identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B287CBFFD7961AFF4BFBF0FB10FA53.text	03B287CBFFD7961AFF4BFBF0FB10FA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirratulidae Ryckholt 1851	<div><p>Family Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body elongate with numerous short segments; not divided into distinct regions but anterior and/or posterior segments sometimes expanded and crowded. Prostomium narrow and conical or broad and wedge shaped, without appendages; eyespots present or absent; paired dorsolateral nuchal organs present. Peristomium achaetous, smooth or with two or more distinct annuli. Grooved dorsal tentacles arise as a single pair or as multiple groups of filaments on posterior margin of peristomium or on one or more anterior setigerous segments. Branchiae long, filamentous, usually occurring over numerous segments. Parapodia biramous with rudimentary podial lobes. Setae simple, including capillaries, acicular spines or bidentate hooks. Pygidium a simple lobe sometimes with sub-anal disk, or terminal cirri. Pharynx ventral, unarmed. Sexual and asexual reproduction may occur.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFD7961AFF4BFBF0FB10FA53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
03B287CBFFD79619FF4BF980FED7F84E.text	03B287CBFFD79619FF4BF980FED7F84E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella Chamberlin 1919	<div><p>Genus Caulleriella Chamberlin, 1919</p> <p>Type species: Cirratulus viridis Langerhans, 1881. Original designation by Chamberlin 1919.</p> <p>Diagnosis. (after Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019). Prostomium elongate, conical to pointed; peristomium elongated to short, dorsal tentacles usually beginning anterior to setiger 1. Middle body segments not beaded; parapodia often with noto- and neuropodia widely separated laterally. Modified setae including capillaries and bidentate, crotchetlike hooks, not arranged into modified cinctures. In some species, unidentate hooks may occur in some regions of the body in addition to bidentate hooks. Pygidium either a simple conical lobe or with one or two anal cirri.</p> <p>Remarks. To date, approximately 45 species of Caulleriella are known (Read &amp; Fauchald 2020; Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019). The current definition of the genus essentially dates from Blake (1996), who, among other things, determined that in addition to having bidentate hooks, most species of Caulleriella differ from other bitentaculate cirratulids in having the noto- and neuropodia widely separated from one another along the body; this generalization, however, does not hold up in species that have long, narrow threadlike bodies.</p> <p>Bidentate hooks. Three types of bidentate hooks have been reported for species of Caulleriella. (1) One type is a typical bidentate crotchet, found in most species, where the apical tooth appears to emerge directly from the end of shaft with no hood or flange along the shaft. This type of hook is characteristic of most species. (2) A second type of hook has a hood or flange on the convex side of the shaft that extends apically forming the apical tooth. This type of seta was first described for C. alata by Southern (1914). Although not stated, Southern’s name for the species appears to be derived from alatus, Latin for winged and refers directly to the transparent hood on the convex side of the shaft that merges with the apical tooth. These ‘alate’ hooks have been reported in nine species of Caulleriella (see list in Discussion section) and likely occur in others where details of the bidentate teeth are not well described. (3) A third type of hook has a transparent hood that extends from the main fang to the concave side of the shaft, similar to hoods found in some spionids and paraonids. This type of hook is only known from C. bathytata Blake, 2019 an abyssal species from the Pacific Ocean.</p> <p>The nature of the ‘alate’ hooks is not well understood. There is some evidence that the so-called hood or flange on the convex side of the shaft is actually an artifact of the shaft having a groove on the lateral or convex side and that a change in thickness along the shaft produces a lighter or more transparent area that is the ‘hood’ observed in light microscopy. Likewise, details of ‘alate’ hooks suggest that the apical tooth may actually be a projecting ridge or an extension of the shaft that only appears as a tooth when observed in lateral view. Caulleriella kacya e Blake, 2018 from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica has a broad accessory sheath on the convex side of the shaft that terminates on the tip of the shaft as a ridge above the main fang; in some views this sheath appears to be divided producing a tridentate appearance (Blake 2018). The ‘alate’ bidentate hooks of C. pacifica E. Berkeley, 1929 were illustrated with SEM by Magalhães &amp; Bailey-Brock (2015). The convex side of the curved shaft has a distinct channel or groove that could appear as the hood in light microscopy at certain angles. In addition, the apical tooth is short and appears to be a low ridge. In contrast the SEMs of the bidentate hooks of C. venefica Doner &amp; Blake, 2006 (see Figure 8 in C. venefica section below) show no evidence of a groove along the shaft and the apical tooth is narrow and pointed. These observations suggest that an in-depth investigation of these hooks may yield additional characters useful in species delimitation.</p> <p>Parapodia. Most species of Caulleriella have the noto- and neuropodia widely separated along the body (Blake 1996; Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019); in some species such C. quadrata Blake &amp; Dean, 2019, the podia are so widely separated they appear at four corners of the body when viewed in cross section (Blake &amp; Dean 2019). This generalization, however, is not as obvious in deep-water species where the bodies are long and thin; however, even in these taxa, the podial lobes are distinctly separated from one another rather than being close as in species of Tharyx.</p> <p>Bathymetry. Recent studies have added numerous new species of Caulleriella and expanded descriptions of others (Blake 2018, 2019; Blake &amp; Dean 2019). However, only five of the 45 previously known species of Caulleriella, four from around Antarctica and one from the abyssal Pacific, are known from depths of 500 m or greater (Blake 2018, 2019): C. antarctica (Hartman, 1978) (1120 m), C. bathytata Blake, 2019 (4877 m), C. eltaninae Blake, 2018 (870 m), C. fimbriata Blake, 2018, (1884 m), and C. kacyae Blake, 2018 (1035 m). Three additional deepwater and one shallow water species of Caulleriella are newly described in the present study bringing the number of known species for the genus to 49 of which only eight occur in deep water. Additional records and descriptive comments for Caulleriella venefica, a widespread nearshore and continental shelf species along the U.S. Atlantic coast, are also provided. In addition several specimens of an additional small species of Caulleriella, are reported from rocky habitats in Cape Cod Bay. These specimens are not named but may be conspecific with or related to C. fragilis (Leidy, 1855), which has not been described since the original report. The following species are treated in this study.</p> <p>1. Caulleriella filiformia n. sp.</p> <p>2. Caulleriella nobska n. sp.</p> <p>3. Caulleriella pintada n. sp.</p> <p>4. Caulleriella rodmani n. sp.</p> <p>5. Caulleriella venefica Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p> <p>6. Caulleriella sp.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFD79619FF4BF980FED7F84E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
03B287CBFFD5961DFF4BFF05FB57FA77.text	03B287CBFFD5961DFF4BFF05FB57FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella filiformia Blake 2021	<div><p>Caulleriella filiformia new species</p> <p>Figures 1–2</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 263E4535-116F-490F-8ABC-0726725F0F29</p> <p>Caulleriella sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2 (in part); 1987b: D-2 (in part); Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part)</p> <p>Caulleriella sp. 3: Blake et al. 1987: C-2 (in part); Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part).</p> <p>Material examined. (48 specimens) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.703835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.199833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.703835/lat 32.199833)">Southeastern</a> USA, off <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.703835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.199833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.703835/lat 32.199833)">Charleston</a>, South Carolina, U.S. South ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 15: Cruise SA-5, Rep. 2, 18 Sep 1985, 32°11.99ʹN, 76°42.23ʹW, 1991 m, holotype (USNM 1642576); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.703835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.703835/lat 32.2)">Rep.</a> 1, 18 Sep 1985, 32°12.00ʹN, 76°42.23ʹW, 1988 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642575); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.704&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.1995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.704/lat 32.1995)">Rep.</a> 3, 18 Sep 1985, 32°11.97ʹN, 76°42.24ʹW, 1991 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1642577); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.703&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.200333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.703/lat 32.200333)">Cruise</a> SA-4, Rep. 1, 16 May 1985, 32°12.02ʹN, 76°42.18ʹW, 1993 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1642572); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.703&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.200832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.703/lat 32.200832)">Rep.</a> 2, 16 May 1985, 32°12.05ʹN, 76°42.18ʹW, 1991 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1642573); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.7155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.179" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.7155/lat 32.179)">Rep.</a> 3, 16 May, 1985, 32°10.74ʹN, 76°42.93ʹW, 2003 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642574).— <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.49733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.085167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.49733/lat 40.085167)">Off New</a> England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 5: Cruise NA 3, Rep. 1, 04 Jul 1985, 40°05.11ʹN, 67°29.84ʹW, 2058 m, (3, USNM 1642578); Cruise NA 4, Rep 2, 25 Nov 1986, 40°05.09ʹN, 67°29.84ʹW, 2071 m (2, USNM 1642579); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.49683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.0845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.49683/lat 40.0845)">Rep.</a> 3, 25 Nov 1985, 40°05.07ʹN, 67°29.81ʹW, 2071 m (1, USNM 1642580); Cruise NA 5, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1986, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.94ʹW, 2052 m (2, USNM 1642581); Rep. 3, 29 Apr 1986, 40°05ʹ.01ʹN, 67°29.90ʹW, 2085 m (2, USNM 1642582); Cruise NA 6, Rep. 1, 26 Jul 1986, 40°05.07ʹN, 67°29.08ʹW, 2063 m (1, USNM 1642583); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4945/lat 40.084835)">Rep.</a> 3, 26 Jul 1986, 40°05.09ʹN, 67°29.67ʹW, 2055 m (1, USNM 1642584). Sta. 6: Cruise NA 2, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.04ʹN, 67°29.99ʹN, 2108 m (1, USNM 1642585); Rep. 2, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.03ʹN, 67°29.13ʹN, 2108 m (1, USNM 1642586); Rep. 3, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.13ʹN, 2107 m (1, USNM 1642587); Cruise NA 5, Rep. 2, 30 Apr 1986, 40°05.11ʹN, 67°29.21ʹN, 2110 m (2, USNM 1642588); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.085" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4855/lat 40.085)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 May 1986, 40°05.10ʹN, 67°29.13ʹW, 2109 m (1, USNM 1642589). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61933/lat 40.170666)">Sta.</a> 8: Cruise NA 2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°10.24ʹN, 67°37.16ʹW, 2185 m (1, USNM 1642590); Cruise NA 4, Rep. 3, 25 Nov 1985, 40°10.25ʹN, 67°37.41ʹN, 2182 m (4, USNM 1642591); Cruise NA 6, Rep. 2, 27 Jul 1986, 40°10.23ʹN, 67°37.25ʹN, 2193 m (2, USNM 1642592); Rep. 3, 27 Jul 1986, 40°10.21ʹN, 67°37.28ʹN, 2188 (3, USNM 1642593). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.681835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90283/lat 39.681835)">Sta.</a> 14: Cruise NA 2, Rep. 1, 05 May 1985, 39°40.91ʹN, 70°54.17ʹW, 2095 m (4, USNM 1642594); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.682167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9035/lat 39.682167)">Rep.</a> 2, 5 May 1985, 39°40.93ʹN, 70°54.21ʹW, 2092 m (1, USNM 1642595). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.66783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9045/lat 39.66783)">Sta.</a> 15: Cruise NA 2, Sta. 15, Rep. 2, 5 May 1985, 39°40.07ʹN, 70°54.27ʹW, 2145 m (1, USNM 1642596); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.668335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90517/lat 39.668335)">Rep.</a> 3, 6 May 1985, 39°40.10ʹN, 70°54.31ʹW, 2140 m. (1, USNM 1642597).— Off New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid- Atlantic ACSAR, Program, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Mid-6, Sta. 2: Rep. 3, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35ʹ.83ʹN, 72°53.91ʹW, 1994 (3, USNM 1642598).— <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04366&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.926666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04366/lat 38.926666)">Off</a> New Jersey, U.S. EPA DWD-106 Site Survey, R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist: Sta. G, Rep. 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.60ʹN, 72°02.62ʹW, 2509 m (1, MCZ 161720).</p> <p>Description. A long, thin, threadlike species (Figs. 1A–C, 2A, C–E); holotype complete, 9.1 mm long, 0.16 mm across anterior segments and 0.12 mm across far posterior segments, for 58 setigers; one complete paratype (USNM 1642576), 8 mm long for 60 setigers. Body generally cylindrical throughout, with no evidence of dorsal or ventral grooves.All segments moniliform to some extent (Fig. 2A, C–F); 5–8 anteriormost setigers relatively short, constituting thoracic region (Figs. 1A–B, 2A–B), about 1.5–2.0 times as wide as long, then segments becoming longer, about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 1A, 2A, C–E); posterior segments becoming shorter, rounded, about as long as wide, weakly moniliform (Figs. 1C, 2F), continuing to pygidium bearing two narrow anal cirri (Figs. 1A, 2F–G). Individual segments along most of body transparent, with intestinal track and coelom clearly apparent (Fig. 2A–F); heart body evident in anteriormost segments of some specimens; epidermis of anterior and middle body segments lumpy, but not producing transverse annulations. Color in alcohol opaque white, with no pigment apparent on body.</p> <p>Pre-setiger region narrow, about 2.3 times as long as wide, about as long as first four setigers (Figs. 1A–B, 2A–B). Prostomium triangular, tapering to narrow rounded apex (Fig. 1A–B); eyespots absent; nuchal organs not observed. Peristomium elongate, narrow, with weak lateral grooves in anterior one-third, not producing annular rings (Figs. 1A, 2A); holotype with grooves producing lateral pockets (Fig. 1B). Dorsal tentacles widely spaced, arising from near posterior border of peristomium (Fig. 1A–B); first pair of branchiae arising immediately posterior to dorsal tentacles on peristomium; second pair of branchiae arising on posterior border of setiger 1, dorsal to notosetae (Fig. 1A–B). Subsequent segments with branchiae in similar position; branchiae long, thin, present along most of body to near posterior end.</p> <p>Parapodia reduced; anterior segments with weakly developed podial lobes from which setae arise. Noto- and neuropodial setal fascicles distinctly separated from one another anteriorly, becoming widely separated from one another in middle and posterior setigers. Noto- and neurosetae of anteriormost setigers with 5–8 long capillaries per fascicle; notoacicular bidentate hooks first present from setigers 7–10 (setiger 8 in holotype); neuroacicular hooks similar in distribution (beginning setiger 7 in holotype). Hooks mostly replacing capillaries, 1–3 per fascicle at first, increasing to 4–5 in middle and posterior segments, reduced to 1–3 in far posterior segments. Hooks with a thick, slightly curved shaft tapering to thick main fang surmounted by a thin apical tooth as an extension of an ‘alate’ flange on convex side of shaft (Figs. 1D–E, 2H–I); neuropodial hooks shorter and thicker (Fig. 1D) than notopodial hooks (Fig. 1E). Hooks of far posterior segments becoming longer, less curved, prominently visible on segments anterior to pygidium.</p> <p>Pygidium with two short anal cirri (Figs. 1C, 2F–G); one or both sometimes missing, but scars or stubs usually present.</p> <p>Variability. The most obvious variability among the material is with the beaded or moniliform segments. In some specimens all segments are at least weakly moniliform with anterior segments short and rounded, middle segments elongated and posterior segments again short and rounded. In other specimens the anterior most segments while distinctly separated from one another are weakly crowded, but transition to moniliform segments along most of the body. In other specimens the middle body segments and some posterior segments appear to be stretched or pulled out, thus obscuring the moniliform shape. Finally, the middle segments of other specimens have an intestinal fold that when filled with particles, elevates the dorsum of individual segments thus exaggerating the moniliform appearance.</p> <p>Methyl Green staining. No pattern.</p> <p>Remarks. Caulleriella filiformia n. sp. is distinctive among species of Caulleriella in having a long, thin threadlike body with most specimens having moniliform or bead-like segments along nearly the entire length; segments are short and beadlike in anterior and posterior segments, longer in middle segments and stretched, but still weakly moniliform in shape.</p> <p>Caulleriella filiformia n. sp. is closely related to C. rodmani n. sp. (see below) with which it may occur. In C. filiformia n. sp. the first pair of branchiae arise lateral to the dorsal tentacles on the posterior margin of the peristomium; the second pair and subsequent branchiae occur on setiger 1 dorsal to the notosetae. In contrast, the first pair of branchiae of C. rodmani n. sp. arise dorsal to the notosetae on setiger 1. Rounded or moniliform segments typically occur along the entire of body of C. filiformia n. sp., while only the first 3–5 thoracic segments of C. rodmani n. sp. are rounded. Two short anal cirri occur on the pygidial segment of C. filiformia n. sp., whereas the pygidium of C. rodmani n. sp. is rounded and lacks anal cirri. One or two of the anal cirri may be damaged or broken, but scars or stubs are usually apparent when stained with Shirlastain A. The bidentate hooks of C. filiformia n. sp. have an ‘alate’ flange on the convex side that forms the apical tooth, whereas in C. rodmani n. sp., there is no flange and the apical tooth emerges directly from the shaft.</p> <p>Biology and Habitat. One paratype (USNM 1642573) has a few large eggs in posterior parapodia that measure up to 350 µm in the longest dimension; the large size suggesting direct development. Sediments associated with Sta. 15, the type locality off Charleston, SC, were sampled on only two surveys (Blake et al. 1987). Samples were collected in water depths of 1944–2003 m: SA-4 (May 1985) and SA-5 (Sep 1985). The sediments consisted of 64.1% sand and 35.9% silt + clay on SA-4 and 62.3% sand and 37.7 % silt + clay on SA-5 (Blake et al. 1987). Thus, the sediments were about 2/3 sand and 1/3 silt + clay. The fauna was dominated by Microrbinia linea Hartman, 1965 a common threadlike orbiniid polychaete that was often the most abundant invertebrate in benthic samples in 2000–3000 m depths throughout U.S. South Atlantic study area (Blake et al. 1987; Blake 2021). Caulleriella filiformia n. sp. ranked sixth out of the 20 most abundant taxa, but comprised only 2.8 % of the total fauna (Blake &amp; Grassle 1994). Sites off New England where C. filiformia n. sp. was collected were in depths of 2055–2193 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet filiformia is an adjective derived from the Latin, filum, a thread, in reference to the thin, threadlike body of this species.</p> <p>Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, off New England to the Carolinas, 1944–2185 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFD5961DFF4BFF05FB57FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
03B287CBFFD09613FF4BF9A4FD74FA0F.text	03B287CBFFD09613FF4BF9A4FD74FA0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella nobska Blake 2021	<div><p>Caulleriella nobska new species</p> <p>Figure 3</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5CAAF2EE-99DC-4064-AABD-0C7750F04D49</p> <p>Material examined. (71 specimens) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.656&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.51433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.656/lat 41.51433)">Northeastern</a> USA, off Nobska Point, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, coll. Oct 1975, N.J. Maciolek, 41°30.86ʹN, 70°39.36ʹW. ca. 5–10 m, holotype (MCZ 161683), 70 paratypes (MCZ 161684).</p> <p>Description. A moderately sized species, with long narrow body widest in middle segments; holotype complete, with 88 setigers, 21.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide across anterior setigers, 0.44 mm wide across middle setigers, narrowing again in posterior setigers. Body rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally with shallow mid-ventral groove extending from peristomium to posterior segments (Fig. 3A). Color in alcohol opaque white to light tan; most specimens with light brown cast in middle segments; some specimens with dark brown spots or short bands in variable patterns along body, but not consistent.</p> <p>Pre-setiger region long, narrow, as long as first 3½ setigers (Fig. 3A–B). Prostomium triangular in dorsal view, tapering to pointed tip (Fig. 3B), relatively narrow in lateral ventral view (Fig. 3A); nuchal organs semicircular grooves on lateral posterior margin; eyespots absent. Peristomium long, narrow, not divided but with well-developed broad dorsal crest (Fig. 3A–B); dorsal tentacles arise from posterior margin (Fig. 3A–B); first branchiae lateral to dorsal tentacles (Fig. 3A–B); second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1 and in same location on subsequent setigers (Fig. 3B).</p> <p>Parapodia reduced, with no distinct podia or postsetal lobes apparent; setae arising directly from body wall. Noto- and neuropodia not widely separated as in related species. Notosetae of first 10–12 setigers all capillaries; hooks first present from setigers 11–13 (13 in holotype). Neurosetae of first 9–10 setigers all capillaries; hooks first present from setigers 10–11 (11 in holotype). Capillaries of both noto- and neuropodia numbering about 8–10 in larger specimens, arranged in two rows with capillaries of first row shorter and thicker than capillaries of second row; notosetae longer than neurosetae (Fig. 3D). Capillaries with broad blades and distinct fimbriated edge with individual fibrils often separated producing the appearance of a serrated edge (Fig. 3E–H). Hooks accompanied by 1–2 capillaries for 1–3 segments, then capillaries entirely absent along body in both noto- and neuropodia (Fig. 3I). Hooks numbering one per noto- or neuropodium through first third of body, then increasing to two and three hooks in middle and posterior setigers. Hooks in noto- and neuropodial fascicles directed toward one another, vis-à-vis (Fig. 3I). Individual hooks with recurved shaft tapering to distinct bidentate apex; main fang directed at about 45° to shaft with short pointed apical tooth; hood and sheath absent. Hooks of neuropodia appearing slightly thicker and more sigmoidally curved (Fig. 3L–M) than those of notopodia (Fig. 3J–K).</p> <p>Pygidium with two simple lobes; anal cirri absent (Fig 3C).</p> <p>Methyl Green staining. No pattern.</p> <p>Remarks. Unlike most shallow-water species of Caulleriella, C. nobska n. sp. has a long narrow body lacking a distinct separation of the thorax and abdomen. The peristomium is unusually long and bears a prominent dorsal crest. In addition, the noto- and neuropodia are only moderately separated from one another. However, the nature of the recurved bidentate hooks is similar to other species where a hood or sheath is lacking.</p> <p>Caulleriella nobska n. sp. is most similar to C. venefica, another species from the northeastern United States that is widespread on the continental shelf. Both species have a pointed prostomium, an elongate, smooth peristomium with a dorsal crest, and bidentate hooks lacking a crest or sheath. Caulleriella nobska n. sp. differs from C. venefica in having a shorter prostomium, up to three hooks in posterior neuropodia instead of two, and no anal cirri on the pygidium instead of two cirri. In addition, the bidentate hooks of C. venefica as illustrated by Doner &amp; Blake (2006) and as observed in this study, have the main fang at a more acute angle than the 45° angle observed in C. nobska n. sp. and C. venefica may have a single thin capillary seta accompanying the hooks in middle and posterior setigers instead of capillaries being entirely absent in posterior setigers of C. nobska n. sp.</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet is from the collecting locality off Nobska Point, a promontory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and the location of a historic lighthouse.</p> <p>Distribution. Massachusetts, shallow subtidal.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFD09613FF4BF9A4FD74FA0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
03B287CBFFDE9610FF4BFA7CFCFBFA53.text	03B287CBFFDE9610FF4BFA7CFCFBFA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella pintada Blake 2021	<div><p>Caulleriella pintada new species</p> <p>Figures 4–5</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE3FC01F-8A0A-4D02-87C0-D31C1DF978F5</p> <p>Caulleriella sp. 3: Blake et al. 1987: C-2 (in part); Blake &amp; Grassle, 1994: 854–855; Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part).</p> <p>Material examined. (83 specimens). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.254&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.5375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.254/lat 32.5375)">Southeastern</a> USA, off Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. South ACSAR Program, J.A. Blake, collector: Sta. 14A: Cruise SA-5, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, 20 Sep 1985, 32°32.25ʹN, 77°15.24ʹW, 600 m holotype (USNM 1642599), 40 paratypes (USNM 1642600); Rep. 2, 20 Sep 1985, 32°32.26ʹN, 77°15.29ʹW, 605 m, 21 paratypes (USNM 1642601); Rep. 3, 20 Sep 1985, 32°32.22ʹN, 77°15.31ʹW, 605 m, 20 paratypes (USNM 1642602).</p> <p>Description.A moderately large, elongate, threadlike species with body generally narrow throughout (Figs. 4A– B; 5A, C); some groups of anterior setigers variably inflated, but overall consistently narrow throughout, narrowest in far posterior setigers. Holotype complete, 11.2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide across anteriormost segments, about 0.2 mm wide in mid-body and posterior segments, with 67 setigerous segments. Anterior and middle setigers relatively short, about twice as wide as long (Fig. 4B); posterior setigers about as wide as long, weakly moniliform (Fig. 5F); some specimens with eggs in middle segments (Fig. 5G). Venter with shallow groove in anterior and middle segments, sometimes outlined with dark pigment (Fig. 4A); dorsal surface rounded throughout. Color in alcohol opaque white to light tan; larger specimens with dark brown to black pigment in variable patterns, sometimes outlining parapodia or ventral groove; pigment intense on some specimens including holotype (Figs. 4A, D, 5A), lighter on others; smallest specimens generally not exhibiting pigment.</p> <p>Pre-setiger region elongate, cylindrical, up to as long as first five setigers in holotype and largest paratypes (Figs. 4A–B, 5A, C); some specimens with peristomium medially inflated (Fig. 5C–D). Prostomium conical, tapering to bluntly rounded apex (Figs. 4A–B, 5A, C–D); eyespots absent; nuchal organs low mounds at posterior-lateral margins prostomium. Peristomium indistinctly separated from prostomium, with no visible annular rings, entire surface smooth, or wrinkled in larger specimens (Figs. 4A–B, 5A, C–D); paired dorsal tentacles arising from near posterior margin (Fig. 4A–B). First branchiae arising dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1; subsequent branchiae in similar position. Most branchiae missing or limited to scars, when retained branchiae long and thin.</p> <p>Parapodia reduced, weakly developed podia present only in anterior-most setigers, thereafter no podial lobes or lamellae observed, with setae arising directly from body wall. Notosetae of anteriormost setigers with 4–5 capillaries; notoacicular bidentate hooks first present from setiger 8 in holotype; with one hook at first, increasing to two hooks through mid-body segments, usually accompanied by 1–2 thin capillaries; posterior setigers with 2–3 hooks and 1–2 thin capillaries. Neuropodia with 4–5 long capillaries on setigers 1–4, replaced by bidentate hooks from setiger 5; one hook at first increasing to 2–3 hooks through mid-body segments; with 3–5 hooks in posterior setigers; neuropodial hooks accompanied 1–2 thin capillaries. Hooks in noto- and neuropodial fascicles directed toward one another, vis-à-vis. Individual hooks with relatively thick shaft, weakly curved, tapering to blunt-tipped main fang directed at about 45° with shaft (Figs. 4D–E, 5H–I); apical tooth smaller, point conforming to curve of shaft, directed forward and appearing to be an extension of an ‘alate’ flange or hood on the convex side of shaft (Fig. 4D–E). Neuropodial hooks heavier and shorter (Figs. 4E, 5H) than notopodial hooks (Figs. 4D, 5I).</p> <p>Pygidium a simple lobe bearing two ventral anal cirri (Figs. 4C, 5B, E).</p> <p>Methyl Green staining. No pattern.</p> <p>Remarks. Specimens identified as Caulleriella sp. 3 during the ACSAR program actually include two different species: (1) C. pintada n. sp., which appears to be restricted to sandy sediments at 600 m off South Carolina, and (2) C. filiformia n. sp., which occurred in fine-grained sediments along the 2000 m isobath off North and South Carolina and off New England.</p> <p>Caulleriella pintada n. sp. is unusual among species of Caulleriella in the nature of the elongate narrow peristomium that consists of a single ring that is distinctly wrinkled and pigmented in larger specimens. The body has brown to black pigment in variable patterns along the body; this pigment is intense on the holotype and most paratypes. This species, like C. filiformia n. sp., has bidentate setae with an apical tooth that is an extension of an ‘alate’ hood or flange on the convex side of the shaft, but differs in having the elongate pre-setiger region, branchiae from the posterior margin of the peristomium instead of setiger 1, and distinct pigmentation.</p> <p>Biology and Habitat. Cruise SA-5, was the only ACSAR survey on which samples were collected at Sta. 14A. The results presented by Blake et al. (1987) and Blake &amp; Grassle (1994) indicate that Caulleriella pintada n. sp. (as Caulleriella sp. 3) was the most abundant invertebrate species encountered at the site with 14% of the total number of individuals. The sediment consisted of 94–95% sand with low water content. The coarse grain size of the sediments at Sta. 14A appears to be important for this species because it was not encountered at other 600 m stations off Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras where the sediments have a high silt + clay content. Several paratypes were mature females with eggs about 100–110 µm in diameter (Fig. 5G).</p> <p>Etymology. The epithet pintada, is from the Spanish pintado, for painted or mottled, referring to the irregular pigmentation patterns found on the larger specimens of this species.</p> <p>Distribution. Off Charleston, South Carolina, 600– 605 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFDE9610FF4BFA7CFCFBFA53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
03B287CBFFDD9614FF4BF980FAE6F99B.text	03B287CBFFDD9614FF4BF980FAE6F99B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella rodmani Blake 2021	<div><p>Caulleriella rodmani new species</p> <p>Figures 6–7</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4AA5F36-4C99-4055-81C8-96D30D0316AA</p> <p>Caulleriella sp. 1: Blake et al. 1987: C-2; Maciolek et al.1987a: D-2; Hilbig 1994: 194.</p> <p>Material Examined. (70 specimens) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.84133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55317/lat 38.84133)">Off</a> New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. Rosemarie Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 5: Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 2, 16 May 1985, 38°50.48ʹN, 72°33.19ʹW, 2080 m, holotype (USNM 1642603); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55383/lat 38.841)">Rep.</a> 1, 16 May 1985, 38°50.46ʹN, 72°33.23ʹW, 2080 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642604); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85567/lat 38.614666)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 3, May 1984, 38°36.88ʹN, 72°51.34ʹW, 2055 m, paratype (USNM 1642605); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-33.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -33.04/lat 38.840332)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 5 Dec 1984, 38°50.42ʹN, 72°, 33.04ʹW, 2085 m, (1, USNM 1642606); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.553/lat 38.840668)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 3 Aug 1985, 38°50.44ʹN, 72°33.18ʹW, 2077, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642607). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.881165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.599834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.881165/lat 38.599834)">Sta.</a> 1: Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.99ʹN, 72°52.87ʹW, 2194 m (1, USNM 1642608); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8855/lat 38.598)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 3, 17 May 1985, 38°35.88ʹN, 72°53.13ʹW, 2195 m, paratype (USNM 1642609). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.893&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.59617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.893/lat 38.59617)">Sta.</a> 2: Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 1, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.77ʹN, 72°53.58ʹW, 2019 m (1, USNM 1642610); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89484/lat 38.594666)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 3, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.68ʹN, 72°53.69ʹW, 2015 m (3, USNM 1642611). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68467/lat 38.74)">Sta.</a> 4: Cruise Mid-3, Rep. 3, 05 Dec 1983, 38°44.40ʹN, 72°41.08ʹW, 2105 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642612); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68767/lat 38.740833)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 2, 16 May 1985, 38°44.45ʹN, 72°41.26ʹW, 2091 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642613); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.7405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68733/lat 38.7405)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 3 Aug 1985, 38°44.43ʹN, 72°41.24ʹW, 2095 m, paratype (USNM 1642614); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68767/lat 38.74)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 3, 11 Nov. 1985, 38°44.40ʹN, 72°41.26ʹW, 2105 m (1, USNM 1642615). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.05133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.05133/lat 39.094166)">Sta.</a> 6: Cruise Mid-3, Rep. 3, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.65ʹN, 72°03.08ʹW, 2085 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642616). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05717/lat 38.455)">Sta.</a> 7: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 3, 06 May 1984, 38°27.30ʹN, 73°03.43ʹW. 2100 m, (1, USNM 1642617); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.059&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.059/lat 38.455334)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 2, 07 Aug 1985, 38°27.32ʹN, 73°03.54ʹW, 2095 m, paratype (USNM 1642618); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.059&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.059/lat 38.455166)">Rep.</a> 3, 07 Aug 1985, 38°27.31ʹN, 73°03.54ʹW, 2088 m, (2, USNM 1642619); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05967/lat 38.454834)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 1, 14 Nov 1985, 38°27.29ʹN, 73°03.58ʹW, 2096 m, paratype (USNM 1642620). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08483/lat 38.456)">Sta.</a> 8: Cruise Mid- 1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36ʹN, 73°05.09ʹW, 2148 m, paratype (USNM 1642621); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08017/lat 38.456)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36ʹN, 73°04.81ʹW, 2150 m, paratype (USNM 1642622); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.079834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4535" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.079834/lat 38.4535)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.21ʹN, 73°04.79ʹW, 2159 m (1, USNM 1642623); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.079834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.079834/lat 38.4525)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 3, 01 Dec 1984, 38°27.15ʹN, 73°04.79ʹW, 2155 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642624). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.23967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.286667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.23967/lat 38.286667)">Sta.</a> 9: Cruise Mid-3, Rep. 1, 30 Nov. 1984, 38°17.20ʹN, 73°14.38ʹW, 2110 m (1, USNM 1642625); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.286667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24416/lat 38.286667)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 2, 18 May 1985, 38°17.20ʹN, 73°14.65ʹW, 2105 m, paratype (USNM 1642626). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.243835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.243835/lat 38.287334)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 08 Aug 1984, 38°17.24ʹN, 73°14.63ʹW, 2100 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642627); Cruise Mid-6, Rep. 1, 16 Nov 1985, 38°17.24ʹN, 73°14.92ʹ, 2108 m, (1, USNM 1642628). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.33283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.33283/lat 37.8625)">Sta.</a> 10: Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 2, 19 May 1985, 37°51.75ʹN, 73°19.97ʹW, 2095 m, paratype (USNM 1642629). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.669" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.941/lat 38.669)">Sta.</a> 11, Cruise Mid-5, Rep. 3, 06 Aug 1985, 38°40.14ʹN, 72°56.46ʹW, 1502 m, (1, USNM 1642630). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.703835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.703835/lat 38.489)">Sta.</a> 12: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 8 May 1984, 38°29.34ʹN, 72°42.23ʹW, 2501 m, paratype (USNM 1642631); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.70316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.488834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.70316/lat 38.488834)">Rep.</a> 2, 8 May 1984, 38°29.33ʹN, 72°42.19ʹW, 2500 m, paratype (USNM 1642632); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.7055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.7055/lat 38.487)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 3, 14 Nov. 1985, 38°29.22ʹN, 72°42.33ʹW, 2499 m, paratype (USNM 1642633).— <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04366&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.926666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04366/lat 38.926666)">Off</a> New Jersey, U.S. EPA DWD-106 Site Survey, Sta. G, Rep. 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.60ʹN, 72°02.62ʹW, 2509 m (2, MCZ 161720).— <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4975/lat 40.084667)">Off New</a> England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 25 Apr 1985, 41°01.38ʹN, 66°20.18ʹw, 1340 m, 3 paratypes USNM 1642634). Sta. 5: Cruise NA-3, Rep. 2, 04 Jul 1985, 40°05.08ʹN, 67°29.85ʹW, 2060 m, (1, USNM 1642635); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.497665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.497665/lat 40.08433)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 1, 25 Nov 1985, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.86ʹW, 2074 m (1, USNM 1642636); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.49683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.0845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.49683/lat 40.0845)">Rep.</a> 3, 25 Nov 1985, 40°05.07ʹN, 67°29.81ʹW, 2071 m (1, USNM 1642637); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.499&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.499/lat 40.08433)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1986, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.94ʹW, 2052 m, paratype (USNM 1642638); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.48717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.48717/lat 40.084835)">Sta.</a> 6: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 05 Nov 1984, 40°05.09ʹN, 67°29.23ʹW, 2117 m, paratype (USNM 1642639); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-29.99&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -29.99/lat 40.084)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.04ʹN, 67.° 29.99ʹW, 2108 m, paratype (USNM 1642640); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4855/lat 40.08383)">Rep.</a> 2, 25 Apr 1985, 40°05.03ʹN, 67°29.13ʹW, 2108 m (1, USNM 1642641); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4855/lat 40.08433)">Rep.</a> 3, 25 Apr 1985, 40°05.06ʹN, 67°29.13ʹW, 2107 m, paratype (USNM 1642642). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.172832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62383/lat 40.172832)">Sta.</a> 8: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°10.37ʹN, 67°37.43ʹW, 2175 m, paratype (USNM 1642643); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62067/lat 40.170166)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 1, 25 Nov 1985, 40°10.21ʹN, 67°37.24ʹW, 2184 m (1, USNM 1642644); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62217/lat 40.170834)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 2, 25 Nov. 1985, 40°10.25ʹN, 67°37.33ʹW, 2179 m (1, USNM 1642645). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.02634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.8405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.02634/lat 39.8405)">Sta.</a> 9: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 03 May 1985, 39°50.43ʹN, 70°01.58ʹW, 1235 m (1, USNM 1642646); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.027336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.027336/lat 39.840332)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 May 1985, 39°50.42ʹN, 70°01.64ʹW, 1225 m (1, USNM 1642647). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.088165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.801666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.088165/lat 39.801666)">Sta.</a> 10: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 13 Nov 1984, 39°48.10ʹN, 70°05.29ʹW, 1234 m, paratype (USNM 1642648); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.08733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.802" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.08733/lat 39.802)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 3, 03 May 1985, 39°48.12ʹN, 70°05.24ʹW, 1210 m (2, USNM 1642649); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.088165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.8015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.088165/lat 39.8015)">Cruise</a> NA-6, Rep. 3, 28 Jul 1986, 39°48.09ʹN, 70°05.29ʹW, 1228 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642650). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90466&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.804165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90466/lat 39.804165)">Sta.</a> 13: Cruise NA-6, Rep. 3, 30 Jul 1986, 39°48.25ʹN, 70°54.28ʹW, 1273 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642651). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.682167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9035/lat 39.682167)">Sta.</a> 14: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 05 May 1985, 39°40.93ʹN, 70°54.21ʹW, 2092 m (2, USNM 1642652). <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.66783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9045/lat 39.66783)">Sta.</a> 15: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 05 May 1985, 39°40.07ʹN, 70°54.27ʹW, 2145 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1642653); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.668335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90517/lat 39.668335)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 3, 06 May 1986, 39°40.10ʹN, 70°54.31ʹW, 2140 m, paratype (USNM 1642654).— Southeastern USA, U.S. South Atlantic ACSAR program, Off Cape Fear, North Carolina, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 12: Cruise SA-5, Rep. 1, 22 Sept 1985, 33°99.36ʹN, 76°97.27ʹW, 2004 m, paratype (USNM 1642655).</p> <p>Description. A small, threadlike species; most specimens between 2.5 and 7 mm long. Holotype complete, 5.15 mm long, 0.07 mm across peristomium, 0.05 across far posterior setigers, with 24 setigers; large paratype a male, (USNM 1642634) complete in two parts, 7.27 mm long, 0.12 mm wide across peristomium, with 31 setigers. First 3–5 segments short, narrow, oval in shape, up to 1.5 times long as wide (Figs. 6A, C, 7A–E); following segments becoming elongated, moniliform, up to three to five times as long as wide (Figs. 6A, C–D, 7A–B); last 2–3 segments narrowing, bearing rounded pygidial lobe (Figs. 6B, 7F). Body generally cylindrical in cross section, no evidence of dorsal or ventral grooves. Color in alcohol; opaque white, with no pigment on body; most specimens with few to many elongate dark fecal masses (pellets) in middle setigers (Fig. 7A–B).</p> <p>Pre-setiger region narrow, tapering anteriorly, up to twice as long as wide. Prostomium, triangular, weakly set off from peristomium, conical tapering to narrow, apex (Figs. 6A, C, 7C–E); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits on posterior lateral margins of prostomium, difficult to observe with light microscope. Peristomium smooth, with no apparent annular rings (Fig. 6A, C). Dorsal tentacles arise from posterior margin of peristomium (Figs. 6A–B, 7A, C, E). First pair of branchiae on setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae (Fig. 6C); subsequent branchiae in same location; branchiae or stubs only rarely observed on small specimens. Dorsal tentacles and branchiae when present long, thin, weakly expanded apically.</p> <p>Parapodia reduced with setae appearing to arise directly from body wall. Noto- and neuropodia distinctly separated from one another, separation not as wide in anterior segments. Capillaries present throughout; anterior notosetae numbering 3–4 per fascicle, longer than neurosetae, which number 2 or 3 per fascicle. Neuropodial bidentate hooks first present from setiger 3–6; hooks numbering one per fascicle at first, increasing to no more than two hooks over last 10–12 setigers, accompanied by 1–2 capillaries throughout. Notopodial bidentate hooks first present from far posterior setiger 21, with one hook at first, second hook present or absent in posterior-most segments; smallest specimens lacking notopodial hooks. Individual hooks with thickened, weakly curved shaft, tapering to bidentate tip with main fang and apical tooth each about same length (Fig. 6G); hood or sheath absent.</p> <p>Far posterior segments narrowing to a rounded, bulbous pygidium (Figs. 6B, 7F); anal cirri absent.</p> <p>Methyl Green staining. No pattern.</p> <p>Remarks. The majority of 70 specimens identified as C. rodmani n. sp. from the U.S. Atlantic continental slope are small and rarely exceeded more than one specimen per 0.09 m 2 box core sample. The specimens are so thin that after being emptied from the sample vials into a clean Stender dish with alcohol, they can often only be located visually after a careful search; if specimens cannot be located, the entire dish needs to be searched using the stereomicroscope; the labels and cotton plugs may also need to be rinsed and examined.</p> <p>The long, thin, fragile body of this species indicates it is meiofaunal in habitat and that most specimens were likely not retained on the 0.3-mm-mesh-sieves used in the ACSAR program. The largest paratype was the only specimen determined to be sexually mature; it is a male with numerous sperm packets in the coelom.</p> <p>Caulleriella rodmani n. sp. is closely related to C. filiformia n. sp., another threadlike species with which it may occur. In C. rodmani n. sp. the first pair of branchiae arise on setiger 1, dorsal to the notosetae, whereas in C. filiformia n. sp. the first branchiae are lateral to the dorsal tentacles on the posterior margin of the peristomium, with the second pair on setiger 1 dorsal to the notosetae. Rounded or moniliform segments typically occur along the entire of body of C. filiformia n. sp., while only the first 3–5 thoracic segments of C. rodmani n. sp. are rounded. Two short anal cirri occur on the pygidial segment of C. filiformia n. sp., whereas the pygidium of C. rodmani n. sp. is rounded and lacks anal cirri. In addition, the bidentate hooks of the two species are different. In C. filiformia n. sp. the apical tooth is an extension of an ‘alate’ hood or flange on the convex side of the shaft, whereas in C. rodmani n. sp., the apical tooth directly emerges from the end of the shaft and is not associated with a hood or flange. The dark elongate fecal pellets found in the intestine on most specimens assist in recognition.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for Dr. James E. Rodman, retired Program Director, Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation. Dr. Rodman initiated the PEET (Partnerships for Enhancement and Expertise in Taxonomy) Program and provided funding to this author for the study of polychaetes and training of students.</p> <p>Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental Slope from off New England to North Carolina, 1210–2509 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFDD9614FF4BF980FAE6F99B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
03B287CBFFD99609FF4BF9C8FCC8FD5F.text	03B287CBFFD99609FF4BF9C8FCC8FD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella venefica Doner & Blake 2006	<div><p>Caulleriella venefica Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p> <p>Figure 8</p> <p>Caulleriella B: Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985: B-5.</p> <p>Caulleriella venefica Doner &amp; Blake 2006: 66–67, Figs. 1, 5B, E; Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019: 382–383, Fig. 7.3.1.5.17B.</p> <p>Material examined. (406 specimens) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.445625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.548203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.445625/lat 40.548203)">Northeastern</a> USA. New York, Atlantic Ocean, off Jones Beach, Long Island, coll. I. P. Williams: Sta. 02-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°32.8921′N, 73°26.7373′W, 53.6 m (50, MCZ 161685); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.436745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.537624" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.436745/lat 40.537624)">Sta.</a> 04-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°32.2574′N, 73°26.2046′W, 61.4 m (11, MCZ 161686); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.42025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.552937" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.42025/lat 40.552937)">Sta.</a> 11-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°33.1763′N, 73°25.2151′W, 67.1 m (12, MCZ 161687); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.414474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.533955" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.414474/lat 40.533955)">Sta.</a> 13-1, 26 Aug 2005, 40°32.0373′N, 73°24.8685′W, 65.0 m (10, MCZ 161688); Sta. 14-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°32.8649′N, 73°24.6780′W, 57.9 m (27, MCZ 161689); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3431&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.574345" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3431/lat 40.574345)">Sta.</a> 18-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°34.4606′N, 73°20.5860′W, 62.1 m (10, MCZ 161690); Sta. 20-1, 26 Aug 2005, 40°32.5438′N, 73°23.8709′W, 55.7 m (12, MCZ 161691); Sta. 28-1, 26 Aug 2005, 40°33.7790′N, 73°19.4410′W, 62.9 m (16, MCZ 161692); Sta. 29-1, 26 Aug 2005, 40°32.5810′N, 73°22.4412′W, 63.0 m (12, MCZ 161693); Sta. 32-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°34.0382′N, 73°22.0921′W, 60.0 m (23, MCZ 161694); Sta. 35-1, 26 Aug 2005, 40°32.9924′N, 73°21.5735′W, 62.9 m (10, MCZ 161695); Sta. 37-1, 26 Aug 2005, 40°33.9938′N, 73°21.0607′W, 57.9 m (7, MCZ 161696); Sta. 61-1, 27 Aug 2005, 40°33.3697′N, 73°23.7731′W, 60.0 m (15, MCZ 161697).— Connecticut, Millstone, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.39622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.55616" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.39622/lat 40.55616)">Power Plant Effluent</a>, coll. Battelle field team, Jun 1979, 41°18.48′N, 72°9.96′W, 15–20 m in sand: sample 1701 (1, MCZ 161698); 1702 (7, MCZ 161699); 1705 (3, MCZ 161700); 1707 (1, MCZ 161701), 1708 (8, MCZ 1617012); 1709 (3, MCZ 161703).— Off Massachusetts, Georges Bank, MMS <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.308" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.166/lat 41.308)">Benthic Infauna Monitoring Program</a>, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist: Sta. 2: Cruise M 1, Rep 4, Jul 1981, 40°59.0′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m (5, USNM 1642656); Cruise M 2, Rep. 6, 14 Nov 1981, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.9′W, 70 m (1, USNM 1642657); Cruise M 4, Rep. 1, 12 May 1982, 40°59.1′N, 66°55.9′W, 66 m (1, USNM 1642658); Rep. 2 (7, USNM 1642659); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.93166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.93166/lat 40.985)">Rep.</a> 3 (3, USNM 1642660); Cruise M 6, Rep. 1, 22 Nov 1982, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.9′W, 71 m (6, USNM 1642661); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.93166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.986668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.93166/lat 40.986668)">Rep.</a> 2, (5, 1642662); Cruise M 7, Rep. 1, 07 Feb 1983, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.9′W, 71 m (1, USNM 1642663); Rep. 3, (5, USNM 1642664); Rep. 4 (5, USNM 1642665); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.93166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.986668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.93166/lat 40.986668)">Rep.</a> 5 (2, USNM 1642666); Rep. 6 (2, USNM 1642667); Cruise M 8, Rep. 1, 13 May 1983, 40°59.3′N, 66°55.9′W, 73 m (1, USNM 1642668); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.93166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.988335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.93166/lat 40.988335)">Rep.</a> 3 (1, USNM 1642669); Cruise M 9, Rep. 1, 14 Jul 1983, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m (2, USNM 1642670); Rep. 2 (6, USNM 1642671); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.93&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.986668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.93/lat 40.986668)">Rep.</a> 3 (1, USNM 1642672); Rep. 4 (3, USNM 1642673); Cruise M 10, Rep. 1, 15 Nov 1983, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m (2, USNM 1642674); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.93&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.986668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.93/lat 40.986668)">Rep.</a> 5 (4, USNM 1642675). Sta. 5-1: Cruise M 1, Rep. 2, Jul 1981, 40°39.4′N, 67°46.4′W, 81 m (4, USNM 1642676); Rep. 3 (3, USNM 1642677); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.77333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.656666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.77333/lat 40.656666)">Rep.</a> 5 (2, USNM 1642678); Cruise M 2, Rep. 4, 19 Nov 1981, 40°39.5′N, 67°45.7′W, 81 m (3, USNM 1642679); Cruise M 3, Rep. 4, 15 Feb. 1982, 40°39.6′N, 67°45.9′W, 81 m (6, USNM 1642680); Cruise M 4, Rep. 2, 14 May 1982, 40°39.5′N, 67°45.8′W, 80 m (4, USNM 1642681); Rep. 3 (12, USNM 1642682); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.763336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.763336/lat 40.658333)">Rep.</a> 4 (3, USNM 1642683); Rep. 6 (5, USNM 1642684); Cruise M 5, Rep. 3, 26 Jul 1982, 40°39.5′N, 67°45.9′W, 75 m (3, USNM 1642685); Cruise M 7, Rep. 2, 10 Feb 1983, 40°39.5′N, 67°45.9′W, 81 m (6, USNM 1642686); Cruise M 8, Rep. 1, 17 May 1983, 40°39.5′N, 67°45.9′W, 81 m (3, USNM 1642687); Rep. 2 (4, USNM 1642688); Rep. 4 (5, USNM 1642689); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.765/lat 40.658333)">Rep.</a> 5 (5, USNM 1642690); Rep. 6 (3, USNM 1642691); Cruise M 9, Rep. 4, 16 Jul 1983, 40°39.5′N, 67°46.2′W, 84 m (7, USNM 1642692); Rep. 5 (4, USNM 1642693); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.77&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.77/lat 40.658333)">Rep.</a> 6 (5, USNM 1642694); Cruise M 10, Rep. 1, 16 Nov 1983, 40°39.5′N, 67°46.2′W, 84 m (11, USNM 1642695); Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1642696); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.77&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.77/lat 40.658333)">Rep.</a> 6 (2, USNM 1642697). Sta. 9: Cruise M 10, Rep. 1, 19 Nov 1983, 40°26.7′N, 68°09.8′W, 144 m (1, USNM 1642698). Sta. 15: Cruise M 1, Rep. 4, Jul 1981, 41°27.2′N, 68°00.7′W, 37 m (7, USNM 1642699); Rep. 5 (2, USNM 1642700); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.011665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.011665/lat 41.453335)">Rep.</a> 6 (4, USNM 1642701); Cruise M 2, Rep. 1, 15 Nov. 1981, 41°27.4′N, 68°00.5′W, 37 m (1, USNM 1642702); Rep. 2 (2, USNM 1642703); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.00833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.456665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.00833/lat 41.456665)">Rep.</a> 3 (1, USNM 1642704). Sta. 16: Cruise M 1, Rep. 2, Jul 1981, 40°34.2′N, 68°012.3′W, 142 m (1, USNM 1642705); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.205/lat 40.57)">Sta.</a> 17: Cruise M 8, Rep. 3, 16 May 1983, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.3′W, 141 m (1, USNM 1642706).— Specimens for SEM: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18833/lat 40.583332)">Georges Bank Sta.</a> 5-28: Cruise M 10, Rep. 4, 13 Nov. 1983, 40°39.5′N, 67°41.7′W, 84 m (4, USNM 1642707).</p> <p>Description. A moderately-sized species, 11–15 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide for 95–105 setigers. Body long, thickened throughout with narrow, crowded segments. Body dorsoventrally flattened with narrow ventral groove; typically coiled in preservation. Longitudinal muscles apparent along medial dorsal surface. Color in alcohol light tan to brown; no obvious pigmentation except dark internal area in prostomium, possibly indistinct nuchal pigmentation.</p> <p>Pre-setiger region as long as first eight setigers. Prostomium unusually long, narrow, tapering to pointed tip (Fig. 8A–E); eyes absent; nuchal organs elongate lateral slits on posterior lateral margin. Peristomium enlarged, an achaetous single ring with one or two lateral grooves not crossing dorsum; surmounted by prominent dorsal crest extending from posterior margin of prostomium to setiger 1. Dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin of peristomium; first pair of branchiae located posterior and lateral to tentacles; second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae, continuing throughout. Dorsal tentacles thick with ciliated groove; branchiae long, thin.</p> <p>Parapodia of anterior setigers reduced to low rounded lobes, becoming low vertical ridges on segments with hooks; noto- and neuropodia widely separated. Notosetae of anterior setigers 4–6 thickened capillaries; bidentate hooks first present from setiger 13–14, with capillaries reduced to a single threadlike seta or entirely absent; up to two hooks per notopodium. Neuropodia with a single bidentate hook from setiger 9–10, increasing to two hooks per fascicle in posterior segments with single threadlike capillary. Hooks of noto- and neuropodia directed toward each other vis-á-vis; hooks with shaft curved on concave side; main fang with apical tooth narrow, short, hood absent (Fig. 8G–H).</p> <p>Posterior end narrow, tapering; pygidium with two short anal cirri (Fig. 8A, I).</p> <p>Methyl Green staining. Body stains uniformly; anterior half of prostomium not staining.</p> <p>Remarks. Caulleriella venefica, an offshore shelf species, is most similar locally to C. nobska n. sp., a nearshore species. Both species share a pointed prostomium, an elongate peristomium with a dorsal crest, and bidentate hooks that lack a hood or sheath. However, the prostomium of C. venefica is longer, narrower, and more acutely pointed than that of C. nobska n. sp. Caulleriella venefica has maximally two instead of three hooks in posterior neuropodia and there are two anal cirri instead of none. In addition, the bidentate hooks of C. venefica have the main fang at a more acute angle than the 45° angle observed in C. nobska n. sp. Caulleriella venefica has a single thin capillary seta accompanying the hooks in middle and posterior setigers instead of these being entirely absent in C. nobska n. sp. The additional records recorded here suggest that the species is widespread throughout the northeastern United States in continental shelf depths having sandy sediments.</p> <p>Biology and Habitat. On Georges Bank, Caulleriella venefica inhabits sediments having98–99%sand, consisting of primarily very coarse to medium-sized sand particles (Maciolek et al. 1985). The long pointed prostomium and narrow elongate body suggest that the species is adapted to burrowing through these larger sediment particles. Other specimens examined as part of this study are also from sediments having high sand inventories.</p> <p>Distribution. Northeastern US continental shelf, 35– 145 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CBFFD99609FF4BF9C8FCC8FD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2021): New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4990 (2): 253-279, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3
