taxonID	type	description	language	source
038287AEC1401749FF7F59B30C060B7A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Cyclostrema bastowi Gatliff, 1906, by monotypy, Recent, Victoria, southeast Australia.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC1401749FF7F5E7F0B69082C.taxon	description	Figure 1 A – C	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC1401749FF7F5E7F0B69082C.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. MIMB 41133 (lot of 6 specimens), SBMNH 467055 (lot of 2 specimens), from the type locality. Type material. Holotype: LACMIP 11365; Paratypes, LACMIP 11366 – 11367. Type locality. LACMIP loc. 16655, Larch Mountain, Black Hills, Washington State, USA; Crescent Formation, middle early Eocene.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC1401749FF7F5E7F0B69082C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ An Orbitestella with an upper whorl surface crossed by narrow axial ribs, a keel-like carina on the shoulder, axial ribs in the interspace between the carina on the basal margin and the carina on the edge of the umbilicus, and a wide but deep umbilicus showing overlapping whorls in its interior. ” (Squires & Goedert 1996).	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC1401749FF7F5E7F0B69082C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shells of O. palaiopacifica were reported to be up to 0.3 mm high with a diameter of 0.53 mm by Squires & Goedert (1996); a new specimen (MIMB 41133 – 2; Fig. 1 B) is now the largest known specimen with a diameter of 0.9 mm. New specimens of O. palaiopacifica show that the axial ribs cross the prominent keel-like carina on the shoulder, and spiral threads are present on most surfaces, including the apical and basal carinae. Squires & Goedert (1996) stated that the protoconch of O. palaiopacifica was apparently smooth, but we think this is due to poor preservation of the protoconch. The protoconch surface of the newly available specimens appears also to be corroded. Orbitestella palaiopacifica is still known only from two localities of the Crescent Formation in the Black Hills southwest of Olympia, Washington.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC141174EFF7F5E610B3F0EC6.taxon	description	Figure 2 A – F Zoobank LSID. urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 792 FEA 1 - 5 E 06 - 4365 - AC 4 C- 639558 F 1 DFB 5	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC141174EFF7F5E610B3F0EC6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: MIMB 41134; Paratypes: MIMB 41135 (11 specimens), NRM PAL Mo 193050 – 193053 (4 specimens), SBMNH 467093 (1 specimen), UWBM IP 114130 – 114135 (6 specimens); all from type locality. Type locality. LACMIP locality 41621; Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA; latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene, 33.5 – 34.7 Ma (latest Priabonian or earliest Rupelian; Prothero & Burns 2001).	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC141174EFF7F5E610B3F0EC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Steffen Kiel (NRM) in recognition of his many contributions to molluscan paleontology.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC141174EFF7F5E610B3F0EC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Orbitestella with flattened spire and sunken apex, nucleus of protoconch with net-like ornamentation, faint axial riblets between low axial ribs on apical surface, broad and smooth upper carina, faint spiral threads more pronounced on apical surface near the periphery.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC141174EFF7F5E610B3F0EC6.taxon	description	Description. Shell small for genus, depressed, with a flat spire; maximum shell diameter 0.63 – 0.93 mm; dimensions of the holotype 0.33 mm height × 0.93 mm diameter. Protoconch approximately 1.5 whorls, 0.08 mm in maximal diameter, nucleus with net-like ornamentation, visible in both apical and basal view. Teleoconch approximately 1.5 – 1.8 whorls, with radial ribs prominent only on the inner portion of each whorl, becoming obsolete on periphery so that the distinct cord on the basal, outer part of each whorl is smooth, lacking nodes; subapical margin of each whorl slightly wider that the subbasal margin, also delineated by a strong cord without nodes, radial ribs present but not prominent. Umbilicus broad and wide, second whorl of teleoconch partly covers first whorl. Apical surface of whorls smooth low arch to shoulder. Aperture polygonal. Comparisons. Orbitestella kieli sp. nov. is similar to O. palaiopacifica with the nucleus of the protoconch clearly visible in both the basal and, to a lesser extent, apical view. Orbitestella kieli differs in lacking a distinct keellike border to the apical periphery of the whorls and lacks nodes on the basal periphery of the whorls. Orbitestella kieli also has only fine spiral lirae, except near the periphery in apical view where faint spiral threads produce a wrinkled texture on the last whorl of mature specimens (Figs. 2 A, F). More pronounced spiral threads are visible on the shell of O. palaiopacifica, including on the keel-like upper carina as well as the basal carina (e. g., Figs. 1 B – C), and O. palaiopacifica has a more domed or humped apical surface of the whorls than O. kieli. Radial ribs are prominent on both the apical and basal surface of the shell of O. palaiopacifica and in most specimens, even extend to and are present on the apical carina, whereas in O. kieli they fade toward the periphery, especially on the basal surface, to smooth completely as they reach the periphery, and those of O. kieli are not prominent on the apical surface, although they are clearly present. Compared with O. palaiopacifica, the flattened basal surface of the whorls is slightly wider in O. kieli, with a distinct cord marking the outer border. The only other fossil orbitestellid from western North America, O. dioi Hybertsen & Kiel, 2018, from a hydrocarbon seep deposit in the Eocene deep water Humptulips Formation, differs in having more prominent spiral ornamentation, a rounded whorl profile, and an elevated spire. A single living species, O. diegensis (Bartsch, 1907), inhabits the Pacific Coast of North America southward from central California. Orbitestella diegensis differs greatly from all the fossil species from Washington in having whorls with a strong peripheral keel and differs from both O. palaiopacifica and O. kieli in having a more domed apical surface of the whorls, with deeply incised apical suture. According to Bartsch (1907: 172, figs. 7 a – b) and Myers (1979: fig. 1) the base of the whorls of O. diegensis are rounded, whereas in O. palaiopacifica and O. kieli they are flattened.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC141174EFF7F5E610B3F0EC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Orbitestella kieli is the third fossil species of the genus Orbitestella and family Orbitestellidae reported from western North America.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC147174EFF7F58630DEF0D8A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Homalogyra fischeriana Monterosato, 1869, by monotypy, Recent, Atlantic Ocean.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC147174DFF7F593508CD0D0A.taxon	description	Figure 3 A – E	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC147174DFF7F593508CD0D0A.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. MIMB 41136 (lot of 3 specimens), and one specimen, SBMNH 467057, all from the type locality. One additional specimen, SBMNH 467058, from LACMIP loc. 16940 [Crescent / McIntosh Formation transition zone of Squires & Goedert (1995)] is herein tentatively identified as A. benhami. Type material. Holotype: LACMIP 11368; Paratypes: LACMIP 11369 – 11371. Type locality. LACMIP loc. 16655, Larch Mountain, Black Hills, Washington State, USA; Crescent Formation, middle early Eocene. Emended diagnosis. Ammonicera with protoconch sculptured by two spiral cords (prominent central and low outer) separated by a spiral groove; teleoconch with one wide subperipheral groove and low subperipheral cord on both apical and basal surfaces, and prominent nodelike axial ribs.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC147174DFF7F593508CD0D0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The size range of A. benhami is 0.4 to 0.59 mm in diameter (Squires & Goedert 1996); specimen MIMB 41136 – 1 (Fig. 3 A) has a diameter of 0.50 mm. Ammonicera benhami is only known from three localities, two in the Black Hills southwest of Olympia, Washington, and now tentatively from a single locality (weathered and no longer accessible) in the Doty Hills, Lewis County, Washington. The two localities in the Black Hills represent deposition between basalt boulders within the tidal zone (Squires & Goedert 1994, 1996) whereas the Doty Hills localities may represent shallow water taxa transported a short distance into deeper waters off volcanic islands (Squires & Goedert 1995).	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC144174DFF7F58AF09F00848.taxon	description	Figure 4 A – G Zoobank LSID. urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 8194 CEF 8 - 2 A 15 - 4395 - 840 C-EF 54 CB 284 C 35	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC144174DFF7F58AF09F00848.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: MIMB 41137; Paratypes: MIMB 41138 (lot of 4 specimens), SBMNH 467094 (lot of 2 specimens), all from type locality. Type locality. LACMIP locality 41621; Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA; latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene, 33.5 – 34.7 Ma (latest Priabonian or earliest Rupelian; Prothero & Burns 2001).	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC144174DFF7F58AF09F00848.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Emilio Rolán (University of Santiago de Compostela) for his contributions to the study of micromollusks.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC144174DFF7F58AF09F00848.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ammonicera with protoconch sculptured by two spiral cords (prominent central and low outer), separated by a broad spiral groove possessing a wrinkled texture, teleoconch with one subperipheral groove on both apical and basal surface, low node-like axial ribs, fine spiral lirae.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC144174DFF7F58AF09F00848.taxon	description	Description. Shell planispiral, tightly coiled, maximum shell diameter 0.51 – 0.59 mm. In holotype, protoconch with approximately 0.8 whorl, 0.12 mm in maximal diameter, two conspicuous scars (between protoconch and transition zone, and between transition zone and teleoconch — for terms see Oliver & Rolán 2015) present; in one paratype (MIMB 41138 – 1) protoconch approximately 1.0 whorl, scar between protoconch and transition zone poorly marked (Fig. 4 D); in other paratypes scar between protoconch and transition zone not detected (Fig. 4 G). Protoconch sculptured with two spiral cords and one broad spiral groove between these cords; central cord positioned mid-whorl, broad and prominent; low and narrow outer spiral cord located closer to inner margin of outer suture than to central cord; broad groove between cord has wrinkled sculpture in better preserved shells. Surface of the protoconch finely pitted; very small pits form fine spiral sculpture of both protoconch and protoconch-teleoconch transition zone. Teleoconch of 1.1 – 1.75 whorls, with one subperipheral groove on apical and basal surfaces. Apical and basal surfaces additionally sculptured by nodelike axial ribs, 18 – 22 ribs per whorl, with interspaces c. 1 – 1.5 times their width. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch composed of numerous very fine lirae (Fig. 4 E). Aperture round. Comparisons. Ammonicera rolani sp. nov. appears to be closely related to A. benhami; both species possess similar protoconch sculpture, but the new species can be distinguished from A. benhami by the absence of subperipheral spiral cords and hence more evenly rounded whorls with less prominent nodes on the teleoconch.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC144174DFF7F58AF09F00848.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ammonicera rolani is the second Paleogene species of the genus Ammonicera from western North America.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC14A1742FF7F5A8A0C2C0CC0.taxon	description	Figure 5 A – F Zoobank LSID. urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 566 B 2 F 63 - DD 2 C- 4 F 23 - 89 CA- 33 A 9148380 A 0	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC14A1742FF7F5A8A0C2C0CC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. (2 specimens) Holotype: MIMB 41139; Paratype: MIMB 41140, all from type locality. Type locality. LACMIP locality 41621; Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA; latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene, 33.5 – 34.7 Ma (latest Priabonian or earliest Rupelian; Prothero & Burns 2001).	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC14A1742FF7F5A8A0C2C0CC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Daniel Geiger (SBMNH) for his contributions to the study of microgastropods.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC14A1742FF7F5A8A0C2C0CC0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ammonicera with protoconch nucleus covered by small irregular depressions, wide central cord toward the teleoconch with narrow outer spiral cord, narrow axial ribs; teleoconch with wide, smooth axial ribs and one weakly visible subperipheral groove on apical and basal surfaces.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC14A1742FF7F5A8A0C2C0CC0.taxon	description	Description. Shell planispiral, tightly coiled, maximum shell diameter 0.53 – 0.55 mm. Protoconch of approximately 1 whorl, 0.10 - 0.11 mm in maximal diameter; boundary between protoconch and teleoconch poorly marked, without scars. Nucleus of protoconch covered irregular small depressions; rest of protoconch with wide central cord positioned mid-whorl, but near teleoconch located closer to inner margin of outer suture; very narrow outer spiral cord located closer to inner margin of outer suture; apical side of protoconch with 18 – 21 very narrow axial ribs crossed by outer spiral cord and connected with outer side of central cord; axial ribs have more irregular form and position on basal side of protoconch. Teleoconch approximately 1.6 – 1.7 whorls, with one weakly visible subperipheral groove on apical and basal surfaces, without spiral cords. Apical and basal surfaces sculptured by wide and smooth axial ribs, 18 – 20 ribs per whorl, with interspaces c. 0.8 – 1.2 times their width. Aperture round. Comparisons. Ammonicera danieli sp. nov. is similar to A. japonica sensu Sleurs, 1985 described from Papua New Guinea (Sleurs 1985). Both species have a protoconch with numerous axial ribs, but these ribs are crossed by one spiral cord in A. danieli and two spiral cords in A. japonica sensu Sleurs. It should be noted that A. japonica sensu Sleurs is not conspecific with A. japonica Habe, 1972 from Japan and Korea (see Waki et al. 2016).	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
038287AEC14A1742FF7F5A8A0C2C0CC0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ammonicera danieli is the third Paleogene species of the genus Ammonicera recorded from western North America. Together, Ammonicera benhami, A. rolani, and A. danieli are, so far, the only fossil record of the genus for the North Pacific Ocean. These fossils indicate species of Ammonicera have inhabited the eastern North Pacific Ocean since at least since middle Early Eocene time, approximately 50 Ma, and possibly longer.	en	Chernyshev, Alexei V., Goedert, James L. (2021): New species of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene microgastropods (Heterobranchia Orbitestellidae and Omalogyridae) from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County, Washington State, USA. Zootaxa 4981 (3): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.3
