identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03886B42FFD1FF8CFEACFE0EFAE2FC4B.text	03886B42FFD1FF8CFEACFE0EFAE2FC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopsis HARV.	<div><p>KEY TO THE DIFFERENT TRICHOME TYPES ON LEAVES AND FLORAL BRACTS OF ACANTHOPSIS HARV.:</p> <p>1a. Trichomes non-glandular....................................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>1b. Trichomes glandular.............................................................................................................................. 5</p> <p>2a[1]. Trichomes relatively thin-walled with a broad lumen (&gt; ⅓ of cell diameter); uni- or multicellular; surface ornamented........................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>2b. Trichomes thick-walled with a narrow lumen (&lt;¼ of cell diameter); uni- or multicellular; surface smooth or with helical pattern............................................................................................................................ 4</p> <p>3a[2]. Trichomes unicellular................................................................................................................... Type A</p> <p>3b. Trichomes multi-cellular; nodes often slightly swollen.................................................................... Type B</p> <p>4a[2]. Trichomes unicellular..................................................................................................................... Type C</p> <p>4b. Trichomes multi-cellular; nodes distinctly swollen.......................................................................... Type D</p> <p>5a[1]. Trichomes sessile or subsessile to short (usually &lt;200 µm long); stalk, if present, 1- or 2(3)-celled.......... 6</p> <p>5b. Trichomes long (nearly always&gt; 250 µm); stalk 3-celled................................................................. Type G</p> <p>6a[5]. Trichomes sessile or subsessile; stalk, if present, 1-celled................................................................. Type E</p> <p>6b. Trichomes short; stalk 2 (or 3)-celled............................................................................................... Type F</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886B42FFD1FF8CFEACFE0EFAE2FC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Steyn, Hester M.;Van Wyk, Abraham E.	Steyn, Hester M., Van Wyk, Abraham E. (2021): Taxonomic significance of trichomes in the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae). Adansonia (3) 43 (14): 163-176, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a14
03886B42FFDFFF85FEA0FF54FAE2FB7E.text	03886B42FFDFFF85FEA0FF54FAE2FB7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopsis HARV. BASED ON A COMBINATION OF TRICHOME AND	<div><p>SIMPLIFIED KEY (FOR FULL VARIATION SEE TABLES 3 AND 4) TO THE SPECIES OF ACANTHOPSIS HARV. BASED ON A COMBINATION OF TRICHOME AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS.</p> <p>Note: for distinction between semi-dense and dense inflorescences, see Steyn &amp; Van Wyk (2017b).</p> <p>1a. Leaves with dense indumentum of appressed, anvil-shaped (asymmetrically T-shaped) trichomes (Type A2) giving plants a glaucous appearance............................................................................................ 2</p> <p>1b. Leaves with indumentum of varied trichomes but not dense, appressed, anvil-shaped trichomes (Type A2); rarely glaucous (A. erosa), but then due to Type A1 trichomes................................................... 8</p> <p>2a[1]. Plants erect, virgate shrublets (&gt; 25 cm tall) with well-developed branches and distinct internodes; leaves scattered (well-spaced) along woody stem.......................................................................................... 3</p> <p>2b. Plants cushion-shaped subshrubs (usually &lt;20 cm tall) with gnarled stems and reduced internodes; leaves tufted or in basal rosette.................................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>3a[2]. Floral bracts with central primary spine distinctly spathulate.................... A. spathularis (Nees) Schinz</p> <p>3b. Floral bracts with central primary spine not spathulate..................................................................... 4</p> <p>4a[3]. Leaf base attenuate; inflorescences clearly pedunculate; basal floral bracts with spines up to 15 mm long.................................................................... A. dregeana H.M.Steyn subsp. dregeana (also see A. erosa)</p> <p>4b. Leaf base usually auriculate; inflorescences subsessile; basal floral bracts with spines 20-25(-30) mm long............................................................................ A. dregeana H.M.Steyn subsp. longispina H.M.Steyn</p> <p>5a[2]. Leaves with non-glandular, ornamented, multi-cellular trichomes (Type B)...................................... 6</p> <p>5b. Leaves without non-glandular, ornamented, multi-cellular trichomes (Type B)................................. 7</p> <p>6a[5]. Leaf base not decurrent with spines 5-8 mm long; inflorescences pedunculate, semi-dense, 8-10 mm in diameter............................................................................................. Acanthopsis glauca (Nees) Schinz</p> <p>6b. Leaf base decurrent with spines 4-6 mm long; inflorescences sessile, dense, 12-14 mm in diameter........................................................................................................................... A. ludoviciana H.M.Steyn</p> <p>7a[5]. Leaves with spines on margins 2(-3) mm long; inflorescences dense......... A. adamanticola H.M.Steyn</p> <p>7b. Leaves with spines on margins 4-7(-8) mm long; inflorescences semi-dense....... A. insueta H.M.Steyn</p> <p>8a[1]. Leaves villose due to dominance of long, non-glandular, multi-cellular trichomes with nodes distinctly swollen (Type D).............................................................................................................................. 9</p> <p>8b. Leaves variously hairy, but not villose.............................................................................................. 10</p> <p>9a[8]. Inflorescences semi-dense, 80-120(-150) mm long................................... A. scullyi (S.Moore) Oberm.</p> <p>9b. Inflorescences dense, 25-50(-70) mm long.......................................................... A. villosa H.M.Steyn</p> <p>10a[8]. Plants erect, virgate shrublets (&gt; 25 cm tall) with well-developed branches and distinct internodes; leaves scattered (well-spaced) along woody stem........................................................................................ 11</p> <p>10b. Plants cushion-shaped subshrubs (usually &lt;20 cm tall) with gnarled stems and reduced internodes; leaves tufted or in basal rosette.................................................................................................................. 12</p> <p>11a[10]. Leaves and bracts with indumentum almost exclusively composed of non-glandular, ornamented, erect or spreading unicellular trichomes (Type A1); inflorescences semi-dense............... A. erosa H.M.Steyn</p> <p>11b. Bracts with indumentum mainly composed of long, non-glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type D) and glandular, multicellular trichomes with short stalks (Type F); inflorescences dense... A. horrida (Nees) Nees</p> <p>12a[10]. Floral bracts with glandular, multicellular trichomes with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G)...... 13</p> <p>12b. Floral bracts without glandular, multicellular trichomes with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G).... 15</p> <p>13a[12]. Trichomes glandular, multicellular with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G) dominant on floral bracts, and present on leaves......................................... A. hoffmannseggiana (Nees) C.B.Clarke (typical form)</p> <p>13b. Trichomes glandular, multicellular with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G) present (not dominant) on floral bracts, but absent on leaves............................................................................................... 14</p> <p>14a[13]. Leaf base not decurrent; inflorescences dense, 12-14 cm in diameter; floral bracts ending in 5 primary spines......................................................................................................... A. pagodiformis H.M.Steyn</p> <p>14b. Leaf base decurrent; inflorescences semi-dense, 14-16(-20) cm in diameter; floral bracts ending in 3 primary spines............................................................................ A. tetragona H.M.Steyn subsp. tetragona</p> <p>15a[12]. Leaves shiny, glabrous or almost so.................................................................................................. 16</p> <p>15b. Leaves not shiny or glabrous; variously hairy................................................................................... 17</p> <p>16a[15]. Leaf base decurrent; floral bracts with non-glandular uni- and multicellular trichomes (Types C and D) frequent to common; inflorescences dense, (8-) 10-13 mm in diameter.................. A. tuba H.M.Steyn</p> <p>16b. Leaf base not decurrent, floral bracts without non-glandular uni- and multicellular trichomes (Types C and D); inflorescences semi-dense, 12-16 mm in diameter............................... A. nitida H.M.Steyn</p> <p>17a[15]. Leaves and bracts with long, non-glandular, multi-cellular trichomes (Type D)............................... 18</p> <p>17b. Leaves and bracts without long, non-glandular, multi-cellular trichomes (Type D)......................... 21</p> <p>18a[17]. Spines on leaf base 3-5 mm long; floral bracts without short, non-glandular, unicellular trichomes (Type C)..................................................................................................... A. carduifolia (L.f.) Schinz</p> <p>18b. Spines on leaf base absent or 1-3 mm long; floral bracts with short, non-glandular, unicellular trichomes (Type C) frequent to common........................................................................................................ 19</p> <p>19a[18]. Leaves distinctly petiolate, margins dentate-spinose with spines 1-3 mm long; spines on leaf base absent; inflorescences dense, 13-15 mm in diameter............................................................. A. disperma Nees</p> <p>19b. Leaves sessile, margins coarsely dentate-spinose with spines 1-4(-7) mm long; spines on leaf base 1-3 mm long; inflorescences dense or semi-dense, 7-12 mm in diameter...................................................... 20</p> <p>20a[19]. Leaves with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) rare to occasional; inflorescence semi-dense, 70-140 mm long, 7-9 mm in diameter..................................................... A. glabra (Nees) H.M.Steyn</p> <p>20b. Leaves with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) frequent to common; inflorescence dense, 50-80 mm long, 9-12 mm in diameter.......... A. hoffmannseggiana (Nees) C.B.Clarke (Pofadder form)</p> <p>21a[17]. Leaf base decurrent; inflorescences semi-dense with floral bracts ending in 3 primary spines........................................................................................ A. tetragona H.M.Steyn subsp. pedunculata H.M.Steyn</p> <p>21b. Leaf base not decurrent; inflorescences semi-dense or dense with floral bracts ending in 5 primary spines.............................................................................................................................................. 22</p> <p>22a[21]. Leaves dentate-spinose, spines on margins 1-3 mm long, 1 mm long at base; inflorescences 10-12 mm in diameter; floral bracts with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) rare to occasional......................................................................................................................... A. dispermoides H.M.Steyn</p> <p>22b. Leaves coarsely dentate-spinose, spines 3-6 mm on margins, 3-5 mm long at base; inflorescences 8-10 mm in diameter; floral bracts with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) frequent to common............................................................................................................. A. glandulopalmata H.M.Steyn</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886B42FFDFFF85FEA0FF54FAE2FB7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Steyn, Hester M.;Van Wyk, Abraham E.	Steyn, Hester M., Van Wyk, Abraham E. (2021): Taxonomic significance of trichomes in the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae). Adansonia (3) 43 (14): 163-176, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a14
