identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B8368791084EFFF8FC6574D3FA1DB253.text	B8368791084EFFF8FC6574D3FA1DB253.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Potamites Doan & Castoe 2005	<div><p>POTAMITES GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Euspondylus strangulatus Cope, 1868: 99.</p> <p>Neusticurus strangulatus group: Uzzell, 1966: 311.</p> <p>Etymology: Potamites is a masculine Greek noun, meaning water finder. It refers to the fact that most members of this genus are semiaquatic, walking on the bottom of streams and often diving into streams to escape predation.</p> <p>Definition: Tongue with imbricate, scale-like papillae. Nostril pierced in a single nasal; nasals separated usually by paired or single frontonasals, occasionally by irregular scales; prefrontals paired or irregular; interparietal usually bordered by a pair of parietals laterally, by a series of two to eight smaller scales posteriorly; occipital and temporal scales differentiated or not; rostral large, mental and postmental single, followed by several paired chin shields; gular crease feeble or absent. Collar fold well developed. Lower eyelid developed, with a palpebral disc undivided or divided into two to seven scales, transparent or pigmented. Tympanum at surface of head or slightly recessed, overhung by surrounding scales of surface of head. Dorsal scales heterogeneous, imbricate, with large, keeled tubercles intermixed with small flat scales, in transverse or longitudinal rows. Ventral scales wider than dorsals, usually flat, rectangular or slightly rounded posteriorly, subimbricate, in transverse and 6–10 longitudinal rows; lateral rows raised or keeled in some species. Limbs pentadactyl, digits clawed; forefoot with enlarged, plate-like scales along inner margin between thumb and wrist; under side of third and fourth toes with paired scales proximally, inner scale a rounded tubercle. Tail slightly compressed; a double caudal crest, feebly to strongly developed. Total femoral and preanal pores: 10–59 in males; 0–29 in females. Preanal plate in 2–3 rows, posterior row 2–5 scales in both sexes. Males and females with or without conspicuous, white- or browncentred, black-bordered ocelli on their lateral body surfaces. Hemipenis without basal hooks; flounces with minute calcareous spinules.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Potamites differs from members of subfamily Alopoglossinae by having its tongue covered in imbricate, scale-like papillae instead of oblique plicae (Harris, 1994), from subfamily Gymnophthalminae by having moveable eyelids, from subfamily Rhachisaurinae by having external ear openings and from subfamily Ecpleopinae by having heterogeneous dorsal scalation. Within subfamily Cercosaurinae (sensu Castoe et al., 2004), Potamites differs from all genera except Echinosaura, Neusticurus, and Teuchocercus by having heterogeneous dorsal scalation. It differs from Echinosaura by lacking basal spines on the hemipenes, from Teuchocercus by lacking conical scales on the tail, and from Neusticurus (character states in parentheses) by having a slightly compressed tail (strongly compressed), subimbricate ventral scales (imbricate), and calcareous spinules on flounces of hemipenes (no spinules).</p> <p>Content: Potamites includes six species (Table 1).</p> <p>Distribution: Potamites occurs throughout Amazonia in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia and in the San José Province of Costa Rica.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8368791084EFFF8FC6574D3FA1DB253	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B83687910848FFF8FD8375A0FDC5B12A.text	B83687910848FFF8FD8375A0FDC5B12A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Potamites Doan & Castoe 2005	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POTAMITES GEN. NOV.</p> <p>1a. Dorsal scales in longitudinal rows of large, keeled scales with smaller scales on either side of rows.................................................................................... 2</p> <p>1b. No longitudinal rows of large, keeled dorsal scales....................................... P. strangulatus</p> <p>2a. Single frontonasal scale.......................................................................... 3</p> <p>2b. Frontonasal scale replaced by a series of irregular scales..................................... P. apodemus</p> <p>3a. Tail annuli in complete rings of enlarged keeled scales................................................ 4</p> <p>3b. Tail annuli rings not complete, large keeled scales interrupted by small flat scales......................... 5</p> <p>4a. Tympanum at surface of the head......................................................... P. ocellatus</p> <p>4b. Tympanum slightly recessed............................................................. P. cochranae</p> <p>5a. Two to three reduced scales transversely between two paravertebral tubercular rows at mid-dorsum................................................................... P. juruazensis</p> <p>5b. Four to six reduced scales transversely between two paravertebral tubercular rows at mid-dorsum.......................................................... P. ecpleopus</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B83687910848FFF8FD8375A0FDC5B12A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B83687910848FFFBFE817427FAD1B43F.text	B83687910848FFFBFE817427FAD1B43F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neusticurus DUMERIL & BIBRON	<div><p>NEUSTICURUS DUMÉRIL &amp; BIBRON</p> <p>Type species: Lacerta bicarinata Linnaeus, 1758: 201.</p> <p>Neusticurus bicarinatus group: Uzzell, 1966: 311.</p> <p>Definition: Tongue with imbricate, scale-like papillae. Nostril pierced in a single nasal; nasals separated usually by paired or single frontonasals; prefrontals paired or irregular, sometimes with a diamond shaped scale between frontonasal and prefrontals; interparietal usually bordered by a pair of parietals laterally, by a series of 3-9 smaller scales posteriorly; occipitals differentiated or not; temporal scales differentiated or not, irregular, sometimes keeled; rostral large, mental and postmental single, followed by several paired chin shields; gular crease feeble or absent. Collar fold moderately to well developed. Lower eyelid developed, with a palpebral disc divided into 3-6 scales, sometimes pigmented. Tympanum slightly to deeply recessed, overhung by surrounding scales of surface of head. Dorsal scales uniformly small, or heterogeneous, imbricate, with keeled tuberculate scales, sometimes intermixed with small flat or convex scales, in longitudinal, oblique, or transverse and oblique rows. Ventral scales usually flat, rounded posteriorly, imbricate, in transverse and 8–10 longitudinal rows, lateralmost rows convex or keeled in some species. Limbs pentadactyl, digits clawed; forefoot with enlarged, plate-like scales along inner margin between thumb and wrist; under side of third and fourth toes with paired scales proximally, inner scale a rounded tubercle. Tail strongly compressed; a double caudal crest, feebly to strongly developed. Femoral and preanal pores form an unbroken series: 32–72 in males; 1-18 in females. Preanal plate in 2-3 rows, posteriormost row with 5-7 scales in both sexes. Males and females with or without conspicuous, white-centred, black-bordered ocelli on their lateral body surfaces. Hemipenis without basal hooks; flounces without minute calcareous spinules.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Neusticurus differs from members of Alopoglossinae by having its tongue covered in imbricate, scale-like papillae instead of oblique plicae (Harris, 1994), from Gymnophthalminae by having moveable eyelids, from Rhachisaurinae by having external ear openings, and from Ecpleopinae by having heterogeneous dorsal scalation. Within Cercosaurinae (sensu Castoe et al., 2004), Neusticurus differs from all genera except Echinosaura, Potamites and Teuchocercus by having heterogeneous dorsal scales.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF POTAMITES GEN. NOV.</p> <p>1a. Dorsal scales in longitudinal rows of large, keeled scales with smaller scales on either side of rows.................................................................................... 2</p> <p>1b. No longitudinal rows of large, keeled dorsal scales....................................... P. strangulatus</p> <p>2a. Single frontonasal scale.......................................................................... 3</p> <p>2b. Frontonasal scale replaced by a series of irregular scales..................................... P. apodemus</p> <p>3a. Tail annuli in complete rings of enlarged keeled scales................................................ 4</p> <p>3b. Tail annuli rings not complete, large keeled scales interrupted by small flat scales......................... 5</p> <p>4a. Tympanum at surface of the head......................................................... P. ocellatus</p> <p>4b. Tympanum slightly recessed............................................................. P. cochranae</p> <p>5a. Two to three reduced scales transversely between two paravertebral tubercular rows at mid-dorsum................................................................... P. juruazensis</p> <p>5b. Four to six reduced scales transversely between two paravertebral tubercular rows at mid-dorsum.......................................................... P. ecpleopus</p> <p>It differs from Echinosaura by lacking basal spines on the hemipenes, from Teuchocercus by lacking conical scales on the tail, and from Potamites (character states for Potamites in parentheses) by having a strongly compressed tail (slightly compressed), ventral scales imbricate (subimbricate ventral scales), and hemipenes lacking calcareous spinules on flounces (calcareous spinules on hemipenes).</p> <p>Content: Neusticurus includes five species (Table 1).</p> <p>Distribution: Neusticurus occurs throughout the Guianan Shield region of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B83687910848FFFBFE817427FAD1B43F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B8368791084BFFFBFE3A75D9FD28B0B4.text	B8368791084BFFFBFE3A75D9FD28B0B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neusticurus DUMERIL & BIBRON	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEUSTICURUS DUMÉRIL &amp; BIBRON</p> <p>1a. Single frontonasal...............................................................................2</p> <p>1b. Paired frontonasals..............................................................................4</p> <p>2a. Uniformly small dorsal scales.....................................................................3</p> <p>2b. Heterogeneous dorsal scales: large keeled scales intermixed with small flat scales.................... N. rudis</p> <p>3a. Deeply recessed tympanum............................................................... N. medemi</p> <p>3b. Slightly recessed tympanum................................................................. N. tatei</p> <p>4a. Dorsal scales in longitudinal rows only................................................... N. bicarinatus</p> <p>4b. Dorsal scales in transverse and oblique rows only............................................. N. racenisi</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8368791084BFFFBFE3A75D9FD28B0B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B8368791084BFFFBFEB77215FC63B494.text	B8368791084BFFFBFEB77215FC63B494.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petracola Doan & Castoe 2005	<div><p>PETRACOLA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Proctoporus ventrimaculatus Boulenger, 1900: 185.</p> <p>Etymology: Petracola is a masculine word derived from Latin, meaning rock dweller. It refers to the fact that these lizards are usually found beneath rocks on the ground.</p> <p>Definition: Tongue with imbricate, scale-like papillae. Head scales smooth without striations or rugosities: single frontonasal, frontal, and interparietal; paired frontoparietals and parietals; prefrontals absent; nostril pierced in a single nasal; nasals not in contact; supraoculars three or four. Eyelids developed, lower with a translucent disc, usually divided into multiple palpebral scales. Posterior gulars squarish. Limbs pentadactyl; digits clawed. Dorsal scales quadrangular, elongate, smooth, juxtaposed, forming transverse series only. Ventrals large, smooth, quadrangular, juxtaposed, forming regular longitudinal and transverse series. Femoral pores usually present in males and females, less than six per hind limb; preanal pores present or absent. Tail cylindrical.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Petracola differs from members of Alopoglossinae by having its tongue covered in imbricate, scale-like papillae instead of oblique plicae (Harris, 1994), from Gymnophthalminae by having moveable eyelids, from Rhachisaurinae by having external ear openings, and from Ecpelopinae by lacking prefrontal scales. Within Cercosaurinae (sensu Castoe et al., 2004), Petracola differs from all genera except Pholidobolus, Proctoporus, and Riama by lacking prefrontal scales. Petracola differs from Proctoporus by having smooth dorsal scales, from Pholidobolus by having juxtaposed dorsal scales and from Riama by a combination of smooth dorsal scales and femoral pores per hind limb in both sexes less than six (exclusive of preanal pores).</p> <p>Content: Petracola contains two species (Table 1).</p> <p>Distribution: Petracola is only known to occur in the Huánuco, Piura, and Cajamarca Departments of central and northern Peru.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8368791084BFFFBFEB77215FC63B494	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B8368791084BFFFBFE757763FD28B12A.text	B8368791084BFFFBFE757763FD28B12A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petracola Doan & Castoe 2005	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PETRACOLA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>1a. Three supraoculars, supralabial-subocular fusion absent................................ P. ventrimaculatus</p> <p>1b. Four supraoculars, supralabial-subocular fusion present.................................... P. labioocularis</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8368791084BFFFBFE757763FD28B12A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B8368791084BFFFAFC49737FF935B2E9.text	B8368791084BFFFAFC49737FF935B2E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Riama (Kohler & Lehr 2005) Gray 2005	<div><p>RIAMA GRAY COMB. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Riama unicolor Gray, 1858: 446.</p> <p>Definition: Tongue with imbricate, scalelike papillae. Head scales smooth without striations or rugosities: single frontonasal, frontal, and interparietal; paired frontoparietals and parietals; prefrontals absent; nostril pierced in a single nasal; nasals not in contact. Eyelids developed, lower with a translucent disc divided into several scales. Posterior gulars squarish. Limbs pentadactyl; digits clawed. Dorsal scales quadrangular or hexagonal, elongate, smooth, striate, rugose, or keeled, juxtaposed, forming transverse series only. Ventrals large, smooth, quadrangular, juxtaposed, forming regular longitudinal and transverse series. Femoral pores usually present in males and females; preanal pores present or absent in males or females. Tail cylindrical.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Riama differs from members of Alopoglossinae by having its tongue covered in imbricate, scale-like papillae instead of oblique plicae (Harris, 1994), from Gymnophthalminae by having moveable eyelids, from Rhachisaurinae by having external ear openings, and from Ecpelopinae by lacking prefrontal scales. Within Cercosaurinae (sensu Castoe et al., 2004), Riama differs from all genera except Pholidobolus, Proctoporus, and Petracola by lacking prefrontal scales. It differs from Proctoporus by having a divided palpebral disc, from Pholidobolus by lacking two medial rows of widened gulars, and from Petracola by lacking the combination of smooth dorsal scales and femoral pores per hind limb in both sexes less than six (exclusive of preanal pores).</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEUSTICURUS DUMÉRIL &amp; BIBRON</p> <p>1a. Single frontonasal...............................................................................2</p> <p>1b. Paired frontonasals..............................................................................4</p> <p>2a. Uniformly small dorsal scales.....................................................................3</p> <p>2b. Heterogeneous dorsal scales: large keeled scales intermixed with small flat scales.................... N. rudis</p> <p>3a. Deeply recessed tympanum............................................................... N. medemi</p> <p>3b. Slightly recessed tympanum................................................................. N. tatei</p> <p>4a. Dorsal scales in longitudinal rows only................................................... N. bicarinatus</p> <p>4b. Dorsal scales in transverse and oblique rows only............................................. N. racenisi</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PETRACOLA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>1a. Three supraoculars, supralabial-subocular fusion absent................................ P. ventrimaculatus</p> <p>1b. Four supraoculars, supralabial-subocular fusion present.................................... P. labioocularis</p> <p>Content: Riama includes 24 species (Table 1).</p> <p>Distribution: Riama occurs throughout the Andes of central Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela, the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela, and the northern range of the island of Trinidad.</p> <p>Remarks: Gray’s (1858) description of Riama included some erroneous characters, such as a lateral longitudinal fold that he used as evidence to state that the genus was related to amphisbaenians and Bachia. Although we have not been able to examine the type specimen of this genus, it appears from his detailed drawing that the type specimen was average and did not actually have a lateral fold, but a very thin row of reduced lateral scales. Preservation of a specimen that had not recently eaten or had been dehydrated before or after fixation may have led to the overlapping of dorsal and ventral scales, producing what appeared to be a lateral fold.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8368791084BFFFAFC49737FF935B2E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B8368791084AFFFAFEC074B3FC6BB03A.text	B8368791084AFFFAFEC074B3FC6BB03A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proctoporus TSCHUDI	<div><p>PROCTOPORUS TSCHUDI</p> <p>Type species: Proctoporus pachyurus Tschudi, 1845: 161.</p> <p>Proctoporus pachyurus group: Uzzell, 1970: 4.</p> <p>Definition: Tongue with imbricate, scalelike papillae. Head scales smooth without striations or rugosities: single frontonasal, frontal, and interparietal; paired frontoparietals and parietals; prefrontals absent; nostril pierced in a single nasal; nasals not in contact. Eyelids developed, lower with an undivided translucent disc. Posterior gulars squarish. Limbs pentadactyl; digits clawed. Dorsal scales quadrangular, elongate, keeled, juxtaposed, forming transverse series only. Ventrals large, smooth, quadrangular, juxtaposed, forming regular longitudinal and transverse series. Femoral pores present in males, sometimes absent in females; preanal pores absent in both sexes. Tail cylindrical.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Proctoporus differs from members of subfamily Alopoglossinae by having its tongue covered in imbricate, scale-like papillae instead of oblique plicae (Harris, 1994), from Gymnophthalminae by having moveable eyelids, from Rhachisaurinae by having external ear openings and from Ecpelopinae by lacking prefrontal scales. Within Cercosaurinae (sensu Castoe et al., 2004), Proctoporus differs from all genera except Pholidobolus, Riama, and Petracola by lacking prefrontal scales. It differs from Riama by having an entire palpebral eye disc, from Petracola by having keeled dorsal scales and from Pholidobolus by having juxtaposed dorsal scales.</p> <p>Content: Proctoporus s.s. includes five species (Table 1).</p> <p>Distribution: Proctoporus occurs in the Andes of the Peruvian departments of Apurimac, Ayacucho, Cusco, Junín, and Puno, and the Bolivian departments of Cochabamba, La Paz, and Santa Cruz.</p> <p>Remarks: Recent field-work recovered specimens and tissues (for molecular analysis) of P. pachyurus, for which no such material had previously been available. Preliminary molecular sampling using the mitochondrial gene ND4 revealed that Proctoporus s.s. as described here is a monophyletic group that includes P. pachyurus and an undescribed lineage (T. M. Doan, T. A. Castoe, &amp; Arizábal, unpubl. data).</p> <p>Based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, Doan (2003a) stated that, due to the lack of monophyly of the P. pachyurus group, the character of an undivided palpebral disc should not be considered a synapomorphy and was likely a pleisiomorphic character. In contrast to that study, molecular evidence strongly supports the monophyly of this group and we believe that the undivided palpebral disc is a valid synapomorphy for the genus Proctoporus s.s., despite the fact that a single specimen of P. bolivianus (AMNH R-150695) was found with a divided palpebral disc (Wiens &amp; Servedio, 2000).</p> <p>Although Tschudi (1845) did not provide an etymology for the name Proctoporus, the name presumably refers to the preanal pores that he reports for the type species P. pachyurus. However, neither the type species, nor any other members of the genus Proctoporus s.s. have preanal pores (Uzzell, 1973; pers. obs.). Thus, the name erroneously describes a character that these species do not possess.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8368791084AFFFAFEC074B3FC6BB03A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B83687910845FFF5FDBA70B1FD29B12D.text	B83687910845FFF5FDBA70B1FD29B12D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Riama (Kohler & Lehr 2005) Gray 2005	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RIAMA GRAY</p> <p>1a. Limbs overlapping when adpressed against body.....................................................2</p> <p>1b. Limbs not overlapping when adpressed............................................................10</p> <p>2a. Hexagonal dorsal scales.........................................................................3</p> <p>2b. Quadrangular dorsal scales.......................................................................4</p> <p>3a. Dorsal scales obtusely hexagonal, preanal pores in males 2................................... R. achlyens</p> <p>3b. Dorsal scales acutely hexagonal, preanal pores in males 4–6................................... R. shrevei</p> <p>4a Keeled, striated, or rugose dorsal scales............................................................5</p> <p>4b Smooth dorsal scales..................................................................... R. laevis</p> <p>5a. Lateral scale rows 0–6...........................................................................6</p> <p>5b. Lateral scale rows 7–12..........................................................................9</p> <p>6a. Transverse rows of dorsal scales 25–35.............................................................7</p> <p>6b. Transverse rows of dorsal scales 39–43................................................... R. balneator</p> <p>7a. Lateral scale rows 2–6...........................................................................8</p> <p>7b. Lateral scale rows 0–1.................................................................... R. striata</p> <p>8a. Rugose dorsal scales...................................................................... R. vieta</p> <p>8b. Keeled or striated dorsal scales......................................................... R. hyposticta</p> <p>9a. Femoral pores on one leg 0–6............................................................. R. oculata</p> <p>9b. Femoral pores on one leg 9–14........................................................... R. luctuosa</p> <p>10a. Venter immaculate except near lateral surfaces.....................................................11</p> <p>10a. Ventral scales with dark pigmentation............................................................12</p> <p>11a. Preanal pores present in both sexes........................................................ R. inanis</p> <p>11b. Preanal pores absent.................................................................. R. vespertina</p> <p>12a. Keeled, striated, or rugose dorsal scales...........................................................13</p> <p>12b. Smooth dorsal scales.................................................................. R. meleagris</p> <p>13a. Keeled or striated dorsal scales, dorsal stripes in some individuals, preanal pores present or absent, three or four supraoculars.......................................................14</p> <p>13b. Keeled dorsal scales, no dorsal stripes, preanal pores present in males and females, four supraoculars............................................................ R. labionis</p> <p>14a. Transverse rows of dorsal scales greater than 31...................................................15</p> <p>14b. Transverse rows of dorsals scales 27–31................................................... R. petrorum</p> <p>15a. Three or four supraoculars, lateral ocelli present or absent, lip barring variable..........................17</p> <p>15b. Three supraoculars, no lateral ocelli, no barring on lip...............................................16</p> <p>16a. Supralabial-subocular fusion absent........................................................ R. raneyi</p> <p>16b. Supralabial-subocular fusion present................................................... R. laudahnae</p> <p>17a. Superciliary series complete or incomplete, transverse rows of ventrals 19–27, anterodorsal thigh scales smooth, rugose, or striate.................................................18</p> <p>17b. Superciliary series incomplete, transverse rows of ventral scales 18–20, anterodorsal thigh scales smooth.................................................... R. colomaromani</p> <p>18a. Keeled or striated dorsal scales, longitudinal rows of dorsal scales 20–34, preanal pores present or absent, femoral pores on one leg of males 0–11................................19</p> <p>18b. Keeled dorsal scales, longitudinal rows of dorsal scales 21–22, preanal pores absent, femoral pores of males on one leg 3–5........................................... R. columbiana</p> <p>19a. Keeled or striate dorsal scales, subdigital lamellae on fourth toe 10–18, superciliary series complete or incomplete.........................................................20</p> <p>19b. Keeled dorsal scales, subdigital lamellae on fourth toe 15–18, superciliary series complete........................................................................... R. orcesi</p> <p>20a. Transverse rows of ventral scales 19–27, hemipenis with or without small or large spines.................21</p> <p>20b. Transverse rows of ventral scales 19–20, hemipenis with small spines.......................... R. simotera</p> <p>21a. Femoral pores of males 0–10, preanal pores of males 0–4, femoral pores of females 0–9, preanal pores of females 0–4....................................................................22</p> <p>21b. Femoral pores of males 8–9, preanal pores of males 2–4, females lack femoral and preanal pores....................................................................... R. stigmatoral</p> <p>22a. Hemipenis with small or absent spines, superciliary series usually incomplete...........................23</p> <p>22b. Hemipenis with large spines, superciliary series complete................................... R. anatoloros</p> <p>23a. Preanal pores present in both sexes...................................................... R. unicolor</p> <p>23b. Preanal pores absent................................................................. R. cashcaensis</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PROCTOPORUS TSCHUDI</p> <p>1a. Two to three supraoculars........................................................................ 2</p> <p>1b. Four supraoculars...................................................................... P. pachyurus</p> <p>2a. Venter uniformly dark or with dark stippling or mottling near lateral scale rows.......................... 3</p> <p>2b. Venter clear yellow or orange without dark mottling......................................... P. guentheri</p> <p>3a. No continuous series of lateral ocelli............................................................... 4</p> <p>3b. Continuous series of lateral ocelli......................................................... P. unsaacae</p> <p>4a. Frontonasal scale longer than frontal scale................................................. P. sucullucu</p> <p>4b. Frontonasal scale equal in length to frontal scale........................................... P. bolivianus</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B83687910845FFF5FDBA70B1FD29B12D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
B83687910844FFF4FD8670B2FDC5B7AD.text	B83687910844FFF4FD8670B2FDC5B7AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proctoporus TSCHUDI	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PROCTOPORUS TSCHUDI</p> <p>1a. Two to three supraoculars........................................................................ 2</p> <p>1b. Four supraoculars...................................................................... P. pachyurus</p> <p>2a. Venter uniformly dark or with dark stippling or mottling near lateral scale rows.......................... 3</p> <p>2b. Venter clear yellow or orange without dark mottling......................................... P. guentheri</p> <p>3a. No continuous series of lateral ocelli............................................................... 4</p> <p>3b. Continuous series of lateral ocelli......................................................... P. unsaacae</p> <p>4a. Frontonasal scale longer than frontal scale................................................. P. sucullucu</p> <p>4b. Frontonasal scale equal in length to frontal scale........................................... P. bolivianus</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B83687910844FFF4FD8670B2FDC5B7AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Doan, Tiffany M.;Castoe, Todd A.	Doan, Tiffany M., Castoe, Todd A. (2005): Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3): 405-416, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00145.x
