taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B987C8267F931AFC7ACA76078A2DFE.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 – 27) Description Alate vivipara (from two teneral specimens). Slidemounted specimens pale except for ant. segm. I and II, fore tibiae and siph. which are dusky; ant. segm. III and IV dark brown. Morphology. Discal setae of vertex pointed, 15 µm long. Ant. 0.7 times body length, segm. III markedly swollen on basal half of segment, with about 7 pointed setae 11 µm long; segm. III, IV and base of V bearing 77 – 84, 20 – 21 and 0 (exceptionally 4 from an alatoid nymph) semiannular secondary sens., respectively; lengths of flag. segm., III 0.57, IV 0.37, V base 0.19, pt 0.12 – 0.13. Urs 0.099 long, 0.96 times ht 2. Pronotum with 8 setae, with a marginal papilla on each side; sides of pronotum smooth. Mesoscutellum without setae. Metanotum with lateral membranous parts being without setae. Tc 1 3: 3: 3, on second tarsomere lateroapical setae fine and thin, pointed. Dorsal surface of abdomen smooth, without sclerotization, possibly due to the teneral condition of the specimens. Dorsal abdominal setae sparse, blunt or pointed; paramedian setae on tergites I – VI 4 – 6 each, VII bearing 6 and VIII bearing 2 – 3 setae (2 borne on the processes); longest setae on tergites I, VII and VIII are 11, 19 and 38 – 45 µm, respectively. On tergite VII one pair of outer setae sometimes on a short, spiculose process about 8 µm long. Processes on tergite VIII 68 µm long. One conspicuous marginal papilla on each side of tergites I – V. Siph. swollen 0.21 – 0.23 long, 0.11 times body length, with a ring of 5 setae. Cauda rounded triangular, bearing 4 long and 2 shorter pointed setae and with an indistinct preapical process. Anal plate with about 15 setae. Rudimentary gonapophyses 2 or 3. Subgenital plate with 14 setae. Body 1.87 – 2.02 long. Embryo. Eye a triommatidium. Ant. 4 - segmented. Frontal and three pairs of anterior discal setae broad flabellate, expanding immediately from bases, 11 µm long; posterior discal setae 2 pairs, flabellate, 5 µm long. Dorsal body setae until tergite VI minute, flabellate with rather few jagged cusps. Pronotum with 2 pairs each of marginal and spinal setae. Meso- and metanotum each with 2 pairs of marginal and 1 pair each of spinal and pleural setae. Tergites I – VI each with 1 pair of spinal, pleural and marginal setae. Tergite VII with 4 setae, of which those of the inner pair 19 µm long, elongate flabellate, and on processes. Tergite VIII with 2 cylindrical setae with flabellate apices, 30 µm long, also on processes. Siph. well developed. Integument smooth. Chaetotactic formula of ant. segm: 1 + 1, 3, 3, 2. Chaetotactic formula of rostrum: 0, 5, 2, 1 + 4. Alatoid nymph (from 1 specimen). Pale, legs, antennae and wing pads weakly pigmented. Ant. 0.6 times body length. Anterior discal setae of vertex 8 – 15 µm, flabellate, the longest with cylindrical basal half; posterior discals and remainder of dorsal body setae minute, 6 – 8 µm long, flabellate or with denticulate apices. On pronotum a pair of conspicuous marginal papillae, sides of pronotum weakly scabrous. Dorsal abdominal setae sparse, paramedian setae of tergites I – VI one pair of spinal and one pair of pleural setae, tergite VII bearing 6 (2 borne on the processes) and VIII 2 setae on processes. Processes on tergites VII and VIII 197 µm and 315 µm long, respectively, setae on processes 15 µm long. Siph. 0.21 long. Marginal papillae well developed from tergites I – V. Dorsal body integument smooth, except for sides of pronotum and for spicules on processes. Cauda with a dorsal process 64 µm long. Body 1.93 long. Alate ovipara (from 6 specimens). In slide-mounted specimens head, thorax, legs and siphunculi brown, sclerotic parts of abd. pale brown; ant. flagellum and mesonotum more strongly pigmented; ventral abd. sclerites pale brown; pterostigma pale with dark inner bordering. Morphology. Similar to the alate vivipara but differing as follows: Ant. segm. III, IV and base of V bearing 60 – 72, 10 – 21 and 0 – 1 semiannular secondary sens., respectively; lengths of flag. segm., III 0.43 – 0.61, IV 0.27 – 0.38, V base 0.17 – 0.21, pt 0.11 – 0.15. Urs 0.091 – 0.106 long, 0.86 – 1.08 times ht 2. Pseudosensoria on tibia absent. Sides of pronotum with a few spicules; posterior part of pronotum with a pair of ‘ posttergites’ (Wegierek, 2002) well developed. Dorsal sclerotization of abd. consisting of a free transverse paramedian band over tergite I and of ill-defined spinopleural bands that may fuse to form a large quadrate patch of irregular outline over tergites II – V and another medially indented patch over tergites VI – VII. Intersegmental sclerites developed in front of tergites I, II and VI. Marginal abd. sclerites present on tergites II – V, small, mutually free, sometimes poorly defined. On tergite VII pair of short processes up to 15 µm long. Tergite VIII bearing 4 setae, of which 2 at the base and 2 at the apex of the processes. Cauda semicircular without process. Anal plate large, rounded, spiculose, with about 50 setae. Subgenital plate large, bulging, with a few rows of spicules, with about 65 setae. Rudimentary gonapophyses 4. Apodemes of rudimentary ovipositor skeleton 3. Ventral abd. sclerites developed in pairs sublaterally on sternites III – VI, spiculose. Body 1.62 – 1.96 long. Egg. Oblong elliptical, 0.40 × 0.18, translucent. A short peduncle 30 µm long on one pole. This appears to be an eversion of the chorion with a dark granulate surface of the exochorion (see Fig. 49). Alate male (from 4 specimens). Colour when mounted on slides pale with dark brown ant.; legs, siph. and inner margin of pterostigma infuscated. Morphology. Very similar to the alate vivipara with the following exceptions: Ant. segm. III bearing 19 – 31 semiannular secondary sens., other flag. segm. without secondary sens; lengths of flag. segm., III 0.53 – 0.60, IV 0.34 – 0.37, V base 0.20 – 0.22, pt 0.10 – 0.11. Sides of pronotum weakly spiculose. Tergite I and marginal lobes of tergites I – V weakly spiculose. Processes of tergite VIII 70 – 90 µm long excluding seta. Cauda with an apical process 42 µm long. Genital armature relatively small, weakly sclerotized; aedeagus of penis rounded, with a few minute setae. Subgenital plate developed as a narrow bar bearing about 10 minute setae. Body 1.49 – 1.62 long. Host plant Unknown (obtained from canopy fogging). Material examined	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C8267F931AFC7ACA76078A2DFE.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE alate ovipara, EAST MALAYSIA: Sabah, Danum Valley field station, 6. vi. 1999 (H. Mendel et al.) (The Natural History Museum, London). PARATYPES: 2 alate viviparae, 7 alate oviparae, 6 males and 13 alatoid nymphs, of which 7 viviparous, same data as for holotype. Comments This species is easily recognized by the very great number of sensoria on the strongly swollen ant. segm. III, the presence of conspicuous marginal papillae on pronotum and tergites I – V, and the relatively sparse number of paramedian setae on the abdomen. Named after its collector Howard Mendel. This is the first record of alate oviparae in the genus Anomalosiphum, although they are also known to occur in genera of the Greenideini.	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C8267C931CFC5DC9D207B12C28.taxon	description	(FIGS 28 – 38) Description Alate vivipara (from 1 specimen). In slide-mounted specimens head, ant., legs and pronotum brown; mesonotum and siph. more strongly pigmented; sclerotic parts of abd. pale brown; pterostigma pale with dark inner bordering. Morphology. Discal setae of vertex pointed, 19 – 26 µm long. Ant. 0.7 times body length, segm. III moderately swollen with 11 pointed setae 19 µm long; segm. III, IV and base of V bearing 58 – 61, 14 – 16 and 1 semiannular sec. sensoria, respectively; lengths of flag. segm., III 0.60, IV 0.26, base V 0.18, pt 0.06. Urs 0.129 long, 1.21 times ht 2. Pronotum with about 15 setae, the longest 23 µm long, marginal setae in groups, marginal papillae absent; sides of pronotum spiculose; posterior part of pronotum with a pair of ‘ posttergites’. Mesocutellum with 2 setae. Lateral membranous parts of metanotum with 2 setae on each side. Tc 1 3: 3: 3. Second tarsal segment with one pair of preapical setae conspicuous, weakly capitate, as long or longer than empodial setae. Dorsal surface of abd. with tergites I and VIII and marginal lobes of tergites I – V spiculose; a few spicules also on tergites V – VII. Dorsal sclerotization of abd. consisting of a band on tergite I, smaller sclerites on tergite II, a large, solid rectangular patch of irregular outline on tergites III – V, and another trapezoid patch on tergites VI and VII, almost coalescing with the former. Intersegmental sclerites developed in front of tergites I, II and VI (VII). Marginal abd. sclerites developed on tergites II – V with 4 – 8 setae, the longest 34 µm long. Paramedian abd. setae numerous, pointed, tergite VII bearing 15 and VIII bearing 4 setae (2 on the processes); longest setae of tergites I, VII and VIII are 20, 76 and 102 µm, respectively. Processes on tergite VIII 34 µm long. Marginal papillae undeveloped. Siph. almost cylindrical, 0.27 long, 0.16 of body length, with a subapical ring of 5 setae. Cauda rounded, bearing 6 setae and a short preapical process. Anal plate with about 17 setae. Rudimentary gonapopyses 2. Subgenital plate with 8 setae. Body 1.77 long. Embryo. Eye a triommatidium. Ant. 4 - segmented. Frontal and anterior discal setae blunt, peg-like with barely expanded apices, 6 – 10 µm long. Dorsal body setae from pronotum to tergite VI minute, peg-like, about 6 µm long. Integument weakly variolose. Otherwise as normal for Anomalosiphum. Host plant Unknown (Metasequoia or Dawn Redwood region).	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C8267C931CFC5DC9D207B12C28.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined HOLOTYPE alate vivipara, CHINA: Hupeh Province, Li-ch’uan, Siu Ho, 14. ix. 1948, host unknown (Y. W. Djou) (Essig Museum of the University of California, Berkeley). Comments. This species was described by Essig (1951) under the name A. pithecolobii Takahashi. However, the latter has a longer apical rostral segment (0.144 long, about 1.85 times ht 2). In addition, a close comparison of the embryos revealed that Essig’s specimen is different. The embryo of A. pithecolobii has flabellate dorsal body setae and the siph. bears two minute setae in addition (Fig. 39). In the embryo of A. essigi the dorsal body setae are blunt, peg-like and the siph. is without setae (Fig. 37). Anomalosiphum essigi somewhat resembles A. scleroticum Qiao & G. X. Zhang 2001 in having the sclerites of tergites VI / VII almost coalescing with those of tergites III / V, but differs by more and longer setae on the pronotum and the presence of a secondary sensorium on ant. segm. V. Epithet given in honour of the late professor E. O. Essig. Anomalosiphum tiomanense was found again by the second author in China (Hong Kong Island, Pok Fu Lam Country Park) on Dalbergia sp., 21. xii. 2001, 3 apterous, 5 alate viviparae and 3 alatoid nymphs. The apterae differ in having frontal setae 15 – 19 µm long (8 – 16 µm in the types) and in the alates submarginal setae on tergite VII are 45 – 57 µm long (15 – 19 µm in the types) and the apical setae on the processes of tergite VIII are 80 – 91 µm long (45 – 56 µm in the types). In addition, the embryos from the Hong Kong sample have dorsal body setae peg-like instead with incrassate, denticulate apices (Figs 41 – 48). It appears premature to assign the Hong Kong material to a distinct subspecies because the nominate species is known from only a few specimens, all from one locality (north of Kampung Tekek, Pahang Province, West Malaysia) and intraspecific variation cannot be assessed. Pedunculate eggs in the Greenideinae and other groups of aphids As a chance observation, it was found that the oviparae of Anomalosiphum mendeli have eggs in their abdomen that are pedunculate. Apart from this species, stalked eggs were also found in the following oviparae of aphids mounted on slides: Subfam. Greenideinae: Eutrichosiphum sp., Allotrichosiphum kashicola (Kurisaki), Greenidea sp., Schoutedenia lutea (v. d. Goot), S. ralumensis Rübsaamen; Neophyllaphidinae: Neophyllaphis araucariae Takahashi, N. (Chileaphis) podocarpini Carrillo; Aiceoninae: Aiceona himalaica Miyazaki. The oviparae were all winged except wingless in the genus Schoutedenia. More examples could probably be given were it not for the fact that often the eggs have been removed in the preparations. A few types of pedunculate eggs are illustrated in Figs 49 – 56. It is noteworthy that the eggs of S. ralumensis have a smooth, short peduncle, whereas those of S. lutea have only a translucent bulging area on one pole of the egg. In N. (C.) podocarpini the stalk is cone-shaped, pigmented and smooth. In the other species examined the stalk has a dark granulate surface. The stalk of the egg of A. himalaica is strongly bent. Miyazaki (1977) has shown this on a photograph but does not give comments in his publication. The function of the stalk remains unknown. It may serve for the fixation of the egg on foliage, but observations on egg-laying in Anomalosiphum mendeli could not be made. Takahashi (1959) states that the eggs of Paratrichosiphum (now Allotrichosiphum) kashicola are depressed and flat, but in his illustration no stalk is to be seen. Carver & Hales (1974) report on flat eggs in Neophyllaphis brimblecombei Carver laid in nature and in the laboratory but no mention is made of a stalk, which should occur in this group of aphids. Similarities of oviparous female genitalia in Greenideinae, Neophyllaphidinae and Aiceoninae. Incidence of pseudosensoria Miyazaki (1977) gave a description of the alate ovipara of Aiceona himalaica. The sclerotized genital plate is large, occupying nearly the whole width of sternites VII and VIII, which are almost completely separated by a transverse split, dividing the genital plate into an anterior and a posterior lobe. There are two types of setae on the posterior lobe, namely many pointed hair-like setae and less numerous peg-like setae (Fig. 61). Such a configuration is also known to occur in the genus Neophyllaphis. The transverse split is clearly observed in N. grobleri Eastop (Fig. 57), but it is almost obsolete in N. araucariae and N. (Chileaphis) podocarpini (Fig. 58) but the peg-like setae are always present on the posterior lobe of the genital plate. In the genus Anomalosiphum and some other genera of the Greenideini the genital plate of the winged ovipara is also large, but more bulging. In A. mendeli there is no subdivision and on the posterior part there are no peg-like setae, but setae are distinctly shorter than on the anterior part (Fig. 27). This seems to be the more advanced state, where the separation between sternites VII and VIII is no longer recognizable except for the different lengths of the setae, as in Eutrichosiphum garhwalense Maity & Chakrabarti (Fig. 60). In the past the taxonomic position of the Aiceoninae was poorly understood. Takahashi (1921) originally placed Aiceona in the subtribe Anoecini of his tribe Lachnina. It now appears that this genus is not related to Anoecia but may have evolved from Neophyllaphis - like ancestors, which may also be the ancestors of primitive Lachninae, if one considers certain similarities between Chileaphis and Lachninae as monophyletic. Although the anal plate in Aiceona is not bilobate as in Neophyllaphis, the genital plate is quite similar in both groups. It also appears unlikely that stalked eggs have evolved several times independently in the aphids. On the other hand, recent discoveries by Wegierek & Peñalver (2002) from the Miocene of Europe confirm that the Greenideinae are phylogenetically old. Both Greenideinae and Neophyllaphidinae oviparae have well-developed apodemes on rudiments of an ovipositor skeleton (Figs 57, 60). The presence of setae on the membranous lateral zones of the metanotum and the extended range of marginal abdominal setae (latero-sternal setae, Quednau & Remaudière, 1994) and other morphological characters make it highly probable that both groups may have evolved from the same ancestor. Recently, Wegierek (2002) pointed out that the drepanosiphine aphids and the Greenideinae show a marked resemblance with respect to head and thorax structure. In the Greenideinae we find striking examples of homoplasies with respect to Drepanosiphum, the Chaitophorinae and also the Saltusaphidinae. Ghosh & Raychaudhuri (1973) report faintly indicated pseudosensoria-like structures on the hind tibiae of the oviparae of Aiceona litseae Basu & Hille Ris Lambers. In A. himalaica oviparae they are absent. The oviparae of Neophyllaphidinae have pseudosensoria on all or only the hind tibiae. Pseudosensoria are generally absent on the tibiae of oviparae in the Greenideinae, but the wingless oviparae of the Schoutedeniini have such organs on the hind femora. Pseudosensoria are commonly known to occur on the hind tibiae in all groups of the higher evolved Aphididae. Occurrence of alate oviparae in the Aphididae The alate condition of an ovipara is the primitive form in aphids and this was originally the case in all Aphididae (Mordvilko, 1934). In the extant fauna this condition is known only in the following subfamilies: Phloeomyzinae, Tamaliinae, Neophyllaphidinae, Greenideinae (except Schoutedeniini) and Aiceoninae. Mordvilko also pointed out that originally several bisexual generations existed. In the Greenideinae there is no particular time of the year for sexuales production within this group, even in temperate Japan. For instance, Allotrichosiphum kashicola (on Quercus) has only two generations a year in Osaka, where apterous fundatrices are sexuparae at the same time, and alate sexes emerge in the second generation in May. In a more northern region, in Tokyo, however, two or more generations are produced, the sexual forms appearing from the second generation (Takahashi, 1959). In the Neophyllaphidinae in Japan (on Podocarpus) winged oviparae and males appear from May until November, yet simultanously winged and wingless virgins develop. It is not clear whether the eggs laid by the oviparous females must necessarily hibernate or whether during the same summer fundatrices may develop from the eggs at the beginning of the summer. In addition, in the Aiceoninae winged oviparae as well as males may be found in colonies at almost any time of the year (Blackman & Eastop, 1994). The sample of Anomalosiphum mendeli described here was collected in Malaysia in early June, i. e. in a tropical climate moderated by monsoonal effects. Phylogenetically old aphids which originally inhabited warmer climatic zones have found refuges in South East Asia after the pronounced climatic changes on other continents in recent times.	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C8267C931CFC5DC9D207B12C28.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE alate vivipara, CHINA: Hupeh Province, Li-ch’uan, Siu Ho, 14. ix. 1948, host unknown (Y. W. Djou) (Essig Museum of the University of California, Berkeley). Comments. This species was described by Essig (1951) under the name A. pithecolobii Takahashi. However, the latter has a longer apical rostral segment (0.144 long, about 1.85 times ht 2). In addition, a close comparison of the embryos revealed that Essig’s specimen is different. The embryo of A. pithecolobii has flabellate dorsal body setae and the siph. bears two minute setae in addition (Fig. 39). In the embryo of A. essigi the dorsal body setae are blunt, peg-like and the siph. is without setae (Fig. 37). Anomalosiphum essigi somewhat resembles A. scleroticum Qiao & G. X. Zhang 2001 in having the sclerites of tergites VI / VII almost coalescing with those of tergites III / V, but differs by more and longer setae on the pronotum and the presence of a secondary sensorium on ant. segm. V. Epithet given in honour of the late professor E. O. Essig. Anomalosiphum tiomanense was found again by the second author in China (Hong Kong Island, Pok Fu Lam Country Park) on Dalbergia sp., 21. xii. 2001, 3 apterous, 5 alate viviparae and 3 alatoid nymphs. The apterae differ in having frontal setae 15 – 19 µm long (8 – 16 µm in the types) and in the alates submarginal setae on tergite VII are 45 – 57 µm long (15 – 19 µm in the types) and the apical setae on the processes of tergite VIII are 80 – 91 µm long (45 – 56 µm in the types). In addition, the embryos from the Hong Kong sample have dorsal body setae peg-like instead with incrassate, denticulate apices (Figs 41 – 48). It appears premature to assign the Hong Kong material to a distinct subspecies because the nominate species is known from only a few specimens, all from one locality (north of Kampung Tekek, Pahang Province, West Malaysia) and intraspecific variation cannot be assessed. Pedunculate eggs in the Greenideinae and other groups of aphids As a chance observation, it was found that the oviparae of Anomalosiphum mendeli have eggs in their abdomen that are pedunculate. Apart from this species, stalked eggs were also found in the following oviparae of aphids mounted on slides: Subfam. Greenideinae: Eutrichosiphum sp., Allotrichosiphum kashicola (Kurisaki), Greenidea sp., Schoutedenia lutea (v. d. Goot), S. ralumensis Rübsaamen; Neophyllaphidinae: Neophyllaphis araucariae Takahashi, N. (Chileaphis) podocarpini Carrillo; Aiceoninae: Aiceona himalaica Miyazaki. The oviparae were all winged except wingless in the genus Schoutedenia. More examples could probably be given were it not for the fact that often the eggs have been removed in the preparations. A few types of pedunculate eggs are illustrated in Figs 49 – 56. It is noteworthy that the eggs of S. ralumensis have a smooth, short peduncle, whereas those of S. lutea have only a translucent bulging area on one pole of the egg. In N. (C.) podocarpini the stalk is cone-shaped, pigmented and smooth. In the other species examined the stalk has a dark granulate surface. The stalk of the egg of A. himalaica is strongly bent. Miyazaki (1977) has shown this on a photograph but does not give comments in his publication. The function of the stalk remains unknown. It may serve for the fixation of the egg on foliage, but observations on egg-laying in Anomalosiphum mendeli could not be made. Takahashi (1959) states that the eggs of Paratrichosiphum (now Allotrichosiphum) kashicola are depressed and flat, but in his illustration no stalk is to be seen. Carver & Hales (1974) report on flat eggs in Neophyllaphis brimblecombei Carver laid in nature and in the laboratory but no mention is made of a stalk, which should occur in this group of aphids. Similarities of oviparous female genitalia in Greenideinae, Neophyllaphidinae and Aiceoninae. Incidence of pseudosensoria Miyazaki (1977) gave a description of the alate ovipara of Aiceona himalaica. The sclerotized genital plate is large, occupying nearly the whole width of sternites VII and VIII, which are almost completely separated by a transverse split, dividing the genital plate into an anterior and a posterior lobe. There are two types of setae on the posterior lobe, namely many pointed hair-like setae and less numerous peg-like setae (Fig. 61). Such a configuration is also known to occur in the genus Neophyllaphis. The transverse split is clearly observed in N. grobleri Eastop (Fig. 57), but it is almost obsolete in N. araucariae and N. (Chileaphis) podocarpini (Fig. 58) but the peg-like setae are always present on the posterior lobe of the genital plate. In the genus Anomalosiphum and some other genera of the Greenideini the genital plate of the winged ovipara is also large, but more bulging. In A. mendeli there is no subdivision and on the posterior part there are no peg-like setae, but setae are distinctly shorter than on the anterior part (Fig. 27). This seems to be the more advanced state, where the separation between sternites VII and VIII is no longer recognizable except for the different lengths of the setae, as in Eutrichosiphum garhwalense Maity & Chakrabarti (Fig. 60). In the past the taxonomic position of the Aiceoninae was poorly understood. Takahashi (1921) originally placed Aiceona in the subtribe Anoecini of his tribe Lachnina. It now appears that this genus is not related to Anoecia but may have evolved from Neophyllaphis - like ancestors, which may also be the ancestors of primitive Lachninae, if one considers certain similarities between Chileaphis and Lachninae as monophyletic. Although the anal plate in Aiceona is not bilobate as in Neophyllaphis, the genital plate is quite similar in both groups. It also appears unlikely that stalked eggs have evolved several times independently in the aphids. On the other hand, recent discoveries by Wegierek & Peñalver (2002) from the Miocene of Europe confirm that the Greenideinae are phylogenetically old. Both Greenideinae and Neophyllaphidinae oviparae have well-developed apodemes on rudiments of an ovipositor skeleton (Figs 57, 60). The presence of setae on the membranous lateral zones of the metanotum and the extended range of marginal abdominal setae (latero-sternal setae, Quednau & Remaudière, 1994) and other morphological characters make it highly probable that both groups may have evolved from the same ancestor. Recently, Wegierek (2002) pointed out that the drepanosiphine aphids and the Greenideinae show a marked resemblance with respect to head and thorax structure. In the Greenideinae we find striking examples of homoplasies with respect to Drepanosiphum, the Chaitophorinae and also the Saltusaphidinae. Ghosh & Raychaudhuri (1973) report faintly indicated pseudosensoria-like structures on the hind tibiae of the oviparae of Aiceona litseae Basu & Hille Ris Lambers. In A. himalaica oviparae they are absent. The oviparae of Neophyllaphidinae have pseudosensoria on all or only the hind tibiae. Pseudosensoria are generally absent on the tibiae of oviparae in the Greenideinae, but the wingless oviparae of the Schoutedeniini have such organs on the hind femora. Pseudosensoria are commonly known to occur on the hind tibiae in all groups of the higher evolved Aphididae. Occurrence of alate oviparae in the Aphididae The alate condition of an ovipara is the primitive form in aphids and this was originally the case in all Aphididae (Mordvilko, 1934). In the extant fauna this condition is known only in the following subfamilies: Phloeomyzinae, Tamaliinae, Neophyllaphidinae, Greenideinae (except Schoutedeniini) and Aiceoninae. Mordvilko also pointed out that originally several bisexual generations existed. In the Greenideinae there is no particular time of the year for sexuales production within this group, even in temperate Japan. For instance, Allotrichosiphum kashicola (on Quercus) has only two generations a year in Osaka, where apterous fundatrices are sexuparae at the same time, and alate sexes emerge in the second generation in May. In a more northern region, in Tokyo, however, two or more generations are produced, the sexual forms appearing from the second generation (Takahashi, 1959). In the Neophyllaphidinae in Japan (on Podocarpus) winged oviparae and males appear from May until November, yet simultanously winged and wingless virgins develop. It is not clear whether the eggs laid by the oviparous females must necessarily hibernate or whether during the same summer fundatrices may develop from the eggs at the beginning of the summer. In addition, in the Aiceoninae winged oviparae as well as males may be found in colonies at almost any time of the year (Blackman & Eastop, 1994). The sample of Anomalosiphum mendeli described here was collected in Malaysia in early June, i. e. in a tropical climate moderated by monsoonal effects. Phylogenetically old aphids which originally inhabited warmer climatic zones have found refuges in South East Asia after the pronounced climatic changes on other continents in recent times.	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C8267C931CFC5DC9D207B12C28.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was described by Essig (1951) under the name A. pithecolobii Takahashi. However, the latter has a longer apical rostral segment (0.144 long, about 1.85 times ht 2). In addition, a close comparison of the embryos revealed that Essig’s specimen is different. The embryo of A. pithecolobii has flabellate dorsal body setae and the siph. bears two minute setae in addition (Fig. 39). In the embryo of A. essigi the dorsal body setae are blunt, peg-like and the siph. is without setae (Fig. 37). Anomalosiphum essigi somewhat resembles A. scleroticum Qiao & G. X. Zhang 2001 in having the sclerites of tergites VI / VII almost coalescing with those of tergites III / V, but differs by more and longer setae on the pronotum and the presence of a secondary sensorium on ant. segm. V. Epithet given in honour of the late professor E. O. Essig. Anomalosiphum tiomanense was found again by the second author in China (Hong Kong Island, Pok Fu Lam Country Park) on Dalbergia sp., 21. xii. 2001, 3 apterous, 5 alate viviparae and 3 alatoid nymphs. The apterae differ in having frontal setae 15 – 19 µm long (8 – 16 µm in the types) and in the alates submarginal setae on tergite VII are 45 – 57 µm long (15 – 19 µm in the types) and the apical setae on the processes of tergite VIII are 80 – 91 µm long (45 – 56 µm in the types). In addition, the embryos from the Hong Kong sample have dorsal body setae peg-like instead with incrassate, denticulate apices (Figs 41 – 48). It appears premature to assign the Hong Kong material to a distinct subspecies because the nominate species is known from only a few specimens, all from one locality (north of Kampung Tekek, Pahang Province, West Malaysia) and intraspecific variation cannot be assessed.	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C8267C931CFC5DC9D207B12C28.taxon	description	(Apterae of A. pithecolobii, A. mendeli, A. essigi and A. scleroticum unknown)	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
03B987C82678931EFE79CCFA01D22BC7.taxon	description	(Apterae of A. pithecolobii, A. mendeli, A. essigi and A. scleroticum unknown)	en	Quednau, F. W., Martin, J. H. (2006): Descriptions of two new species of Anomalosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae, Greenideinae), including a winged ovipara with pedunculate eggs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2): 239-249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00202.x
