taxonID	type	description	language	source
38769D1BFFB7FF921BCCFD8A24D0D526.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Lithosia gilveola Ochsenheimer, 1810 (a junior synonym of Phalaena palliatella Scopoli, 1763), by subsequent designation by Moore (1878).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF921BCCFD8A24D0D526.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus was characterized and compared with Eilema in details by Dubatolov & Zolotuhin (2011). No autapomorphies can be recognized, but in the male genitalia, the combination of the following features is characteristic for the genus: (1) the vinculum is strongly elongate, with thin and weakly sclerotized arms, not forming a saccus, with membranous intravincular area bearing one or two bunches of androconial scales; (2) the valva has a long and wide dorsal part with thin costa lacking processes; (3) the sacculus is relatively narrow and having an elongate, thorn-like distal process well separated from the dorsal part of the valva; (4) the aedeagus vesica broad and bearing few robust cornuti. The similar structure of the vinculum is also known in several other genera, namely the Eurasian Eilema, Tarika Moore, Collita Moore, and the African Lepidilema Aurivillius, Dimorphilema Krüger, Syntemnilema Krüger and Lophilema Aurivillius, but all these genera differ from each other by their valva structures. In the female genitalia, the large appendix bursae (in comparison to the corpus bursae) is characteristic.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF971BCCFB44230CD563.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 6, 17 – 19, 24, 25)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF971BCCFB44230CD563.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 17): male, “ N-Vietnam / Tonkin, Mt. Fan-si-pan (Nord), Cha-pa, Nebelwald [cloud forest] (22.15 ˊN 103.45 ˊE) 2. – 4. III. 1995, 2400 m, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin ”, gen. slide No.: ZSM Arct. 2020 - 158 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM). Paratypes. VIETNAM: 3 males, 4 females, the same data as in the holotype, gen. slide No.: ZSM Arct. 2020 - 159 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); CHINA: 2 males, 1 female, W Sichuan, 10 km Tianquan, H- 880 m, N 30 ° 00.456 ˊ E 102 ° 45.277 ˊ, 23. iv. 2005, Floriani & Saldaitis, gen. slide Nos.: AV 6410, AV 6411 (males), AV 6412 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (AFM).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF971BCCFB44230CD563.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female of the new species is very similar externally to M. postmaculosa, but the male is distinguished by the somewhat more convex costal margin of the forewing with the diffuse black spots, whereas the costal margin is more smoothly curved and the black spots are distinct in M. postmaculosa. The male genital capsule of M. lienquan is similar to that of M. postmaculosa but differs by the less elongate juxta, the more elongate vinculum, the somewhat less elongate valva with a more rounded costal margin, and the conspicuously less elongate and weaker distal saccular process. The aedeagus of the new species has a smaller coecum than in M. postmaculosa. The vesica of M. lienquan differs from that of M. postmaculosa by the twisted main chamber which is much broader than in M. postmaculosa, lacks a lateral diverticulum (present in M. postmaculosa) and bears elongate clusters of a shortly spinulose scobination (absent in M. postmaculosa). Additionally, the terminal cornutus of the new species is much thinner and has a less dilated distal section than that of M. postmaculosa. The female genitalia of M. lienquan are distinguished by the membranous medial and anterior sections of the corpus bursae which are sclerotized in M. postmaculosa. The appendix bursae of the new species is weakly gelatinous and wrinkled whereas that of M. postmaculosa is sclerotized inside and has thick gelatinous outer walls. The posterior section of the corpus bursae of M. lienquan is sclerotized laterally whereas in M. postmaculosa it is evenly weakly gelatinous. The anterior section of the corpus burse of M. lienquan is much wider and lacking a signum whereas it is much smaller and bearing a small round signum in M. postmaculosa.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF971BCCFB44230CD563.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults (Figs 1 – 6). Forewing length 15 – 17 mm in males and 16 – 18 mm in females. Sexual dimorphism moderately expressed: male has longer cilia on antennae and paler forewing with less elongate apex, grey suffusion and an additional diffuse black spot medially while female has monotonous forewing with only one black spot at anal margin. Head and thorax from ochreous brown to deep-brown. Abdomen ochreous brown, with a bunch of ochreous hair-like scales distally in male. Forewing elongate with strongly convex costal margin and elongate apex. Forewing ground colour varies from ochreous brown to deep-brown in males and deep-brown in females; male with two diffuse black spots and grey suffusion medially; female with one distinct black spot at anal margin medially. Hindwing monotonous ochreous yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 17 – 19). Uncus elongate, narrow and straight basally and curved and dilated distally, with tiny thorn-like pointed tip. Tuba analis broad, narrowed distally; scaphium thin, weakly sclerotized. Tegumen short but broad, with arms fused medially and distally. Vinculum elongate, longer than tegumen, with thin arms connected distally by thinner commissure. Juxta trapezoid with short triangular apical protrusion. Valva relatively broad, with rounded costal margin and apex. Sacculus narrow, dilated distally, with a small dentate tubercle at the base of distal process. Distal saccular process relatively short, not reaching the valva tip, curved dorsally and pointed apically. Aedeagus large, wide, with short rounded coecum. Vesica very broad, twisted, with elongate cluster of shortly spinulose scobination along its axis and elongate subapical diverticulum projected dorsally and bearing a cluster of numerous tiny denticles apically. Terminal cornutus dilated basally, elongate and curved medially, with dilated, arrowhead-shaped tip. Vesica ejaculatorius scobinated basally, projected distally. Female genitalia (Figs 24, 25). Papillae anales broadly trapezoid with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses elongate and thin, equal in length. Ostium bursae wide. Antevaginal plate broadly elliptical. Ductus bursae broadly tubular, somewhat curved medially, elongate, membranous. Posterior section of corpus bursae wide, with sclerotized right side and membranous left side with appendix bursae originating from it. Anterior section of corpus bursae broad, sack-like, membranous. Appendix bursae broadly conical with rounded apex, weakly gelatinous and wrinkled, projecting laterally.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF971BCCFB44230CD563.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from North Vietnam (Lao Cai Province) and Sichuan Province of China. The records of M. postmaculosa from other provinces of China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong) (Daniel 1953; Fang 2000) probably also belong to M. lienquan but require clarification.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB7FF971BCCFB44230CD563.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In Vietnamese, ‘ liên quan’ means ‘ related’. The specific epithet refers to the close relationship of the new species and M. postmaculosa.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF971BCCFBCB20A0D7A5.taxon	description	(Figs 9 – 15, 20, 21, 26)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF971BCCFBCB20A0D7A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Photograph of the holotype (Fig. 12): female, “ Baibara, Y. Saito Kikuchi ” / “ Lithosia postmaculosa ” / red label “ Type Matsumura ” (EIHU). Other material examined: long series of both sexes from Taoyuan, Pingtung, Taichung, Kaohsiung, Nantou, Ilan, Chiayi and Taipei Counties of Taiwan, gen. slide Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2020 - 160, ZSM Arct. 2020 - 162, ZSM Arct. 2020 - 164 (males), ZSM Arct. 2020 - 161, ZSM Arct. 2020 - 163, ZSM Arct. 2020 - 165 (females) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF971BCCFBCB20A0D7A5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The forewing length is 15 – 16 mm in males and 15.5 – 16 mm in females. The species is variable in its wing coloration. However, the male and the female genitalia of different forms display no remarkable differences. The differences between M. postmaculosa and M. lienquan are discussed in details above in the diagnosis of the latter species.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF971BCCFBCB20A0D7A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is endemic to Taiwan Island (Fang, 1982; 2000 partim; Chang 1989; Heppner 2012, as costipuncta postmaculosa).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF9B1BCCF88E221FD18B.taxon	description	(Figs 7, 8, 22)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF9B1BCCF88E221FD18B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 7, 22): male, “ China, W. Sichuan, road Ya’an / Kangding, near Labahe Nac. park, 20. IV. 2010, leg. Chen Gun ”, gen. slide No.: AV 6414 (prepared by Volynkin) (AFM). Paratype: 1 male, the same data as in the holotype, gen. slide No.: AV 6413 (prepared by Volynkin) (AFM).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF9B1BCCF88E221FD18B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of M. labahe is reminiscent superficially of the M. postmaculosa / M. lienquan species pair due to its forewing colouration and the forewing shape. However, it can easily be distinguished by the lack of black medial spots (present in the congeners) and the presence of two sinuous greyish brown transverse lines (absent in the congeners). The male genital capsule of M. labahe differs from those of the congeners by the uncus strongly dilated distally, the vesica having small apico-lateral processes (absent in the congeners), the less convex costal margin of the valva, and the narrower sacculus lacking a dentate tubercle-like process at the base of the distal saccular process (present in the congeners). Additionally, the arms of the vinculum of the new species are distally connected by a membranous commissure, whereas in the congeners the commissure is sclerotized. Compared to those of the congeners, the aedeagus of the new species is markedly narrower, and the vesica is much narrower and lacking a large distal diverticulum with apical sclerotization. The cornutus of M. labahe is nearly straight, uniformly narrow and pointed apically, whereas in the M. postmaculosa / M. lienquan species pair it is robust, broad basally, curved medially and arrowhead-like dilated apically.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF9B1BCCF88E221FD18B.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults (Figs 7, 8). Forewing length 18 – 19 mm in males. Male antenna ciliate. Body brown, abdomen with admixture of ochreous hair-like apically. Forewing elongate with strongly convex costal margin and elongate apex. Forewing ground colour brown. Antemedial and postmedial transverse line greyish brown, sinuous, diffuse. Cilia brown with admixture of greyish scales. Hindwing monotonous pale ochreous. Male genitalia (Fig. 22). Uncus elongate, strongly dilated distally, with convex dorsal margin and tiny thorn-like pointed tip. Tuba analis broad, narrowed distally; scaphium very thin, weakly sclerotized. Tegumen short but broad, with arms fused in distal two thirds. Vinculum elongate, of equal length with tegumen, with thin arms connected distally by membranous commissure. Juxta trapezoid with two short narrowly triangular lateral processes apically. Valva moderately broad, with almost parallel margins and somewhat narrowed and rounded apex. Sacculus very narrow basally and strongly dilated distally. Distal saccular process elongate, reaching the valva tip, curved dorsally and pointed apically. Aedeagus elongate and narrow, with short and rounded coecum and slightly convex ventral wall medially. Vesica shorter and ca. 2 times broader than aedeagus, with short bilobate diverticulum laterally and long and narrow almost straight cornutus ventrally. Vesica ejaculatorius scobinated basally, projected distally. Female is unknown.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF9B1BCCF88E221FD18B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The new species is known to date from western Sichuan Province of China only.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
38769D1BFFB2FF9B1BCCF88E221FD18B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 4991 (2): 389-397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12
