taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E9879EA10CEE10FF22A95AFB7DF95E.taxon	description	Figs 1 − 25, Table 1 Types. Holotype: adult female on slide, China, Shaanxi Province, Baoji City, Taibai Mountain, Haoping Administrative Station, 34 ° 05 ′ 12 ″ N, 107 ° 42 ′ 06 ″ E, 11, July, 2012, collection number: 1102, by Yitong Ma with entomological aspirator. Paratypes: Five adult females on slides, China, Shaanxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Cuifeng Town, Qing Mountain, 34 ° 05 ′ 39 ″ N, 108 ° 02 ′ 27 ″ E, 14, July, 2012, collection number: 1109, by Yitong Ma. All deposited in NTU. Description. Body length up to 2.38 mm, holotype 2.38 mm. Ground colour pale yellow or yellow in alcohol. Eye patches dark blue. Distal part of Ant. IV and base of Ant. I with blue pigment (Figs 1 & 2). Scales. Scales spinulate type (Figs 3 & 4), present on Ant. I−II, head, terga, legs, ventral tube and ventral side of manubrium. Basal part of ventral side of dens also with scales. Head. Antennae 0.75 − 0.81 times as long as body. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.36 − 1.87: 1.36 − 1.58: 2.05 − 2.50. Distal part of Ant. IV with many smooth sensory chaetae, normal ciliate chaetae and a bilobed apical bulb (Fig. 5). Sensory organ of Ant. III as 3 − 4 rods (Fig. 6). Sensory organ of Ant. II as 2 rods (Fig. 7). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as 9 antennal (An), 4 median (M) and 8 sutural (S) mac. Ps 2 present. Interocular mes as p, r, t. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller (Figs 8 & 9). Labral setae as 4 / 5, 5, 4, all slender; prelabral chaetae ciliate, other smooth, four labral papillae with one minute denticle each (Fig. 10). Lateral process of labial palp slightly curved, with tip not reaching apex of labial papilla (Fig. 11). Labial triangular chaetae as M 1 M 2 REL 1 L 2, all ciliate and R 0.63 − 0.73 length of M 1 (Fig. 12). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thin, subequal to apical one; 3 smooth hairs on sublobal plate (Fig. 13). Thorax. Th. II with 3 (m 1, m 2, m 2 i) mac on T 1 area, 4 (m 4, m 4 i, m 4 p, m 5) mac on T 2 area, 22 − 23 posterior mac, 2 sens on each side. Th. III with 20 − 21 (p 2 ea sometimes absent) mac, 2 sens on each side (Fig. 14). Trochanteral organ with 78 − 101 smooth spiny chaetae (Fig. 15). Unguis with 4 inner teeth, one pair located 0.45 − 0.50 from base of inner edge of unguis, distal unpaired two respectively at 0.69 − 0.74 and 0.84 − 0.90 distance from base. Unguiculus acuminate and outer edge serrate. Tenent hair thick with clavate tip, longer than inner side of unguis (Figs 16 − 17). Abdomen. Abd. IV 4.00 − 5.23 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Abd. I with 7 (m 2, m 2 i, m 3, m 4, a 2, a 3, a 5) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens, ms not inner to sens. Abd. II with 2 (a 2, a 3) mac on A 1 area, 4 (m 3, m 3 e, m 3 ea, m 3 ep) mac on A 2 area, 1 (m 5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 2 (a 2, a 3) mac on A 4 area, 1 (m 3) mac on A 5 area, 5 (am 6, pm 6, p 6, m 7, p 7) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens. Abd. IV with 16 − 20 central and 21 − 22 lateral mac. Accessory mic of bothriotrichal complexes of Abd. II−IV strongly modified or scale-like (Figs 18 − 19). Ventral tube anteriorly with 46 − 48 ciliate chaetae or scales on each side, 3 of them much larger than others (Fig. 20), posteriorly not seen wholly (Fig. 21), laterally with 5 − 6 smooth and 17 − 25 (rarely 14) ciliate chaetae (Fig. 22). Manubrial plaque dorsally with 12 − 21 (rarely 9) ciliate chaetae and 2 − 5 pseudopores (Fig. 23), ventrally with 41 − 47 ciliate chaetae on each side (Fig. 24). Uncrenulated dens 1.50 − 2.38 times as mucro in length. Mucro bidentate, two teeth subequal and tip of basal spine reaching subapical tooth (Fig. 25).	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA10CEE10FF22A95AFB7DF95E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. In litter, mainly composed of leaves of maples.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA10CEE10FF22A95AFB7DF95E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after its yellow (from Latin “ flavus ”) colour of terga.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA10CEE10FF22A95AFB7DF95E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species can be obviously distinguished from other known Willowsia species because of its yellow colour on body. It is similar to W. samarkandica Martynova, 1972 in the number of macrochaetae on Abd. I & IV. However, their differences are great, such as, sculpture and distribution of scales, chaetotaxy of head and Th. I−II, labium, trochanteral organ, apical bulb of Ant. IV and mucro. It is somewhat similar to Chinese species W. qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng 2011 in colour pattern, but their chaetotaxy on body, sculpture and distribution of scales, apical bulb of Ant. IV and other characters are different. It is also somewhat similar to W. pseudosocia Stach, 1965 in sculpture of scale, but a narrow stripe absent in the former and present in the latter (Table 1).	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA108EE1DFF22AEB4FC7CF96C.taxon	description	Figs 26 − 49, Table 1 Types. Holotype: adult female on slide, China, Yunnan Province, Yuxi City, Chengjiang County, Xilu Street, 24 ° 40 ′ 37 ″ N, 102 ° 54 ′ 24 ″ E, 6, February, 2017, collection number: 1174, by Da Wang with entomological aspirator. Paratypes: Six adult females on slides, same data as holotype. All deposited in NTU. Description. Body length up to 2.02 mm, holotype 1.87 mm. Ground colour pale yellow in alcohol. Eye patches dark blue. Ant. III−IV, distal part of Ant. I−II and lateral part of Th. II−III with blue pigment. Transverse bands present on Abd. I posteriorly, Abd. II – III and Abd. V. An irregular blue patch present on Ant. IV posteriorly. Scattered pigment present on distal part of hind femurs (Fig. 26). Scales. Scales spinulate type, present on Ant. I−II, head, terga, legs and ventral side of manubrium (Fig. 27). Basal part of ventral side of dens with narrow scale-like chaetae (Fig. 28). Head. Antennae 0.55 − 0.61 times as long as body. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.47 − 1.63: 1.38 − 1.53: 2.10 − 2.31. Distal part of Ant. IV with many smooth sensory chaetae, normal ciliate chaetae and a bilobed apical bulb (Fig. 29). Sensory organ of Ant. III as 2 − 3 rods (Fig. 30). Sensory organ of Ant. II as 2 − 3 rods (Fig. 31). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as 5 antennal (An), 4 median (M) and 9 sutural (S) mac. Ps 2 present. Interocular mes as p, r, t. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller (Figs 32 & 33). Labral setae as 4 / 5, 5, 4, all slender; prelabral chaetae ciliate, other smooth, four labral papillae with one minute denticle each (Fig. 34). Lateral process of labial palp slightly curved, with tip not reaching apex of labial papilla (Fig. 35). Labial triangular chaetae as M 1 M 2 REL 1 L 2, all ciliate and R 0.54 − 0.73 length of M 1 (Fig. 36). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thin, subequal to apical one; 3 smooth hairs on sublobal plate (Fig. 37). Thorax. Th. II with 2 (m 1, m 2) mac on T 1 area, 5 (m 4, m 4 i, m 4 p, a 5, m 5) mac on T 2 area, 15 − 17 posterior mac, 1 ms and 2 sens on each side. Th. III with 21 − 22 (p 2 ea sometimes absent) mac, 2 sens on each side (Fig. 38). Trochanteral organ with 30 − 32 smooth spiny chaetae (Fig. 39). Unguis with 4 inner teeth, one pair located 0.50 − 0.56 from base of inner edge of unguis, distal unpaired two respectively at about 0.71 and 0.89 distance from base. Unguiculus acuminate and outer edge serrate. Tenent hair thick with clavate tip, longer than inner side of unguis (Figs 40 − 41). Abdomen. Abd. IV 3.53 − 4.73 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Abd. I with 3 (m 2, m 3, m 4) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens, ms inner to sens. Abd. II with 1 (2) (a 2, a 3 rarely present) mac on A 1 area, 2 (m 3, m 3 e) mac on A 2 area, 1 (m 5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 2 (a 2, a 3) mac on A 4 area, 1 (m 3) mac on A 5 area, 5 (am 6, pm 6, p 6, m 7, p 7) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens. Abd. IV with 8 central and 17 − 19 lateral mac. Accessory mic of bothriotrichal complexes of Abd. II−IV strongly modified or scale-like (Figs 42 − 43). Ventral tube anteriorly with 14 − 19 ciliate chaetae on each side, 3 of them much larger than others (Fig. 44), posteriorly with 2 apical smooth chaetae and 15 − 20 ciliate chaetae of different sizes (Fig. 45), laterally with 4 − 5 smooth and 8 − 9 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 46). Manubrial plaque dorsally with 6 − 8 ciliate chaetae and 3 pseudopores (Fig. 47), ventrally with 13 − 18 ciliate chaetae on each side (Fig. 48). Uncrenulated dens 1.70 − 2.00 times as mucro in length. Mucro bidentate, two teeth subequal and tip of basal spine reaching subapical tooth (Fig. 49).	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA108EE1DFF22AEB4FC7CF96C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. In rotten stem of rice.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA108EE1DFF22AEB4FC7CF96C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after its similarity to W. bartkei in colour pattern.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA108EE1DFF22AEB4FC7CF96C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In colour pattern, sculpture of scale, chaetotaxy of Th. II and Abd. I−II, the new species is more similar to W. bartkei, which was described originally by Stach in 1965 from Vietnam and redescribed by Feng Zhang in 2015. However, their differences are great, such as, apical bulb of Ant. IV, chaetotaxy of Th. III and Abd. III−IV. It is also similar to Chinese species W. zhaotongensis Chai & Ma, 2017 in colour pattern, sculpture of scale, chaetotaxy of Th. II−III, but their chaetotaxy on Abd. I & III are different (Table 1).	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA104EE1FFF22AC7CFEBFF896.taxon	description	Figs 50 − 72, Table 1 Types. Holotype: adult female on slide, China, Hainan Province, Wanning City, Shangen Town, Lizhikan Villege, 18 ° 58 ′ 8 ″ N, 110 ° 28 ′ 56 ″ E, 11, March, 2011, collection number: 1123, by Xingna Wang with entomological aspirator. Paratypes: Three adult females on slides, same data as holotype. All deposited in NTU. Description. Body length up to 1.85 mm, holotype 1.85 mm. Ground colour pale yellow in alcohol. Eye patches dark blue. A light blue pigment present on Ant. I−IV, lateral of Th. III and Abd. IV, distal part of hind femur and posterior part of Abd. V (Fig. 50). Scales. Scales long basal rib type, present on Ant. I−II, head, terga, legs, ventral side of manubrium (Figs 51 & 52). Head. Antennae 0.38 − 0.43 times as long as body. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 2.13 − 2.43: 1.63 − 2.00: 2.25 − 2.50. Distal part of Ant. IV with many smooth sensory chaetae, normal ciliate chaetae and a bilobed apical bulb (Fig. 53). Sensory organ of Ant. III as 2 rods (Fig. 54). Sensory organ of Ant. II as 1 rods (Fig. 55). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as 4 antennal (An), 3 median (M) and 5 sutural (S) mac. Ps 2 absent. Interocular mes as p, q, r, s, t. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller (Figs 56 & 57). Labral setae as 4 / 5, 5, 4, all slender; prelabral chaetae ciliate, other smooth, labral papillae not clearly seen, maybe each papilla with one minute denticle (Fig. 58). Lateral process of labial palp slightly curved, with tip almost reaching apex of labial papilla (Fig. 59). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thin, subequal to apical one; 3 smooth hairs on sublobal plate (Fig. 60). Labial triangular chaetae as MREL 1 L 2, all ciliate and R 0.46 − 0.52 length of M (Fig. 61). Thorax. Th. II with 3 (m 4, a 5, m 5) mac on T 2 area, 4 posterior mac, 2 sens on each side. Th. III with 9 (m 5 rarely absent) mac, 2 sens on each side (Fig. 62). Trochanteral organ with 39 − 40 smooth spiny chaetae (Fig. 63). Unguis with 4 inner teeth, one pair located 0.41 − 0.44 from base of inner edge of unguis, distal unpaired two respectively at 0.68 − 0.74 and 0.90 − 0.92 distance from base. Unguiculus acuminate and outer edge serrate. Tenent hair thick with clavate tip, longer than inner side of unguis (Fig. 64). Abdomen. Abd. IV 3.38 − 3.88 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Abd. I with 2 (m 3, m 4) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens, ms inner to sens. Abd. II with 1 (a 2) mac on A 1 area, 2 (m 3, m 3 e) mac on A 2 area, 1 (m 5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 1 − 2 (a 2, a 3 sometimes present) mac on A 4 area, 1 (m 3) mac on A 5 area, 3 (am 6, pm 6, p 6) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens. Abd. IV with 7 central and 15 − 17 lateral mac. Accessory mic of bothriotrichal complexes of Abd. II−IV unmodified (Figs 65 − 66). Ventral tube anteriorly with 12 ciliate chaetae on each side, 3 of them much larger than others (Fig. 67), posteriorly with 2 apical smooth chaetae and 8 ciliate chaetae of different sizes (Fig. 68), laterally with 4 − 5 smooth and 4 − 7 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 69). Manubrial plaque dorsally with 4 ciliate chaetae and 2 pseudopores (Fig. 70), ventrally with 10 − 11 ciliate chaetae on each side (Fig. 71). Uncrenulated dens 1.32 − 1.38 times as mucro in length. Mucro bidentate, two teeth subequal and tip of basal spine reaching subapical tooth (Fig. 72).	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA104EE1FFF22AC7CFEBFF896.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. In rotten straw of rice.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA104EE1FFF22AC7CFEBFF896.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after its locality: Hainan Province.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA104EE1FFF22AC7CFEBFF896.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is more similar to another Chinese species, W. guangdongensis Zhang, Xu & Chen, 2007 in sculpture of scale, few body mac, but it can be distinguished from the latter by colour pattern, chaetotaxy on Th. II, prelabral chaetae and other characters. It is somewhat similar to W. nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873) in sculpture of scale, but their colour pattern and chaetotaxy are different (Table 1).	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA103EE06FF22AF6CFBE4FEB6.taxon	description	Figs 73 − 90 Complement to description. Body length up to 2.21 mm. Eye patches dark blue. Blue pigment present on antennae, lateral side of head and legs. Lateral patches present on Th. II−III and Abd. I−V. Abd. III & IV also with an irregular transverse band (Fig. 73). Scales. Scales narrow and short rib type, present on head and terga (Figs 74 − 75). Head. Antennae 0.45 − 0.47 times as long as body. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.88 − 2.09: 1.76 − 1.91: 2.18 − 2.47. Distal part of Ant. IV with many smooth sensory chaetae, normal ciliate chaetae, a pin chaeta and a bilobed apical bulb (Fig. 76). Sensory organ of Ant. III as 2 rods (Fig. 77). Sensory organ of Ant. II as 1 rods (Fig. 78). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as 4 antennal (An), 4 median (M) and 7 sutural (S) mac. Ps 2 absent. Interocular mes as p, q, r, s, t. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller (Fig. 79). Lateral process of labial palp curved, with tip not reaching apex of labial papilla (Fig. 80). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thin, subequal to apical one; 3 smooth hairs on sublobal plate (Fig. 81). Labial triangular chaetae as MREL 1 L 2, all ciliate and R 0.50 − 0.67 length of M (Fig. 82). Thorax. Th. II with 1 (m 2) mac on T 1 area, 3 (m 4, a 5, m 5) mac on T 2 area, 7 − 8 (p 5 pe sometimes absent) posterior mac and 2 posterior mesochaetae on each side. Th. III with 13 mac, 2 sens on each side (Fig. 83). Trochanteral organ with about 18 smooth spiny chaetae (Fig. 84). Unguis with 4 inner teeth, one pair located 0.35 − 0.40 from base of inner edge of unguis, distal unpaired two respectively at 0.65 − 0.67 and 0.84 − 0.88 distance from base. Unguiculus acuminate and outer edge serrate. Tenent hair thick with clavate tip, longer than inner side of unguis (Fig. 85). Abdomen. Abd. IV about 4.12 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Abd. I with 3 (m 2, m 3, m 4) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens, ms not inner to sens. Abd. II with 1 (a 2) mac on A 1 area, 2 (m 3, m 3 e) mac on A 2 area, 1 (m 5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 1 (a 2) mac on A 4 area, 1 (m 3) mac on A 5 area, 3 (am 6, pm 6, p 6) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens. Abd. IV with 7 central and 11 lateral mac. Accessory mic of bothriotrichal complexes of Abd. II−IV unmodified (Figs 86 − 87). Manubrial plaque dorsally with 4 ciliate chaetae and 2 pseudopores (Fig. 88), ventrally with 9 ciliate chaetae on each side (Fig. 89). Uncrenulated dens 2.07 − 2.10 times as mucro in length. Mucro bidentate, two teeth subequal and tip of basal spine reaching subapical tooth (Fig. 90). * Because of my carelessness, W. pseudoshi Ma, 2016 should be W. pseudoshiae Ma, 2016.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
03E9879EA103EE06FF22AF6CFBE4FEB6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species, W. japonica (Folsom, 1897), is the only one which have scales of narrow and short rib type among the known Chinese Willowsia species. It is widely distributed in Japan, Hawaii and China (Xinjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang) (Zhang, et al. 2011). Our specimens agree with the previous descriptions in apical antennal bulb, colour pattern, sculpture and distribution of scales, chaetotaxy of body.	en	Zhou, Rong, Pan, Zhixiang, Ma, Yitong (2021): Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica. Zootaxa 4991 (1): 73-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.3
