identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E32A8132FF99FFFCFF12F982C5EFFE38.text	E32A8132FF99FFFCFF12F982C5EFFE38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophryinae	<div><p>Key to the genera of Afrotropical Euophryinae (males only)</p> <p>1. Retromarginal tooth of chelicera with multiple cusps (e.g. Fig. 3)................................................ 2</p> <p>- Retromarginal tooth of chelicera with one or two cusps (e.g. Figs 8, 19).......................................... 3</p> <p>2. Several teeth on promargin of chelicerae (Fig. 3)..................................................... Chinophrys</p> <p>- Two teeth on promargin of chelicerae............................................. Lophostica [Mascarene Islands]</p> <p>3. Body short and stout, abdomen rounded, as long as wide (Fig. 250)..................................... Yimbulunga</p> <p>- Other body proportions, abdomen oval, longer than wide...................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Third leg longer than others, with very dense and long hairs on distal segments... Saitis [African species probably misplaced]</p> <p>- Third leg not longest, without such modified hairs............................................................ 5</p> <p>5. Embolus with accompanying free terminal apophysis, appearing as two adjacent structures (Figs 109, 150)....... Rumburak</p> <p>- Embolus without accompanying terminal apophysis, clearly a single structure, but sometimes with lobes or denticles along its margins............................................................................................. 6</p> <p>6. Tibial apophysis absent, tiny spiders &lt;2 mm in length (Figs 157, 166)...................................... Tanzania</p> <p>- Tibial apophysis present, larger spiders&gt; 2 mm in length....................................................... 7</p> <p>7. Medium sized to large spiders (4–11 mm), carapace quite high, evenly high in anterior half (Fig. 226); embolic spiral large, its diameter larger than half width of bulb, placed parallel to long axis of bulb; tibial apophysis always visible in ventral view of palp......................................................................................... Thyenula</p> <p>- Small to medium sized spiders (2,5– 5 mm), carapace usually somewhat flattened, sometimes slightly elevated from anterior eyes to midpoint of carapace (Fig. 91); embolic spiral smaller, its diameter less than half width of bulb, placed perpendicular or obliquely to long axis of bulb; if spiral large and placed parallel, then tibial apophysis not visible in ventral view of palp.................................................................................................. Euophrys</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF99FFFCFF12F982C5EFFE38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF98FFFCFF12FC66C3BFF8D7.text	E32A8132FF98FFFCFF12FC66C3BFF8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chinophrys trifasciata Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Chinophrys trifasciata sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1–6</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, Table Mountain, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.4/lat -33.983334)">Cecilia</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.4/lat -33.983334)">Rooikat Ravine</a>, 33°59'S: 18°24'E, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.4/lat -33.983334)">Afrotemperate forest</a>, antifreeze pitfall trap, 23 May 2008 — 21 February 2009, leg. C. Uys (NCA 2011 /847).</p> <p>Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1 male (NCA 2008 /2918); same data, 1 male (NCA 2008 /2911).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other euophryines by the unique form of the chelicerae, with multicuspid teeth (Fig. 3). The structure of the palpal organ is similar to that in the genus Euophrys, but the embolic disc is larger. C. trifasciata differs from Asian species of this genus by the shape of the embolus and the proximal tegular lobe.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the colouration of the “cheeks” with three white stripes.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.5–2.2, width 1.0–1.5, height 0.6–1.1. Abdomen: length 1.2–2.4, width 0.9–1.2. Eye field: length 0.6–1.1, anterior width 0.9–1.4, posterior width 0.8–1.3.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 1. Carapace moderately high, dark brown, with median lighter stripe. Ocular area dark brown, almost black. Anterior eyes surrounded by small white scales, some brown bristles near first row of eyes. Sternum yellowish brown. Clypeus low, brown with white stripe at base of chelicerae. Three parallel lines composed of white hairs on “cheeks”, below anterior lateral eyes (Fig. 2). Chelicerae brown, proximal parts covered with long white hairs, promargin with four teeth, retromarginal tooth broad, with five to seven cusps (Fig. 3). Abdomen yellowish grey (mosaic of grey stains on light background), dorsum with black scutum covering half of abdomen (sometimes scutum poorly visible), venter also spotted. Legs dark brown, tarsi lighter. First pair bigger than others, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi with dense brown hairs ventrally. Three pairs of ventral spines on first tibia. Pedipalps yellow, covered with white hairs and sparse dark brown bristles (Fig. 2). Embolic disc large, bulb with long proximal lobe (Fig. 4), cymbium with small tutaculum (ear-shaped process at base on retrolateral side) (Fig. 5), retrolateral tibial apophysis simple and triangular (Figs 4–6).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from Table Mountain in the Western Cape, South Africa.</p> <p>Remarks. This is the first species of this genus discovered in Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF98FFFCFF12FC66C3BFF8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF96FFF2FF12FA64C34DF808.text	E32A8132FF96FFF2FF12FA64C34DF808.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys C. L. Koch 1834	<div><p>Euophrys C.L. Koch, 1834</p> <p>Type species: Aranea frontalis Walckenaer, 1802</p> <p>Description. Small to medium sized spiders, ranging from 2 to 5 mm in length. The male palp has a tibial apophysis that is often very thin and needle-shaped; embolus thread-like, coiled at the tip of the bulb (sometimes around a hollow pit or coiled within that pit), in some species the embolus forms a spiral, placed perpendicular or oblique to the long axis of the palp (sometimes parallel); sperm duct meandering, forming broad loops. The epigyne is weakly sclerotized, usually with two rounded or oval depressions separated by a median septum, with large oval spermathecae and the seminal duct with characteristic kinks in the majority of species. The abdomen in both sexes is usually dark, with a pattern consisting of a mosaic of small yellow reticulate markings on a blackish or dark grey background, sometimes also with darker chevrons or with a few pairs of small light dots, abdomen light ventrally with numerous small dark patches. Abdomen of males sometimes has a delicate scutum on the dorsal surface. Species of the genus Euophrys are rather difficult to distinguish, especially females.</p> <p>Redescription of the type species is given in Logunov, Cutler &amp; Marusik (1993) and Logunov (1997).</p> <p>Distribution. Worldwide, except the Australian Region.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF96FFF2FF12FA64C34DF808	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF95FFF0FF12F977C390FBF7.text	E32A8132FF95FFF0FF12F977C390FBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys bifida Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys bifida sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 7–17</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, Amatola Mountains, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.966667/lat -32.6)">Hogsback</a>, 32°36'S: 26°58'E, 1145 m a.s.l., invaded forest, leaf litter, 1 October 2011, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /584).</p> <p>Paratypes: same locality as holotype, 1 male, 3 females, sifting litter, 3 April 2012, leg. UFS entomology students (NCA 2013 /575); same locality, afromontane forest, sifting leaf litter, 2 males, 23 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad, J.A. Neethling &amp; R. du Preez (AMGS); SOUTH AFRICA, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.516666/lat -32.7)">Fort Fordyce Forest Reserve</a>, 32°42'S: 26°31'E, afromontane forest, roadside, leaf litter, 1 female, 2 October 2011, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 / 581); same locality, 2 females, 29 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /651); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.3/lat -32.666668)">Stutterheim</a>, Sandile’s Rest Lodge, 32°40'S: 27°18'E, 1 male, 1 female, indigenous forest, leaf litter, 1 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /657).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The characteristic feature (both sexes) distinguishing this species from congeners is the structure of the chelicerae with a bicuspid retromarginal tooth. The palpal organ is slightly similar to that of E. purcelli Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903 but may be distinguished by the larger diameter of the embolic coil and the shape of the tibial apophysis (compare Figs 9, 11 herein with Wesołowska 2012: fig. 2). The female has an epigyne with two small round depressions encircled by sclerotized flanges.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the shape of the retromarginal cheliceral tooth.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.2–1.3/1.3–1.4, width 0.9/1.0–1.1, height 0.6/0.5–0.6. Abdomen: length 1.2/1.5–1.7, width 0.8–0.9/1.1. Eye field: length 0.6–0.7, anterior width 0.9/1.0, posterior width 1.0/1.0.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 7. Carapace oval, moderately high, thoracic part dirty brown with black striae radiating from fovea, eye field black, delicately pitted, some short colourless hairs on carapace, numerous long bristles at eyes and laterally from eye field. Eyes relatively large, especially anterior medians. Clypeus black. Mouth parts blackish with light tips, sternum large, convex. Chelicerae as in Fig. 8, retrolateral tooth bicuspid, some stiff setae located on small protuberances on prolateral margin. Abdomen oval, dark (with mosaic of small blackish brown patches) with two thin longitudinal orange yellowish lines, sides whitish with thin diagonal black belts, venter dark with four streaks composed of whitish spots. Spinnerets dark grey. Legs blackish (coxae and trochanters too), only dorsal surfaces of femora slightly lighter, with dark longitudinal line, tarsi yellowish grey. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalps dark, embolus basally coiled, tibial apophysis long, pointed at tip (Figs 9–12).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 13. Carapace as in male, thoracic part slightly lighter. Chelicerae as in male. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally covered with mosaic of small dark patches on light background, traces of lighter chevrons on dorsum posteriorly. Legs light brown. Epigyne with two rounded anterior depressions with their edges forming sclerotized rims (Figs 14, 16). Spermathecae large, ovoid, accessory glands placed in spermatheca wall (Figs 15, 17).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF95FFF0FF12F977C390FBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF94FFF7FF12FB5FC391FD63.text	E32A8132FF94FFF7FF12FB5FC391FD63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys cochlea Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys cochlea sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 18–33</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, N of Knysna, Lily Vlei Nature Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.016666/lat -33.933334)">Gouna State Forest</a>, 33°56'S: 23°01'E, moist forest, February 1984, leg. J.H. Koen (NCA 97 /276).</p> <p>Paratypes: 1 female together with holotype; same locality, on leaf litter, moist forest, 2 males, 2 females, September 1983, leg. J.H. Koen (NCA 2012 /2492), same data, 1 female (NCA 97 /363); SOUTH AFRICA, Knysna, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.05/lat -33.95)">Diepwalle Forest</a>, 33°57'S: 23°03'E, afromontane forest, 1 male, 20 December 2011, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /573); same locality, indigenous forest, 3 males, 2 females, 11–13 November 1985, leg. C. Griswold &amp; J. Doyen (NMSA 26470); Groenkop, NE George, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.533333/lat -33.9)">Groenweide Forest</a>, 33°54'S: 22°32'E, wet forest, pitfall traps, 1 male, 2 females, August 1984, leg. J.H. Koen (NCA 97 /246); Wilderness, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.55/lat -33.983334)">Kaaimansgat Estuary</a>, 33°59'S, 22°33'E, riverine forest, leaf litter, 1 male, 7 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /672).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male is distinctive in having a unique form of the embolus, which is compressed and corkscrew-like. The female is very difficult to recognize; its seminal ducts are extremely short and without kinks, and the median septum is wider than in the other African Euophrys spp.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, referring to the shape of the embolus (cochlea is Latin for screw).</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.9–2.2/1.7–2.4, width 1.4–1.6/1.4–1.7, height 1.0–1.1/0.9–1.0. Abdomen: length 1.7–2.2/1.9–2.9, width 1.1–1.4/1.3–1.9. Eye field: length 0.9–1.0/ 0.8–1.0, anterior width 1.3–1.5/1.3–1.5, posterior width 1.2–1.4/1.2–1.4.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 18. Carapace moderately high, dark brown, with darker eye field, eyes surrounded with black rings. White hairs form large patch on ocular area, narrowed to a light median stripe on the thoracic part. Sternum yellowish brown. Clypeus, “cheeks”, and chelicerae dark brown, clothed in sparse black hairs and bristles. Cheliceral dentition as in Fig. 19. Labium and endites brownish with whitish tips. Sternum brown. Abdomen oval, brown dorsally, with wide leaf-shaped yellow median streak. Sides with dark small patches. Venter yellowish brown with two indistinct brownish stripes, with pair of dark spots at base of spinnerets. Booklung covers yellow, spinnerets yellow, tinged with grey. Legs whitish yellow or yellowish orange, first pair longer than others, with dark patches (Fig. 20). Pedipalps yellowish, only bulb brown, femora with black patch at base. Leg hairs brown, spines light. Bulb rounded, proximal lobe small, tibial apophysis long and narrow, embolus short, screw-shaped (Figs 21, 23–28).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 29. Carapace dark brown, with median yellowish brown stripe. Ocular area dark brown, almost black, with black rings around eyes, white hairs forming large light patch anteriorly, some light hairs at posterior pair of eyes. Sternum yellowish brown. Clypeus and “cheeks” yellow to light brown, covered with white hairs and sparse brown bristles. Chelicerae dark brown. Dorsum of abdomen yellowish brown, with yellow serrate median stripe, sides mottled. Abdomen yellowish grey ventrally, with median brownish stripe and pair of dark patches at base of spinnerets. Book-lung covers and spinnerets brownish yellow. All legs and pedipalps yellow to light brown. Epigyne as in Figs 30, 32. Seminal ducts very short, spermathecae bean-shaped (Figs 31, 33).</p> <p>Distribution. Western Cape Province of South Africa, around Knysna.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF94FFF7FF12FB5FC391FD63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF93FFF7FF12FCD3C213F888.text	E32A8132FF93FFF7FF12FCD3C213F888.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys elizabethae Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys elizabethae sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 34–39</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.6/lat -33.95)">Kirstenbosch National Botanic Gardens</a>, 33°57'S: 18°36'E, woodland, 9 May 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Paratype: together with holotype, 1 female.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is closely related to E. purcelli Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903 known from the same province in South Africa. The male differs in the shape of the tibial apophysis, which is shorter and wider (compare Fig. 36 herein with Wesołowska 2012: fig. 3). The course of the sperm duct is also different (meandering in E.purcelli, while almost straight in the newly described species). The female can be recognized by the slightly longer, more strongly curved seminal ducts and the shorter accessory glands than those in E. purcelli (compare Fig. 39 herein with Wesołowska 2012: fig. 5).</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Elizabeth Peckham, an early American arachnologist who was also active in the women's suffrage movement, a pioneer in the study of African jumping spiders.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.3/2.2, width 1.8/1.6, height 0.9/0.9. Abdomen: length 2.2/2.6, width 1.4/1.7. Eye field: length 1.0/1.0, anterior width 1.4/1.4, posterior width 1.5/1.5.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 34. Carapace oval, brown, vicinity of eyes black, colourless hairs covering eye field. Clypeus low, clothed in white hairs. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin, mouth parts and sternum light brown. Abdomen oval, generally dark grey, with pattern typical for the majority of Euophrys spp., composed of mosaic of very dense small dark patches, slightly lighter medially, with chain of darker chevrons. Sides yellowish with faint dark marks, venter greyish yellow. Spinnerets light. Legs brown, first pair darker than others. Palpal structure as in Figs 35, 36, diameter of embolic coil very small (Fig. 35), tibial apophysis relatively wide, spermaphore not meandering (Fig. 36).</p> <p>Femal e. General appearance as in Fig. 37. Shape as in male, body more hairy. Traces of lighter patch on foveal area. Abdomen, dark grey with mosaic of small lighter patches and two pairs of larger light patches and a few chevrons along median line, venter yellowish. Legs yellowish grey with slightly darker femora, especially distally. Epigyne as in Fig. 38, weakly sclerotized. Seminal ducts very short, relatively broad, looped anteriorly, accessory glands large, placed in spermatheca wall (Fig. 39).</p> <p>Distribution. Only the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF93FFF7FF12FCD3C213F888	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF91FFEAFF12F953C282FEEF.text	E32A8132FF91FFEAFF12F953C282FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys falciger Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys falciger sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 40–46</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Champagne Castle Hlathikulu For., 29°02'S: 29°23'E, 1550 m a.s.l., bases of grasses and ferns in forest, 20 January 2011, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2010 / 2717).</p> <p>Paratypes: same data, 2 females (NCA 2010 /2718).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species resembles E. difficilis (Simon, 1868) from the Mediterranean area but differs from it in the longer tibial apophysis and the shorter proximal lobe of the bulb. It is also similar to E. meridionalis described below, but the male is larger. It may be recognized by the presence of the outgrowth on the ventral surface of the palpal tibia, the more elongated bulb and clearly longer embolus. The structure of the epigyne resembles that in E. gracilis described below in having a knot in the distal parts of the seminal ducts, which are also longer in this species.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin, meaning sickle bearing and refers to the shape of embolus.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.9/1.1, width 1.4/0.9, height 0.8/0.5. Abdomen: length 1.8/1.2, width 1.5/0.8. Eye field: length 0.8/0.4, anterior and posterior width 1.3/0.9.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 40. Carapace oval, moderately high, dark brown, clothed in colourless and grey hairs, eye field black, with longer bristles near eyes. Clypeus low, dark. Chelicerae dark brown, with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin. Labium and endites dark, sternum black. Abdomen oval, black with pattern composed of light patches, and with a few darker chevrons posteriorly (Fig. 40), brown hairs on dorsal surface. Venter with mosaic of dark spots. Spinnerets dark. Legs dark brown, basal parts of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi orange. First pair of legs almost black. Pedipalps brown. Embolus thin, broader at base, small bump on the tibia ventrally (Figs 41–43), resembling one found in members of Chalcoscirtus.</p> <p>Female. Smaller than male, slightly lighter coloured. Abdomen greyish brown with five pairs of light patches, in the second specimen the patches joined in two irregular streaks, venter yellowish. Spinnerets light. Legs greyish yellow with darker rings. Epigyne with two rounded depressions (Fig. 45). Internal structure as in Fig. 46, seminal ducts with knot in front of the inlets to spermathecae, accessory glands in spermatheca wall.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF91FFEAFF12F953C282FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF8EFFEAFF12FE67C558FA34.text	E32A8132FF8EFFEAFF12FE67C558FA34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys gracilis Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys gracilis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 47–54</p> <p>Holotype: male, LESOTHO, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.0/lat -30.466667)">Ha Liphapang village</a>, 30°28'S: 28°00'E, 1700 m a.s.l., leaf litter, poplar forest near stream, 15 November 2003, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2013 /3412).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 1 female; LESOTHO, near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.016666/lat -30.55)">Ha Frans village</a>, 30°33'S: 28°01'E, 1850 m a.s.l., leaf litter, poplar forest on hillside, 1 female, 16 November 2003, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2013 /2313); SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Pietermaritzburg, 29°37′S: 30°23′E, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.383333/lat -29.616667)">Town Bush</a>, 8 males, 3 females, 18 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is related to E. limpopo described below. The male may be distinguished by the clearly longer embolus with a smaller basal coil. The female has an epigyne similar to that in E. falciger but differs in the position and shape of the epigynal depressions (near the posterior edge of epigyne and oval versus anteriorly and round in E. falciger) and in the shorter seminal ducts.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin, meaning slender.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.9/1.8–2.0, width 1.4/1.4–1.5, height 0.7/ 0.6–0.7. Abdomen: length 2.1/2.1–2.6, width 1.5/1.6–2.1. Eye field: length 0.8/0.8, anterior width 1.2/1.2, posterior width 1.1/1.1.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 47. Carapace oval, brown with darker eye field, black around eyes, covered with thin brown and grey hairs, some longer brown bristles near eyes. Clypeus low, dark. Sternum and mouth parts brownish, only endites with paler inner margins. Abdomen oval, brownish grey with whitish band along sides and anterior margin and wide light longitudinal streak with thin dark line medially (Fig. 47). Venter dark grey with four light lines. Dorsum of abdomen clothed in grey and brown hairs. Spinnerets grey. Legs brown, first pair darker, especially femora. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalp dark, its structure as in Figs 48–50, tibial apophysis wider than in majority of congeners (Fig. 50), process on tibia ventrally.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, slightly darker coloured. Eye field shiny. Abdomen more rounded, without median streak, mottled, with pattern comprised of poorly contrasting mosaic of dark and lighter patches (bleached dorsally in one specimen). Epigyne with two large oval depressions (their edges vague) (Figs 51, 53). Seminal ducts short, with knot in front of the inlets to the spermathecae (Figs 52, 54).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from south-eastern Lesotho and the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF8EFFEAFF12FE67C558FA34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF8EFFE9FF12FA1DC282F85F.text	E32A8132FF8EFFE9FF12FA1DC282F85F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys griswoldi Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys griswoldi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 55–60</p> <p>Holotype: male, NAMIBIA, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.283333/lat -26.733334)">Kubub</a> fara, 12 km S of Aus, 26°44′S: 16°17′E, 1800 m a.s.l., 12–17 November 1984, leg. C. Griswold NMSA 26464).</p> <p>Paratype: NAMIBIA, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.483334/lat -27.916666)">Ai Ais</a>, 27°55′S: 17°29′E, 1 male, 19 August 1981, leg. P. Selden (NHM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male pedipalp of this species may be distinguished from those in the other African members of the genus—except E. leipoldti Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903 —by the large spirally coiled embolus placed parallel to the long axis of palp. It differs from E. leipoldti in having a clearly longer embolus with the tip bent onto the dorsal surface of the cymbium and by the presence of a ventral process on the tibia.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Charles E. Griswold, eminent arachnologist, who collected the holotype.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.6, width 1.0, height 0.7. Abdomen: length 1.4, width 1.1. Eye field: length 0.8, anterior width 1.0, posterior width 0.9.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 55. Carapace moderately high, brown with darker eye field. Anterior eyes surrounded by small fawn scales. White hairs form wide streaks along lateral margins of carapace and two short stripes on eye field anteriorly (Fig. 56). Five long bristles on “face”: three placed below median eyes and pair above, between median and lateral eyes. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin. Clypeus brown, labium, endites and sternum slightly lighter. Abdomen yellowish with median brown streak in anterior half. Dorsal surface of abdomen covered with brown and greyish hairs. Venter yellowish, book-lung covers brown. Traces of greyish patches on sides. Spinnerets light yellow. Legs light brown, only ventral surfaces of femora I tinged with black. Leg hairs light, dorsal spines of femora very long. Pedipalps brownish, clothed in dark hairs, basal segments with white hairs (Fig. 56). Segments of pedipalps short. Palpal tibia with large process on ventral surface (Figs 57, 58) and long retrolateral apophysis, embolus spirally coiled, placed parallel to long axis of palp, very long with end folded onto dorsum of cymbium (Figs 57–60).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF8EFFE9FF12FA1DC282F85F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF8CFFEDFF12FA17C3AAFE02.text	E32A8132FF8CFFEDFF12FA17C3AAFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys leipoldti Peckham & Peckham 1903	<div><p>Euophrys leipoldti Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903</p> <p>Figs 61–70</p> <p>Euophrys leipoldti Peckham &amp; Peckham 1903: 203, pl. 22, fig. 6.</p> <p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.566668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.566668/lat -26.116667)">Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park</a>, 26°07'S: 20°34'E, mixed grassland, 5 males, 8 females, 11 February 1987, leg. D.P. Keetch (NCA 2012 /2490); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.416666/lat -28.3)">Richtersveld</a>, 28°18'S; 16°25'E, under rock, 1 female, 3 April 1988, leg. R. Mitchell. (NCA 88 /863); Western Cape Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.55/lat -32.3)">Karoo National Park</a>, 10 km NW of Beaufort West, 32°18'S: 20°33'E, 1200 m a.s.l., 6 males, 3 females, 22–24 October 1985, leg. C. Griswold &amp; J. Deyen (NMSA 26502).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male is similar to E. griswoldi described above, but may be distinguished by the clearly shorter embolus without the end folded onto the cymbial dorsum and by the lack of a ventral process on the palpal tibia. The female is distinctive in having a unique form of the epigyne, with the longest seminal ducts in the genus, forming a triple coiled spiral.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.1/1.9, width 1.6/1.5, height 1.2/1.1. Abdomen: length 1.8/2.4, width 1.3/1.8. Eye field: length 0.9/0.8, anterior width 1.3/1.3, posterior width 1.2/1.2.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 61. Carapace yellowish brown to brown, darkened marginally, covered with white hairs laterally. Ocular area dark brown or black, shiny, covered with brown hairs, white hairs forming transverse band and thin longitudinal median line (Fig. 61). Sternum brownish yellow. “Cheeks” and clypeus yellowish brown, sparse white scales on clypeus. Chelicerae stout, with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin (Fig. 62), brown with sparse white scales proximally. Abdomen with mottled pattern composed of dense short white and brown hairs, darker spots forming median brown streak, broken into chevrons posteriorly (Fig. 61), venter light brown. Book-lung covers and spinnerets brownish. First pair of legs longest, brown (except yellow tarsi), patellae, tibiae and metatarsi clothed in dense long brown hairs. Other legs yellow, with brown rings. Pedipalps yellow, only cymbium brown. Palpal femora and patellae covered with dense white hairs, tibiae and cymbium with brown hairs. Tibial apophysis broader than in the majority of congeners (Fig. 65). Bulb with very long proximal lobe, embolic spiral placed parallel to the long axis of the cymbium (Fig. 64).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 66. Larger than male. Carapace brown, ocular area darker, clothed in dense shining hairs. Sternum yellowish brown. “Cheeks” and chelicerae yellowish brown, covered with dense white hairs. Abdomen yellowish with brownish pattern composed with small patches (Fig. 66), clothed in white and brown hairs. Legs yellowish brown, with brown patches and rings. Leg spines numerous, long, hairs dense, brown. Epigyne as in Figs 67, 69, copulatory openings with small flaps. Seminal ducts very long, forming three loops in initial part (Figs 68, 70).</p> <p>Distribution. Species known from the arid western parts of South Africa.</p> <p>Remarks. The male of this species is described here for the first time.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF8CFFEDFF12FA17C3AAFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF89FFEDFF12FDF3C217FB6C.text	E32A8132FF89FFEDFF12FDF3C217FB6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys limpopo Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys limpopo sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 71–73</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Limpopo Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.0/lat -23.866667)">Magoebaskloof</a> pass, 23°52'S: 30°00'E, 1190 m a.s.l., afromontane forest, sifting leaf litter, 6 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5700).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male of this species has palpal organ slightly similar to that in E. gracilis described above, but differs in having a shorter bulb and shorter and finer embolus.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, referring to the terra typica, Limpopo Province in South Africa.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.5, width 1.1, height 0.7. Abdomen: length 1.4, width 1.0. Eye field: length 0.6, anterior 1.0, posterior width 1.1.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 71, carapace black, eye field with metallic shine, some colourless hairs on carapace. Clypeus clothed in white hairs. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single retromarginal tooth. Sternum and mouth parts blackish. Abdomen oval, blackish with two thin median yellowish stripes on anterior half and chevrons in posterior part. Sides and venter dark with yellowish marks. Spinnerets grey. Lateral surfaces of legs grey, whitish dorsally, only tarsi white, leg hairs black. Long dense black hairs on tibia I ventrally. Pedipalps whitish tinged with grey. Palpal tibia with toothlike protuberance ventrally, embolus fine, forming a loop on tip of bulb (Figs 72, 73).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. The type locality only.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF89FFEDFF12FDF3C217FB6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF89FFEDFF12FAE3C282F85E.text	E32A8132FF89FFEDFF12FAE3C282F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys maseruensis Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys maseruensis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 74–77</p> <p>Holotype: male, LESOTHO, Maseru District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.95/lat -29.433332)">Molimo Nhtuse</a>, 29°26'S: 27°57'E, on dry boulder in stream lodge, 15 April 1977, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species resembles members of Chalcoscirtus in having an abdominal scutum. Its pedipalp is similar to Euophrys from the frontalis group of species (Logunov et al. 1993), but differs in having a shorter tibial apophysis and a broader embolus, with the embolic loop placed slightly obliquely to the long axis of bulb (parallel in the frontalis group).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the terra typica, the district of the capital city Maseru in Lesotho.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.1, width 0.8, height 0.4. Abdomen: length 1.2, width 0.8. Eye field: length 0.5, anterior 0.7, posterior width 0.8.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 74. Very small spider. Carapace dark brown, eye field almost black. Hairs scarce, only a few colourless bristles on anterior part of eye field. Fovea poorly developed. Clypeus low, dark, with some white hairs. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin, mouth parts brown, only chewing margins of endites whitish. Sternum and coxae brown. Abdomen oval, dorsal surface covered with shiny brown scutum, hairless. Venter dark, spinnerets grey. Legs brown, femora slightly darker than other segments. Leg hairs fine, colourless. Pedipalp brown, its structure as in Figs 75, 76, tibial apophysis thin, but not needle-shaped, bulb with large proximal lobe.</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF89FFEDFF12FAE3C282F85E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF88FFE1FF12F8DCC1B2FE27.text	E32A8132FF88FFE1FF12F8DCC1B2FE27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys meridionalis Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys meridionalis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 78–86</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.95/lat -28.683332)">Royal Natal National Park</a>, 28°41'S: 28°57'E, dry grassland, 24 April 1977, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 1 female; same locality, riparian forest, 1 female, 21 January 2011, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2010 /2716); SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Luneburg road to Paulpietersburg, 27°20'S: 30°30'E, sifting leaf litter, bush patch, 1 male, 4 females, 23 May 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /585); Free State Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.2/lat -28.283333)">Harrismith</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.2/lat -28.283333)">Platberg Nature Reserve</a>, 28°17'S: 29°12'E, leaf litter, dry mountain runoff (thicket), 3 males, 1 female, 12 March 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /580); same data, 1 male, 13 March 2012 (NCA 2013 /579); same locality, dry mountain runoff (Eucalyptus plantation), 1 female, 14 March 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /578); Monk’s Cowl, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.4/lat -29.016666)">Drakensberg</a>, 1465 m a.s.l., 29°01'S: 29°24'E, 1 female, afromontane forest, sifting litter, 3 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5703).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male is easily recognized by the shape of the embolus, with a wide base and not forming a full loop. It slightly resembles E. falciger described above, but is larger and may be recognized by the lack of an outgrowth on the ventral surface of the palpal tibia and by the shorter, stouter embolus. The female has wider seminal ducts than in congeners.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the southern distribution of the species.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.0/1.1–1.2, width 0.6/0.7–0.8, height 0.4/ 0.4. Abdomen: length 1.0/1.1–1.3, width 0.6/0.8–0.9. Eye field: length 0.4/0.4–0.5, anterior width 0.5/0.6–0.7, posterior width 0.6/0.7–0.8.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 78. Very small spider. Carapace dark brown to blackish, shining, eye field black, delicately pitted, with a few brownish bristles near eyes. Clypeus clothed in colourless hairs. Chelicerae orange, promargin with two teeth, retromargin unident. Mouth parts and sternum brownish. Abdomen oval, brown, whole dorsum covered with delicate shining scutum, without hairs, venter yellowish grey or blackish with four lines formed by light dots. Spinnerets light. Legs I black with yellowish tarsus. Other legs generally brown, dorsal surfaces of femora slightly lighter, yellowish grey, basal halves of segments lighter than their distal parts. Pedipalps orange to brown, clothed in dark hairs, cymbium and bulb yellow. Tibial apophysis wider than in the majority of congeners (Figs 81, 83), bulb oval, without delimited proximal lobe (Fig. 79), with meandering spermophore, embolus stiletto-like with broad base (Figs 80, 82).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 84, slightly larger than male. Carapace as in male. Abdomen with typical markings for Euophrys spp., coloration dark grey with mosaic of small lighter patches and a few (5–6) pairs of larger light spots and chevrons along midline, dark patches fused into irregular transverse streaks on sides, venter yellowish. Legs yellowish, bases of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Epigyne very weakly sclerotized, with two shallow, slightly procurved depressions, copulatory openings situated laterally (Fig. 85). Internal structures simple, as in Fig. 86.</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Drakensberg Mountains of the eastern Free State and western KwaZulu-Natal Provinces in South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF88FFE1FF12F8DCC1B2FE27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF85FFE0FF12FA53C282FF57.text	E32A8132FF85FFE0FF12FA53C282FF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys miranda Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys miranda sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 87–89</p> <p>Holotype: female, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.916666/lat -33.983334)">Stormsriver Forest Nature Reserve</a>, 33°59'S: 23°55'E, coastal forest, leaf litter, 5 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /654).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The female is distinctive in having a unique structure of the epigyne with very long seminal ducts and small spermathecae.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for curious, referring to the unique epigynal structure.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.6, width 1.2, height 0.7. Abdomen: length 1.9, width 1.4. Eye field: length 0.9, anterior width 1.2, posterior width 1.1.</p> <p>Male unknown.</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 87. Carapace oval, dark brown with blackish eye field, clothed in thin translucent hairs. Clypeus low, dark. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin, mouth parts and sternum brown. Abdomen oval, dull, with reticulate pattern composed of small light patches on dark background, arranged medially in narrow chevrons (Fig. 87). Venter dark with four lines formed by light dots. Spinnerets dark grey. Legs light brown tinged with grey, leg hairs and spines dark. Pedipalps brown. Epigyne large with two large round depressions (Fig. 88). Copulatory openings placed posterolaterally, covered by flaps; seminal ducts thin and very long, forming two loops; spermathecae oval, smaller than in other Euophrys spp. (Fig. 89).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF85FFE0FF12FA53C282FF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF84FFE7FF12F8A7C368FCF2.text	E32A8132FF84FFE7FF12F8A7C368FCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys nana Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys nana sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 90–95</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Bergplaas next to Diepriver near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.866665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.65/lat -33.866665)">George</a>, 33°52'S: 22°39'E, sweep net, mixed plants, 1 February 1994, leg. E. van den Berg (NCA 94 /255).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male palp of this species is similar to that in E. subtilis described below, but the embolus is longer and thinner. These species also differ in the coloration of the abdomen (light with dark streaks in E. nana, uniformly dark in E. subtilis).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin, referring to the small size of the body.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male). Cephalothorax: length 1.0, width 1.1, height 0.8. Abdomen: length 1.5, width 1.1. Eye field: length 0.7, anterior width 1.1, posterior width 1.0.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Figs 90, 91, small, light coloured spider. Carapace oval, brown with yellow median stripe extending from posterior median eyes to posterior rim of carapace, black rings around eyes. Dorsum covered with white hairs, denser on anterior part of eye field. Clypeus and chelicerae yellowish brown. Clypeus clothed in sparse white hairs and brown bristles, with long, upward-bent bristles in the middle part. Chelicerae as in Fig. 92. Sternum yellowish brown. Dorsum of abdomen light, whitish yellow with two longitudinal brown stripes (Fig. 90), sides white. Abdomen yellow ventrally, with brown median streak, brown stripes on sides (Fig. 91). Book-lung covers greyish yellow. Spinnerets brownish yellow. Femora of all legs light yellow, dark-brown spot prolateraly at distal end of femora I. Patellae and tibiae and metatarsi I brown, ventrally dark brown. Patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of II–IV legs yellowish brown. Pedipalps yellow, only femora brownish. Embolus thin and long, its basal loop hidden in shallow hollow on the tip of bulb (Figs 93, 95).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from type locality.</p> <p>Remarks. Only the right palp is present in the holotype, mirror images of the copulatory organ are given in the figures to match the left palps shown in the other species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF84FFE7FF12F8A7C368FCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF83FFE7FF12FC5AC282F93F.text	E32A8132FF83FFE7FF12FC5AC282F93F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys recta Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys recta sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 96–99</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.816668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.816668/lat -33.983334)">Western Province</a>, Suurbraak, Grootvadersbosch Nature Reserve, 33°59'S: 20°49'E, afromontane forest, leaf litter, 13 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /671).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male pedipalp of this species is similar to that in E. maseruensis from Lesotho, described above, but differs in having a clearly broader tibial apophysis and smaller embolar disc.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for regular and refers to the resemblance of the species in the colouration and structure of pedipalp to typical membres of the genus Euophrys.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.4, width 1.1, height 0.6. Abdomen: length 1.5, width 1.0. Eye field: length 0.7, anterior width 1.1, posterior width 1.0.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 96. Carapace low, thoracic part dark brown, slightly lighter at fovea, eye field blackish. Anterior median eyes with white hairs from below, faint translucent hairs on carapace. Clypeus low, dark. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single retromarginal tooth, mouth parts dark brown, sternum black. Abdomen oval, generally black, with pattern typical for the majority of Euophrys spp., composed of mosaic of very dense small patches, two lines formed by orange marks medially. Sides dark with cream broken line, venter blackish. Thin hairs on abdominal dorsum. Spinnerets dark. Legs blackish with orange tarsi, large orange spots on trochanters. Leg hairs and spines dark. Pedipalps as in Figs 97, 98, tibial apophysis long and wide, bulb with posterior lobe, embolus basally coiled, diameter of embolic disc small (Fig. 99).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF83FFE7FF12FC5AC282F93F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF83FFE6FF12F92EC454F87E.text	E32A8132FF83FFE6FF12F92EC454F87E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euophrys subtilis Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Euophrys subtilis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 100–106</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.383333/lat -29.616667)">Pietermaritzburg</a>, 29°37′S: 30°23′E, Town Bush, humid forest, 15 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 1 female; SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Impenhle, 29°25′S:29°55′, cloud forest, 5 males, 4 females, 16 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM); Harding, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.683332/lat -30.533333)">Ingeli Forest Nature Reserve</a>, 30°32'S, 29°41'E, 3 males, 1 female, 27 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 / 662).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male is distinguished by the narrow, elongated bulb with a long proximal lobe and a long thin embolus forming a small basal loop perpendicular to the bulb tip. The pedipalp slightly resembles that in E. nana, but the shape of the embolus is different. The female is separable from other species by the position of the copulatory openings, which are placed posteriorly on the epigyne and by the seminal ducts which are longer than in most African congeners (except E. leipoldti).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for delicate and refers to the small size and delicate structure of the body.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.7/1.6, width 1.3/1.2, height 0.8/0.6. Abdomen: length 1.7/1.9, width 1.2/1.3. Eye field: length 0.7/0.8, anterior and posterior width 1.1/1.1.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 100. Small spider, carapace oval, moderately high, dark brown with black eye field, clothed in colourless hairs, some long brown bristles near eyes. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin. Labium, endites and sternum brown. Abdomen oval, brownish grey, with thin white streak along anterior edge stretches on sides, medially with lighter brownish band, but with darker stains in the centre of this band. Large dark patch on ventral surface of abdomen. Hairs corresponding to background colour cover abdominal dorsum. Spinnerets grey. Legs dark brown, only tarsi lighter. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalps as in Figs 101–103. Tibial apophysis long and narrow (Fig. 103), bulb with long proximal lobe, spermophore meandering, embolus thin and long (Fig. 101), its basal part forming loop on bulb tip (Fig. 102). Prolateral side of cymbium decorated with plumose black hairs (Fig. 101).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 104. Similar to male, abdomen generally dark, pattern consists of mosaic of dark spots on creamy white background, spots fused laterally into indistinct transverse bands. Large dark spots on venter. Epigyne with large shallow depression and copulatory openings placed laterally (Fig. 105). Seminal ducts long and wide, looping medially, spermathecae spherical (Fig. 106).</p> <p>Distribution. Species known from southern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF83FFE6FF12F92EC454F87E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF80FFE4FF12FF6BC36CFB49.text	E32A8132FF80FFE4FF12FF6BC36CFB49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Genus Lophostica Simon, 1902</p> <p>Type species: Lophostica mauriciana Simon, 1902</p> <p>Description. The genus is distinctive in having chelicerae with a broad quadri-cuspid retromarginal tooth in both sexes. The embolus is accompanied by a free terminal apophysis, similar to that in the genus Rumburak described below. The epigyne is similar to other Euophryinae, with two oval depressions, short seminal ducts and bean-shaped spermathecae. The distance between the anterior lateral eyes is a little larger than between the posterior laterals in both sexes. Tibia I has four pairs of long ventral spines and metatarsus I has three pairs.</p> <p>Redescription of the type species is given in Duhem, Ledoux &amp; Wesołowska (2005).</p> <p>Distribution. The genus only includes three species occurring on the Mascarene Archipelago.</p> <p>Remark. Two species described by Ledoux (2007) from Reunion demand redescriptions; the form of their chelicerae and lack of free terminal apophysis suggests that they are misplaced (they are similar to some Euophrys members).</p> <p>Genus Rumburak gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Rumburak lateripunctatus Wesołowska, Azarkina &amp; Russell-Smith</p> <p>Diagnosis. The genus is distinctive in the form of the embolus. The embolus forms a basal loop on the bulb apex, and extends towards the palpal tip together with a free terminal apophysis (the embolus appears to be composed of two branches). The presence of a free terminal apophysis sets this genus apart from all other Afrotropical Euophyrinae except Lophostica mauriciana Simon, 1902 from the Mascarene Islands, but the latter has a different cheliceral dentition (a wide retromarginal tooth with four cusps). Rumburak shares some genitalic characters with this subfamily, e.g. an elongated bulb, the spermophore forming three meanders, and the presence of a basal embolic loop. The epigyne resembles those of other Euophryinae genera in its form, with pits hiding the copulatory openings surrounded by sclerotized flanges, but the seminal ducts are relatively shorter than in the other genera.</p> <p>Etymology. Name arbitrary; Rumburak is the name of a bad wizard from a popular Czech film for children. Masculine in gender.</p> <p>Composition. Seven species, of which six are described below as new.</p> <p>Distribution. The genus is restricted to South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF80FFE4FF12FF6BC36CFB49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FF80FFDBFF12FACAC282FEEF.text	E32A8132FF80FFDBFF12FACAC282FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak bellus Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak bellus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 107–112</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, De Hoop Nature Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.533333/lat -34.366665)">Potberg</a>, 34°22'S: 20°32'E, fynbos, Protea obtusiflora leaf litter, 6 April 2004, leg. C. Haddad (NMBA).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The structure of the pedipalp is similar to that in R. lateripunctatus described below, but differs in the clearly shorter tibia, the longer embolus, the longer proximal lobe of bulb and the blunt tip of the tibial apophysis (pointed in R. lateripunctatus).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin for beautiful.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.9, width 1.3, height 0.7. Abdomen: length 1.9, width 1.1. Eye field: length 0.7, anterior width 1.1, posterior width 1.2.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 107. Carapace oval, moderately high, eye field almost black, foveal area light brown, carapace darker towards margins. Some bristles near eyes, sparse colourless hairs on carapace. Clypeus low, dark; chelicerae with two teeth on promargin and single retromarginal tooth, all teeth small (Fig. 108), dorsal surfaces of chelicerae with few white scales. Mouth parts and sternum light brown. Abdomen oval, black streak along its anterior margin, dorsum with brown pattern on cream background; brown patches form faint median belt, with darker brown stripes marked by light dots laterally. Sides brown, venter light with three grey streaks. Hairs corresponding to background colour cover abdomen. Spinnerets dark. Legs light brown with darker femora and distal ends of tibiae, clothed in dense brown hairs. Tibia I with three pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus with two pairs and single spine on prolateral surface at distal end. Pedipalps dark yellow. Palpal tibia short, apophysis with blunt tip (Fig. 111). Bulb oval with large proximal lobe, sperm duct meandering, embolus long and thin,, accompanying with fine terminal apophysis (Figs 110, 112).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FF80FFDBFF12FACAC282FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFBEFFD9FF12FF6BC320F84F.text	E32A8132FFBEFFD9FF12FF6BC320F84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak hilaris Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak hilaris sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 113–119</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, Amatola Mountains, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.933332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.933332/lat -32.583332)">Hogsback</a>, 32°35'S: 26°56'E, afromontane forest, 1145 m a.s.l., sifting leaf litter, 3 April 2012, UFS entomology students (NMSA 26441).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 1 male, 5 females; same locality, 2 females, 23 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad, J.A. Neethling &amp; R. du Preez (AMGS); same locality, exotic forest, sifting leaf litter, 5 males, 8 females, 22 March 2013 (AMGS); same locality, Never Daunted Guest House, hand collecting at night, 3 males, 1 female, 20–23 March 2013 (AMGS); SOUTH AFRICA, Fort Fordyce Forest Reserve, 32°42'S: 26°31'E, roadside, afromontane forest, leaf litter, 2 males, 2 October 2011, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /570); same locality, 2 males, 1 female, 29 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /650); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Somerset-East</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Besterhoek Nature Reserve</a>, 32°42'S: 25°44'E, afromontane forest, leaf litter, 1 male, 4 December 2011, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /572); same locality, 1 male, 2 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /652); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Katberg Pass</a>, 32°29'S: 26°40'E, afromontane forest, leaf litter, 1 male, 1 female, 4 October 2011, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /571); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Stormsrivier</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Tsitsikamma National Park</a>, 34°01'S, 23°53'E, coastal forest, leaf litter, 1 female, 5 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /656); Western Cape Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Rheenendal</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Goudveld Indigenous Forest Reserve</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.983334/lat -33.883335)">Jubilee Creek</a>, 33°53'S, 22°59'E, afromontane forest, leaf litter, 2 females, 8 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /670).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male palp of this species slightly resembles that in R. mirabilis described below (both species have bulb without a proximal lobe) but may be distinguished by the clearly shorter tibia and the longer embolus with a larger basal coil. The female is difficult to distinguish from congeners, but has extremely short seminal ducts.</p> <p>Etymology. Name arbitrary, Latin for cheerful.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.8–3.1/2.3–2.6, width 2.0–2.2/1.6–1.8, height 1.0–1.2/1.0. Abdomen: length 2.5–2.6/2.6–3.0, width 1.9–2.0/1.6–1.8. Eye field: length 1.2/1.1–1.2, anterior and posterior width 1.7–1.8/1.5–1.7.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 113. Carapace brown, eye field shining black, some brown bristles and white hairs near anterior eyes. White hairs form poorly contrasting transverse streak behind last row of eyes. Clypeus low, dark. Chelicerae dark brown, robust, with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin (Fig. 114). Mouth parts dark brown with lighter tips, sternum brown. Abdomen oval, almost black with whitish band along anterior edge, extending to the sides, and median yellowish streak ornamented by dark chevrons posteriorly. Hairs covering abdomen delicate, short. Sides of abdomen covered by mosaic of small dark patches, venter with large black patch, pair of longitudinal whitish streaks and two lines formed by light dots on the patch. Spinnerets greyish. Legs yellow, femora I and II black, III and IV with black distal halves. Darker rings at bases and tips of all metatarsi. Dark coloured specimens with all legs uniformly blackish. Pedipalps light, almost white, only tibial apophysis, cymbium and bulb yellowish brown. Structure of copulatory organ as in Figs 115, 116, embolus long.</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 117. Carapace dark brown, with thin lighter median streak on thoracic part in some specimens, eye field black, shining, only dark hairs on carapace. Abdominal pattern is a mosaic of small black and light patches (also on venter), posteriorly with traces of thin light chevrons. Spinnerets dark yellow. Legs yellowish brown, femora of first pair darker. Pedipalps light. Epigyne weakly sclerotized with two rounded depressions (Fig. 118). Seminal ducts very short, spermathecae bean-shaped, large (Fig. 119).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa.</p> <p>Remarks. In some specimens the terminal apophysis clings to the embolus along most of its length, so the structure of the embolic division demands careful observation.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFBEFFD9FF12FF6BC320F84F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFBCFFDFFF12FA39C399FD62.text	E32A8132FFBCFFDFFF12FA39C399FD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak lateripunctatus Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak lateripunctatus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 120–125</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Hermanus, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.25/lat -34.433334)">Fernkloof Nature Reserve</a>, 34°26'S: 19°15'E, stream valley, in herbs, 11 August 1978, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 2 females; SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, Table Mountain National Park, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.4/lat -34.066666)">Cecilia</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.4/lat -34.066666)">Rooikat Ravine</a>, 33°59'S: 18°24'E, afrotemperate forest, sugar-baited ant trap, 1 male, 21 February 2009, leg. C. Uys (NCA 2011 /898); same locality, Tokai South, 34°04'S: 18°24'E, afrotemperate forest, sugar-baited ant trap, 1 male, 19 January 2009, leg. C. Uys (NCA 2011 /897); same data, 1 female (NCA 2011 /896).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the light coloration of the abdomen, with only some dark markings at the lateral margins. The structure of the male pedipalp slightly resembles that in R. bellus, but the tibia is longer, the proximal lobe of bulb very is short, the embolus is shorter, and the tibial apophysis is pointed., but the seminal ducts are short and broad.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin and refers to the abdominal pattern.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.6/2.5–2.8, width 2.0/2.0–2.1, height 0.9/ 0.9. Abdomen: length 2.3/3.1–3.2, width 1.6/2.2–2.3. Eye field: length 1.2/1.2, anterior width 1.7/1.7–1.8, posterior width 1.6/1.6–1.7.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 120. Carapace oval, moderately high, widest behind midpoint, sloped posteriorly. Eye field short, distance between anterior lateral eyes slightly larger than between posterior laterals. Thoracic part brown, lighter medially, eye field dark brown. Brown and colourless hairs cover carapace, long brown bristles near eyes. Clypeus low, brown. Chelicerae dark, with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin. Labium, endites and sternum yellowish orange. Abdomen oval, whitish yellow with grey markings laterally, scarce long brown bristles on abdominal dorsum. Venter and spinnerets light. Legs yellow with brown hairs and light spines. Tibia I with three pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with two pairs. Pedipalps yellow, clothed in brown hairs. Tibial apophysis curving slightly in ventral view. Bulb rounded, with small proximal lobe, spermophore meandering, embolus thin, form a loop on tip of bulb, with additional terminal apophysis (Fig. 122).</p> <p>Female. Slightly larger than male, similarly coloured. Grey hairs on eye field anteriorly and on thoracic slopes. Abdomen light with greyish marks laterally, but these marks lighter and more numerous than in male. Epigyne with two rounded anterior depressions divided by median ridge (Fig. 124). Internal structures as in Fig. 125, seminal ducts wide.</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Western Cape Province of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFBCFFDFFF12FA39C399FD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFBBFFDEFF12FCD3C47FF950.text	E32A8132FFBBFFDEFF12FCD3C47FF950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak laxus (Zhang & Maddison 2012) Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak laxus (Zhang &amp; Maddison, 2012) comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs 126–134</p> <p>Thyenula laxa Zhang &amp; Maddison 2012: 74, figs 88–91.</p> <p>Thyenula nelshoogte Zhang &amp; Maddison 2012: 75, figs 92–94, syn. nov.</p> <p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA, Gauteng Province, Pretoria National Botanical Gardens, 25°43'S: 28°16'E, hand collected, 1 male, 6 October 2007, leg. E. Kassimatis (NCA 2010 /2264); Pretoria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.233334/lat -26.283333)">Waverley Guest House</a>, in the garden, hand collected, 26°17'S: 28°14'E, 1 male, 4 October 2011, leg. G.N. Azarkina (ISEA 001.3935); Mpumalanga Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.05/lat -25.783333)">Barberton</a>, 25° 47'S: 31°03'E, 1 male, March 1960, leg. R.F. Lawrence (NMSA 7969); Barberton, Agnes, Gold Mine, 25°49'S: 30°58'E, creeper, 1 male, 26 February 1976, leg. E. Ueckermann (NCA 76 / 985); same locality, 1 female, 15 November 1997, leg. W. Croucamp (NCA 2010 /3590); Sabie, Bergvliet, 25°10':30°48'E, pine forest path, sweep net, 1 male, 8 March 1987, leg. M. Filmer (NCA 87 /359); same data, 1 male, 4 female (NCA 87 /649); same data, 10 females (NCA 87 /650); same data, 7 females (NCA 87 /645); same data, 4 females (NCA 2012 /2482); same data, 3 females (NCA 2012 /2483); same data, 1 female (NCA 2012 /2494); same data, 1 male, 11 females (NCA 2012 /2485); same locality, pitfall traps, 7 females, July 1984 – January 1985, leg. A. van den Berg (NCA 87 /645); Sabie, Bergvliet State Forest, 25°07'S: 30°53'E, grass and ferns next to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.133333/lat -27.35)">Sabie river</a>, sweep net, 1 male, 19 September 1984, leg. A.S. Dippenaar (NCA 2012 /2484); Sabie, Bridal Veil waterfall, 25°05'S: 30°43'E, forest, sifting leaf litter, 1 female, 29 September 2012 leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5694); Graskop, forest falls, 24°58'S: 30°49'E, 1 male, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5693); Wakkerstroom, Skurwekoppie, 27°21'S: 30°08'E, sweep net, 1 male, 14 December 2003, leg. E. Kassimatis (NCA 2010 /3276); Limpopo Province, Grootbosch Forest, 23°43'S: 30°01'E, indigenous afromontane forest, 1 female, 29 March 2001, leg. J. Horn (NCA 2010 /3946); Forest Glens, indigenous afromontane forest, 23°58'S: 29°54'E, sweep net, 1 female, 8 January 2002, leg. J. Horn (NCA 2010 /3945); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.866667/lat -24.533333)">Magoebaskloof Pass</a>, 23°52'S: 30°00'E, 1190 m a.s.l., 2 males, 3 females, 6 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5695); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.866667/lat -24.533333)">Mariepskop</a>, 24°32'S: 30°52'E, 1 male, March 1960, leg. R.F. Lawrence (NMSA 7471).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A distinctive species, the male is distinguished by the shape of the embolus (with a flange in its median part) and by the presence of a notch on the tip of the tibial apophysis. The female has a narrow median ridge divided epigynal depressions and seminal ducts which are clearly longer than in congeners.</p> <p>Synonymization. T. laxa was originally described from the male only and T. nelshoogte from the female only. The material studied contains both sexes together, so the species names are synonymized here.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.8–3.0/2.4–3.3, width 1.4–2.2/1.8–2.3, height 1.2–1.6/1.2–1.5. Abdomen: length 1.6–2.6/2.8–3.9, width 1.0–2.0/2.1. Eye field: length 0.8–1.3/1.0–1.3, anterior width 1.4–1.8/1.6–2.0, posterior width 1.3–1.8/1.5–1.9.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 126. Carapace moderately high, sloping posteriorly, dark brown, eye field black, white broad stripe composed of light hairs on thoracic part anteriorly and extending to lateral slopes. Distance between anterior lateral eyes slightly larger than between posteriors. Clypeus, “cheeks” and chelicerae dark brown, covered with sparse brown hairs and bristles. Chelicerae with two teeth on promargin and single retromarginal tooth. Sternum yellow to brown. Abdomen dark brown dorsally, anterior rim velvet black, wide transverse yellow strip near anterior edge (poorly visible in dark specimens) and large light patch and some chevrons posteriorly. Light areas covered with white hairs. Venter greyish brown to dark brown, in some specimens light with darker patches. Book-lung covers greyish brown, spinnerets brown to dark brown. Legs dark brown (first pair darkest), only tarsi light brown to yellow, femora I and II with yellow streaks on lateral surfaces. Pedipalps brown. Palpal femora and patellae with white dense adpressed hairs dorsally. Palpal organ as in Figs 127, 128, tibial apophysis with small notch on tip (Fig. 128). Base of embolic spiral wide, embolus large with “wing” in median part, accompanying terminal apophysis long, with bent tip (Figs 127, 129).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 130. Colouration similar to male. White hairs on carapace absent. “Cheeks” and clypeus brown, chelicerae dark brown. Sternum light brown. Abdominal pattern poorly defined, composed of dense small dark and light spots, anterior rim of abdomen velvet black, venter yellowish with grey spots. Book-lungs and spinnerets brown. Legs brown, tarsi slightly lighter, yellowish brown. Epigyne as in Figs 131, 133, with median ridge. Seminal ducts long, spermathecae bean-shaped (Figs 132, 134).</p> <p>Distribution. The species is distributed in the north-eastern parts of South Africa.</p> <p>Remarks. The structure of the embolus is typical for the genus Rumburak.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFBBFFDEFF12FCD3C47FF950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFBAFFD3FF12F8BEC423FBBF.text	E32A8132FFBAFFD3FF12F8BEC423FBBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak mirabilis Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak mirabilis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 135–141</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, Amatola Mountains, Hogsback, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.95/lat -32.6)">Never Daunted Lodge</a>, 32°36'S: 26°57'E, 1250 m a.s.l., wall of house, 27 March 2011, leg. C. Haddad (NMBA).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 2 females; same locality, Never Daunted Guest House, hand collecting at night, 5 males, 3 females, 20–23 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad, J.A. Neethling &amp; R. du Preez (AMGS); same locality, outside walls of house, 3 males, 4 females 21 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad (AMGS); same locality, beats,</p> <p>shrubs in garden, 1 male, 22 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad (AMGS); SOUTH AFRICA, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.6/lat -32.6)">Fort Beaufort</a>, Mpofu Nature Reserve, 32°36'S: 26°36'E, leaf litter, 1 female, 29 January 2009, leg. S.L. Peinke (NCA 2011 /829).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male is distinctive and characterised by the pedipalp structure which has a very long tibia with the apophysis placed dorsally, a rounded bulb without a proximal lobe and a small embolus with accompanying thin terminal apophysis. The seminal ducts of female epigynum are short and broad, the accessory glands are large and placed in the walls of the spermathecae.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for strange, referring to the unique structure of the male pedipalp.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 3.3/3.1–3.5, width 2.4/2.4–2.5, height 1.5/ 1.4. Abdomen: length 3.2/3.3, width 2.2/2.5. Eye field: length 1.4/1.4, anterior width 2.1/2.0, posterior width 1.9/ 1.8.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 135. Carapace moderately high, thoracic part sloping gently, fovea clearly visible. Eyes surrounded by black rings, but rest of eye field yellow, thorax with median area yellowish grey, lateral parts dark brown, margins of carapace lighter. Brown hairs and bristles on carapace, denser and longer on ocular area. Distance between anterior lateral eyes slightly larger than between posterior laterals. Clypeus high, yellow. Chelicerae dark brown, with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin. Labium and endites brown with paler tips, sternum yellow. Abdomen generally greyish brown with yellowish silver pattern, brown median belt in anterior half of abdomen (Fig. 135). Brown hairs on abdominal dorsum, with long brown bristles among them. Venter light. Spinnerets long, yellowish grey. Legs yellow with brown patches; distal halves of femora darker, tibiae brownish, metatarsi with brown rings at base and tip. First pair of legs long. Leg hairs brown, spines numerous. Three pairs of ventral spines on tibia I ventrally, two pairs on metatarsus. Pedipalps light brown, long. Palpal tibia elongated, with straight apophysis, slightly displaced to dorsal surface (Fig. 138). Bulb rounded, with meandering spermophore, embolus small and thin, placed on tip of bulb, forming very small basal curl (Fig. 136). Additional very thin apophysis accompanying embolus lies behind it, visible only in lateral view (Fig. 139).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, slightly lighter coloured, but pattern on abdomen more contrasting. Venter of abdomen with irregular marks and dots. Epigyne with two rounded depressions with delicate sclerotized flanges (Fig. 140). Seminal ducts very short, spermathecae with thick walls, accessory glands located in walls (Fig. 141).</p> <p>Distribution. A species known from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFBAFFD3FF12F8BEC423FBBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFB7FFD3FF12FBAEC282F805.text	E32A8132FFB7FFD3FF12FBAEC282F805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak tuberatus Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak tuberatus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 142–145</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Limpopo Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.266666/lat -22.966667)">Entabeni</a>, 05, 22°58'S: 30°16'E, night collecting, exposed afromontane forest, 9 February 2008, leg. S.H. Foord, N. Hahn, M. Muthaphuli &amp; M. Mashau (NCA 2012 /2706).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to R. virilis described below. It may be distinguished by the presence of a ventral process on the palpal tibia (the only species in the genus with this process). It also differs in the pedipalp structure; the bulb is wider than the cymbium (narrower in R. virilis) and the embolus is clearly longer with the distal part perpendicular to the long axis of the cymbium (versus parallel in other species).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the presence of a protuberance on the ventral surface of the palpal tibia.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.7, width 1.4, height 1.1. Abdomen: length 1.7, width 1.3. Eye field: length 0.8, anterior and posterior width 1.3.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 142. Carapace moderately high, sloping posteriorly, dark brown with white hairs on lateral slopes. Ocular area dark brown, almost black. Sternum brown. “Cheeks”, clypeus and chelicerae dark brown, with dense white hairs on clypeus and cheeks. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and a broad retrolateral tooth (Fig. 143). Abdomen yellowish brown; dorsum brownish with yellow longitudinal central patch and large light area on posterior half. Sides whitish, venter light (Fig. 142). Book-lung covers and spinnerets brown. Legs brown, distal segments lighter, tarsi yellow. First legs stouter than others, with dark brown tibiae, covered with long dense dark hairs ventrally. Pedipalps dark brown clothed in dark brown hairs. Tibia with large process on ventral surface, tibial apophysis pointed, bulb with short proximal lobe, embolus wide at base, its tip rolled together with tip of terminal apophysis and perpendicular to long axis of cymbium (Figs 144, 145).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFB7FFD3FF12FBAEC282F805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFB6FFD0FF12FC19C42CFDBD.text	E32A8132FFB6FFD0FF12FC19C42CFDBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rumburak virilis Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Rumburak virilis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 146–153</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Mpumalanga Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.883333/lat -24.583334)">Mariepskop Forest Reserve</a>, 24°35'S: 30°53'E, tree beating, afromontane forest, 22 May 2005, leg. J. Horn (NCA 2010 /3937).</p> <p>Paratypes: same locality, litter and bushes, 2 males, 1 female, 17 November 2012, leg. P. Jałoszyński (MRAC).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male is similar to R. bellus and R. tuberatus described above. It differs from R. bellus in the clearly wider and shorter embolus, and shorter proximal lobe of the bulb. It may be distinguished from R. tuberatus by the absence of a ventral process on the tibia, by the bulb being narrower than the cymbium (wider in R. tuberatus) and the shorter embolus. The female differs from other Rumburak spp. by the lack of a ridge between epigynal depressions.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin meaning masculine, courageous.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.3–2.5/2.4, width 1.7–1.9/1.9, height 1.0–1.4/1.1. Abdomen: length 1.9–2.3/2.7, width 1.4–1.7/2.2. Eye field: length 1.1–1.2/1.2, anterior width 1.6–1.8/ 1.7, posterior width 1.5–1.7/1.6.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Figs 146, 147. Carapace oval, high, sloping posteriorly, brown, ocular area slightly darker, black rings around eyes. Delicate translucent hairs on carapace, brown bristles on ocular area, denser at anterior eyes. Clypeus, “cheeks” and chelicerae brown, anterior margins of endites light, sternum yellow. Chelicerae as in Fig. 148. Abdomen ovoid, yellowish grey, anterior margin dark, dorsum with brownish orange median streak anteriorly and chevrons posteriorly (Fig. 146), sides light with small brownish patches, venter yellow or tinged with grey. Some brown bristles on dorsum. Book-lung covers brown, spinnerets yellowish. First pair of legs brown, only tarsi yellow, patellae and tibiae with long brown hairs ventrally. Other legs light yellow, only femora grey. Pedipalps brownish, cymbium darker, long white hairs on tip of palpal tibia dorsally. Palpal organ as in Figs 149, 150, basal part of embolus wide, length of terminal apophysis equal to embolus length.</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 151. Coloration similar to male, but slightly lighter. Dorsum of carapace clothed in brown hairs, some white hairs near eyes. Abdomen swollen, dorsum grey with median serrate yellow streak, sides and venter yellowish with small grey markings. Legs yellow, bearing brown hairs. Epigyne with two round depressions close to each other (Fig. 152). Internal structure as in Fig. 153.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>Genus Tanzania Koçak &amp; Kemal, 2008</p> <p>Replacement name for Lilliput Wesołowska &amp; Russell-Smith, 2000</p> <p>Type species: Lilliput mkomaziensis Wesołowska &amp; Russell-Smith, 2000</p> <p>Description. Diminutive (length 1.3–3 mm) epigeic spiders, collected most often in litter. The male palp lacks a tibial apophysis; the embolus is coiled, ribbon-like, flattened at tip. The epigyne is relatively large, with median a septum and spiral sclerotized flanges surrounding the copulatory openings. The spermathecae are large and spherical. Males have a clearly marked abdominal pattern. The presence of a single very long curved seta on the clypeus is characteristic.</p> <p>Distribution. Poorly known, but probably widespread in the Afrotropical Region.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFB6FFD0FF12FC19C42CFDBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFB4FFD0FF12FD96C0A3FCDC.text	E32A8132FFB4FFD0FF12FD96C0A3FCDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanzania minutus (Wesolowska & Russell-Smith 2000)	<div><p>Tanzania minutus (Wesołowska &amp; Russell-Smith, 2000)</p> <p>Lilliput minutus Wesołowska &amp; Russell-Smith 2000: 63, figs 156–160.</p> <p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Cederberg Wilderness Area, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.15/lat -32.416668)">Driehoek</a> 32°25'S: 19°09'E, 930 m a.s.l., pitfall trap, 1 male, 1 October 2005, leg. E. Nortje &amp; S. Kritzinger-Klopper (NCA 2012 /2493).</p> <p>Distribution. This species was hitherto known from Tanzania, and is here recorded in South Africa for the first time.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFB4FFD0FF12FD96C0A3FCDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFB4FFD0FF12FC35C4D5F85D.text	E32A8132FFB4FFD0FF12FC35C4D5F85D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanzania parvulus Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Tanzania parvulus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 154–160</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.4/lat -28.383333)">Ophathe Game Reserve</a>, 28°23'S: 31°24'E, rocky mountain side, 500 m a.s.l., sifting leaf litter, 1 October 2008, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2008 /4051).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 2 males, 1 female; SOUTH AFRICA, Limpopo Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.616667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.616667/lat -22.983334)">Medike Mountain Reserve</a>, 22°59'S: 29°37'E, 820 m a.s.l., sifting leaf litter, afromontane forest, 8 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5702).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Only two species in the genus have a striped abdominal pattern, T. parvulus and T. striatus described below. The male is distinguishable by the shape of the embolus, which is thin and forms a full loop (clearly wider in T. striatus), the female has spherical spermathecae (versus oval in the latter species).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for very small, referring to the size of this spider.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 0.7–0.8/0.8–0.9, width 0.6/0.6–0.7, height 0.3/0.3–0.4. Abdomen: length 0.6–0.7/0.9–1.1, width 0.5/0.7–0.9. Eye field: length 0.3/0.3–0.4, anterior and posterior width 0.6/0.6–0.7.</p> <p>Male. Very small spider, about 1.5 mm in length. Carapace moderately high, with large flat area and sloping posteriorly, light brown with black line along edges, eye field blackish, traces of dark brown patch on foveal area. Transparent hairs cover carapace, some long bristles near eyes, light hairs surround anterior eyes. Eyes relatively large, convex. Clypeus very low, with single long protruding seta. Mouth parts light yellowish. Abdomen rounded, yellowish orange with three wide brown stripes on dorsum and narrow brown stripe on sides. Long bristles present on anterior edge of abdomen. Spinnerets short, dark. Legs yellow, dark rings on bases and tips of their distal segments. Pedipalps relatively large, yellow. Palpal tibia without apophysis (Fig. 157), bulb oval, sperm duct meandering, embolus thin, forming loop on tip of bulb, small spike-like apophysis at base of embolus (Figs 154–156).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 158. A little larger than male, shape of body and colouration similar. Anterior eyes surrounded by fawn scales. Venter of abdomen yellowish, clothed in brown hairs. Spinnerets light yellow with grey tips. Legs yellow, with dark patch at distal end of all femora retrolaterally, dark rings at base of tibiae and both ends of metatarsi. Epigyne large, with two rounded depressions (Fig. 159). Internal structure as in Fig. 160, seminal ducts short, spermathecae spherical with large accessory glands in their walls.</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo Provinces of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFB4FFD0FF12FC35C4D5F85D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFB3FFD5FF12FAA5C4FFFCF4.text	E32A8132FFB3FFD5FF12FAA5C4FFFCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanzania striatus Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Tanzania striatus sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 161–169</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.433332/lat -33.983334)">Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens</a>, 33°59'S: 18°26'E, fynbos, leaf litter, 12 September 2008, leg. C. Uys (NCA 2011 /892).</p> <p>Paratype: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.416666/lat -33.966667)">Table Mountain National Park</a>, 33°58′S 18°25′E, fynbos, leaf litter, 1 female, 4 October 2008, leg. C. Uys (NCA 2013 /2361).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is similar to T. parvulus described above. The male may be recognized by the shape of the embolus, which is large, clearly wider and has a forked tip, the female has oval spermathecae (rounded in T. parvulus).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for striped, referring to the abdominal pattern.</p> <p>Description. Measurement (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 0.9/0.9, width 0.7/0.7, height 0.3/0.4. Abdomen: length 0.8/1.3, width 0.6/0.9. Eye field: length 0.3/0.4, anterior and posterior width 0.5/0.6.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Figs 161, 162. Very small spider, only a little larger than T. parvulus. Carapace moderately high, flat area extends half way the thorax, posterior slope steep. Eye field short, black; thoracic part dark yellow with wide median brown streak and dark margins, small irregular brownish marks on slopes. Hairs covering carapace brown and colourless, some long bristles near eyes, light hairs in vicinity of anterior eyes. Clypeus low, with single long protruding seta. Mouth parts yellowish, sternum yellow with brown marginal ring. Abdomen striped, with three brown streaks on yellow background (Fig. 161). Venter light, thin brown lines along sides of abdomen. Light hairs cover abdomen, among them some long brown bristles. Spinnerets blackish. Femora of legs yellow, other segments with brown rings. Leg hairs brown, spines lighter. Pedipalps orange, without tibial apophysis. Bulb oval, sperm duct meandering, embolus large, spirally twisted as in corkscrew, bifurcated at tip (Figs 163–167).</p> <p>Female. Coloration as in male. Eye field clothed in dense short grey hairs, anterior eyes surrounded by light scales. Legs yellow with black rings. Epigyne relatively large, with two rounded depressions (Fig. 168). Internal structure as in Fig. 169, seminal ducts short, spermathecae oval, accessory glands in walls of spermathecae.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>Genus Thyenula Simon, 1902</p> <p>Type species: Thyenula juvenca Simon, 1902</p> <p>Description. Medium sized to large spiders (length 4–11 mm), usually dark coloured with light markings on the abdomen. The tibial apophysis of the male palp is relatively long and tapering, in the majority of species with a series of minute teeth on inner margin near the tip. The embolus is coiled through 360° and the diameter of the embolic spiral is large, greater than half the width of the bulb, its plane parallel to the long axis of the bulb. The bulb has a proximal lobe in the majority of species. Males of some species have the patella and tibia of the first leg decorated with dense long hairs ventrally. In some cases, the retromarginal tooth of chelicerae has a distinctive shape, being elongated or very wide or bicuspid. The epigyne has enlarged shallow pits, occupying much of epigynal area. The seminal ducts are long, usually looped; the spermathecae are bean-shaped and two-chambered in some species. The sclerotized flanges encircling the epigynal pits form a pattern characteristic for each species.</p> <p>Redescription of the type species is given in Wesołowska (2012).</p> <p>Distribution. Species of the genus are known only from South Africa and Zimbabwe.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFB3FFD5FF12FAA5C4FFFCF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFB1FFD4FF12FC5BC15CF8D5.text	E32A8132FFB1FFD4FF12FC5BC15CF8D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula alotama Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula alotama sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 170–175</p> <p>Holotype: female, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, Amatola Mountains, Hogsback, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.933332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.933332/lat -32.583332)">Amatola Forestry Company</a> offices, 32°35'S: 26°56'E, under vegetation, 22 April 2012, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2013 /574).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 2 males, 1 female; same locality, 1145 m a.s.l., afromontane forest, 1 male, 1 female, 3 April 2012, leg. UFS students (NCA 2013 /577); same locality, pine plantation, 1 female, 21 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad (AMGS); same locality, waterfall, sweep-netting fynbos, 1 male, 25 April 2012, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2013 /569); same locality, Never Daunted Guest House, hand collecting at night, 1female, 20–23 March 2013, leg. C. Haddad, J.A. Neethling &amp; R.du Preez (AMGS); SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Pietermaritzburg, 29°36'S: 30°22'E, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.366667/lat -29.6)">Town Bush</a>, ground layer, clearing in humid forest, 5 males, 6 females, 18 April 1976, leg. F. Wanless &amp; A. Russell-Smith (NHM); same locality, ground layer on wattle plantation, 1 male, 2 females, 15 April 1976 (NHM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The copulatory organs of this species are very similar to those of T. leighi (Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903) but the latter species is easily recognized by the characteristic coloration (Wesołowska 2012: fig. 53). T. alotama is also related to T. aurantiaca (Simon, 1902) and T. fidelis Wesołowska &amp; Haddad, 2009, but can be recognized by the shape of the retromarginal tooth of the chelicerae and the striped pattern of the abdomen. The female has longer seminal ducts than T. aurantiaca and larger spermathecae than T. fidelis (compare Fig. 175 herein with Fig. 183 herein and in Wesołowska &amp; Haddad 2009: fig. 199). The male palp is very similar to those in both of these species and is difficult to distinguish, but the tibial apophysis has a serrated rim.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is anagram of Amatola, the mountain range where the species occurs.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.3–3.2/2.5–2.9, width 1.8–2.3/1.9–2.2, height 1.0–1.1/1.0–1.2. Abdomen: length 2.5–3.4/3.1–3.6, width 1.7–1.9/2.2–2.5. Eye field: length1.0–1.3/1.0–1.3, anterior and posterior width 1.5–1.9/1.4–1.8.</p> <p>Male. Carapace oval, eye field shiny black, thoracic part dark brown with three lighter streaks. Brown hairs on carapace, longer bristles at eyes. Clypeus low, dark. Chelicerae robust, with large retromarginal tooth (Fig. 170). Mouth parts brown with whitish tips. Sternum brown, black in centre. Abdomen generally dark, with mosaic of blackish small patches on light background dorsally, clothed in long brown hairs and bristles. Venter black with four lines formed by light dots. Spinnerets dark. First pair of legs black, patella and tibia with long dense black hairs. Other legs brown, only coxae, trochanters and femora black. Pedipalps brownish. Palpal organ as in Figs 171, 172, tibial apophysis serrated along inner margin.</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 173. Coloration similar to male, or slightly lighter. Three light contrasting streaks on carapace, clearly visible. Some white hairs on clypeus, traces of lighter chevrons on dorsum of abdomen posteriorly. Sternum light, whitish yellow. Legs orange brownish, with dark patches on distal ends of femora and tibiae. Epigyne as in Fig. 174, seminal ducts looping anteriorly, spermathecae large(Fig. 175).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from Pietermaritzburg and the Amatola Mountains in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFB1FFD4FF12FC5BC15CF8D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFAFFFCAFF12FA50C28BF912.text	E32A8132FFAFFFCAFF12FA50C28BF912.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula aurantiaca (Simon 1902)	<div><p>Thyenula aurantiaca (Simon, 1902)</p> <p>Figs 176–183</p> <p>Hyllus aurantiacus Simon 1902: 392.</p> <p>Tularosa ogdeni Peckham &amp; Peckham 1903: 246, pl. 28, figs 4–4d.</p> <p>Tularosa aurantiacus Clark 1974: 17.</p> <p>Thyenula ogdeni Wesołowska 1993: 34, figs 1–10.</p> <p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Cape <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.55/lat -28.133333)">Vidal</a> coastal forest, 28°08'S: 32°33'E, leaf litter, 1 male, 12 May 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /592); Ndumo Game Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.316666/lat -26.9)">Pongola River</a>, 26°54'S: 32°19'E, riverine forest, canopy fogging Breonardia salicina, 1 male, 2 July 2009, leg. C. Haddad, R. Lyle &amp; V. Butler (NMSA 26477); Durban, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.05/lat -29.883333)">Bluff</a>, 29°53′S: 31°03′E, coastal dune scrub, 1 male, 17 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.366667/lat -29.6)">Pietermaritzburg</a>, 29°36'S: 30°22'E, pitfall trap, 1 female, 31 January 1983, leg. C. Schultz (NCA 83 /306); Pietermaritzburg, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.383333/lat -29.616667)">Clarendon</a> garden, 29°37′S: 30°23′E, 1 male, 1 female, 19 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM); same locality, 1 male, 1 female, 10 October 1985 (NMSA 26442); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.066666/lat -27.416666)">Jozini</a>, 27°25'S: 32°04'E, pitfall trap, 24 January 1983, 3 females, leg. C. Schultz (NCA 83 /302); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.416668/lat -27.016666)">Tembe Elephant Park</a>, 27°01'S: 32°25'E, sweep net in grass, 1 male, 1 female, 15 April 2003, leg. A. Honiball (NCA 2007 /1758); Hluhluwe, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.266666/lat -28.016666)">Zulu Nyala Game Reserve</a>, 28°01'S: 32°16'E, under rocks in grass, 1 female, 13 November 1976, leg. P. Reavell (NCA 84 /647); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.283333/lat -28.033333)">Hluhluwe Sanctuary</a>, 28°02'S: 32°17'E, 3.IV.2001, forest, 1 female, leg. C.L. Deeleman- Reinhold (ISEA 001.3800); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.35/lat -30.85)">Margate</a>, 30°51'S: 30°21'E, sweep net in grass, 1 female, 17 October 1979, leg. C.J. Cilliers (NCA 2012 /2489); Vryheid, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.45/lat -27.766666)">Ngome State Forest</a>, 27°46'S, 31°27'E, pitfall trap, 1 female, 28 January 1983, leg. C. Schultz (NCA 83 /296); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.85/lat -29.8)">Pinetown</a>, 29°48'S: 30°51'E, active search, under stones, 1 female, 6 June 1986, leg. C.J. Smit (NCA 87 /370); Eastern Cape Province, Grahamstown, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.516666/lat -33.3)">Whitnall Street</a>, 33°18'S: 26°31'E, on car, 1 female, 16 September 1978, leg. P. Croeser (NCA 83 /516); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.533333/lat -33.3)">Grahamstown</a>, 33°18′S: 26°32′E, in damp grass, stream valley, 2 males, 1 female, 32 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM); 21 km NW of Grahamstown, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.516666/lat -33.3)">Farm Thursford</a>, 33°18'S: 26°31'E, on Opuntia aurantiaca, 6 females, 1 January 1974, leg. J. Hoffmann (NCA 78 /20); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.8/lat -33.016666)">Fort Grey</a>, 33°01'S: 27°48'E, sweep net in mixed herbs, 1 male, 2 December 1977, leg. A.S. Dippenaar (NCA 77 / 1150); Balfour, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.6/lat -32.6)">Mpofu Nature Reserve</a>, 32°36'S: 26°36'E, in grassland, 1 female, 29 January 2009, leg. S.L. Peink (NCA 2011 /825); East London, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.9/lat -33.0)">Pineapple Research Station</a>, 33°00'S: 27°54'E, pitfall trap, 1 female, 15 May 1985, leg. D.P. Keetch (NCA 95 /326); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.6/lat -33.95)">Port Elizabeth</a>, 33°57'S: 25°36'E, 1 female, 5 January 1981, leg. W. Branch (NCA 83 /423); Northern Cape Province, 30 km SW of Prieska, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.5/lat -29.8)">Farm Good Hope</a>, 29°48'S: 22°30'E, pitfall trap, 1 male, 18 January 2006, leg. V. Burger (NCA 2010 /3974); Western Cape Province, Cederberg Wilderness Area, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.366667/lat -32.466667)">Wupperthal</a>, 32°28'S: 19°22'E, pitfall trap, 1 male, October, 2008, leg. E. Nortje &amp; S. Kritzinger-Klopper (NCA 2012 /2488); Gauteng Province, Pretoria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.183332/lat -25.733334)">Tshwane</a>, 25°44'S: 28°11'E, in silk webbing in hollow weed, 1 female, 20 May 1999, leg. R. Urban (NCA 2010 /3591); Limpopo Province, Vaalwater, 12 km N of Vaalwater, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.1/lat -24.283333)">Suikerbosplaat Private Game Farm</a>, 24°17'S: 28°06'E, sweep net in grass, 1 female, 5 December 1996, leg. J. Leeming (NCA 97 / 687).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is related to several other Thyenula species, especially to T. alotoma described above and T. fidelis Wesołowska &amp; Haddad, 2009. It is easily distinguished from T. alotoma by the coloration of the carapace (lack of light stripes) and the lack of small denticles on the tibial apophysis of the male palp, as well as the larger spermathecae in female. The male differs from T. fidelis by the larger diameter of the embolic spiral, the female by the longer seminal ducts.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.3–2.5/2.6–2.8, width1.7–1.9/1.9–2.2, height 1.2–1.4/1.2–1.4. Abdomen: length 2.0/2.5–3.0, width 1.4–1.6/2.1–2.5. Eye field: length 1.0–1.2/1.2, anterior and posterior width 1.7–1.8/2.0.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 176. Carapace oval, very high, black with lighter (brownish) area at fovea. Dorsal surface and slopes with white hairs, some similar hairs on eye field anteriorly. Fawn scales between and below anterior row of eyes. Clypeus low, black, sometimes with white hair. Chelicerae blackish, with two promarginal teeth and single wide tooth on retromargin (Fig. 178), in some specimens bicuspid (Fig. 177). Mouth parts and sternum brown. Abdomen dark (dorsum clothed in mosaic of small dark patches on pale background) with light band on anterior margin spreading to sides, large yellowish patch in posterior half of abdomen and thin dark transverse lines on the patch posteriorly. Venter brownish with four lines composed of light dots. Scarce brown hairs on abdominal dorsum. Spinnerets yellowish grey. Legs I and II black, only tarsi yellow. Legs III and IV lighter, brownish, but basal two thirds of femora and entire metatarsi and tarsi yellow. Coxae of all legs light yellow. Leg hairs brown and whitish, spines dark. Pedipalps light, whitish, only palpal tibia and bulb light brown. Palpal tibia short. Palpal organ as in Figs 179, 180, tibial apophysis thin, embolic coil great.</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 181. Similar to male, semicircular lighter area on thoracic part anteriorly. Venter of abdomen yellow with numerous brownish marks. Legs dark yellowish to light brown. Epigyne with small oval depressions and copulatory openings placed anteriorly (Fig. 182). Seminal ducts short, spermathecae relatively large (Fig. 183).</p> <p>Distribution. A common species in South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFAFFFCAFF12FA50C28BF912	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFAEFFC8FF12F8E3C47AFDCF.text	E32A8132FFAEFFC8FF12F8E3C47AFDCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula cheliceroides Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula cheliceroides sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs184–188</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Durban, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.05/lat -29.883333)">Bluff</a>, 29°53′S: 31°03′E, on shrubs, coastal dune scrub, 17 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, nr <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.3/lat -30.7)">Park Rynie</a>, 30°16'S: 30°34'E, 2 males, 25 March 1985, leg. R. Maartens (NCA 86 /586); same locality, afromontane forest, leaf litter, 1 male, 26 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /665); Oribi Gorge, 30º42'S: 30º18'E, 1 male, 20 December 1980, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species, one of the largest in the genus, is closely related to T. magna Wesołowska &amp; Haddad, 2009, but may be distinguished by the characteristic shape of the retrolateral tooth of chelicerae, which is very broad (compare Fig. 186 herein with Wesołowska &amp; Haddad 2009: fig. 200).</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the large chelicerae of this species.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 5.3, width 3.4, height 1.6. Abdomen: length 5.6, width 3.3. Eye field: length 1.9, anterior width 2.7, posterior width 2.9.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 184. Large spider, one of the largest in the genus. Carapace oval, almost black, slightly lighter in foveal area, clothed in brown hairs, long brown bristles at anterior eyes. Clypeus very low, dark. Chelicerae large, robust, dark brown, with two teeth on promargin and very broad tooth on retromarginal edge (Figs 185, 186). Labium and endites brown with whitish tips; sternum dark. Abdomen dark, with traces of serrate lighter streak medially, dense golden fawn hairs cover dorsum, among them scarce long bristles. Venter dark. Legs dark brown, first pair stouter and longer than others, covered - especially tibiae - with dense long dark hairs. Pedipalps relatively small, dark, clothed in dense long brown hairs. Femur of palp long, bulb short, without proximal lobe, embolus thin, with close basal loop (Fig. 187).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from southern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFAEFFC8FF12F8E3C47AFDCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFACFFC8FF12FD47C36DF83C.text	E32A8132FFACFFC8FF12FD47C36DF83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula clarosignata Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula clarosignata sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 189–194</p> <p>Holotype: female, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.5/lat -31.65)">Silaka Nature Reserve</a>, 31°39'S: 29°30'E, base of grasses and ferns, 11 January 2011, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2010 /2705).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 4 males, 3 females; together with holotype, 1 male, 1 female (MRAC); same data, 6 females (NCA 2010 /2721); SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Port Edward, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.183332/lat -31.066668)">Umtamvuna River</a> Lodge, 31°04'S: 30°11'E, sifting leaf litter, coastal forest, 3 males, 2 females, 12 January 2011, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2010 /2701).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The structure of the male pedipalp is very similar to that of some other Thyenula spp. The male may be distinguished by the coloration of the abdomen (presence of a light transverse band in the posterior part) and by the light coloration of the basal palpal segments. The female is recognizable by the structure of the epigyne which has a unique narrow curved epigynal depressions and the longest spermathecae in the genus.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin for light and mark, referring to the presence of light bands on the abdomen of the male.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 2.1–2.3/2.2–2.3, width 1.5–1.8/1.6–1.7, height 1.0/1.0. Abdomen: length 1.9–2.0/2.3–2.5, width 1.4–1.5/1.4–1.5. Eye field: length 0.9–1.1/1.0–1.1, anterior width 1.4–1.7/1.4–1.5, posterior width 1.3–1.6/1.4–1.5.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 189. Carapace moderately high, sloping abruptly posteriorly, dark brown with shiny black eye field. Blackish hairs surround anterior eyes, some brown hairs on carapace, white hairs form two light streaks on thoracic part and small patch between anterior median eyes. Clypeal mat of hairs white. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single wide tooth on retromargin. Mouth parts and sternum brown. Abdomen ovoid, dark brown with two transverse bands formed of white hairs, the first near anterior margin spreading to the sides and the second in the posterior half of the abdomen (Fig. 189). Dense brown hairs along anterior edge of dorsum. Venter dark with four lines composed of light dots. Spinnerets light. Legs dark brown, only tarsi yellowish. Leg hairs and spines dark. Patella and tibia of pedipalp clothed in dense light yellowish hairs (Fig. 189). Pedipalps light, only cymbium and bulb brownish. Structure of palpal organ similar to other members of the genus, diameter of embolic spiral large (Fig. 190). Tibial apophysis thin and sharply pointed at tip, with serrate inner border near the tip (Fig. 191).</p> <p>Female. Generally similar to male, clypeus without white hairs, light streaks on thoracic part also absent. Abdomen blackish brown with mosaic composed of numerous small light patches with traces of lighter chevrons posteriorly. Venter light with a few irregular large dark stains. Epigyne with two narrow lateral semicircular depressions (Fig. 193). Internal structure as in Fig. 194, seminal ducts in median part narrow, with accessory glands, spermathecae single chambered, elongated.</p> <p>Distribution. The south-eastern part of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFACFFC8FF12FD47C36DF83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFAAFFCDFF12F9A6C4A6FD62.text	E32A8132FFAAFFCDFF12F9A6C4A6FD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula dentatidens Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula dentatidens sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 195–199</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.483334/lat -28.266666)">Mission Rock Beach Area</a>, 28°16'S: 32°29'E, canopy fogging, Trichilia emetica, 12 May 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling &amp; C. Luwes (NCA 2013 /582).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 2 males (NCA 2013 /583).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is related to T. magna Wesołowska &amp; Haddad, 2009 and T. cheliceroides described above. It can be easily distinguished from those species by the form of the chelicerae which are elongated and have a characteristically long retromarginal tooth (compare Fig. 197 herein with Fig. 186 herein and Wesołowska &amp; Haddad 2009: fig. 200).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the presence of a very long cheliceral tooth.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 3.4–4.1, width 2.6–3.1, height 1.5–1.6. Abdomen: length 2.9–4.3, width 2.0–3.5. Eye field: length 1.6–2.0, anterior width 2.4–2.8, posterior width 2.3–2.7.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 195. Medium sized to large spider. Carapace oval, high, brown with darker margins, eyes surrounded by black rings, fovea clearly visible. Some brown hairs on carapace, long bristles in vicinity of eyes. Clypeus low, dark. Chelicerae very large, with two small promarginal teeth, long retromarginal tooth and long fang (Figs 196, 197), dorsal surface of chelicerae very dark, with metallic shine. Labium and endites brown with whitish tips, sternum light brown. Abdomen oval, dorsum covered by mosaic of dark brown spots on creamy whitish background, with light serrate belt median passing into chevrons posteriorly. Venter yellowish tinged with grey. Some brown hairs on abdomen. Spinnerets light grey. First pair of legs longest, brown, femora with black streak on prolateral surface, tibiae blackish, clothed in long dense black hairs ventrally. Other legs light brown, basal parts of femora slightly lighter. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalps relatively small, their femora long and thin. Palpal organ as in Figs198, 199, proximal lobe of bulb absent.</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality.</p> <p>Remarks. These specimens were collected from the canopy of Trichilia emetica by fogging.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFAAFFCDFF12F9A6C4A6FD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA9FFCCFF12FCD3C49EFAD8.text	E32A8132FFA9FFCCFF12FCD3C49EFAD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula haddadi Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula haddadi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 200–206</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.366667/lat -29.6)">Pietermaritzburg</a>, 29°36'S: 30°22'E, Town Bush, on pine trunks, 15 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 8 males, 2 females; same data, 1 male, 1 female (MRAC); same locality, clearing in humid forest, 2 males, 18 April 1976, leg. A. Russell-Smith (NHM); same locality, 1 female, 23 August 1983, leg. P. Croeser &amp; C. Griswold (NMSA 26496); same data, 1 male, 1 female, 19 October 1985 (NMSA 26442); 25 km NNW of Pietermaritzburg, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.316668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.316668/lat -29.433332)">Karkloof Forest</a>, 29°26'S: 30°19'E, 1400 m a.s.l., leaf litter, 1 female, 9 December 1983, leg. C. Griswold (NMSA 26501).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is very similar to T. leighi (Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903) in the coloration but differs by the location of white hairs on eye field. These hairs form a thin line along the anterior margin of the eye field in T. leighi, whereas T. haddadi has patches between the anterior eyes (compare Fig. 200 herein with Wesołowska 2012: fig. 59). The copulatory organs of this species are very similar to those of T. clarosignata described above. T. haddadi is easily distinguished from T. clarosignata by the abdominal pattern (lack of light transverse strip) and the lack of small denticles on the tibial apophysis of the male palp, as well as the placement of the epigynal depressions (lateral in T. clarosignata versus anterior in T. haddadi) and the broader spermathecae in female.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Charles Haddad, an arachnologist from University of the Free State of South Africa, specialist in African corinnids.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.9–3.1/2.5–2.6, width 1.5–2.3/1.7–2.0, height 0.9–1.1/1.2–1.3. Abdomen: length 1.9–2.7/2.0–2.2, width 1.5–2.0/2.0–2.7. Eye field: length 1.0–1.3/ 1.1–1.3, anterior width 1.5–1.8/1.8–1.9, posterior width 1.4–1.6/1.7–1.8.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 200. Carapace moderately high, gently sloping posteriorly, brown with darker eye field and lighter patch on foveal area. White hairs form wide streaks on sides and two small rounded patches at fovea (only in some specimens). Anterior eyes surrounded by whitish scales. Eye field with characteristic pattern forming by white hairs; two oblique short streaks between anterior median and lateral eyes and a patch in shape of turned V between anterior medians (Fig. 200). Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth and single tooth on retromargin. Endites and labium brown with paler tips, sternum orange brownish. Abdomen ovoid, with wide brown streak medially, sometimes broken into chevrons posteriorly, sides yellowish with small dark irregular patches. Venter light with some darker markings, in darker specimens with broad median brown stripe. Spinnerets yellowish grey. Legs yellowish to brown, femur III with broad dark rings at base and tip (similar rings on femur IV, but poorly contrasting). Long dense blackish hairs on tibia I ventrally. Pedipalps orange with slightly darker distal parts. Tibial apophysis thin, diameter of embolic spiral large, equal breadth of cymbium (Fig. 201).</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Fig. 203. Carapace brown with slightly darker eye field, clothed in brown hairs and bristles. Anterior eyes surrounded by fawn scales. Clypeus low, light brown. Mouth parts as in male. Abdomen generally greyish beige with ill defined pattern composed of small lighter patches and chevrons, covered with thin shiny hairs. Venter light with small darker patches. Legs light brown, bearing brown hairs. Epigyne oval with large anterior depression framed with sclerotized flanges (Figs 204, 205). Internal structure as in Fig. 206, seminal ducts short.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA9FFCCFF12FCD3C49EFAD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA8FFC3FF12FA39C268FE02.text	E32A8132FFA8FFC3FF12FA39C268FE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula montana Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula montana sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 207–210</p> <p>Holotype: male, LESOTHO, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.4/lat -29.05)">Mafika-Lisiu Pass</a>, 29°03'S: 28°24'E, 3070 m a.s.l., under rocks, 9 March 2003, leg. C. Haddad (NCA 2013 /3414).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is easily recognizable from congeners by the striped coloration of the body, only T. virgulata described below has a similar pattern. It differs from the latter species in the clearly shorter embolus, forming one loop (one and a half in T. virgulata), and by the presence of a cymbial tutaculum (ear-shaped process).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to its montane habitat.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.8, width 1.2, height 0.6. Abdomen: length 1.8, width 1.2. Eye field: length 0.7, anterior and posterior width 1.1.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 207. Carapace oval, moderately high, brown with black eye field. Sides of carapace yellowish, with thin brown line along margins. Carapace covered with brown hairs, long brown bristles on eye field anteriorly. White hairs form two bands starting from eyes and extending to posterior carapace edge. Thin white line formed by light hairs on anterior edge of eye field. Anterior median eyes surrounded by fawn scales. Clypeus clothed in white hairs. Mouth parts and sternum yellow. Abdomen brown with lighter greyish fawn median band, and white streaks on sides. Some dark marks on sides, venter yellowish. Abdominal dorsum clothed in hairs corresponding to background colour, among them some longer bristles. Legs yellow, their hairs brown, spines long, light brown. Pedipalps yellow, clothed in very dense brown hairs. Embolus coiled (Fig. 208), forming single loop. Ear-shaped process on retrolateral side of cymbium basally, enveloping tibial apophysis (Fig. 209).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality, the highest point in southern Africa from which a euophryine has been recorded (&gt; 3000m a.s.l.).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA8FFC3FF12FA39C268FE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA6FFC2FF12FA10C2C5F8D4.text	E32A8132FFA6FFC2FF12FA10C2C5F8D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula munda (Peckham & Peckham 1903) Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula munda (Peckham &amp; Peckham 1903) comb. nov.</p> <p>Saitis mundus Peckham &amp; Peckham 1903: 198, pl. 21, figs 3, 3a.</p> <p>Thyenula hortensis Wesołowska &amp; Cumming 2008: 219, figs181–187, syn. nov.</p> <p>Material. 2 males, syntypes of S. mundus, ZIMBABWE, Gazaland, Mashonaland, (MCZ); 3 males, 4 females, paratypes of T. hortensis, Harare, suburban garden, pitfall trap, 8–22 November 2004, leg. M. Cumming (MNH).</p> <p>Description of both sexes in Wesołowska &amp; Cumming (2008).</p> <p>Remarks. The syntypes of S. mundus are identically with the paratypes of T. hortensis, only differing in missing the white streaks along the lateral slopes of carapace, probably the consequence of rubbing off these light hairs. The synonymy of the two species is proposed here.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from Zimbabwe.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA6FFC2FF12FA10C2C5F8D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA5FFC0FF12FF6BC286FC97.text	E32A8132FFA5FFC0FF12FF6BC286FC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula rufa Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula rufa sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 211–221</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.616667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.616667/lat -30.266666)">Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve</a>, 30°16'S: 30°37'E, canopy fogging Vepris lanceolata, 26 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /663).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 1 male, 3 females; Eastern Cape Province, Transkei coast, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.583334/lat -31.366667)">Mzimhlava river</a> mouth, 31°22'S: 29°35'E, coastal evergreen forest, 2 males, February 1980, leg. M. Baddeley (MRAC 166 643).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is related to other large sized members of the genus, its characteristic feature is the presence of coppery coloured hairs on the abdomen. The male may be distinguished by the characteristic large chelicerae with single prolateral tooth (other species possesses two prolateral teeth). The structure of the epigyne is similar to that of T. aurantiaca (Simon, 1902), but the seminal ducts are longer with wide initial part.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for red-haired, refers to the presence of coppery coloured hairs on the body.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 4.8–5.2/3.9–4.2, width 3.6–4.2/3.4–3.6, height 2.4–2.6/2.0–2.4. Abdomen: length 4.6–4.8/3.1–4.1, width 2.7–3.4/2.3–2.6. Eye field: length 1.9–2.0/ 1.6–1.8, anterior and posterior width 2.7–3.0/2.7–2.9.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 211. Large spider with robust chelicerae. Carapace oval, orange brownish, almost naked, only with some short brown hairs on thoracic part, fovea clearly visible. Eye field short, eyes surrounded by black rings, few longer bristles near eyes. Clypeus very low, brown. Chelicerae large, robust, light brown, with single tooth on promargin and bicuspid tooth on retromarginal edge, fang short (Figs 212, 213). Endites and labium light brown with cream tips, sternum yellow. Abdomen ovoid, greyish brown with wide light median band, clothed in dense reddish hairs, denser on sides and anterior margin, among them long brown bristles. Venter and spinnerets light yellowish. Legs yellowish brown, bearing dark brown hairs and spines. Pedipalps relatively small. Bulb short, without proximal lobe, embolus thin, with close basal loop (Fig. 214), tibial apophysis wide (Fig. 215).</p> <p>Female. Generally similar to male (Figs 216, 217), slightly smaller. Some white hairs near eyes. Chelicerae robust, with two promarginal teeth and large bicuspid retrolateral tooth (Figs 218, 219). Coloration of abdomen varied, from uniformly yellowish brown to ornamented by a few pairs of black patches (Fig. 216), reddish hairs always present. Epigyne weakly sclerotized, with small anterolateral depressions (Fig. 220). Seminal ducts short, broad in initial part, two pairs of accessory glands, first fall into distal part of seminal ducts, second placed in spermatheca wall (Fig. 221).</p> <p>Distribution. Southeastern coast of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA5FFC0FF12FF6BC286FC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA4FFC7FF12FC7FC3AAFF7A.text	E32A8132FFA4FFC7FF12FC7FC3AAFF7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula sempiterna Wesolowska 1999	<div><p>Thyenula sempiterna Wesołowska, 1999</p> <p>Figs 222–224</p> <p>Thyenula sempiterna Wesołowska 1999: 169, figs 74–76.</p> <p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA, Limpopo Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.416666/lat -23.0)">Soutpansberg Mts</a>, 23°00'S: 29°25'E, 1430 m a.s.l., woodland, 1 male, 30 November 2006, leg. P. Tshivhandekano (UV 1664); same data, leaf litter sifting, 1 female, leg. S.H. Foord, B. van der Waal, A. Mboyi &amp; V. Gelebe (UV 1871); same data, 1 male (UV 1916); same data, 1 male (UV 1903); same data, 1 female (UV 1907); same data, 2 females (UV 1924); same locality, 1 female, 1 November 2004, leg. M. Mafadza (UV 287); same locality, gallery forest, 1084 m a.s.l., 2 females, 22 November 2005, leg. F. Mbedzi (UV 1382); same locality, open woodland (Burkea africana), 1 female, 27 November 2006, leg. P. Tshivhandekano (UV 2286); same locality, woodland, 2 females, 2 December 2006, leg. M. Muthapuli (UV 1876); same locality, 1579 m a.s.l., open sedge-land, branch beating, 1 female, 1 December 2006, leg. M. Mashau (UV 1889); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.45/lat -23.016666)">Lajuma Mountain</a> Retreat, pitfall traps, 23°01'S, 29°27'E, 1 male, 13 July 2007, leg. M. van der Merwe (NCA 98 /34); SOUTH AFRICA, Entabeni, 23°00'S: 30°13'E, sheltered <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.216667/lat -23.0)">Afromontane forest</a>, 1262 m a.s.l., branch beating, 1 female, 11 February 2008, leg. M. Muthapuli (UV); Legalameetse Nature Reserve, Farm Malta, 24°09'S: 30°15'E, 931 m a.s.l., riverine flood plain, 1 female, 18 January 2009, leg. N. Hahn (NCA 2010 /5255).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species resembles T. wesolowskae Zhang &amp;Maddison, 2012 but may be distinguished from it by the structure of genitalia. The male palp has a broader bulb, clearly shorter embolus with a different form of the embolar disc. The epigyne has shorter seminal ducts with broad inlet parts and bean-shaped spermathecae (versus rounded in T. wesolowskae).</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male). Cephalothorax: length 2.0, width 1.5, height 1.2. Abdomen: length 1.8, width 1.5. Eye field: length 0.9, anterior width 1.4, posterior width 1.4.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 222. Carapace moderately high, oval, brown with darker ocular area. Brown hairs cover carapace, long brown bristles on eye field anteriorly. “Cheeks” and clypeus brown, covered with transparent hairs. Chelicerae dark brown. Sternum yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown, with whitish yellow stripe on the anterior rim, venter brownish. Book-lung covers and spinnerets brown. Legs yellow, only tibiae and metatarsi of legs I brownish, patellae and tibiae I with dense long hairs ventrally. Pedipalps yellow with brown cymbium. Structure of palpal organ as in Figs 223, 224, bulb large with long proximal lobe, embolus wide, forming single loop, embolic spiral great.</p> <p>Female. Description in Wesołowska (1999).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from eastern Zimbabwe and the Limpopo Province of South Africa.</p> <p>Remarks. The male of this species is described here for the first time.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA4FFC7FF12FC7FC3AAFF7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA3FFC6FF12F9A7C282FA03.text	E32A8132FFA3FFC6FF12F9A7C282FA03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula tenebrica Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula tenebrica sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 225–228</p> <p>Holotype: female, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, Stormsriver, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.883333/lat -34.016666)">Tsitsikamma National Park</a>, 34°01'S: 23°53'E, coastal forest, leaf litter, 5 December 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2013 /655).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the very dark coloration of the body. The female epigyne is similar to that in T. wesolowskae Zhang &amp; Maddison, 2012 but differs by the presence of the accessory glands (lack in the latter species), the clearly narrower and shorter seminal ducts and the bean shaped spermathecae (versus rounded in T. wesolowskae).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for dark and refers to the colouration of this spider.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 2.4, width 2.0, height 1.1. Abdomen: length 2.8, width 2.3. Eye field: length 1.2, anterior and posterior width 1.5.</p> <p>Male unknown.</p> <p>Female. General appearance as in Figs 225, 226. Carapace moderately high, oval, dark brown with black ocular area. Anterior eyes encircled by small scales, fawn from above and whitish below, some reddish hairs on eye field anteriorly, grey hairs on thoracic part. Clypeus clothed in white hairs. Chelicerae dark brown, promargin with two teeth, retromargin unident. Sternum and mouth parts brown. Abdomen black with a few pairs of very small whitish spots medially (Fig. 225), faint dark hairs on abdominal dorsum, on sides light narrow streak, venter dark with four lines composed of light dots. Spinnerets black. Femora of all legs black (dorsal surfaces slightly lighter), other segments light brownish with black rings and markings. Leg hairs thin, spines dark. Epigyne with small anterolateral depressions (Fig. 227). Seminal weakly sclerotized, small accessory glands (Fig. 228).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA3FFC6FF12F9A7C282FA03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFA2FFC4FF12FA0CC47BFF7A.text	E32A8132FFA2FFC4FF12FA0CC47BFF7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula virgulata Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula virgulata sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 229–232</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.4/lat -28.416666)">Ophate Game Reserve</a>, 28°25'S: 31°24'E, montane grassland, 900 m a.s.l., pitfall trap, 30 September—4 October 2008, leg. C. Haddad, S. Olivier &amp; C. Hanekom (NCA 2008 /3935).</p> <p>Paratype: SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Ithala Game Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.3/lat -27.516666)">Mhulumbela Lookout Point</a>, 27°31'S: 31°18'E, montane grassland, 1 male, 2 July 2010, leg. C. Haddad (NCA).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A distinctive species, the male is easily distinguished from other species (except T. montana) by the striped body. The embolic spiral is placed slightly retrolaterally (centrally in congeners). It differs from T. montana in having a clearly longer embolus, forming more than one loop and by the lack of a cymbial tutaculum.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin for striped, referring to pattern of coloration.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 2.0, width 1.3, height 0.8. Abdomen: length 1.9, width 1.1. Eye field: length 0.8, anterior and posterior width 1.2.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 229. Carapace oval, moderately high. Eye field dark brown, brown bristles on its anterior half, white hairs forming four bands starting from eyes and extending to middle of eye field, median bands fused posteriorly. Thoracic part of carapace and abdomen brown with three longitudinal light streaks (Fig. 229). Abdomen brown with three light streaks, clothed in hairs corresponding to background colour, with longer bristles at anterior edge. Venter of abdomen light, with three dark stripes. Spinnerets light. Mouth parts light brown, sternum orange with large dark patch in centre. Legs yellow, lateral surfaces of first femora almost black, patellae of first legs with small black patch on prolateral side. Leg hairs and spines brown. Pedipalps clothed in dense long white hairs, only femora brownish. Embolic spiral placed slightly retrolaterally. Embolus coiled, only its end protruding slightly above tip of loop (Figs 230, 231).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFA2FFC4FF12FA0CC47BFF7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFDEFFB8FF12FF6BC3C2FECA.text	E32A8132FFDEFFB8FF12FF6BC3C2FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula vulnifica Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Thyenula vulnifica sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 233–240</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province, Transkei coast, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.583334/lat -31.366667)">Mzimhlava river</a> mouth, 31°22'S: 29°35'E, coastal evergreen forest, February 1980, leg. M. Baddeley (MRAC 166 643).</p> <p>Paratypes: together with holotype, 4 males (MRAC); same data, 2 males, 5 females (MRAC 166 642); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.633333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.633333/lat -31.55)">Transkei</a> coast, Ntafufu river, 31°33'S: 29°38'E, 2 males, February-March 1980, leg. M. Baddeley (MRAC 166 732).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A distinctive species, the male is easily distinguished from other species by the stout chelicerae with the very large, es-shaped, bicuspid, retrolateral tooth. The male palp structure is similar to that in T. alotama described above, but palp is slender. The structure of the epigyne also resembles that in the latter species, but the width of the seminal ducts is the same along all their length (thinner towards spermathecae in T. alotama).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is Latin, meaning causing wounds, and refers to the strong armament of male chelicerae.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 3.1–4.5/3.1–3.7, width 2.4–4.0/2.3–3.0, height 1.7–2.3/1.6–1.7. Abdomen: length 3.0–5.0/3.8–4.6, width 1.9–3.4/2.6–3.3. Eye field: length 1.6–2.2/ 1.6–1.8, anterior width 2.1–3.1/1.8–1.9, posterior width 2.2–3.2/2.4–2.5.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 233. Medium to large spider. Carapace oval, dark brown, slightly lighter in foveal area, clothed in faint translucent and brown hairs. Anterior eyes encircled by fawn hairs, some long brown bristles at anterior eyes. Clypeus very low, dark. Chelicerae large, robust, blackish, with two teeth wide apart on promarginal edge and very large and broad tooth on retromarginal edge, also inner margin at the base of fang strongly sclerotized (Figs 234, 235). Labium and endites brown with thin whitish line along tips; sternum light brown. Abdomen ovoid, dark, greyish brown, translucent hairs cover dorsum, among them scarce long bristles. Venter yellow tinged with grey. Spinnerets greyish. Legs dark brown, first pair almost black, stouter and longer than others, covered - especially ventral surfaces of tibiae - with dense long dark hairs. Pedipalps relatively small, dark, clothed in dense whitish grey hairs. Femur of palp long, embolus thin, with close basal loop (Figs 236, 237).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, slightly lighter coloured, general appearance as in Fig. 238. Yellowish median belt on thoracic part of carapace. Some whitish hairs on slopes. Chelicerae large, typical, promargin with two teeth, retromargin unident. Abdomen beige grey, sometimes with indistinct pattern composed of small brownish spots, covered with translucent hairs, among them scarce long brown bristles. Venter light beige. Legs light brown with darker patches. Epigyne as in Fig. 239. Internal structure simple, spermathecae large (Fig. 240).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from Transkei coast in eastern South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFDEFFB8FF12FF6BC3C2FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFDCFFBFFF12FE4BC2BDFE02.text	E32A8132FFDCFFBFFF12FE4BC2BDFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyenula wesolowskae Zhang & Maddison 2012	<div><p>Thyenula wesolowskae Zhang &amp; Maddison, 2012</p> <p>Figs 241–249</p> <p>Thyenula wesolowskae Zhang &amp; Maddison 2012: 76, figs 95–101.</p> <p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA, Limpopo Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.266666/lat -22.966667)">Entabeni</a>, afromontane forest, 22°58'S: 30°16'E, 1 male, 11 February 2008, leg. A. Mboyi (NCA 2012 /2707); same data, 2 females; (NCA 2012 /2708); same locality, 3 females, 11 February 2008, leg. N. Hahn (NCA); same data, 2 females (ISEA 001.3936); same locality, 1 male, 13 February 2008 (NCA 2012 /2714); same locality, pitfall trap, 1 female, 13 February 2008, leg. S.H. Foord, N. Hahn, M. Muthaphuli, M. Mashau (NCA 2012 /2710); same data, 1 female (NCA 2012 /2711); same data, 1 female (NCA 2012 / 2712); same data, 1 female (NCA 2012 /2713); same data, 1 female (ISEA 001.3937); Tzaneen, Debengeni waterfall, 23°49'S: 30°02'E, afromontane forest, sifting leaf litter, 3 males, 3 females, 7 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5692); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.0/lat -23.866667)">Magoebaskloof</a> pass, 23°52'S: 30°00'E, 1190 m a.s.l., 1 male, 1 female, 6 November 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5696); Mpumalanga Province, Sabie, Bridal Veil waterfall, 25°05'S: 30°43'E, forest, sifting leaf litter, 1 male, 1 female, 29 September 2012 leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5697); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.866667/lat -24.533333)">Graskop area</a>, 24°53'S: 30°53'E, 1 female, 27 October 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5669); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.866667/lat -24.533333)">Graskop</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.866667/lat -24.533333)">Kowyn’s</a> pass, 24°58'S: 30°51'E, 1 female, 3 October 2012, leg. J.A. Neethling (NCA 2012 /5698); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.866667/lat -24.533333)">Mariepskop</a>, 24°32'S: 30°52'E, 1550 m a.s.l., 2 males, 1 female, 2 imm., 17 November 2012, leg. P. Jałoszyński (MRAC).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male palp of this species is similar to that in T. munda (Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1903), but has a clearly wider proximal part of the embolus. The female epigyne is similar to that in T. juvenca Simon, 1902, but differs in having two-chambered spermathecae (single in T. juvenca). The latter species is also clearly larger and uniformly yellow.</p> <p>Description. Measurements (male/female). Cephalothorax: length 1.9/2.0, width 1.4/1.4, height 0.9/0.9. Abdomen: length 1.8/2.2, width 1.3/1.6. Eye field: length 0.9/0.8, anterior width 1.3/1.2, posterior width 1.2/1.1.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Fig. 241. Carapace brown with darker ocular area, some white hairs on thoracic part. Sternum yellowish brown. Some brown bristles near eyes, scarce white hairs on slopes. “Cheeks”, clypeus and chelicerae brown, cheliceral dentition as in Fig. 242. Abdomen greyish brown with yellow spots and markings (Fig. 241). Venter light with two brownish streaks. Book-lung covers and spinnerets brown. Femora, patellae and tibiae of legs I dark brown, metatarsi yellow with brown rings at base and tip, tarsi yellow. Femora of legs II brown, with yellow stripe dorsally and yellow patch distally on ventral surface. Femora III and IV and other segments of legs II–IV yellow, with brown rings distally and proximally. Pedipalps yellow, only femora brown. Tibial apophysis long and thin, bulb with large proximal lobe, embolus long, relatively broader than in congeners, embolic spiral partially enveloped by bulb (Fig. 243).</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, slightly lighter in colour (Fig. 245). Abdomen brownish with darker pattern composed of dense small spots, fused distally into a few chevrons. In some specimens femora of all legs black. Epigyne with small anterolateral depressions (Figs 246, 248). Seminal ducts short, broad in initial part (Figs 247, 249).</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa.</p> <p>Genus Yimbulunga gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Yimbulunga foordi Wesołowska, Azarkina &amp; Russell-Smith Diagnosis. The genus is distinctive in the stout body form, which is shorter and broader than in other Euophryinae genera. They are small spiders, and the carapace is high, relatively short and wide, with a large eye field and convex posterior lateral eyes. The abdomen is small and rounded. The structure of the pedipalp is very similar to that in Euophrys with a thin embolus, forming one coil in the basal spiral. Chelicerae with a fissident retromarginal tooth.</p> <p>Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Zulu word meaning spherical and referring to the body form of the spider. Feminine in gender.</p> <p>Composition. Single new species.</p> <p>Distribution. Only known from South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFDCFFBFFF12FE4BC2BDFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
E32A8132FFDAFFBEFF12FF6BC217FC68.text	E32A8132FFDAFFBEFF12FF6BC217FC68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yimbulunga foordi Wesołowska & Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014	<div><p>Yimbulunga foordi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 250–256</p> <p>Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.666666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.666666/lat -28.833334)">Ngoye Forest</a>, 28°50'S: 31°40'E, on herb, 11 January 1983, leg. P.E. Reavell (NMSA26450).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species is easily separable from other Euophryinae in having a characteristic stout body form with a high carapace and by the fissident cheliceral dentition (bicuspid retromarginal tooth).</p> <p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Stefan Foord, an arachnologist from University of Venda in South Africa, who hosted the second author (G.A.) during a visit to South Africa as part of this study.</p> <p>Description. Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.8, width 1.5, height 1.0. Abdomen: length 1.4, width 1.4. Eye field: length 1.0, anterior width 1.4, posterior width 1.5.</p> <p>Male. General appearance as in Figs 250–252. Very small spider with stout body. Carapace high, eye field large, occupying more than half of carapace, delicately pitted. Eyes surrounded by black rings (except anterior medians), thoracic part dark brown, fovea short and distinct. Eyes of first row encircled by small white scales, white hairs forming tufts between anterior eyes. Some greyish hairs on carapace slopes. Clypeus moderately high, brown (Fig. 253). Chelicerae stout, with two adjacent promarginal teeth and bicuspid retromarginal tooth (Fig. 254), fang short. Sternum, labium and endites brown, chewing margins lighter. Abdomen small, rounded (as broad as long), reddish brown, dorsum covered with delicate scutum, some longer hairs on anterior edge of abdomen. Sides and venter blackish. Legs short, brown with some light scales on tibiae, spines brown, leg hairs light. Pedipalp brown, white scales on tibia and cymbium. Palpal organ with small proximal lobe on bulb, embolus thin, forming one complete coil, with tip directed towards tip of cymbium (Figs 255, 256).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. The type locality only.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E32A8132FFDAFFBEFF12FF6BC217FC68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesołowska, Wanda;Azarkina, Galina N.;Russell-Smith, Anthony	Wesołowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N., Russell-Smith, Anthony (2014): Euophryine jumping spiders of the Afrotropical Region-new taxa and a checklist (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Zootaxa 3789 (1): 1-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3789.1
