 3 long spinulose setae. Fifth segment smallest, with 1 bare seta and 1 pinnate seta. Sixth segment stout, with 1 bare seta, 3 plumose setae, 4 small pinnate setae, 3 tri-spinulose setae and 1 ae, which is basally fused to adjacent long tri-spinulose seta. Seventh segment with 1 bare bi-articulate seta. Distal segment with 1 stout tri-spinulose, 3 plumose and 6 triarticulate setae and 1 ae, being basally fused to adjacent plumose seta. Setal armature formula as: 1-[1], 2-[1], 3-[8], 4-[8], 5-[2], 6-[10 + (1 + ae)], 7-[1], 8-[9 + (1 + ae)].</p> <p>P2 ENDOPOD (Fig. 6C). P2 endopod 2-segmented by fusion of original enp-2 and enp-3; enp-1 as in female except for presence of anterior pore subdistally; distal segment elongate ornamented with long outer spinules proximally, small outer spinules distally, a few spinules on anterior surface and 1 anterior tube pore subdistally; with 1 plumose inner seta proximally, 1 plumose distal seta and 1 stout outer apophysis.</p> <p>P5 (Fig. 7B). Basally fused with somite. Left and right baseoendopod confluent medially; with welldeveloped outer setophore bearing 1 long weakly pinnate seta; endopodal lobe rudimentary, represented by 2 bare setae. Exopod small, basally fused with baseoendopod, with 1 weakly pinnate and 2 bare setae on distal and subdistal margins and 1 small seta arising from anterior surface of baseoendopod between outer setophore and exopod.</p> <p>P6 (Fig. 7B). Symmetrical, represented by well-developed plate; each plate with 2 lobes distally; outer one with 1 weakly pinnate spine; inner one ornamented with few anterior spinules, with 1 weakly pinnate outer spine and 1 small bare inner seta.</p> <p>Variability</p> <p>Holotype female specimen (MABIK CR00247785) displays an abnormal condition in the P1 enp-2 of the right ramus, lacking a proximal inner seta (Fig. 5E; arrowhead).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>There is no doubt in allocating Heterozosime tenuis gen. et sp. nov. to the Zosimeidae on account of morphological features of the antenna, mouthpart appendages, P1 and P 5 in both sexes, which are identical with autapomorphies given by Seifried (2003). Significantly, this new species is morphologically similar to the typica -group of Zosime, as defined by Kim et al. (2016), on the basis of certain features such as the mandibular endopod with four setae; the maxillulary free endopod with six elements; the outer spines of the P1 exopod with gradually increasing outer spinules toward the distal end; the typical female P5 with a deep incision between the exopod and endopodal lobe and a well-developed cylindrical outer setophore; and the outermost seta of the P5 exopod displaced by a small peduncle toward the surface in both sexes. However, it is identified by a two-segmented exopod in the P1. All known zosimeid copepods exhibit constant P1 segmentation with a three-segmented exopod.</p> <p>The two-segmented exopod in P1 is not common within the Harpacticoida (Moura &amp; Martínez Arbizu 2003); we could not assign this Korean species to any well-defined genus in the family. We thus postulate that the two-segmented exopod of P1 is a significant autapomorphy of H. tenuis gen. et sp. nov. within the family and that our proposal of a new genus, Heterozosime gen. nov., for H. tenuis gen. et sp. nov. is reasonable. In the Idyanthidimorpha, proposed by Seifried (2003), which comprises only the two families Idyanthidae and Zosimeidae, this striking feature is evident in three idyanthid genera – Styracothorax Huys, 1993, Aspinothorax Moura &amp; Martínez Arbizu, 2003 and Meteorina George, 2004 – but also in the new zosimeid genus Acritozosime gen. nov. proposed in the present study (Huys 1993; Moura &amp; Martínez Arbizu 2003; George 2004).</p> <p>Notably, this new species shares the presence of two outer spines on the P2–P4 exp-3 with four Zosime species: Z. bathyalis Por, 1967, Z. changi, Z. comata and Z. gymnokosmosa. The latter three species were reported from the Southern Sea of Korea, which includes the type locality of H. tenuis gen. et sp. nov. Nevertheless, H. tenuis gen. et sp. nov. displays an additional noteworthy characteristic: fine setules on the lateral margins of the rostrum in both sexes.</p> <p>The shape of the H. tenuis gen. et sp. nov. male P2 is very similar to that of Z. changi, which also has a two-segmented endopod. As suggested by the position of the setal armature in the P2 endopod, this is the result of the fusion of the original middle and distal segments in both species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C10D87F40271FFF4FDC6FE085530F443	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Jong Guk;Lee, Jimin	Kim, Jong Guk, Lee, Jimin (2021): Proposal of two new genera of the family Zosimeidae Seifried (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): Heterozosime gen. nov. and Acritozosime gen. nov. European Journal of Taxonomy 760: 32-60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1439
C10D87F40265FFE9FDEBFEBE531DF18C.text	C10D87F40265FFE9FDEBFEBE531DF18C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acritozosime Kim & Lee 2021	<div><p>Genus Acritozosime gen. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E2108940-B5E2-47CC-8199-17CB29513F41</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Acritozosime spinesco gen. et sp. nov., by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Body subcylindrical, with distinct constriction between prosome and urosome. Penultimate somite with weak pseudoperculum. Rostrum undefined at base, with 1 pair of long sensilla distally. Caudal rami short, slightly longer than wide; principal seta V very long, about 4/5 of body length. Antennule robust, 7-segmented, with ae on second and distal segment, respectively. Antennary exopod 3-segmented; setal armature, from proximal: 2.0.4; distal endopodal segment with lateral armature comprising 3 stout elements and distal armature composed of 7 elements. Mandibular palp well-developed, with 2 setae on basis; exopod 1-segmented, with 4 setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 4 distal setae and 1 lateral seta. Maxillular coxa without epipodite; exopod 1-segmented, with 2 setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 5 setae. Maxillary syncoxa with 3 endites; endopod 2-segmented. Maxilliped stenopodial, forming right angle between syncoxa and basis; syncoxa with 2 setae; basis gradually extended toward distal end, with 1 seta; endopod small, 1-segmented, with 4 setae. P1 with 2-segmented exopod and endopod; enp-1 without inner seta. P2–P4 with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod; exp-3 with 2 outer spines; P2–P3 enp-1 without inner seta. Female P5 exopod and baseoendopod separate; exopod with 3 marginal setae. P6 represented by 1 long and 2 small setae. Male unknown.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The generic name is a combination of the Greek ‘ akritos ’ meaning ‘confused’ or ‘mixed’ and the name of the type genus Zosime. It refers to several morphological features intermediate between the families Idyanthidae and Zosimeidae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C10D87F40265FFE9FDEBFEBE531DF18C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Jong Guk;Lee, Jimin	Kim, Jong Guk, Lee, Jimin (2021): Proposal of two new genera of the family Zosimeidae Seifried (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): Heterozosime gen. nov. and Acritozosime gen. nov. European Journal of Taxonomy 760: 32-60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1439
C10D87F40265FFE1FDBBFB7A555AF3BE.text	C10D87F40265FFE1FDBBFB7A555AF3BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acritozosime spinesco Kim & Lee 2021	<div><p>Acritozosime spinesco gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 838FDBD8-4A20-4696-B885-6486ABD1B732</p> <p>Figs 9–12</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet is derived from the Latin intransitive verb ‘ spinesco ’ (‘grow spiny’), alluding to the spinulose ornamentation on the urosome.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC • ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.83746&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.290733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.83746/lat 18.290733)">East Mariana Basin</a>; 18º17′26.64″ N, 149º50′14.88″ E; stn WP1908; depth 5317 m; 3 Oct. 2019; J.G. Kim leg.; MABIK CR00247790 (preserved in 80% ethanol).</p> <p>Paratypes</p> <p>NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MABIK CR00247791 (on 11 slides) • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MABIK CR00247792 (preserved in 80% ethanol).</p> <p>Other material</p> <p>NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.86118&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.865618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.86118/lat 18.865618)">East Mariana Basin</a>; 18º51′56.22″ N, 149º51′40.20″ E; stn WP1909; depth 5416 m; 4 Oct. 2019; J.G. Kim leg.; MInRB-Hr61-L001 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.32202&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.329384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.32202/lat 19.329384)">East Mariana Basin</a>; 19º19′45.78″ N, 150º19′19.26″ E; stn WP1910; depth 5078 m; 5 Oct. 2019; J.G. Kim leg.; MInRB-Hr61-S001 (on four slides) • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MInRB-Hr61-L002 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 1 copepodid; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.1471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.024" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.1471/lat 19.024)">East Mariana Basin</a>; 19º01′26.4″ N, 151º08′49.56″ E; stn WP1912; depth 5550 m; 17 Oct. 2019; J.G. Kim leg.; MInRB-Hr61-L003 (preserved in 80% ethanol) • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.36365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.99365" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.36365/lat 19.99365)">Philippine Basin</a> of the Philippine Sea; 19º59′37.14″ N, 128°21′49.13″ E; stn WP1802; depth 5642 m; 19 Oct. 2018; J. Lee leg.; MInRB-Hr61-L004 (preserved at 80% ethanol) • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.17896&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.858347" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.17896/lat 18.858347)">Philippine Basin</a> of the Philippine Sea; 18º51′30.05″ N, 129º10′44.22″ E; stn WP1803; depth 5578 m; 20 Oct. 2018; J. Lee leg.; MInRB-Hr61-L005 (preserved at 80% ethanol) • 1 ♀; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.1838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.477982" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.1838/lat 17.477982)">Philippine Basin</a> of the Philippine Sea; 17º28′40.73″ N, 131º11′01.68″ E; stn WP1804; depth 5856 m; 22 Oct. 2018; J. Lee leg.; MInRB-Hr 61-L006 (preserved at 80% ethanol).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Female (based on the paratype MABIK CR00247791)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length about 406–535 μm (mean 479 μm, n = 10; holotype 437 μm) measured from anterior tip of rostrum to posterior end of caudal rami in lateral aspect.</p> <p>HABITUS (Fig. 9A–B). Semi-cylindrical, slightly depressed dorsoventrally, tapering posteriorly; with distinct constriction between prosome and urosome. Rostrum (Fig. 9A) large, broad, triangular, reaching to mid-length of third antennular segment, fused to cephalothorax basally; anterior tip with a pair of sensilla. Cephalothorax slightly longer than wide, with almost parallel lateral margins in dorsal aspect. First pedigerous somite completely incorporated into cephalothorax. Second to fourth free pedigerous somites slightly tapering posteriorly. Urosome (Figs 9A–B, 10A) composed of P5 bearing-somite, genital double-somite and 3 abdominal somites, about 0.8 times as long as prosome. Genital double-somite formed by dorsal and ventral fusion of genital and first abdominal somites; mark of original division remains internally on both lateral sides; gonopores (Fig. 10C) fused medially forming single genital slit covered by single broad plate bearing 1 stout spinulose seta and 2 small spines, representing P6, on both sides distally; copulatory pore large, located in midventral surface posterior to genital slit, connected to pair of internal seminal receptacles. Penultimate somite (Figs 9A–B, 10A–B) with pseudoperculum bearing 4 weak protuberances (two of them damaged and represented by a dotted line in Fig. 10B). Anal somite (Figs 9A–B, 10A–B) small, with small operculum bearing distal setules; dorsal surface with 1 pair of sensilla; anal opening wide, armed with 2 diagonal rows of setules.</p> <p>BODY ORNAMENTATIONS. Integument of cephalothorax ornamented with paired pores and sensilla and other somites except penultimate and anal somites ornamented with paired sensilla posteriorly (Fig. 9A–B). Hyaline frills of all somites weak; genital double-somite, second and third abdominal somites irregular dorsally. Urosomites armed with posterior spinules laterally in all somites and dorsally in first urosomite and first abdominal somite.</p> <p>CAUDAL RAMI (Figs 9A–B, 10A–B). Slightly longer than anal somite, about 1.8 times as long as greatest width; inner margin convex proximally, ornamented with setules; with 7 setae: ventrolateral seta I smallest, inserted at mid-length of outer margin; dorsolateral seta II about 1.1 times as long as caudal ramus, inserted at same level as seta I; seta III arising from ventral surface subdistally, about twice as long as caudal ramus; setae II and III accompanied by few spinules at their bases; principal setae IV and V well-developed, tri-spinulose, with internal fracture plane proximally; seta IV about ⅓ of seta V length; seta V very long, about 4/5 of body length; seta VI inserted at inner distal corner ventrally, as long as caudal ramus; seta VII tri-articulate basally, located dorsally in mid-length of inner margin.</p> <p>ANTENNULE (Fig. 10D). Short, robust, 7-segmented. First segment ornamented with inner spinules and with 1 pinnate seta bearing a few spinules near base. Second segment largest, partially with cuticular ridge indicating original segmentation; with 7 pinnate setae, 5 spinulose setae, 5 tri-spinulose setae, of which one is bi-articulated basally, and 1 ae. Third segment small, with 1 small spinulose seta and 1 stout tri-spinulose seta. Fourth segment small, with 2 spinulose setae. Fifth segment small with 1 bare bi-articulate seta, 1 spinulose seta and 1 stout tri-spinulose seta. Sixth segment smallest, with 1 spinulose seta and 1 bare bi-articulate seta. Seventh segment small, with 1 small spinulose, 1 stout tri-spinulose, 1 spinulose and 2 bare bi-articulate setae and 1 ae. Each ae on second and distal segments fused basally with adjacent spinulose seta. Setal armature formula as: 1-[1], 2-[16 + (1 + ae)], 3-[2], 4-[2], 5-[3], 6-[2], 7-[4 + (1 + ae)].</p> <p>ANTENNA (Fig. 11A). Coxa small, unornamented. Basis small, with 2 short rows of setules and 1 small spinulose abexopodal seta. Exopod large, 3-segmented; proximal segment with 1 short bare seta proximally and 1 spinulose seta distally; middle segment smallest, unarmed; distal segment as long as two preceding segments combined, with 1 spinulose lateral and 3 spinulose distal setae. Endopod 2-segmented; proximal segment small, unarmed; distal segment about twice as long as preceding one, ornamented with 2 rows of spinules on lateral margin proximally and 1 row of spinules on distal margin; lateral armature comprising 3 stout spinulose setae; distal armature composed of 2 spinulose rigid setae, 2 uni-spinulose setae, of which longest fused to adjacent spinulose rigid seta basally, and 3 spinulose geniculate setae.</p> <p>MANDIBLE (Fig. 11B). Coxa with bulge medially; gnathobase armed with several multicuspidate teeth and 1 dorsal unipinnate spine. Palp comprising basis, exopod and endopod; basis elongate, with 2 plumose setae subdistally; exopod 1-segmented, with 4 spinulose setae; endopod 1-segmented, with 1 uniplumose seta laterally and 4 spinulose setae distally.</p> <p>MAXILLULE (Fig. 11C). Praecoxa ornamented with 1 row of spinules near outer margin; arthrite developed, with 2 parallel setae and 2 rows of spinules on anterior surface, 1 row of spinules on posterior surface and 7 stout spines, 1 small bare seta and 1 unipinnate seta along distal margin. Coxa small, without epipodite; endite with 1 pinnate and 2 plumose setae. Basis ornamented with 2 rows of dorsal spinules, with 3 bare and 4 pinnate setae apically and subapically. Exopod smaller than endopod, with 2 plumose setae distally. Endopod transversely elongate, with 1 bare and 2 pinnate setae distally and 1 pinnate and 1 plumose seta subdistally.</p> <p>MAXILLA (Fig. 11D). Syncoxa ornamented with 1 row of setules on outer margin; two praecoxal endites fused basally, proximal one ornamented with rows of spinules on lateral margin and anterior surface, respectively, with 2 spinulose spines distally and distal one with 1 spinulose seta, 1 bare seta and 1 unispinulose spine; both coxal endites elongate, with 1 bare and 2 spinulose setae, respectively. Allobasis with 2 stout uniserrate spines and 1 bare seta. Endopod small, 2-segmented; proximal with 2 bare setae; distal one with 3 uniplumose setae distally and 1 bare seta subdistally.</p> <p>MAXILLIPED (Fig. 11E). Comprising syncoxa, basis and endopod, forming right angle between syncoxa and basis. Syncoxa ornamented with 3 short rows of spinules; with 1 spinulose seta subdistally and 1 long tri-spinulose seta proximally, which is about 3 times as long as syncoxa. Basis with 1 spinulose seta distally; inner margin extended distally, bearing 1 row of long spinules. Endopod small, with 2 stout spinulose setae distally and 2 bare setae laterally.</p> <p>P1 (Fig. 11F). Praecoxa large, unornamented. Both coxae connected by pentagonal intercoxal sclerite. Coxa wide, with 2 rows of long outer spinules and 1 row of minute distal spinules on anterior surface. Basis wide, with 1 spinulose outer spine and 1 spinulose inner spine, ornamented with 2 groups of spinules on anterior surface, 1 row of long setules along inner margin, 1 row of spinules near distal margin and 1 row of spinules near base of outer and inner spines; inner spine displaced onto anterior surface. Exopod 2-segmented, as long as endopod; exp-1 with 1 unispinulose outer spine; ornamented with 3 groups of outer spinules, 3 rows of anterior spinules and 1 row of inner setules; exp-2 slightly larger than exp-1, ornamented with 4 groups of spinules near base of spines, with 3 unispinulose outer spines, 2 spinulose distal spines, of which inner one armed with inner setules, and 1 small plumose inner seta; all outer spines with gradually increasing outer spinules toward distal tip. Endopod 2-segmented; enp-1 subrectangular, unarmed, ornamented with rows of spinules along outer margin and 2 rows of anterior spinules near outer distal corner; enp-2 with 1 small spinulose spine and 1 long spinulose seta (inner seta about 3 times as long as outer spine) on distal margin, ornamented with rows of spinules along outer and inner margins and 1 row of anterior spinules near distal margin (Table 2).</p> <p>P2–P4 (Fig. 12A–C). Praecoxae short but wide, with 1 row of distal spinules near outer margin. Both coxae connected by pentagonal intercoxal sclerite bearing concave posterior margin. Coxae large, wide, with 1 row of anterior spinules near outer margin. Bases wide, ornamented with 1 group of long setules along inner margin, 1 row of distal spinules on pedestal of inner ramus and 1 group of anterior spinules near base of outer setophore; outer seta arising from setophore, stout and spinulose. Exopods longer than endopods, 3-segmented; exp-1 elongate, largest, with 1 spinulose outer spine, ornamented with 3 groups of spinules along outer margin, 1 row of setules on inner margin, 1 row of minute spinules on distal margin and 1 row of anterior spinules near base of outer spine; exp-2 smallest, with 1 spinulose outer spine and 1 plumose inner seta, ornamented with 1 row of spinules on outer margin, few setules on inner margin and 1 group of anterior spinules near base of outer spine; exp-3 elongate, with 2 spinulose outer spines, 1 (outer) distal spine, which is armed with inner setules and outer spinules, 1 plumose (inner) distal seta and 1 (in P2) or 2 (in P3–P4) plumose inner setae; ornamented with 1 row of spinules on outer margin and 3 groups of spinules near base of outer spines. Endopods slightly exceeding end of exp-2 (in P2 and P4) or reaching to distal fourth of exp-2 (in P3), 2-segmented; enp-1 armed with outer and inner setules/spinules; P2 enp-1 ornamented with anterior spinules near distal margin; P2–P3 enp-1 unarmed and P4 enp-1 with 1 plumose inner seta; enp-2 elongate, ornamented with outer, inner and distal (absent in P2) setules/spinules; P2 enp-2 with 1 short spinulose outer spine and 1 long plumose distal seta; P3–P4 enp-2 with 2 long plumose setae on distal margin and 1 plumose seta on inner margin (Table 2).</p> <p>P5 (Figs 10A, 11G). Baseoendopod wide, with outer setophore bearing 1 weakly pinnate seta; endopodal lobe weakly pronounced, reaching to mid-length of exopod; with 3 setae distally, outermost one small, weakly pinnate, of which 2 inner ones plumose proximally and spinulose distally. Exopod small, with 3 setae; outermost one armed with long spinules and 2 inner ones spinulose distally.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Unknown.</p> <p>Variability</p> <p>A paratype female specimen (MABIK CR00247791) exhibits two abnormal conditions in the P4 enp-1 and P5 exopod. The right leg of the P4 lacks an inner seta on the proximal endopodal segment (Fig. 12D, arrowhead) and the left leg of the P5 has four setae on the exopod (Fig. 10A, arrowhead). These setal abnormalities were not detected in other examined specimens.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Interestingly, this new species exhibits several characteristics intermediate between those of the families Idyanthidae and Zosimeidae. Detailed morphological examination revealed that certain characteristics of the antenna and maxilliped resemble those of idyanthid copepods. The antenna of Acritozosime spinesco gen. et sp. nov. shares the presence of two elements on the proximal exopodal segment with the idyanthid genera Idyanthe Sars, 1909, Idyella Sars, 1905, Idyellopsis Lang, 1948, Nematovorax Bröhldick, 2005 and Tachidiella Sars, 1909 (all known zosimeid copepods have only one seta); and the distal endopodal segment bears seven elements as in members of the Idyanthidae (zosimeid species have at most six setae). The maxilliped of A. spinesco gen. et sp. nov. resembles those of idyanthid copepods in the presence of a joint between the syncoxa and basis and the presence of two setae on the syncoxa (members of the Zosimeidae have no setae on that segment, except for Zosime eliasi Pointner, 2017 having one seta). However, this new taxon also seems to have a close affinity with the family Zosimeidae as shown by the following features: (1) the female antennules are short, robust and armed with stout tri-spinulose setae; this is not the case in the Idyanthidae other than Tachidiella; (2) the distal endopodal segment of the antenna has a lateral armature composed of three elements (vs four setae in the Idyanthidae); (3) the mandibular endopod has only one lateral seta (vs 2–3 setae as in Idyanthe, Idyella and Tachidiella of the Idyanthidae); (4) the mandibular exopod is one-segmented, with four setae (vs two-segmented, with four setae on proximal segment and two setae on the distal one as in Styracothorax and Tachidiella of the Idyanthidae); (5) the maxillular exopod is smaller than the endopod (vs longer than the endopod as in Idyellopsis of the Idyanthidae); (6) all endites on the maxillary syncoxa are displaced toward the anterior half (vs the praecoxal endite is displaced toward the proximal half as in Idyella of the Idyanthidae); (7) the maxilliped has a small and almost square endopod bearing four non-geniculate elements (vs with geniculate setae or strong claws as in Idyanthe, Idyella, Meteorina and Styracothorax of the Idyanthidae); (8) the P1 enp-1 is almost square (vs elongate and broadened at the level of the inner element in the Idyanthidae); and (9) the shape of the female P5 is similar to that of Zosime bathybia Bodin, 1968, although the number of setae on the exopod differs.</p> <p>Seifried (2003) listed four significant autapomorphies of the Idyanthidae: (1) the mandibular exopod has a long proximal segment bearing four setae and a small distal segment bearing two setae; (2) the maxillulary exopod is elongate; (3) the P1 enp-1 is elongated and broadened at the level of the inner seta; and (4) the proximal outer seta on the female P5 exopod is inserted near the basis. Acritozosime spinesco gen. et sp. nov. does not share these characteristics. Instead, this new species exhibits several autapomorphies of the Zosimeidae in the antennary endopod, mandibular both rami, maxillulary exopod, maxillary syncoxa, maxillipedal endopod and P1 endopod as mentioned above (characters 2–8 in the previous paragraph). Therefore, we suggest that an allocation of A. spinesco gen. et sp. nov. to the Zosimeidae is more reasonable; the organism retains certain plesiomorphic conditions (at least in the antenna and maxilliped) of Idyanthidimorpha, as noted above. Within the Idyanthidimorpha, the sexual dimorphism of the male P2 is a clue to the taxonomic position of the harpacticoids (Moura &amp; Martínez Arbizu 2004; Bröhldick 2005). Unfortunately, we could not confirm this character state because we lacked males of the new species.</p> <p>Within the Zosimeidae, the most conspicuous characters of A. spinesco gen. et sp. nov. are the reduced segmentation and setal armature of the thoracic legs. The new species shares the two-segmented endopod in the thoracic legs with Pseudozosime, but differs from it by the reduced setal armature; the inner element of the proximal endopodal segment is lost in P1–P3; the distal exopodal segment in P2–P4 has two outer spines instead of three. All zosimeid copepods have one or two inner setae on the distal endopodal segment of P1, while these are lacking in A. spinesco gen. et sp. nov.</p> <p>This new species is also characterized by the following unambiguous features: (1) the loss of abexopodal elements on the proximal endopodal segment of the antenna (present in other zosimeid genera); (2) the lack of an epipodal element on the coxa of the maxillule (present in other zosimeid genera); and (3) the caudal seta V is notably elongated, being at least 80% of the total body length.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C10D87F40265FFE1FDBBFB7A555AF3BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Jong Guk;Lee, Jimin	Kim, Jong Guk, Lee, Jimin (2021): Proposal of two new genera of the family Zosimeidae Seifried (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): Heterozosime gen. nov. and Acritozosime gen. nov. European Journal of Taxonomy 760: 32-60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1439
