taxonID	type	description	language	source
E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988.taxon	materials_examined	GREECE: Crete, Lasithi, Kato Zakros, N 35.1, E 026.25, 5 m a. s. l., 15 viii 1991, leg. Heller & Volleth (CH 2296; Fig. 4 A, Fig 6 A). Crete, Lasithi, 3 km north of Maronia, south of Sitia, N 35.167, E 26.083, 100 m a. s. l., 15 viii 1991, leg. K. - G. Heller (CH 2897); sound record in Cigliano et al. 2021. Crete, Chania, Chora Sfakion, N 35.201, E 024.143, 100 m a. s. l., 25 v 2016, leg. M. Heller (CH 8226 – 9, 2 males, 2 females, all recorded; Fig. 2, 4 B, C, D). Crete, Chania, Skaloti, N 35.1969, E 024.2597, 21 v 2018, leg. D. Chobanov (Fig. 3). GREECE: Peloponnese, Messinia: Pilos, [N 36.913, E 021.696], 14 vii 87, leg. & recorded F. Willemse (studied by Heller 1988 and figured in Ragge & Reynolds 1998; recording probably overload). In the field, the songs of all our specimens were recorded in the evening or at night. They consisted of long sequences of syllables (largest recorded duration of a sequence 203 s). The syllables follow each other quite closely (Fig. 2, 3), but are separated by short intervals during which the tegmina are motionless (Fig. 4 A). The long syllables are presented in a quite slow rhythm (SRR 0.5 – 1.2 Hz) and contain each about 100 impulses (Tab. 1) with the exception of one specimen with shorter syllables (only 41 impulses). This animal, however, has roughly the same high number of stridulatory teeth as one with ‘ normal’ song (Tab. 1). The frequency spectrum of the male calling song has a broad maximum around 15 – 20 kHz (Fig. 5) or near 30 kHz (another animal). Males and females produce also sounds when roughly handled or disturbed. These sounds are variable, but contain long series of impulses probably produced during opening and closing of the tegmina (Fig. 4 C, D) and can in males be similar to syllables of the calling song (compare Fig. 4 B and C). Compared to the other studied species, the male tegmina are intermediate in size (Fig. 6 A; from specimen preserved in ethanol) with a relatively small mirror on the right tegmen. The stridulatory file of the male is situated on the underside of the left tegmen and carries about 125 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 43 µm. The stridulatory file of the female is situated on the upper side of the concave surface of the right tegmen (Fig. 8 A). Here the teeth are quite regular (Fig. 8 B) with inter-tooth intervals about 28 µm in the middle of the file. Other short veins near to the outer edge of the tegmen carry also mostly irregular pegs, but they are certainly not used for sound production. On the left tegmen at the corresponding place a non-functional file (no scraper available) is situated (Fig. 9 A). On some veins of the upper side of the tegmina, e. g. on those framing the mirror at the posterior edge, the males have also pegs which are similar in size to that of the females (compare Fig. 8 B, C).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C713BFFE606B4FE14121EF988.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species is widespread in Crete with most localities below 450 m a. s. l. (Willemse & Kruseman 1976). It is found in dry habitats, often on low prickly bushes, as described by Willemse et al. (2018).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C713BFFE306B4F96C13A6F97B.taxon	materials_examined	ALBANIA: Durrës district, Kodra e Portës, N 41.372, E 019.422, 30 m a. s. l., 21 vii 2015, leg. G. Puskás & G. Szövényi. Sound records available in Cigliano et al. 2021, bio. acusti. ca. In the field and in captivity specimens were observed to produce sounds mostly from late afternoon to the night, but few sound productions were heard also in the morning. Song consisted of long sequences of syllables (repeated often for 3 - 4 minutes or even longer). The song (Fig. 2, 3) is similar to that of U. elegans (see Tab. 1). One (out of six) specimen produced regularly weak opening hemisyllables. Completely synchronized singing of some males was observed in captivity. The stridulatory file of the male carries about 150 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 35 µm. The male tegmina are in shape similar to U. elegans, but the mirror in the right tegmen is rather ovoid and the scraper is considerably larger. The structure and the location of the stridulatory organ in females are similar to U. elegans. In the middle of the female’s stridulatory file the inter-tooth intervals are about 21 µm.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C713BFFE306B4F96C13A6F97B.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species is described from the strict neighbourhood of Durrës in Albania, and is known so far only from this place. It inhabits the dry shrub covering the southern and western slopes of coastal hills made of pebble conglomerate west and northwest of Durrës. As it is known from the original description and was confirmed by field observations, it lives mostly on spiny rough bushes of Spartium junceum, Scolymus hispanicus, Cirsium spp and Carduus spp. and feeds on their young sprouts and flowers and on small insects as well (Karny 1918). This species is endangered by the recent touristic developments in the Adriatic coastline at Durrës, the second largest town in Albania and assessed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List (Chobanov et al. 2016).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C713FFFED06B4F8B31583FF20.taxon	materials_examined	SPAIN: Algeciras, Facinas west of Algeciras N 36.13, W 005.70, 12 viii 1984, leg. Heller. As in U. rugosicollis, male song and stridulatory organs have already been described (see Tab. 1). Placement and orientation of the female stridulatory file (Fig. 9 C) is similar to U. elegans, but the intervals between the teeth are distinctly larger (ca. 44 µm; see also Fig. 13).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C713FFFE206B4F9DB1612F93B.taxon	materials_examined	FRANCE, Roquebrun northwest of Beziers, N 43.50, E 003.06, 26 vii 1984, leg. Heller. While male song and stridulatory organs have already been described (see Tab. 1), the female structures remained unknown. The female file is in placement, orientation and tooth density quite similar to that of U. elegans (Fig. 9 B).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7130FFED06B4FBFB17F7F853.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, N of Tanacherfi, N 34.40596, W 002.65599, 735 m a. s. l., 02 vi 2013, leg. Chobanov. The nightly calling song consists of echemes with a variable number (3 – 19) of syllables (Fig. 2; syllable period 411 ± 23 ms; SRR 2.4 Hz). In these syllables, a short opening hemisyllable (47 ± 2 ms) is followed by a longer closing hemisyllable (163 ± 8 ms) containing 50 ± 2 impulses (Fig. 3), both having approximately the same amplitude. The frequency spectrum of the male calling song has a very broad maximum around 20 kHz (Fig. 5). The male tegmina are in shape similar to U. elegans, but the mirror in the right tegmen is oval, not roundish (Fig. 6 B). The male stridulatory file carries about 90 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 65 µm. The female stridulatory file (Fig. 9 D) is in structure similar to that of the other Uromenus species and in tooth density intermediate between the species of the rugosicollis group and U. agarenus. Morphology. This species has been grouped together with U. melillae Nadig, 1994, U. tobboganensis Nadig, 1994, and U. alhoceimae Nadig, 1994, into the Finoti Subgroup. The taxa within this group are distinguished based on the shape of the genital appendages. Females of the Finoti Subgroup differ from the Robustus Subgroup by the distal protuberances of the lower ovipositor valve being hump-shaped or comb-shaped and directed downwards, but also clearly outwards over the edge of the ventral edges of the ventral valve, and the copulatory area being more or less detached from the lower edge of the eighth tergite. Male 10 th tergum, epiproct, cerci and titillators are shown on Fig. 10 A 1 – 2 and Fig. 11 B. Our record seems to be the second for Morocco after Rungs (1952). Most Moroccan records of this species before Nadig’s review refer to other species of the Finoti Subgroup (Nadig 1994).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7130FFED06B4FBFB17F7F853.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species was observed in a dry ruderalized habitat dominated by bare soil with rare grass, thistles and thorny bushes (Fig. 1 J). The animals usually kept on Echinops sp. and Carthamus sp. plants. The locality fits desert or semi-desert climate — Köppen climate type BSk (Cold semi-arid) to BWk (Cold desert) (Verner et al. 2018).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7132FFEF06B4FF581438FD70.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, SW of Derdara, N 35.08957, W 005.30738, 400 m a. s. l., 24 v 2013, leg. Chobanov. Conclusions from the short recording; the calling song consists of isolated syllables (Fig. 2) which are separated by intervals of several seconds, with a short opening hemisyllable (53 ± 4 ms; n = 2) followed by a longer closing hemisyllable (105 ms with ca. 47 impulses; Fig. 3), both having approximately the same amplitude. The frequency spectrum has a relatively low and narrow maximum around 10 kHz (Fig. 5). The male tegmina (Fig. 6 C) are in shape and size similar to U. finoti. The male stridulatory file carries about 140 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 65 µm. Morphology. The species was grouped by Nadig (1994) within his Robustus Group. The species is typical with the very long male epiproct and the elongate cerci (Fig. 10 B 1). Male 10 th tergum, epiproct, cerci and titillators are shown on Fig. 10 B 1 – 2 and Fig. 11 C.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7132FFEF06B4FF581438FD70.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species was found within diverse mesoxerophyte ruderalized vegetation (bordering orchards and vineyards). The locality most probably classifies within the Köppen climate type CSa (Hot-summer mediterranean) to CSb (Warm-summer mediterranean) (Verner et al. 2018).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7132FFEF06B4FD341377FA3F.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, Ouaouizeght, N 32.13725, W 006.33720, 900 m a. s. l., 09 vi 2013, leg. Chobanov. The nightly calling song consists of echemes with 7.7 ± 1.6 (n = 6) syllables (Fig. 2; syllable period 660 ± 52 ms; SRR 1.5 Hz). In these syllables, a short opening hemisyllable (65 ± 7 ms) is followed by a longer closing hemisyllable (267 ± 8 ms) containing 64 ± 3 (n = 6) impulses (Fig. 3), both having approximately the same amplitude. The frequency spectrum of the male song has a relatively low maximum around 10 kHz. The male tegmina (Fig. 6 D) are the largest of all species studied here. Interestingly, the non-functional file on the lower side of the right tegmen can be recognised from above. The male stridulatory file carries about 110 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the teeth are widely spaced with inter-tooth intervals of about 83 µm. Morphology. This species has been grouped together with U. maroccanus (Saussure, 1898), U. vaucherianus (Saussure, 1898), U. hastatus (Saussure, 1898), U. chamaeropis Werner, 1931, and U. galvagnii Nadig, 1994, into the Robustus Subgroup. The taxa within this group are distinguished based on the shape of the genital appendages. Females of the Robustus Subgroup differ from the Finoti Subgroup by the distal protuberances of the lower ovipositor valve pointing downwards or being only slightly outcurved; the copulatory area being at the lower edge of the eighth tergite, funnel-shaped. Male 10 th tergum, epiproct, cerci and titillators are shown on Fig. 10 C 1 – 2 and Fig. 11 D. The studied specimens of this species were distinctly more robust and larger than the other taxa here reported. Ecology. Our observation of the species is from a very dry partly ruderalized habitat dominated by bare soil with rare thistles, thorny bushes and palms (Fig. 1 L). Though the locality generally fits the distribution of the Hot-summer Mediterranean climate in Morocco (Verner et al. 2018), it falls under the climate shadow of the surrounding mountains and thus may classify within the Köppen climate type BSh (Hot semi-arid).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7132FFEE06B4F9F813E5FF0D.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, S of Ain Zora, N 34.59195, W 003.63099, 935 m a. s. l., 03 vi 2013, leg. Chobanov. The nightly calling song consists of echemes with 4.2 ± 1.2 (n = 21) syllables (Fig. 2; syllable period 550 ± 30 ms; SRR 1.8 Hz). In these syllables, a short opening hemisyllable (67 ± 2 ms) is followed by a longer closing hemisyllable (310 ± 18 ms) containing 55 ± 5 impulses (Fig. 3), both having approximately the same amplitude. The frequency spectrum of the male song has a broad maximum around 20 kHz. The tegmina (Fig. 6 E) are small and the mirror in the right tegmen is roundish. The male stridulatory file carries about 105 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 63 µm. The female stridulatory file (Fig. 9 E) is very similar to that of U. finoti. Morphology. Grouped within Finoti Subgroup (Nadig 1994; see finoti). Male 10 th tergum, epiproct, cerci and titillators are shown on Fig. 10 D 1 – 2 and Fig. 11 E.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7132FFEE06B4F9F813E5FF0D.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. We found the species in a ruderal habitat (stubble of a grain plantation) within the Köppen climate type BSk (Cold semi-arid) at the border with Csa (Hot-summer Mediterranean) (Verner et al. 2018).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7133FFEE06B4FC44166DF895.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, S of Mezguitem, N 34.46791, W 003.68883, 730 m a. s. l., 03 vi 2013, leg. Chobanov. The nightly calling song consists of echemes with 28 ± 2 (n = 15) syllables (Fig. 2; syllable period 129 ± 4 ms; SRR 7.7 Hz). In these syllables, lasting 84 ± 3 ms, probably only during the closing movement of the tegmina impulses (19 ± 2) are produced (Fig. 3). The frequency spectrum of the male song has a broad maximum around 20 kHz (Fig. 5). The tegmina (Fig. 6 F) differ in shape slightly from the other studied species. In the posterior region of the right tegmen there is a network of cells only slightly smaller than the small roundish mirror. The same pattern can be seen in the left tegmen. The male stridulatory file carries 56 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2) a distinctly lower number than the other species of the genus (except U. annae). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 83 µm. The female stridulatory file (Fig. 9 F) is less strongly developed than in the other species. In the lateral part the teeth are smaller than in the central part which itself is quite short. In the inner part there are more net-like veins mostly covered with pegs than in the other species. Morphology. The species was described under Steropleurus and considered by Nadig (1995) forming its own group. The species has a very typical dorsal pattern of dark green, ochre to whitish, and darker (brownish-violet) spots and stripes (Fig. 1 R). The occiput is black (not uncommon in Ephippigerini). Male cerci have a typical shape with a long, sinuately outcurved apical part (after the internal tooth) (Fig. 10 F 1 – 2). We follow Barat (2017) and do not recognise subspecies in this widespread species. Our specimens differ in tooth number distinctly from Nadig’s Central Moroccan specimens (56 vs 80 – 90 teeth; Nadig 1994) but the type localities from both described subspecies are situated East of Morocco. The syntype of U. i. innocentii in Paris bears a label (Cigliano et al. 2021) reading „ Tunisie, Djebel Berda “, now in Algeria in the Aures Mts., while U. i. lobatus Saussure, 1898 was collected in Aïn Séfra, Algeria, in the Saharan Atlas near to the Moroccan border.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7133FFEE06B4FC44166DF895.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species occurs widely within the Mediterranean climate zone reaching even far south the Sahara desert (Hot desert climate) (Barat 2017). Our observation is from a dry ruderal habitat within the Köppen climate type BSk (Cold semi-arid) towards BWk (Cold desert) in the climatic shadow of the westwards rising Rif mountains (Verner et al. 2018).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7133FFEE06B4FEA01238FD29.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, E of Zaio, N 34.95247, W 002.59960, 115 m a. s. l., 03 vi 2013, leg. D. Chobanov The male stridulatory file carries about 73 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 63 µm. Morphology. The species was compared to U. finoti by Nadig (1994) and based on this resemblance placed in the same subgroup. Our specimens clearly resemble U. finoti by the shape of the male 10 th tergum and epiproct (Fig. 10 E 1), while cerci differ by the possession of a longer, backward pointing sharp process ending with a black tooth (Fig. 10 E 1) (lacking in U. finoti — see Fig. 10 A 2). Ecology. The species was collected in the valley of Moulouya river in a xeric semiruderal habitat of Mediterranean type (Fig. 1 Q). The locality fits the Köppen climate type BSh (Hot semi-arid) (Verner et al. 2018).	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7134FFEB06B4F8F91600FEBD.taxon	materials_examined	MOROCCO, south of Tizi’n Test pass, 30.85885 N, 008.37760 W, 1940 m a. s. l., 10 vi 2013, leg. D. Chobanov. The male stridulatory file carries about 92 teeth (Fig. 7; Tab. 2). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about 77 µm. Morphology. The species was described under (sub-) genus Steropleurus and classified together with S. (now Uromenus) cockerelli Uvarov, 1931 in the Cockerelli Species group (Nadig 1995). U. choumarae is typical with very long incurved male cerci with longer, basally very wide basal part (before the tooth) and much shorter and narrower apical part bearing a small sharp tooth at the tip (Fig. 10 G 1 – 2). Male 10 th tergum, epiproct and titillators are shown on Fig. 10 G 1 – 2 and Fig. 11 H.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
E041878C7134FFEB06B4F8F91600FEBD.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species was collected close to its type locality (Tizi’n Test pass) where it was common. The nymphs and young adults kept on bushes of Argyrocytisus battandieri and on Echinops sp. at the steep southern slopes of the southwestern High Atlas Mountains (Fig. 1 T). The high altitude of its locality with south exposition defines cooler Köppen climate type CSb (Warm-summer mediterranean) towards DSb (Warm-summer mediterranean continental) (Verner et al. 2018). The species is possibly overlooked and may have broad range in the southwestern High Atlas.	en	Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Puskás, Gellért, Szövényi, Gergely, Chobanov, Dragan P. (2021): Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 93-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.4
