identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
252BDE551668FFC9D285FF5DFBD1DDA3.text	252BDE551668FFC9D285FF5DFBD1DDA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gracilentulus macrotarsus Nakamura 2021	<div><p>Gracilentulus macrotarsus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 1–3, Table 1</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype: one female (NSMT-Ap 556), Nishi Park, Chûô-ku, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.3746&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.3746/lat 33.5981)">Fukuoka-shi</a>, Fukuoka Prefecture, evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, 33.5981º N, 130.3746º E, elev. 5 m, 18-VII-2005, T. Kubota leg.</p> <p>Paratypes: two preimagines (male) (NSMT-Ap 557–558), same data as for the holotype.</p> <p>Other materials examined: one maturus junior (NSMT-Ap 559), same data as for the holotype.</p> <p>All specimens including holotype (NSMT-Ap 556) and paratypes (NSMT-Ap 557–558) are deposited in NSMT.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Foretarsal sensilla c and d same level with t2, c closer to d, a’ distal to t1; P1a and P2a on thoracic tergites II–III small lanceolate; P3 on abdominal tergite VI same row with other posterior setae; P3a present on abdominal tergites VI–VII; seta P1a present on tergite VI.</p> <p>Description. Body length 949 μm. Head length 123 μm, width 90 μm; labrum short, 5 μm, LR = 27; cephalic setae l3, l5, sd4, sd5 short setiform, 5 μm; seta d6 present; seta sd7 1.3 times longer than d7 (Fig. 1A). Maxillary palpus with two sensilla on penultimate segment, dorsal and ventral sensilla similar in shape and length (Fig. 1B). Labial palpus reduced to three setae and one sensillum (Fig. 1C). Canal of maxillary gland simple, proximal part short, CF = 8 (Fig. 1D). Pseudoculus slightly broader than long, 7 μm x 9 μm, PR = 16 (Fig. 1E). Pore fp present (Fig. 1A).</p> <p>Foretarsus (Figs. 2A–C) 109 μm long; claw 30 μm, TR = 3.6; empodium 3 μm, EU = 0.1. Dorsal sensillum t1 claviform, almost level with α3, BS = 0.4; t2 thin, longer than c and d; t3 small knob-like, its apex not pointed. Exterior sensillum a surpassing base of d; b longer than c and d; c and d close to each other, subequal in length, situated at same level with t2; e situated about halfway between γ3 and α5, its apex surpassing base of α7; f at about halfway between e and g, its apex reaching base of γ5; g at same level with t3, its apex reaching base of claw. Interior sensillum a' broad, distal to t1; b' absent; c' not surpassing tarsus. Single pore present between α3 and a, and between t3 and g. Seta β1 sensillum-like, δ1–5 short, δ5 proximal to δ4. Middle tarsus 46 μm, its claw 21 μm; hind tarsus 59 μm, its claw 22 μm.</p> <p>Body chaetotaxy as in Table 1 and Figs.3A–C. On thoracic tergites II–III (Fig. 3A), P1a and P2a lanceolate microchaetae; P1a almost halfway between P1 and P2; P2a slightly nearer to P3 than to P2; P5a rudimentary; 1 and 2 on thoracic tergite I 33 and 13 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on thoracic tergite II 33, 3 and 39 μm. Abdominal tergites I–V with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5); VI with four pairs (A1, A2, A4, A5); VII with three pairs (A2, A4, A5) (Fig. 3B, C). P3 on abdominal tergites II–V situated anterior to other posterior setae; P3 on VI–VII in the same row with other posterior setae (Fig. 3B). Accessory setae, P1a, P2a and P4a, present on abdominal tergites II–VII; P3a on VI–VII; these setae short and less than about 1/6 of P 1 in length; P1a close to P1; P2a near to P2 (Fig. 3B, C). Sternite VIII with a single row of four setae (Fig. 3C). Accessory setae, P1a, on abdominal sternites I–VII similar to dorsal accessory setae. P1, P1a and P2 on abdominal tergite VI 36, 5 and 43 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on VII 37, 5 and 39 μm.</p> <p>Thoracic tergite II with pores sl and al (Fig. 3A); III with sl. Pore psm present on abdominal tergites I–VIII, those on VIII without accompanying teeth; psl on VI–VII (Fig. 3B); al on II–VII (Figs. 3C, D). Sternites V with two sam; IV–VI with spsm; VII with asymmetrical spsm (Fig. 3C).</p> <p>Abdominal appendage II–III each with two setae, apical seta less than a half of subapical one (Fig. 1F). On abdomen VIII, striate band developed, striae distinct (Fig. 3B, C); comb rectangular with 8 teeth (Fig. 1G). Female squama genitalis with stout pointed acrostylus (Fig. 1H).</p> <p>Preimago (male). Body length 780 μm in extended condition. Head length 101–105 μm, width 76 μm, LR = 26–27, CF = 8–9, pseudoculus circular, 8–9 μm x 8–9 μm, PR = 12–13. Foretarsus 86 μm; claw 26 μm, TR = 3.3; empodium 3 μm, EU = 0.1; BS = 0.4. Middle tarsus 38–39 μm, its claw 15–18 μm; hind tarsus 18–20 μm, its claw 18–20 μm. Fundamental features almost same with those of imago. P1, P1a and P2 on thoracic tergite II 21–26, 2–3 and 33–34 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on abdominal tergite VI 32–37, 4 and 35–36 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on VII 32, 4 and 34–35 μm.</p> <p>Maturus junior. Body length 533 μm. Head length 103 μm, CF = 10, pseudoculus 7 μm x 7 μm, PR = 14. Fore- tarsus 80 μm; claw 24 μm, TR = 3.4; empodium 3 μm, EU = 0.1. Shape and position of foretarsal sensilla same as those of preceding stages, BS = 0.4. Middle tarsus 35 μm, its claw 14 μm; hind tarsus 40 μm, its claw 19 μm. Seta Mc present instead of M1 on abdominal tergite VIII and the following setae absent: P1a on abdominal tergites II–VI, A4 on tergite VI, 4a on tergite IX, 1, 2, and 3a on tergite X, and 2 and 3 on sternite XI</p> <p>Chaetotaxic variation. Asymmetric absence of A1 on abdominal tergite VI in maturus junior.</p> <p>Remarks. The present new species is similar to G. maijiawensis Yin &amp; Imadaté from China in the position of foretarsal sensilla b, c, and d on nearly line, and d close to c, as well as the anterior setae on abdominal tergites II–VII (Yin &amp; Imadaté 1979); however, it differs from G. maijiawensis by the length of foretarsal sensillum a' (long and surpassing δ 3 in G. maijiawensis), the presence of dorsal accessory setae P3a on abdomen VI (absent in G. maijiawensis), and the position of P3 on VI (anterior in G. maijiawensis).</p> <p>This species also resembles G. chichibuensis from Japan and G. shippingensis Yin from China in the shape of the accessory setae on thoracic tergites II–III (small and lanceolate) and the position of P3 on abdominal tergite VI in same row as the other posterior setae (Nakamura 1995). However, the new species differs from both established species by the setae on the labial palpus (four setae in the two established species), from G. chichibuensis by the position of t2 (distal to c and d in G. chichibuensis) and P3a on abdominal tergite VI (absent in G. chichibuensis), and from G. shippingensis by the chaetotaxy of abdominal tergite VII (eight anterior setae in G. shippingensis) and the position of a’ (almost level with t 1 in G. shippingensis).</p> <p>Distribution. Japan (Kyushu), known only from the type locality.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the long foretarsus within the genus.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252BDE551668FFC9D285FF5DFBD1DDA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nakamura, Osami	Nakamura, Osami (2021): The Japanese species of the genus Gracilentulus (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 271-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.3
252BDE55166FFFC5D285FD9DFA3ADB86.text	252BDE55166FFFC5D285FD9DFA3ADB86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gracilentulus microtrichus Nakamura 2021	<div><p>Gracilentulus microtrichus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 4–7, Table 2</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype: female (NSMT-Ap 560), Mt. Koma-ga-take, Kanegasaki-machi, Iwate Prefecture, deciduous broad-leaved forest of Fagus crenata and Clethra barbinervis with herb layer of Sasa kurilensis, 39.185816º N, 140.934838º E, elev. 710 m, 18-VIII-2001, O. Nakamura et al. leg.</p> <p>Holotype (NSMT-Ap 560) is deposited in NSMT.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Foretarsal sensilla a–g broad; b subequal to c and d in length, base of c closer to d, f close to e; proximal part of canal of maxillary gland short and large end dilatation; cephalic setae s d4, sd5, accessory setae on thoracic segments II–III and abdominal segments I–VII oblong microchaetae. Seta A4 present on thoracic sternite II. Seta P1a absent on tergite VI. Pores lt present on V–VI.</p> <p>Description. Body length 1,079 μm. Head length 148 μm, width 98 μm, labrum not protruded; cephalic setae l3, l5 short setiform, 5 and 7 μm, respectively; sd4 and sd5 oblong microchaetae (Fig. 4E), 3 μm; d6 present; sd7 1.6 times longer than d7 (Fig. 4A). Maxillary palpus with two broad sensilla on penultimate segment, dorsal and ventral sensilla similar to each other in shape and length, 8 μm (Fig. 4B). Labial palpus with three setae and one sensillum (Fig. 4C). Canal of maxillary gland simple, proximal part short and stout with large end dilatation (Fig. 4D). Pseudoculus longer than wide, 12 μm x 9 μm, PR = 13 (Fig. 4E). Pore fp present (Fig. 4A)</p> <p>Foretarsus (Figs. 5A, B) 97 μm, claw 22 μm, TR = 4.5, empodium 3 μm, EU = 0.1. Foretarsal sensilla a–g and a' broad; a, g and a' broader than other sensilla. Dorsal sensillum t1 claviform, same level with α3, BS = 0.5; t2 thin, distal to d; t3 small knob-like, its apex not pointed. Exterior sensillum a surpassing base of d; b, c, and d on nearly line; b subequal to c and d; c close to d, its apex reaching base of e; d surpassing base of e; e situated about halfway between γ3 and α5; f close to e; g at same level with t3; apices of e, f and g surpassing tarsus. Interior sensillum a' slightly distal to t1; b' absent; c' linear, its apex reaching base of claw. Single pore present between α3 and a, and between t3 and g, respectively. Seta β1 sensillum-like, δ1–5 short; δ5 proximal to δ4. Middle tarsus 36 μm, its claw 19 μm; hind tarsus 42 μm, its claw 20 μm.</p> <p>Body chaetotaxy as in Table 2 and Figs. 6A–E, 7A–D. On thoracic tergites II–III (Figs. 6A, B), P1a and P2a oblong microchaetae (Fig. 6C); A2 and M2 on sternite I–III short oblong, same as dorsal accessory setae (Fig. 6D, E). Seven anterior setae (Ac, A2, A3, A4) present on thoracic sternites II–III (Fig. 6E). 1 and 2 on thoracic tergite I 20 and 13 μm; P1, 1a and P2 on thoracic tergite II 15, 2 and 22 μm. Abdominal tergites I–V with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5); VI with four pairs (A1, A2, A4, A5); VII with three pairs (A2, A4, A5) (Figs. 7A, B); P3 on abdominal tergites II–VI situated anterior to other posterior setae (Figs. 7A, B). Posterior accessory setae on abdominal tergites I–VII oblong microchaetae and less than about 1/6 of P 1 in length, but P1a absent on VI; P1a nearer to P1 than to P2; P2a near to P3 (Figs. 7A, B). P1a on abdominal sternites I–VII oblong microchaetae, same as dorsal ones (Fig. 7D); VIII with a single two of four setae. P1, P2 and P2a on abdominal tergite VI 20, 25 and 3 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on VII 24, 3 and 27 μm.</p> <p>Thoracic tergite II–III with pore sl (Fig. 6A, B). Pore psm present on abdominal tergites I–VIII, those on VIII without accompanying teeth (Fig. 7C); al on V–VII, lt on V–VI (Fig. 7D). Sternites V–VII with spsm (Fig. 7D).</p> <p>Abdominal appendage II–III each with two setae, apical seta about 1/3 of subapical one in length (Fig. 4F). On abdomen VIII, striate band developed, striae distinct (Fig. 7C); comb rectangular with 7 teeth (Fig. 4G). Female squama genitalis with stout pointed acrostylus (Fig. 4H).</p> <p>Remarks. The present new species differs from its congeners that are without foretarsal sensillum b’ by the position of foretarsal sensillum f (halfway between e and g in others) and the shape of the accessory setae on abdomen I–VII (normal setae in others). Among the congeners, only in the new species and G. floridanus (Ewing) does foretarsal sensillum b have a subequal length to c and d (Tuxen 1964); however, this new species differs from G. floridanus in the chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites II–VI (eight anterior setae in G. floridanus).</p> <p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu), known only from type locality.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the microchaetae accessory setae on the thorax and abdomen.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252BDE55166FFFC5D285FD9DFA3ADB86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nakamura, Osami	Nakamura, Osami (2021): The Japanese species of the genus Gracilentulus (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 271-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.3
252BDE551662FFC2D285FBD4FD37D9B3.text	252BDE551662FFC2D285FBD4FD37D9B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gracilentulus aokii : Imadate 1982	<div><p>Gracilentulus aokii Imadaté, 1982</p> <p>Figs. 8–9</p> <p>Gracilentulus aokii: Imadaté, 1982, pp.180–183, Figs 1–8.- Imadaté &amp; Harada, 1983, p.20.- Imadaté, 1985, 546.- Imadaté &amp; Ohnishi, 1993, Tables 2,3.- Szeptycki 1993, p.388.- Imadaté, 1994, p.54.-Szetycki, 2007, p. 59.</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype female (NSMT-Ap 78); two females, Shimonada, Futami-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime Prefecture, 26-I-1978, collected by J. Aoki.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Foretarsal sensillum t1 same level with α3, a’ distal to t1, e, f and g subequal in length; posterior accessory setae P1a and P2a on thoracic tergites II–III lanceolate microchaetae, P3 on abdominal tergites VI–VII same row with other posterior setae. Pores lt present on VI–VII.</p> <p>Supplementary notes on description. Examination of the specimens revealed that some characters needed correction or were omitted in the original description.</p> <p>Cephalic setae l3, l5, sd4, sd5 short setiform, about 5 μm; seta d6 present; seta sd7 1.3 times longer than d7 (Fig. 8A); labrum short, 3 μm, LR = 30. Maxillary palpus with two sensilla on penultimate segment, dorsal and ventral sensilla similar to each other in shape and length (Fig. 8B, C). Pore fp present (Fig. 8A).</p> <p>On thoracic tergite II–III (Fig. 9A), P1a and P2a lanceolate microchaetae; P1a halfway between P1 and P2; P2a near to P3. Setae P1 and P2 on thoracic tergite I 24 and 13μm; P1, 1a and P2 on II 21–23, 2–3 and 26–27 μm. Posterior principal setae P3 on abdominal tergites II–V anterior to other posterior ones; but P3 on VI and VII at same row with other posterior ones (Fig. 9B). P1, P1a and P2 on abdominal tergite VI 23–25, 4 and 26–27 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on VII 23–25, 3–4 and 25–27 μm.</p> <p>Thoracic tergite II with pores sl and al (Fig.9A); III with sl; sternite II with sc posterior to Ac. Pore psm present on abdominal tergites I–VIII (Fig. 9B), those on VIII with accompanying two teeth (Fig. 9D); al with II–VI; psl and lt on VI–VII (Figs. 9B, C). Abdominal sternite IV and VII with asymmetric spsm; V–VI with spsm (Fig. 9C). Telson with dorsal medial pore with serrate line (Fig. 9E) and a pair of ventral sal pores at both sides.</p> <p>Notes. The original description states that the principal posterior setae P3 on abdominal tergite VI are situated anterior to other posterior setae. In the present observation, however, the position of P3 on VI was in the same row as the other posterior setae. Additionally, in the present study, the posterior accessory setae P1a and P2a on thoracic tergites II–III were identified as lanceolate microchaetae (though their shape was not mentioned in the original description).</p> <p>The current study revealed that G. aokii shared the following common characteristics with G. macrotarsus sp. nov., G. chichibuensis, and G. shippingensis: lanceolate microchaetae P1a and P2a on thoracic tergites II–III and the posterior position of P3 on abdominal tergite VI. Gracilentulus aokii differs from G. macrotarsus sp. nov. by the position of foretarsal sensillum t2 (distal to c and d in G. aokii) and the presence of P3a on abdominal tergite VI (absent in G. aokii). Furthermore, G. aokii differs from both G. chichibuensis and G. shippingensis by the setae on the labial palpus (three setae in G. aokii; four setae in the latter two species). Additionally, it differs from G. chichibuensis by the length of foretarsal sensilla b (surpassing the base of f in G. aokii but not in G. chichibuensis) as well as e and f (neither apex reaching the base of the claw in G. aokii; almost reaching this position in G. chichibuensis), and differs from G. shippingensis in the chaetotaxy of abdominal tergite VII (six and eight anterior setae in G. aokii and G. shippingensis, respectively).</p> <p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252BDE551662FFC2D285FBD4FD37D9B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nakamura, Osami	Nakamura, Osami (2021): The Japanese species of the genus Gracilentulus (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 271-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.3
252BDE551664FFC1D285F9ADFDA4DD2F.text	252BDE551664FFC1D285F9ADFDA4DD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gracilentulus chichibuensis Nakamura. A 1995	<div><p>Gracilentulus chichibuensis Nakamura, 1995</p> <p>Fig. 10</p> <p>Gracilentulus chichibuensis; Nakamura,1995, pp. 1–8, Figs 1 –15.- Szeptycki, 2007, p. 59.-Nakamura, 2011, p. 38.</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype male (NSMT-Ap 417), allotype female (NSMT-Ap 418), paratype female (NSMT- Ap 420), Mino-yama, Minano-machi, Saitama Prefecture, deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus serrata and Acer spp., elev. 500 m, 6-VI-1988, O. Nakamura leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Labial palpus with four setae; foretarsal sensillum t1 posterior to α3; a not surpassing base of c; b not surpassing base of f; posterior accessory setae P1a and P2a on thoracic tergites II–III lanceolate microchaetae; P3 on abdominal tergites VI–VII same row with other posterior setae.</p> <p>Supplementary notes on description. Cephalic setae l3, l5, sd4, sd5 short setiform, about 5 μm; seta d6 present; seta sd7 1.3–1.7 times longer than d7; CF = 8–9; pore fp present (Fig. 10A). P1a on thoracic tergites II–III halfway between P1 and P2; P2a near to P3. 1 and 2 on thoracic tergite I 22–25 and 14 μm; P1, 1a and P2 on II 20, 2–3 and 24–28 μm. P1a on abdominal tergites I–VII near to P1; P2a on VI–VII slightly nearer to P3. P1, P1a and P2 on abdominal tergite VI 22–23, 4–5 and 26–27 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on VII 25–26, 5 and 26–27 μm. Pore psm on abdominal tergite VIII with accompanying teeth (Fig. 10B). Male squama genitalis with 6+6 setae (Fig. 10C).</p> <p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252BDE551664FFC1D285F9ADFDA4DD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nakamura, Osami	Nakamura, Osami (2021): The Japanese species of the genus Gracilentulus (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 271-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.3
252BDE551666FFDAD285FF15FAACDE9F.text	252BDE551666FFDAD285FF15FAACDE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gracilentulus europaeus Szeptycki. In 1993	<div><p>Gracilentulus europaeus Szeptycki, 1993</p> <p>Figs. 11–12, Table 3</p> <p>Gracilentulus europaeus: Szeptycki, 1993, pp. 383–384, 390–392, Figs 4–8, 18–31.- Szeptycki, 2007, p. 59.</p> <p>Gracilentulus sp. Nakamura et al., 2011, p. 62.</p> <p>Materials examined. 174 females, 39 maturi juniores, 39 larvae II, 1 larva I, botanical garden of Rishiri Town Museum, Senhoushi, Rishiri Island, Hokkaido, mixed forest of Picea jezoensis, Abies sachalinensis, Betula ermanii, Sorbus commixta, 45.113436º N, 141.216213º E, elev. 25 m, 18-X-2007, M. Sato leg.; 2 females, botanical garden of Hokkaido University, Chûô-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, grassland, 43.063456º N, 141.34378º E, elev. 20 m, 8-V- 1980, O. Nakamura leg.</p> <p>10 specimens (three females (NSMT-Ap 561–563), three maturi juniores (NSMT-Ap 564–566), three Larvae II (NSMT-Ap 567–569), one Larva I (NSMT-Ap 570)) are deposited in NMST, 10 specimens (four females, three maturi juniores, three larvae II) in the collection of Rishiri Town Museum, and the remaining specimens in the collection of Saitama Museum of Natural History.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cephalic setae sd5 and d6 absent; foretarsal sensillum b’ posterior to α4, d at almost same level with t2; pore lt on abdominal tergite VII situated anteriorly to level of A5; abdominal tergites II–VI with eight anterior setae; anterior lines of abdominal sternites II–III continuous.</p> <p>Description based on Japanese specimens. Body length 923 μm in extended condition. Head length 103–109 μm; width 70–76 μm; labrum short, 5–6 μm, LR = 17–20. Cephalic setae l3, l5, sd4 short setiform, 6–7 μm; sd5 and d6 absent; d7 and sd7 subequal length, 15–17 μm (Fig. 11A). Maxillary palpus with two sensilla on penultimate seg- ment, dorsal sensillum, 9 μm, slightly longer than ventral one, 7 μm (Fig. 11B). Labial palpus with three setae and one sensillum (Fig. 11C). Canal of maxillary gland simple (Fig. 11D), CF = 9–11. Pseudoculus circular or slightly broader than long (Fig. 11E), 7–9 μm x 9 μm, PR = 13–14. Pore fp present (Fig. 11A).</p> <p>Foretarsus (Figs. 11F, G) 72–77 μm; claw 24–26 μm, TR = 2.9–3.1; empodium 3–4 μm, EU = 0.1–0.2. Dorsal sensillum t1 claviform, almost same level with α3, BS = 0.4–0.5; t2 thin, situated at same level with d; t3 small knob-like. Exterior sensillum a situated between γ1 and α3, its apex reaching base of f; b almost same length as c; c almost same level with α3; d situated at same level with t2; apices of a, b, c and d each reaching base of f; e situated posterior to α5; f at about halfway between e and g; g slightly distal to t3; apices of e, f and g surpassing tarsus. Interior sensillum a' broad, slightly posterior to t1, its apex surpassing base of b'; b' slightly distal to t2, its apex not reaching base of c'; c' at same level with α6, its apex surpassing tarsus. Single pore present near bases of c and t3, respectively. Setae β2 sensillum-like; δ1–5 short. Middle tarsus 33–35 μm, its claw 14–17 μm; hind tarsus 39–41 μm, its claw 17–18 μm.</p> <p>Body chaetotaxy as in Table 3 and Figs. 12A–G. On thoracic tergites II–III (Fig. 12A), P1a and P2a short setiform; P1a halfway between P1 and P2; P2a slightly nearer to P3 than to P2; P5a rudimentary. 1 and 2 on thoracic tergite I 27–30 and 11–13 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on thoracic tergite II 20–25, 5–7 and 32–33 μm. Abdominal tergites II–VII with four pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A4, A5); but A1 on VII often asymmetrical absent (Fig. 11B); P3 on II–VI situated anterior to other posterior setae (Fig. 11B); P1a on I–VI absent; P2a and P4a on I–VII and P1a on VII short setae, about 1/4 of P 1 in length; P2a on II–VI nearer to P2 than to P3; on VII P1a nearer to P1 than to P2, P2a at middle between P2 and P3. Sternite VIII with a single row of four setae; P1a on sternites II–VI similar to dorsal ones; P1a on VII slightly longer than those on sternites II–VI. P1, P2 and accessory setae (P2a, P4a) on abdominal tergite VI 25–26, 30 and 6–7 μm; P1, P1a and P2 on VII 26–28, 6–7 and 28 μm; P1a on sternite VI 6–7 μm; one on VII 7–8 μm.</p> <p>Thoracic tergite II–III with pore sl (Fig. 11A). Pore psm present on abdominal tergites I–VIII, those on VIII with accompanying teeth (Fig. 11C); al on V-VII (Fig. 11B); lt on VII (Fig. 11G). Sternite V with spsm; VI with two pairs of spsm; VII with spsm and spm (Fig. 11G).</p> <p>Abdominal appendage II–III with two setae (Fig. 11H), apical seta, 5 μm, about 1/3 length of subapical one, 14–16 μm. On abdomen VIII, striate band developed, striae distinct (Fig. 12C); comb with about 9 teeth; scattered teeth present on anterior part (Fig. 12C). Anterior line on abdominal sternites II–III continuous (Fig. 12D). Female squama genitalis with stout pointed acrostylus (Fig. 11I).</p> <p>Maturus junior: Body length 656 μm in extended condition. Head length 87–92 μm, width 61–65 μm, LR = 19–28; pseudoculus slightly longer than width or circular, 7 μm x 7–8 μm, PR = 12–14; CF = 10–11; pore fp often invisible. Foretarsus 62–65 μm; claw 21–23 μm, TR = 2.9–3.0; empodium 3–4 μm, EU = 0.1–0.2. Shape and posi- tion of foretarsal sensilla, and pores same as those of imago, BS = 0.4. Middle tarsus 25–28 μm, its claw 15–16 μm; hind tarsus 28–31μm, its claw 15–18 μm. Body porotaxy almost same as those of imago, but sl on thoracic tergites II–III often invisible; lt on abdomen VII missing. Scattered small teeth present on anterior part on abdomen VIII.</p> <p>Larva II: Body length 611 μm in extended condition. Head length 77–86 μm, width 58–61 μm, LR = 26–32; pseudoculus slightly longer than width or circular, 6–7 μm x 7–8 μm, PR = 12–14; CF = 10–12; pore fp missing. Foretarsus 51–56 μm; claw 18–20 μm, TR = 2.7–3.0; empodium 3–4 μm, EU = 0.1–0.2. Foretarsal sensilla b’ missing, BS = 0.4–0.5; pores same as those of preceding stages. Middle tarsus 24–28 μm, its claw 13–15 μm; hind tarsus 26–30 μm, its claw 14–15 μm. Pore al present on abdominal tergites I–VII; psm on V–VIII, those on V asymmetric or invisible, those on VIII with accompanying teeth; spsm present on abdominal sternites V–VII, those on V often missing, those on VII often asymmetric.</p> <p>Larva I: Body length 299 μm in compact condition. Head length 76 μm, width 49 μm; rostrum indistinct; pseudoculus slightly longer than width, 7 μm x 5 μm, PR = 12; CF = 12; pore fp absent. Foretarsus 42 μm; claw 18 μm, TR = 2.2; empodium 3 μm, EU = 0.2; BS = 0.4; sensilla b’ and c’ missing; pores absent. Pore psm present on abdominal tergites VII–VIII, those on VIII without accompanying teeth, a pair of ventral pore present at side on telson.</p> <p>Chaetotaxic variation. The chaetotaxy is quite variable and more than one irregularity exists in many specimens. The following anomalies were recorded.</p> <p>Imagines (176 specimens): thoracic tergite I— asymmetric presence of additional P1 (2 examples), asymmetric absence of P2a (1 ex.); thoracic sternite I, presence of additional Ac (2 exs.); thoracic sternite II—presence of additional ventral A2 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite I—symmetric presence of additional A2 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite II— absence of A1 (1 ex.), asymmetric absence of A2 (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of A3 (2 ex.), asymmetric absence of A4 (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of additional A5 (1 ex.), absence of P1 (1 ex.), absence of P2 (1 ex.), asymmetric absence of P2a (1 ex.); abdominal tergite III—asymmetric absence of A4 (5 exs.); abdominal tergite IV —asymmetric absence of A1 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite V —asymmetric presence of additional A1 (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of A3 (1 ex.), asymmetric absence of A4 (5 exs.), asymmetric absence of P2 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite VI —asymmetric absence of A2 (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of A3 (1 ex.), asymmetric absence of A4 (4 exs.), asymmetric absence of P1 and P2 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite VII —asymmetric absence of A1 (158 exs.), asymmetric absence of A2 (2 exs.), asymmetric presence of A3 (5 exs.); abdominal tergite VIII—absence of M1 (1 ex.), presence of Mc instead of M1 (4 exs.), presence of Mc (1 ex.), asymmetric absence of M2 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite IX—asymmetric absence of 1 (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of additional 1 (1 ex.); abdominal segment X—asymmetric presence of additional 1 (1 ex.); abdominal sternite III—presence of one seta lateroposterior to Ac (2 exs.); abdominal sternite IV —asymmetric presence of A1 (6 exs.), presence of one seta lateroposterior to Ac (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of P1 (1 ex.); abdominal sternite V —asymmetric presence of A1 (3 exs.), presence of A1 instead of Ac (1 ex.); abdominal sternite VI —asymmetric absence of P3 (1 ex.); abdominal sternite VII —presence of one seta between A2 and P2 (1 ex.), asymmetric absence of P1a (1 ex.); abdominal sternite VIII—presence of 5 setae (30 exs.) and 6 setae (1 ex.); abdominal sternite X—asymmetric absence of seta 1 (1 ex.).</p> <p>Maturi juniores (39 specimens): abdominal tergite II—asymmetric presence of A4 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite III—asymmetric absence of A1 (2 exs.), asymmetric absence of A2 (1 ex.): abdominal tergite V —asymmetric absence of A1 (1 ex.), asymmetric presence of A4 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite VII —asymmetric (37 exs.) and symmetric (2 exs.) absence of A1, asymmetric (18 exs.) and symmetric (2 exs.) presence of A2, asymmetric absence of A4 (1 ex.); abdominal tergite VII —absence of Mc (1 ex.); abdominal sternite IV —asymmetric absence of P1 (1 ex.).</p> <p>Larvae II (39 specimens): abdominal sternite II—absence of Pc (1 ex.); abdominal sternite III— absence of Pc (1 ex.); abdominal sternite VIII—asymmetric absence of seta 1 (1 ex.).</p> <p>Notes. Although the Japanese specimens differ slightly from the original description in the length of foretarsal sensilla b and d (neither apex reaching the base of f in the original description) along with b’ (its apex reaching the base of α 6 in the original description), and in the chaetotaxy of abdominal sternite I in larva II (A2 absent in the original description). However, these differences represent intraspecific variation. Indeed, there are no substantial differences in the important specific features from the original description. This Gracilentulus species belongs to the “ gracilis ” group, which is recorded from Japan for the first time here.</p> <p>Szeptycki (1993) described the anterior setae on abdominal tergite VII as seven setae (Ac, A 2, A4, and A5). Since A 1 setae emerge in the maturus junior, their occurrence was confirmed in 176 females and 39 maturi juniores obtained in the current study. In further analysis, a pair of A1 setae appeared in 18 females while one A1 had disappeared with high frequency (Table 4).</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p>When one A1 disappeared, the remaining A1 was found to move slightly toward the center. Hence, seta Ac in Szeptycki (1993) should be A1; thus, the anterior setae on abdominal tergite VII should be assigned as eight setae in pairs of A1, A2, A4, and A5, although A1 disappears asymmetrically with high frequency.</p> <p>Szeptycki (1993) suggested the possibility of facultative parthenogenesis in G. europaeus. In the present study, 176 adults from two sites were all females. Additionally, at Rishiri Island, all larval stages except for prelarva were obtained, indicating that an alternation of generations is taking place here. This result supports the hypothesis of Szeptycki (1993).</p> <p>Both localities from which the species was obtained in Hokkaido were artificial botanical gardens. In Rishiri Island, surveys were conducted at several sites, including natural forests, but the species was only collected in a botanical garden (Maehara et al. 2003; Nakamura et al. 2011). Although proturans have been collected from more than 560 localities in the main island of Hokkaido (Imadaté &amp; Ohnishi 1993), Gracilentulus species had previously not been obtained. Indeed, the current record from the botanical garden in Sapporo is the only locality at which collection has been successful on the main island of Hokkaido. These results suggest that this species was probably introduced into Hokkaido. Similar examples of out-of-country introduction were reported for Proturentomon minimum (Berlese) and Gracilentulus gracilis (Berlese) in New Zealand by Tuxen (1985). In addition, as stated by Minor (2008), the fact that only females were found is also indicative of out-of-country introduction.</p> <p>Distribution. Europe (Poland, France, and Portugal), USA (Delaware), new to Japan (Hokkaido).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252BDE551666FFDAD285FF15FAACDE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nakamura, Osami	Nakamura, Osami (2021): The Japanese species of the genus Gracilentulus (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 271-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.3
252BDE55167CFFD9D285F9CFFA21DD16.text	252BDE55167CFFD9D285F9CFFA21DD16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gracilentulus Tuxen 1963	<div><p>Key to the species without sensillum b’ on foretarsus of Gracilentulus</p> <p>A key to Gracilentulus species by Szeptycki (1993) includes all species known to that time, including those of the “ gracilis ” group (foretarsal sensillum b’ present, b longer than half of c) is currently still available. An updated key to species without sensillum b' on the foretarsus is provided.</p> <p>1. Foretarsal sensillum b subequal to c and d in length.......................................................... 2</p> <p>- Foretarsal sensillum b longer than c and d.................................................................. 3</p> <p>2. Foretarsal sensillum f halfway between e and g; abdominal tergites II–VI with eight anterior setae................................................................................................... G. floridanus (Ewing) (USA)</p> <p>- Foretarsal sensillum f close to e; abdominal tergites II–VI with six anterior setae.......... G. microtrichus sp. nov. (Japan)</p> <p>3. Foretarsal sensillum e longer than f; labial palpus with four setae and one sensillum................................. 4</p> <p>- Foretarsal sensillum e subequal to or shorter than f; labial palpus with three setae and one sensillum.................... 5</p> <p>4. Foretarsal sensillum t1 distal to α3; abdominal tergite VII with eight anterior setae............ G. shippingensis Yin (China)</p> <p>- Foretarsal sensillum t1 proximal to α3; abdominal tergite VII with six anterior setae..... G. chichibuensis Nakamura (Japan)</p> <p>5. Foretarsal sensillum c and d proximal to t2; f subequal to g in length; a not reaching base of t2..... G. aokii Imadaté (Japan)</p> <p>- Foretarsal sensillum c and d at same level with t2; f longer than g; a surpassing base of t2........................... 6</p> <p>6. Foretarsal sensillum a’ surpassing base of α4; P3a absent on abdominal tergite VI; P3 on tergite VI anterior to other posterior setae................................................................ G. maijiawensis Yin &amp; Imadaté (China)</p> <p>- Foretarsal sensillum a’ not reaching base of α4; P3a present on abdominal tergite VI; P3 on tergite VI in same row as other posterior setae............................................................... G. macrotarsus sp. nov. (Japan)</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252BDE55167CFFD9D285F9CFFA21DD16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nakamura, Osami	Nakamura, Osami (2021): The Japanese species of the genus Gracilentulus (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 271-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.3
