taxonID	type	description	language	source
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 A – E, 3 I – P)	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Sítio da Colônia, Mulungu, near Araçoiaba da Serra, São Paulo State, Brazil. Approximate GPS coordinates: 23 ∞ 32 ¢ 2 ≤ S, 47 ∞ 39 ¢ 41.1 ≤ W. Muddy patches in a dry streamlet in a rain forest remnant. The mud was moist at the time of collecting; during wet season standing or running water might be present. Material collected on 15.08.2001 by CEFR and RLP. Type material Holotype: an ovigerous, dissected female, with valves stored dry in a micropalaeontological slide and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 15041). Paratypes: an ovigerous female dissected and stored like the holotype (MZUSP 15043); 2 ovigerous, dissected females, with valves used for SEM and stored in micropalaeontological slides, and dissected soft parts kept in sealed slides (MZUSP 15042, MZUSP 15044); 3 carapaces used for SEM and stored in micropalaeontological slides (MZUSP 15045, MZUSP 15046, MZUSP 15047); 4 ovigerous females kept in toto in ETOH (MZUSP 15048).	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	etymology	Botocudos is the designation of several South American Indian tribes that use a device to enlarge the lower lip. The present species is characterized by the fact that the LV forms an enlarged anterior ‘ lip’, greatly overlapping the RV.	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	diagnosis	Abbreviated diagnosis Valves elongated (L / H = c. 2.1), with straight parts of dorsal margin slightly sloping towards the front; anterior overlap LV> RV unusually pronounced and typical; ms relatively large; keel on RV short and rounded and positioned rather posteriorly; third segment of A 1 with ventro-apical seta. First endopodal segment of A 2 with 2 apical setae; seta z on penultimate segment claw-like. Md-palp with seta x longer than w.	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	description	Description Cp (Fig. 3 I- P) with whitish, smooth surface covered with long, widely spaced setae; elongated, in lateral view, with straight parts of dorsal (c. 30 % of total length) and ventral (c. 55 %) margins subparallel, dorsal margin slightly sloping. LV overlapping RV along anterior, ventral and posterior margins; anterior overlap very pronounced, LV extending significantly beyond RV. Both valves asymmetrical in dorsal and ventral views, widest in the posterior quarter of the carapace, LV bulging over RV on the posterior side, anteriorly extending significantly beyond RV; central part with a weak constriction. Ventral margin in ventral view strongly sinuous; keel short and rounded, effectively blocking LV in tightly closed carapaces. LV in lateral (internal) view with caudal margin nearly evenly rounded, slightly everted towards the dorsal side, anterior margin everted towards the ventral side; anterior internal tooth short and small, situated c. 15 % of total length from the anterior margin; ms large, positioned nearer the anterior side and consisting of c. 8 scars arranged in a rosette; mandibular scar rounded. RV in lateral (internal) view with caudal margin asymmetrically twisted, ventrally everted towards the median rather than dorsal side, anterior margin everted towards the ventral side; postero-ventral keel short and rounded, situated rather posteriorly, ms large, situated nearer the anterior side, consisting of c. 8 scars arranged in a rosette. Both valves with an internal rim along the anterior margin (= calcified inner margin?); in LV this rim seals the closure of the carapace when overlapping the RV. A 1 (Fig. 1 A). First segment stout with dorsal seta, the second with 2 unequal ventral setae (one c. 2.5 times as long as the other); third segment with 1 ventral and 1 dorsal setae (s 1); fourth segment with 1 dorsal seta (s 2) and small alpha-seta; fifth podomere bearing 4 apical setae, 2 subequal, ventral setae (with an alpha-seta near their insertion) and 2 longer ones in dorsal position; last podomere with subapical aesthetasc, 2 long apical setae, the ventral seta about half as long as the dorsal, and a dorso-apical ‘ alpha’ seta. A 2 (Fig. 1 B). Protopodite two-segmented, first segment with 2 setae and dorsal hook (h), second segment with long seta. Exopodite (exo) with long, apical seta and short, lateral conical spine. Endopodite three-segmented; first podomere with ventral aesthetasc clump (Ac) in proximal position and 2 setae on the expanded ventro-apical corner; second podomere with 2 ventral aesthetascs (y 1 and y 2) and short, claw-like ventro-apical seta (t), subapical seta (z) and 4 distal claws: 2 long, 1 intermediate and 1 short (x); third endopodite short and slender, with one ventral aesthetasc (y 3) and 2 apical claws, one short and about half the length of the second one, the latter reaching beyond the tips of the long claws of the penultimate segment. Md with palp (Fig. 1 C) three-segmented, consisting of basis and two-segmented endopodite; basis typical of Darwinulidae, i. e. set with branchial plate and fan of large setae (possibly used in filter-feeding – not illustrated). First podomere of endopodite distally widened, medial seta x about 1.5 times as long as the external, subapical seta (w); two internal setae present: y very short, z very long, reaching halfway the apical claws on the terminal segment; this podomere narrow, with 5 apically hirsute, unequal claws (3 long, 1 intermediate, 1 short), 1 short internal seta (c), and a subapical external seta (b). Mx (not illustrated). Palp two-segmented; proximal segment with an external, subapical seta, 3 terminal setae (2 straight and 1 curved, the latter shorter and plumose), and 2 short setae inserted on either side of the terminal segment; terminal segment small, with 1 thin median seta and 2 subequal, stout setae set with a double row of setulae. T 1 (not illustrated). Protopodite with branchial plate, 2 isolated, unequal setae close to the articulation with the endopodite. Three-jointed endopodite; first segment with 2 subapical setae; second segment with 1 subapical seta; third segment smaller, with 2 lateral, subequal setae and a strong terminal claw. T 2 (not illustrated). Protopodite one-segmented, rather stout, with 3 ventral setae, 1 short proximal and 2 long, unequal distal ones. Endopodite four-segmented; first segment with 2 unequal ventro-apical setae and 1 long seta, slightly exceeding the tip of the next segment; second and third segment with 1 stout ventro-apical seta each; terminal segment short, with 1 strong apical claw, flanked by 2 subapical claws, the ventral longer than the dorsal one. T 3 (not illustrated). Protopodite one-segmented, short, with 2 unequal ventro-apical setae. Endopodite four-jointed; first segment with 1 distal seta approximately as long as the segment itself; second and third segments bearing 1 apical seta each, reaching beyond the tip of the next segment; fourth segment with a long, curved apical claw and 2 subapical setae, the ventral longer than the dorsal one. Caudal rami consisting of a slender base, a shorter proximal and a longer apical seta. Postabdomen elongated, lobed and twisted, and bearing a long subapical seta (Fig. 1 D, E). Measurements L = 540 – 560 Mm; H = 250 – 260 Mm (n = 3)	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution Thus far, the species is known from its type locality only, where it occurs on patches of moist mud in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil.	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684A484F309682F8FC8BF8D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis This species is at once recognizable by its unique combination of valve and soft part characters, namely short anterior tooth on the LV and the short keel on the RV, typical of the pagliolii - lineage, and the postabdomen with seta, thus far only found in a representative of the danielopoli - lineage. The large anterior LV> RV overlap is unique amongst extant Darwinulidae.	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
0399879D684F484B316E8494FD5DFDC1.taxon	description	(FIGS 2 A – D, 3 A – H) Type locality Tamoios Road, near Paraibuna, São Paulo State, Brazil. Approximate GPS coordinates: 23 ∞ 31 ¢ 9.6 ≤ S, 45 ∞ 32 ¢ 21 ≤ W. In small patches of water and amongst leaves and mosses on a concrete surface; water film flowing from rocky wall of this artificial habitat. All material collected on 19.11.1999 by CEFR and JWR. Type material Holotype: an ovigerous, dissected female, with valves stored dry in a micropalaeontological slide and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 15049). Paratypes: 2 ovigerous females dissected and stored like the holotype (MZUSP 15050, MZUSP 15051); 1 ovigerous, dissected female, with valves used for SEM and stored in a micropalaeontological slide and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 15052); 3 carapaces used for SEM and stored in micropalaeontological slides (MZUSP 15053, MZUSP 15054, MZUSP 15055); 12 females kept in toto in ETOH (MZUSP 15056). Other material used for description and illustration 1 Sítio da Colonia, Mulungu, near Araçoiaba da Serra, São Paulo State, Brazil. Approximate GPS (Garmin) coordinates: 23 ∞ 32 ¢ 2 ≤ S, 47 ∞ 39 ¢ 41.1 ≤ W (= type locality of V. botocuda sp. nov.): One ovigerous female collected on 15.08.2001 by CEFR and RLP from moist mud. 2 Fazenda Iterei, Miracatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Approximate GPS (Garmin) coordinates: 24 ∞ 3 ¢ 17.8 ≤ S, 47 ∞ 13 ¢ 7.6 ≤ W. Two ovigerous females collected on 13.9.1999 CEFR and JWR from water and soil of bromeliad pouches. Derivation of name Named after Prof. Dr Irajá Damiani Pinto (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil), in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the knowledge of South American Ostracoda in general, and Darwinulidae in particular. Abbreviated diagnosis Valves elongated (L / H = 2.3), with straight parts of dorsal and ventral margins parallel; ms relatively large; keel on RV short and rounded and rather anteriorly placed; third segment of A 1 with ventroapical seta; first endopodal segment of A 2 with 2 apical setae and Md-palp with seta x almost twice as long as seta w. Description Carapace (Fig. 3 A- H) elongated, in lateral view with straight parts of dorsal (c. 40 % of total length) and ventral (c. 55 %) margins parallel. LV overlapping RV along anterior, ventral and posterior margins; anterior overlap clear. Both valves asymmetrical in dorsal and ventral views, widest in the posterior quarter of the carapace, posterior side with LV bulging over RV, anterior bluntly beak-like, central part with a weak constriction. Ventral margin in ventral view strongly sinuous; keel short and rounded. LV in lateral (internal) view with caudal margin evenly rounded, anterior margin asymmetrically produced towards the ventral side; anterior internal tooth short and small, situated c. 1 / 5 of total length from the anterior margin; ms large, situated nearer the anterior side and consisting of 8 scars arranged in a neat rosette, 3 anterior and 3 posterior, 1 dorsal and 1 ventral scar; mandibular scar rounded. RV in lateral (internal) view with caudal margin asymmetrically twisted (not visible on illustrations), ventrally everted towards the median rather than the dorsal side, anterior margin everted towards the ventral side; postero-ventral keel short and rounded, situated rather anteriorly, ms large, situated nearer the anterior side, consisting of 7 scars arranged in a rosette (dorsal scar missing). A 1 (Fig. 2 A) with 1 dorsal seta on first segment and 2 ventral setae on second segment, third segment with a dorsal and a ventral seta. A 2 (Fig. 2 B) exopodite with one long seta and one short spine; first endopodal segment of A 2 with 1 large and one shorter apical seta. Md-palp (Fig. 2 C) with seta z long, reaching beyond tip of apical segment; seta y short; seta x about twice as long as seta w; apical segment with 3 long claws, one shorter and one very short near seta c. Caudal rami consisting of a slender base and an apical seta, both about equally long. Postabdomen elongated, lobed and twisted, without seta (Fig. 2 D). Other appendages typical of the genus. Measurements L = 450 – 465 Mm; H = 195 – 200 Mm (n = 3) Ecology and distribution The species has been found in small patches of water and amongst leaves and mosses from a permanently wet grassy exposed area in its type locality. The species was relatively more abundant (about 40 individuals) in a film of water running over a rocky outcrop. Isolated specimens were also found from the same habitat as the preceding species (moist mud patches), as well as from mud and water from bromeliad pouches. Differential diagnosis Vestalenula irajai sp. nov. is most closely related to V. pagliolii, the soft part morphology of both species being nearly identical. The valves of V. irajai, however, are significantly more elongated with nearly straight dorsal and ventral margins which furthermore run parallel to each other. Anterior overlap in V. irajai is clear but less pronounced than in V. botocuda.	en	Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F., Martens, K. (2003): On two new species of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from semiterrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 305-313, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00070.x
