identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03886B42FFD1FF8CFEACFE0EFAE2FC4B.text	03886B42FFD1FF8CFEACFE0EFAE2FC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopsis HARV.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> KEY TO THE DIFFERENT TRICHOME TYPES ON LEAVES AND FLORAL BRACTS OF  ACANTHOPSIS HARV. : </p>
            <p>1a. Trichomes non-glandular ....................................................................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>1b. Trichomes glandular .............................................................................................................................. 5</p>
            <p>2a[1]. Trichomes relatively thin-walled with a broad lumen (&gt; ⅓ of cell diameter); uni- or multicellular; surface ornamented ........................................................................................................................................... 3</p>
            <p>2b. Trichomes thick-walled with a narrow lumen (&lt;¼ of cell diameter); uni- or multicellular; surface smooth or with helical pattern ............................................................................................................................ 4</p>
            <p>3a[2]. Trichomes unicellular ................................................................................................................... Type A</p>
            <p>3b. Trichomes multi-cellular; nodes often slightly swollen .................................................................... Type B</p>
            <p>4a[2]. Trichomes unicellular ..................................................................................................................... Type C</p>
            <p>4b. Trichomes multi-cellular; nodes distinctly swollen .......................................................................... Type D</p>
            <p>5a[1]. Trichomes sessile or subsessile to short (usually &lt;200 µm long); stalk, if present, 1- or 2(3)-celled .......... 6</p>
            <p>5b. Trichomes long (nearly always&gt; 250 µm); stalk 3-celled................................................................. Type G</p>
            <p>6a[5]. Trichomes sessile or subsessile; stalk, if present, 1-celled ................................................................. Type E</p>
            <p>6b. Trichomes short; stalk 2 (or 3)-celled............................................................................................... Type F</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886B42FFD1FF8CFEACFE0EFAE2FC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Steyn, Hester M.;Van Wyk, Abraham E.	Steyn, Hester M., Van Wyk, Abraham E. (2021): Taxonomic significance of trichomes in the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae). Adansonia (3) 43 (14): 163-176, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a14
03886B42FFDFFF85FEA0FF54FAE2FB7E.text	03886B42FFDFFF85FEA0FF54FAE2FB7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopsis HARV.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> SIMPLIFIED KEY (FOR FULL VARIATION SEE TABLES 3 AND 4) TO THE SPECIES OF  ACANTHOPSIS HARV. BASED ON A COMBINATION OF TRICHOME AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS. </p>
            <p>Note: for distinction between semi-dense and dense inflorescences, see Steyn &amp; Van Wyk (2017b).</p>
            <p>1a. Leaves with dense indumentum of appressed, anvil-shaped (asymmetrically T-shaped) trichomes (Type A2) giving plants a glaucous appearance ............................................................................................ 2</p>
            <p> 1b. Leaves with indumentum of varied trichomes but not dense, appressed, anvil-shaped trichomes (Type A2); rarely glaucous (  A. erosa ), but then due to Type A1 trichomes ................................................... 8 </p>
            <p>2a[1]. Plants erect, virgate shrublets (&gt; 25 cm tall) with well-developed branches and distinct internodes; leaves scattered (well-spaced) along woody stem .......................................................................................... 3</p>
            <p>2b. Plants cushion-shaped subshrubs (usually &lt;20 cm tall) with gnarled stems and reduced internodes; leaves tufted or in basal rosette .................................................................................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 3a[2]. Floral bracts with central primary spine distinctly spathulate ....................  A. spathularis (Nees) Schinz</p>
            <p>3b. Floral bracts with central primary spine not spathulate ..................................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4a[3]. Leaf base attenuate; inflorescences clearly pedunculate; basal floral bracts with spines up to 15 mm long ....................................................................  A. dregeana H.M.Steyn subsp. dregeana (also see  A. erosa ) </p>
            <p> 4b. Leaf base usually auriculate; inflorescences subsessile; basal floral bracts with spines 20-25(-30) mm long ............................................................................  A. dregeana H.M.Steyn subsp. longispina H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p>5a[2]. Leaves with non-glandular, ornamented, multi-cellular trichomes (Type B) ...................................... 6</p>
            <p>5b. Leaves without non-glandular, ornamented, multi-cellular trichomes (Type B) ................................. 7</p>
            <p> 6a[5]. Leaf base not decurrent with spines 5-8 mm long; inflorescences pedunculate, semi-dense, 8-10 mm in diameter .............................................................................................  Acanthopsis glauca (Nees) Schinz</p>
            <p> 6b. Leaf base decurrent with spines 4-6 mm long; inflorescences sessile, dense, 12-14 mm in diameter....... ....................................................................................................................  A. ludoviciana H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 7a[5]. Leaves with spines on margins 2(-3) mm long; inflorescences dense .........  A. adamanticola H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 7b. Leaves with spines on margins 4-7(-8) mm long; inflorescences semi-dense .......  A. insueta H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p>8a[1]. Leaves villose due to dominance of long, non-glandular, multi-cellular trichomes with nodes distinctly swollen (Type D) .............................................................................................................................. 9</p>
            <p>8b. Leaves variously hairy, but not villose .............................................................................................. 10</p>
            <p> 9a[8]. Inflorescences semi-dense, 80-120(-150) mm long ...................................  A. scullyi (S.Moore) Oberm.</p>
            <p> 9b. Inflorescences dense, 25-50(-70) mm long ..........................................................  A. villosa H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p>10a[8]. Plants erect, virgate shrublets (&gt; 25 cm tall) with well-developed branches and distinct internodes; leaves scattered (well-spaced) along woody stem ........................................................................................ 11</p>
            <p>10b. Plants cushion-shaped subshrubs (usually &lt;20 cm tall) with gnarled stems and reduced internodes; leaves tufted or in basal rosette .................................................................................................................. 12</p>
            <p> 11a[10]. Leaves and bracts with indumentum almost exclusively composed of non-glandular, ornamented, erect or spreading unicellular trichomes (Type A1); inflorescences semi-dense ...............  A. erosa H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 11b. Bracts with indumentum mainly composed of long, non-glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type D) and glandular, multicellular trichomes with short stalks (Type F); inflorescences dense...  A. horrida (Nees) Nees</p>
            <p>12a[10]. Floral bracts with glandular, multicellular trichomes with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G) ...... 13</p>
            <p>12b. Floral bracts without glandular, multicellular trichomes with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G) .... 15</p>
            <p> 13a[12]. Trichomes glandular, multicellular with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G) dominant on floral bracts, and present on leaves .........................................  A. hoffmannseggiana (Nees) C.B.Clarke (typical form) </p>
            <p>13b. Trichomes glandular, multicellular with 3-celled stalk and viscid head (Type G) present (not dominant) on floral bracts, but absent on leaves ............................................................................................... 14</p>
            <p> 14a[13]. Leaf base not decurrent; inflorescences dense, 12-14 cm in diameter; floral bracts ending in 5 primary spines .........................................................................................................  A. pagodiformis H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 14b. Leaf base decurrent; inflorescences semi-dense, 14-16(-20) cm in diameter; floral bracts ending in 3 primary spines ............................................................................  A. tetragona H.M.Steyn subsp. tetragona</p>
            <p>15a[12]. Leaves shiny, glabrous or almost so .................................................................................................. 16</p>
            <p>15b. Leaves not shiny or glabrous; variously hairy ................................................................................... 17</p>
            <p> 16a[15]. Leaf base decurrent; floral bracts with non-glandular uni- and multicellular trichomes (Types C and D) frequent to common; inflorescences dense, (8-) 10-13 mm in diameter ..................  A. tuba H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 16b. Leaf base not decurrent, floral bracts without non-glandular uni- and multicellular trichomes (Types C and D); inflorescences semi-dense, 12-16 mm in diameter ...............................  A. nitida H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p>17a[15]. Leaves and bracts with long, non-glandular, multi-cellular trichomes (Type D) ............................... 18</p>
            <p>17b. Leaves and bracts without long, non-glandular, multi-cellular trichomes (Type D) ......................... 21</p>
            <p> 18a[17]. Spines on leaf base 3-5 mm long; floral bracts without short, non-glandular, unicellular trichomes (Type C) .....................................................................................................  A. carduifolia (L.f.) Schinz</p>
            <p>18b. Spines on leaf base absent or 1-3 mm long; floral bracts with short, non-glandular, unicellular trichomes (Type C) frequent to common ........................................................................................................ 19</p>
            <p> 19a[18]. Leaves distinctly petiolate, margins dentate-spinose with spines 1-3 mm long; spines on leaf base absent; inflorescences dense, 13-15 mm in diameter .............................................................  A. disperma Nees</p>
            <p>19b. Leaves sessile, margins coarsely dentate-spinose with spines 1-4(-7) mm long; spines on leaf base 1-3 mm long; inflorescences dense or semi-dense, 7-12 mm in diameter ...................................................... 20</p>
            <p> 20a[19]. Leaves with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) rare to occasional; inflorescence semi-dense, 70-140 mm long, 7-9 mm in diameter .....................................................  A. glabra (Nees) H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 20b. Leaves with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) frequent to common; inflorescence dense, 50-80 mm long, 9-12 mm in diameter ..........  A. hoffmannseggiana (Nees) C.B.Clarke (Pofadder form) </p>
            <p> 21a[17]. Leaf base decurrent; inflorescences semi-dense with floral bracts ending in 3 primary spines ................ ........................................................................  A. tetragona H.M.Steyn subsp. pedunculata H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p>21b. Leaf base not decurrent; inflorescences semi-dense or dense with floral bracts ending in 5 primary spines .............................................................................................................................................. 22</p>
            <p> 22a[21]. Leaves dentate-spinose, spines on margins 1-3 mm long, 1 mm long at base; inflorescences 10-12 mm in diameter; floral bracts with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) rare to occasional ...... ...................................................................................................................  A. dispermoides H.M.Steyn</p>
            <p> 22b. Leaves coarsely dentate-spinose, spines 3-6 mm on margins, 3-5 mm long at base; inflorescences 8-10 mm in diameter; floral bracts with short, glandular, multicellular trichomes (Type F) frequent to common .............................................................................................................  A. glandulopalmata H.M.Steyn</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886B42FFDFFF85FEA0FF54FAE2FB7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Steyn, Hester M.;Van Wyk, Abraham E.	Steyn, Hester M., Van Wyk, Abraham E. (2021): Taxonomic significance of trichomes in the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae). Adansonia (3) 43 (14): 163-176, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a14
