taxonID	type	description	language	source
C430A644CB05FFEE5096137BC97DFD3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species of the T. grahami group can be easily recognized by the combination of following characters: the alive body mainly green with broad black maculae on dorsum of head and thorax, the pterostigma entirely green, and the supraantennal tubercles strongly elevated and abruptly cut off from the frontal walls. General description. Body mainly green in alive but brownish yellow in dried specimens, dorsum of head and of thorax with broad black maculae, mesepisternum usually with narrow black stripe; legs green with black stripe; pterostigma yellowish green; antenna filiform, not longer than length of head and thorax, flagellum entirely black, third antennomere clearly longer than forth antennomere, subapical antennomeres indistinctly dilated; clypeus broader than shortest distance between eyes, anterior margin shallowly incised; malar space not longer than diameter of lateral ocellus; supraantennal tubercles strongly elevated, not shorter than length of frons, dorsum round, posterior end sharply cut off from frontal walls; frontal walls low and obtuse; postocellar area transverse; occipital carina complete and sharp, ventral fold absent; mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without carina; mesepisternum roundly and weakly elevated, without peak, ventral thorn absent; anal cell in hind wing sessile; ovipositor sheath not shorter than length of front tibia; dorsum of head and thorax weakly microsculptured, without distinct puncture, less shiny; lancet long and narrow, distinctly sclerotized; penis valve sclerotized in dorsal half, apical margin more or less produced, sometimes with a long process. Remarks. Species of the T. grahami group occurs only in Eastern Asia. In the Zhelochovtsev (1988) system of Tenthredo, species of the T. grahami group belongs to subgenus Olivacedo.	en	Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun, Wei, Meicai (2020): Two new species of the Tenthredo grahami group from China (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with a revised key to species. Zoological Systematics 45 (2): 118-125, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202016, URL: http://zoobank.org/30ef491f-21f8-4c42-b270-b7b3360c0a35
C430A644CB04FFEC50961682CA87FEDD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This new species is similar to T. bullifera Malaise, 1945, but differs from the latter by the body having much more black maculae, the hairs on dorsum of head much longer and apically curved, the pterostigma black, and the male penis valve with a broad triangular apical process. Description. Female. Body length 12.0 – 14.0 mm (Fig. 1 A). Head and thorax black, following parts yellowish green in alive: palpi, basal 2 / 5 of mandible, labrum, clypeus except narrow basal margin, triangular supraclypeal area (Fig. 2 A), supraantennal tubercles, narrow inner orbit and connected subtriangular macula on temple, lateral stripes of postocellar area (Fig. 2 B), lower 3 / 5 of hind orbit, lower anterior lobe and lateral corner of pronotum, tegula, a V-shaped stripe on posterior of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum except narrow hind margin, mesoscutellar appendage, metascutellum (Fig. 1 A), narrow base of metapostnotum, two big maculae on mesepisternum and entire metepisternum (Fig. 2 D). Abdomen yellowish green, broad basal band of each segment black (Fig. 1 A), upper margin of basal plate black, ovipositor apical sheath brown (Fig. 2 E). Leg black, outer stripe on each coxa, anterior side of fore femur largely, narrow dorsal stripe on middle femur and apex of hind femur, middle 3 / 5 of each tibia, 1 st to 4 th tarsomeres except apex and 5 th tarsomere entirely yellow green. Hairs on head and thorax black brown, pubescence on labrum, margin of clypeus and most of tibia and tarsi light brown. Wings hyaline, apex of vein C and pterostigma black, vein C except apex and R 1 pale brown. Dorsum of head (Fig. 2 B) strongly shiny, black part with fine microsculptures, impunctate; mesonotum with fine and dense microsculpture, weakly shiny, margin of mesonotum with small punctures; mesoscutellum largely shining, posterior margin of mesoscutellum and lateral sides of mesoscutellar appendage with fine microsculpture; upper half of mesopleuron weakly microsculptured, lower half finely and densely microsculptured, punctures indistinct; metapleuron largely polished; all abdominal tergites distinctly microsculptured, weakly shiny; lateral of apical sheath weakly microsculptured, weakly shiny. Length of hairs on dorsum of head, mesonotum, mesoscutellum and mesopleuron about 2, 1, 1.5 and 1.3 times diameter of lateral ocellus, respectively, apex of hairs on dorsum of head distinctly curved. Apex of labrum round; clypeus flat and much broader than distance between eyes below, anterior margin emarginated to a depth of 0.25 times length of clypeus (Fig. 2 B); malar space 1.2 times diameter of lateral ocellus; distance between eyes below about 0.8 times longest axis of an eye; supraantennal tubercles strongly elevated, free-standing and parallel to each other, height 0.9 times its width, length about 2 times its height and 1.5 times the length of postocellar area, distance between tubercles 0.9 times its height, posterior end abruptly cut off from frontal ridges, bottom of median fovea with distinct carina; interocellar furrow deep and straight, postocellar furrow shallow; postocellar area flat, without middle carina or middle furrow, width 1.5 times its length; lateral furrows slightly curved, distinctly divergent backwards; temple in dorsal view 0.8 times length of eyes, both sides obtusely convex (Fig. 2 B); occipital carina sharp and complete, low part without fold. Antenna as long as head and thorax together, 3 rd antennomere 1.65 times length of 4 th antennomere, subapical antennomeres not dilated, 8 th antennomere twice as long as board (Fig. 2 I). Mesoscutellum obtusely elevated, slightly higher than mesonotum, without middle longitudinal and transversal carina; mesoscutellar appendage with low and short middle carina; distance between cenchri 2.7 times longest axis of a cenchrus; middle of mesepisternum weakly and subtriangularly elevated, without sharp peak or carina, ventral thorn absent. Hind tibia 0.85 times as long as tarsus, basitarsus slightly shorter than following three tarsomeres together, inner tibial spur about 0.65 times length of basitarsus, basitarsus slender, tarsal pulvillus developed, distance between basal two pulvilli 2 times length of 1 st pulvillus; claw with a small basal lobe, inner tooth shorter than outer tooth. Vein cu-a in fore wing joining cell 1 M at basal 0.33, cell 2 Rs longer than 1 Rs; hind anal cell sessile. Ovipositor sheath slightly bent ventrally, apical sheath narrow, about 2 times length of basal sheath, apical margin round (Fig. 2 E). Setae on sheath mostly straight. Lancet very narrow and long with 15 oblique serrulae, annular suture strongly oblique with indistinct annular spine band, ctenidia weakly developed (Fig. 2 C); 5 th – 7 th serrulae as Figure 2 H, each with about 14 small outer subbasal teeth, spiculella small but distinct. Male. Body length 11.0 – 12.0 mm (Fig. 1 B). Body color and structure similar to female, but sometimes mesosternum with a middle triangular green spot, malar space about 0.5 times diameter of lateral ocellus, in dorsal view temple 0.5 times as long as eyes; subgenital plate slightly longer than broad, apex narrowly truncate; gonoforcep as in Figure 2 F, harpe longer than broad, apex round; penis valve as in Figure 2 G, valviceps with a short and triangular apical lobe. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, China, Tibet, Motuo County, 24 K (29 ° 47 ′ N, 95 ° 42 ′ E; elev. 3663 m), 21 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg. Paratypes. 5 ♀ 3 ♂, Tibet, Motuo County, Lage (29 ° 34 ′ N, 94 ° 59 ′ E; elev. 3740 m), 15 June 2009, Zejian Li leg.; 6 ♀ 1 ♂, Tibet, Motuo County, Hanmi (29 ° 22 ′ N, 95 ° 7 ′ E; elev. 2180 m), 16 June 2009, Zejian Li leg.; 1 ♀, Tibet, Motuo County, 2 K (29 ° 45 ′ N, 95 ° 43 ′ E; elev. 3272 m), 17 June 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 2 ♂, Tibet, Motuo County, 2 K (29 ° 45 ′ N, 95 ° 43 ′ E; elev. 3272 m), 17 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 7 ♀ 11 ♂, Tibet, Motuo County, 24 K (29 ° 47 ′ N, 95 ° 42 ′ E; elev. 3663 m), 21 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 3 ♀ 5 ♂, Tibet, Motuo County, 24 K (29 ° 47 ′ N, 95 ° 42 ′ E; elev. 3663 m), 21 June 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 1 ♀, Tibet, Motuo County, 30 K (29 ° 45 ′ N, 95 ° 42 ′ E; elev. 3808 m), 20 June 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 1 ♀, Tibet, Motuo County, 30 K (29 ° 45 ′ N, 95 ° 42 ′ E; elev. 3808 m), 20 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg. Distribution. China (Tibet). Etymology. This new species is named after its body color as it has the richest black spots in the Tenthredo grahami group.	en	Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun, Wei, Meicai (2020): Two new species of the Tenthredo grahami group from China (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with a revised key to species. Zoological Systematics 45 (2): 118-125, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202016, URL: http://zoobank.org/30ef491f-21f8-4c42-b270-b7b3360c0a35
C430A644CB01FFEA50961495CB60FEB0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This new species is most similar to T. gulmargi Singh & Saini, 1987 from North India, but differs from the latter by the black spots on the 2 nd to 8 th abdominal tergites distinctly longer than half length of abdominal tergites, the 5 th cypsella of lancet much shorter than 5 th serrula, the male penis valve with narrow and long apical process, and the apex of parapenis almost truncate without inner process, while in T. gulmargi, the black spots on abdominal tergites about half length of the abdominal tergite, the 5 th cypsella of lancet as long as 5 th serrula, the male penis valve simple without apical process, and the apex of parapenis with a distinct inner process). Description. Female. Body length 10.5 – 11.5 mm (Fig. 1 C). Body and legs light green in alive by yellow brown in dried; following parts black: median fovea and connected broad lateral stripes of frons and postocellar area, ocellar basin, a small middle spot on postocellar area (Fig. 3 B), antenna except apex of first antennomere, a narrow transverse stripe on bottom of pronotum, a wide middle stripe on mesoscutal middle lobe, dorsum of mesoscutal lateral lobe, bottom of parapsides, basal 1 / 3 of 1 st abdominal tergite, middle strongly constricted basal bands on dorsum of 2 nd to 8 th abdominal tergites (Fig. 1 C), slightly curved vertical narrow stripe on mesepisternum (Fig. 3 D), a dorsal narrow stripe on all legs from trochanter to tarsi; most hairs on upper 2 / 5 of hind orbit and dorsum of head, thorax and abdomen black, setae on sheath brown, most hairs on lateral and ventral side of body silver. Wings hyaline, pterostigma and vein C yellow green, other venation brownish. Dorsal side of head (Fig. 3 B) with fine but clear microsculpture, weakly shiny, microsculpture within black spots more distinct; mesonotum finely but densely sculptured, lateral lobe with sparse and minute punctures; anterior slope of mesoscutellum faintly microsculptured, posterior slope and lateral of appendage shallowly and sparsely punctured; upper half of mesopleuron finely microsculptured, shiny, ventral half sparsely punctured mixed with microsculpture; abdominal tergites finely sculptured, weakly shiny; sides of apical sheath with fine microsculpture, strongly shiny. Hairs on dorsum of head straight and distinctly inclined forward, 0.8 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; length of hairs on mesonotum, mesoscutellum and mesopleuron about 0.5, 0.75 and 1 times diameter of lateral ocellus, respectively. Apex of labrum round; clypeus large and flat, distinctly broader than distance between eyes below, anterior margin narrowly and shallowly incised to a depth about 0.25 times length of clypeus, lateral lobe truncate (Fig. 3 A); malar space equal to diameter of lateral ocellus; distance between lower corners of eye 0.9 times longest axis of eye; supraantennal tubercles strongly elevated, free-standing and slightly divergent backwards, height 1.1 times its width, length about 2 times its height and as long as postocellar area, distance between posterior ends of tubercles 1.2 times its breadth, posterior end abruptly cut off from frontal ridges, bottom of median fovea without carina; interocellar furrow deep and straight, postocellar furrow deep; postocellar area hardly elevated, about 1.4 times as broad as long, without middle carina or middle furrow, lateral furrows weakly curved, distinctly divergent backward; in dorsal view length of temple 0.5 times eye length, lateral sides distinctly curved and narrowed backward (Fig. 3 B); occipital carina low but complete, lower part without fold. Antenna filiform, not compressed, about as long as head and thorax together, 3 rd antennomere 1.5 times as long as 4 th antennomere, 8 th antennomere 2.5 times as long as broad (Fig. 3 I). Mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without longitudinal carina or peak but with faint transversal ridge, mesoscutellar appendage with short longitudinal carina; distance between cenchri 2.2 times longest axis of a cenchrus; mesepisternum weakly elevated at middle, ventral thorn absent (Fig. 3 D). Hind tibia 0.8 times as long as tarsus, inner tibial spur 0.55 times as long as basitarsus; basitarsus slender, 0.8 times as long as following 3 tarsomeres together; claw with a short and obtuse basal lobe, inner tooth distinctly shorter than outer tooth. Vein cu-a in forewing joining cell 1 M at basal 0.35, cell 2 Rs distinctly longer than cell 1 Rs; hind anal cell sessile (Fig. 1 C). Lancet narrow and long with 17 serrulae (Fig. 3 C), serrulae distinctly oblique, middle serrulae each with 1 inner subbasal tooth and 11 – 13 distal subbasal teeth, annular sutures strongly oblique, annular spines bands very narrow, annular spines very short and sparse; 5 th to 7 th serrulae as in Figure 3 H. Male. Body length 8.5 – 9.5 mm (Fig. 1 D). Body color and structure similar to female but hind coxa with narrow black dorsal and ventral stripes, malar space 0.5 times diameter of lateral ocellus, distance between eyes below about 0.7 times longest axis of eye, in dorsal view head shorter and distinctly narrowed, basal lobe of claw distinct; subgenital plate 1.2 times as long as broad, apex roundly and narrowly convex; harpe longer than broad, apex of parapenis almost truncate without inner process (Fig. 3 F); penis valve broad with a long and narrow apical process (Fig. 3 G). Material examined. Holotype. ♀, China, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29 ° 55 ′ N, 103 ° 33 ′ E; elev. 2350 m), 7 July 2009, Meicai Wei leg. Paratypes. 1 ♀, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29 ° 55 ′ N, 103 ° 33 ′ E; elev. 2350 m), 7 July 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 2 ♀ 2 ♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29 ° 55 ′ N, 103 ° 33 ′ E; elev. 2350 m), 8 July 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29 ° 55 ′ N, 103 ° 33 ′ E; elev. 2350 m), 8 July 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 2 ♀ 3 ♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29 ° 55 ′ N, 103 ° 33 ′ E; elev. 2350 m), 7 July 2009, Zejian Li leg.; 1 ♀ 2 ♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Jinding (29 ° 31.37 ′ N, 103 ° 21.22 ′ E; elev. 3073 m), 20 July 2011, Junzhe Xue & Hu Ping leg.; 1 ♀, Tibet, Chaya County, G 241 (30 ° 42.59 ′ N, 97 ° 19.56 ′ E; elev. 3350 m), 24 June 2009, Zejian Li leg. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Tibet). Etymology: The specific epithet is composed of a Latin prefix mega- and maculata, referring to the abdomen with large black maculae.	en	Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun, Wei, Meicai (2020): Two new species of the Tenthredo grahami group from China (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with a revised key to species. Zoological Systematics 45 (2): 118-125, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202016, URL: http://zoobank.org/30ef491f-21f8-4c42-b270-b7b3360c0a35
