identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
963187E62B305C3FFF76FBDA845ED691.text	963187E62B305C3FFF76FBDA845ED691.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus (Pachycentrum) unciniger Gapon 2014	<div><p>3. Polymerus (Pachycentrum) unciniger sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2 C; 3 B; 4 С; 8; 40 C)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. Russia: Altai Republic: bank of Teletskoe Lake, 21 June 1912 (Yurganova), male* (ZISP).</p> <p>Paratypes. Ukraine: Crimea: Bel’bek station of Sevastopol Railway [Fruktovoe Settlm.], 19 May1897 (N. Kuznetsov), 1 female; Simferopol Distr., Taushan-Bazar [Privolnoe], 8, 9, 15, 29 June 1907 (Pliginskiy), 4 June 1907 (Kiritschenko) 11 males *, 9 females *; Tavel’ Settlm, 1 June 1907 (Kiritschenko), 2 males; Dzhalman [Krasnoles’e] Settlm., May 1910 (Kiritschenko), 1 female; Agarmysh, 15, 23, 28 May, 2 June 1906 (Jakovlev), 15 June 1906 (Kiritschenro), 2 males *, 6 females *; Suuk-su cape near Gurzuf, 14 July 1948 (K. Arnoldi), 1 female; Margala 800 m near Gurzuf, 20 June 1948 (Arnoldi), 1 male, 2 females; “ Shakh-Mama ”, 12 May 1906 (Jakovlev), 2 females *; Lugansk Prov.: Stanitsa Luganskaya, 23 June 1929 (Talitskiy), 1 male *, 2 females; Nyrkovo–Vyemka, steppe, 10 July 1940 (Arnoldi), 1 female; “Donskaya Prov., Novocherkassk Distr.”, Proval’e Settlm., 16 June 1933 (Talitskiy), 1 male * (ZISP). Russia: Nizhniy Novgorod Prov., Borskiy Distr, Pamyati Parizhskoy Communy Settlm., 18 July 1979 (T. Khrynova), 1 male *; Samara Prov.: Saratov Reservoir, Podzhabiy I., 28 June 2008 (I.V. Duzhaeva), 3 males *, 1 female; Saratov Prov.: “Samarskaya Govern.”, Pugachevsk [Pugachev], bank of Irgiz Riv., 20 June 1925 (D’yakonov), 2 males *, 2 females; Voronezh Prov., Kalach, 27 May, 5 June1934 (Gudim), 2 males *, 2 female *; Kamennaya Step’ preserve, 11 km S of Talovaya Settlm, 26 June 1949 (Stark), 1 female; Krasnodar Terr. Markotkh mountain ridge near Gelendzhik, 15 July 1956 (Kurcheva), 1 male *; Pshaor mountain ridge, Goryachiy Kluch, 16 June 1956 (K. Arnoldi), 4 males *, 1 female; Republic of Adygea: Maykopskiy Distr., nr. Nikel’ Settlm., 21, 22 June 2000 (D.A. Gapon), 1 male *, 1 female; Republic of Dagestan: Derb [ent] (V. Jakovlev), female; Orenburg Prov.: near Orenburg, 13 – 14 June 1924 (A.I. Ivanov), 1 male *, 2 females; Chelyabinsk Prov., “Troitskiy Uezd”, Berlinskiy—Tarutin [Berlin Settlm.], 6 June 1916 (N. Kuznetsov), 3 females; Tumen’ Prov.: Tobol’sk Distr.: Durynina Will., 27 June 1929 (Samko), 1 male *; Altay Terr.: “Tomskaya Govern., Zmeinogorskiy Uezd”, valley of Belaya Riv., 15 – 20 June 1910 (Tomin), 1 female; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.98333/lat 51.116665)">Tigirekskiy Nat. Ress.</a>, N51°07′ E82°59′, 5–7 July 2009 (A. Knyshov), 6 males *, 7 females; Kemerovo Prov.: “Tomskaya Govern., Mariinskiy Uezd”: Berchikul’ Lake, 14, 15, 19 July 1911 (Gorchakovskiy), 3 males *, 6 females *; Tisul’, 16, 30 June, 7, 11 July 1911 (Gorchakovskiy), 2 males *, 6 females; Altai Republic: Artybash Settlm., S bank of Teletskoe Lake, 16 June 1909 (Emel’yanov), 1 male *; Dzhaylau tract, N bank of Teletskoe Lake, 11 June 1901 (Ignatov), 1 female; Khakassia Republic: Veselaya Riv., right tributary of Balyksa Riv. in upper reach of Tom’ Riv., 5 July 1908 (Khvorov), 1 male *; confluence of Balyksa Riv. and Tom’ Riv., 1908 (Khvorov), 1 female; confluence of Magaza Riv. and Balyksa Riv. in upper reach of Tom’ Riv., 19 June 1908 (Khvorov), 1 female; mouth of Matur Riv, tributary of Abakan Riv., 30 June 1897 (Yu. Wagner), 1 male *; Krasnoyarsk Prov.: Kozul’ka station, 66 km O of Achinsk, 22 July 1936 (Luk’yanovich), 1 female; Tyva Republic: Fedorovka Settlm., left bank of Kaa-Khem Riv., 19 July 1949 (Perevozchikova), 1 male * 1 female; Irkutsk Prov.: Tayshet, 4 July 1940 (Barovskiy), 1 female; Sakha Republic: Tamma Riv., left tributary of Lena Riv., c. 40 km S of Yakutsk, 4 June 1973 (Vinokurov), 1 male *, 1 female; near Khorintsy, Lena Riv. (ZISP). Azerbaijan: Khachmaz, 28 May 1935 (Lubishchev), 1 male * (ZISP). Kazakhstan: West Kazakhstan Prov.: Yanvartsevo Settlm., right bank of Ural Riv., 22 June 1950 (Romadina), 1 male *; Solyanka Riv., left tributary of Ural Riv., 3 – 5 July 1949 (L. Arnoldi), 9 July 1949, 6 June 1959 (Romadina), 4 males *, 7 females *; left bank of Dergul Riv., 3 km NW of Kuznetsov, 22 June 1949 (Arnoldi), 1 female; Akmola Prov.: “Kokchetayskiy Distr.”, “Borovsk. les. tekh.”, 30 June, 11, 12 July 1932 (V. Popov), 3 males *; East Kazakhstan Prov., “Semipalatinsk Distr.”, Irtysh Riv., 22 May 1910 (Karavaev), 1 female (ZISP).</p> <p>Some females are included in this species conditionally; perhaps some of them belong to P. nigrita.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species differs from P. carpathicus by yellow tibiae, preapical spots on fore femora and basal stripe on cuneus. Its differences from P. nigrita consist in structure of male terminalia only. Males are easily recognised by left paramere hypophysis with superior margin less deeply concave before apex and less convex in posterior part from lateral view than in P. nigrita, with low, invisible from exterior view carina on superior margin of internal wall, and with narrow, straight, pointed apex from superior view; by vesica with short, broadly triangular posterior spicule, medial spicule with apex lying in sagittal plane of its body and looking like hook with wide base and acutely elongated apex, and with anterior left lobe, one branch of which directed upwards, other directed downwards.</p> <p>Description. Length 4.20–5.05 in males and 4.60–5.30 in females.</p> <p>Vestiture and colouration of body (Fig. 40 C) as in P. nigrita.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 2C) with obconic body.</p> <p>Left paramere (Figs 3 B; 4 C). Superior margin of hypophysis from lateral view less convex in posterior part and concave before apex than in P. nigrita. Apex from superior narrow, straight. Carina on superior margin of internal wall of hypophysis low, not visible from external view.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 8). Anterior and left branches of anterior left lobe directed upwards and downwards, respectively. Anterior branch wide, shorter, left one very short and wider than in previous species. Spinulate sclerite on inferior wall of anterior left lobe as in P. nigrita. Posterior left lobe of same length as in P. carpathicus, narrow, directed to left and anteriad, more or less curved to right. Inferior wall of this lobe without sclerotization. Supragonoporal area of sclerotization small, located only behind dorsal margin of secondary gonopore between bases of left anterior and posterior lobes. Posterior right lobe slightly constricted in middle. Basal sclerite on right-inferior wall of this lobe of same width and shape as in P. nigrita, not or almost reaching lobe apex. Posterior spicule very short, broadly triangular, weakly sclerotised. This spicule unusually long in one studied specimen from Azerbaijan (Khachmas). Apical part of medial spicule located in sagittal plane of spicule body and looking like large hook with wide base and acute, rather long apex directed posteriad and to right. Posterior surface of spicule apex without carina. Left wall of posterior part of vesica and posterior bladder as in P. nigrita. Weakly sclerotised field on right wall of vesica before posterior bladder without carina.</p> <p>Gynatrium as in P. nigrita. Posterior margin of tectal sclerite always with small medial notch. Lateral parts of dorsal margin of interramal sclerite sometimes dipper concave than it the latter species.</p> <p>Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective derived from the Latin word uncinus (hook) and the element -ger (-bearing) from the verb gero (to bear, to carry). The name reflects the shape of the medial spicule on the vesica in this species.</p> <p>Distribution (Figs 17; 18). Spain (?), Ukraine, Russia (Central and South European Territories, East and West Siberia), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan.</p> <p>Distribution in Europe and China needs to be clarified. Figure of the left paramere of P. nigrita from Spain in the paper of Pagola-Carte et al. (2004) is very similar to the left paramere of P. unciniger sp. nov. Therefore it is possible to assume that the latter species is distributed in southern Europe.</p> <p>The distribution of P. unciniger is sympatric with P. nigrita but distinctly has a propensity for the southern part of the common natural habitat of the both species; only in Yakutia it is advancing further to the north.</p> <p>Subgenus Polymerus Hahn, 1831</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males are differing from those of Pachycentrum subgen. n. by vesica with longitudinal carina and sclerotised field on right wall of large posterior right lobe; with spiculose plate on anterior right bladder; without spinulate sclerite on anterior left lobe; with relatively long left branch of last lobe covering secondary gonopore superiorly; with long postposterior left lobe; and with needle-shaped medial spicule. Females are different from those of previous subgenus by tectal sclerite widely desclerotised medially, with rather long prominences of its posterior margin; and by sclerotised anterior walls of interramal lobes. Colouration of body in Polymerus s. str. as in Pachycentrum subgen. n., without large yellow patches on scutellar apex and anterior corner of corium in contrast to subgenus Poeciloscytus. The lateral margins of hemelytra in females of the nominotypical subgenus are frequently more convex than in Poeciloscytus.</p> <p>Notes on diagnosis. The degree of curvature of the claws mentioned by Reuter (1886) in distinguishing Polymerus and Poeciloscytus is not a diagnostic feature.</p> <p>Redescription. Vestiture and colouration (Fig. 40 D–J). Body black, its surface matted or shiny. Antennae black-brown or at least partly yellow. Small transverse spot near internal margins of eyes, very narrow strip on posterior margin of pronotum, longitudinal small spot on corium just behind apex of clavus, narrow strip on posterior margin of corium, extreme apex of cuneus, narrow edging at margins of coxal cavities of meso- and metathorax yellow. Margins of fore coxal cavities very often also narrowly yellow. Pale strip on posterior margin of pronotum often interrupted in middle or absent. Apex of cuneus can be black. Posterior margins of pro- and mesopleurites in their basal parts with fine yellowish strip. Femora entirely or in their apical fourth yellow, with brown spots or rings before apices, or black with one or two yellow rings or spots before apices. Tarsi yellow, apices of their third segments blackened.</p> <p>Vesica (Figs 10–12) greater than in Pachycentrum subgen. nov. Anterior right bladder more convex, with clearly delimited base. Surface of this bladder with large spiculose plate covered with small denticles and consisting of short and wide superior and long and narrow inferior parts. Vestige of anterior spicule on superior wall of vesica before and above anterior right bladder present or absent. Anterior left lobe with three short branches. Left branch of this lobe touching superior branch of posterior left lobe. They together with inferior branches of both lobes forming short canal closed laterally and superiorly but open below. Spinulate sclerite on inferior surface of anterior left lobe absent. Short broad membranous tubercle directed downwards usually located at place of this sclerite. Posterior left lobe with two branches. Supragonoporal area of sclerotization large. Subgonoporal plate surrounds secondary gonopore, with group of triangular denticles under it. Postposterior left lobe long, curved posteriad. Posterior right lobe long, wide, tapering distad, directed anteriad and to left, with pointed apex. Basal sclerite on right-inferior surface of this lobe distinctly not reaching lobe apex. Right wall of posterior right lobe strongly convex basally and with longitudinal carina usually surrounded by sclerotised field. Posterior spicule long, narrow, directed anteriad and to left. Medial spicule acicular, long, in basal part directed to left, in middle sharply bent posteriad and more or less strongly curved to right before apex. Extreme base of medial spicule rather small, roundish. Sclerotised walls of superio-posterior spicule covered with spinulae directed apicad. Posterior bladder with distinct (more clearly visible from superior view) rounded posterior apex on right side, directed anteriad and lying over right wall of vesica. Membranous tubercle on left wall of posterior part of vesica absent.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 16). Anterior vestibular sclerites oval or narrowed posteriorly. Tectal sclerite widely desclerotised along midline. Medial prominences of posterior margin of tectal sclerites rounded, protrudes posteriad beyond internal angles of lateral bends and extends on inner horizontal fold. Anterior walls of interramal lobes sclerotised.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B305C3FFF76FBDA845ED691	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B345C38FF76FF39800ED7C1.text	963187E62B345C38FF76FF39800ED7C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus Hahn 1831	<div><p>Subgenus Polymerus Hahn, 1831</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males are differing from those of Pachycentrum subgen. n. by vesica with longitudinal carina and sclerotised field on right wall of large posterior right lobe; with spiculose plate on anterior right bladder; without spinulate sclerite on anterior left lobe; with relatively long left branch of last lobe covering secondary gonopore superiorly; with long postposterior left lobe; and with needle-shaped medial spicule. Females are different from those of previous subgenus by tectal sclerite widely desclerotised medially, with rather long prominences of its posterior margin; and by sclerotised anterior walls of interramal lobes. Colouration of body in Polymerus s. str. as in Pachycentrum subgen. n., without large yellow patches on scutellar apex and anterior corner of corium in contrast to subgenus Poeciloscytus. The lateral margins of hemelytra in females of the nominotypical subgenus are frequently more convex than in Poeciloscytus.</p> <p>Notes on diagnosis. The degree of curvature of the claws mentioned by Reuter (1886) in distinguishing Polymerus and Poeciloscytus is not a diagnostic feature.</p> <p>Redescription. Vestiture and colouration (Fig. 40 D–J). Body black, its surface matted or shiny. Antennae black-brown or at least partly yellow. Small transverse spot near internal margins of eyes, very narrow strip on posterior margin of pronotum, longitudinal small spot on corium just behind apex of clavus, narrow strip on posterior margin of corium, extreme apex of cuneus, narrow edging at margins of coxal cavities of meso- and metathorax yellow. Margins of fore coxal cavities very often also narrowly yellow. Pale strip on posterior margin of pronotum often interrupted in middle or absent. Apex of cuneus can be black. Posterior margins of pro- and mesopleurites in their basal parts with fine yellowish strip. Femora entirely or in their apical fourth yellow, with brown spots or rings before apices, or black with one or two yellow rings or spots before apices. Tarsi yellow, apices of their third segments blackened.</p> <p>Vesica (Figs 10–12) greater than in Pachycentrum subgen. nov. Anterior right bladder more convex, with clearly delimited base. Surface of this bladder with large spiculose plate covered with small denticles and consisting of short and wide superior and long and narrow inferior parts. Vestige of anterior spicule on superior wall of vesica before and above anterior right bladder present or absent. Anterior left lobe with three short branches. Left branch of this lobe touching superior branch of posterior left lobe. They together with inferior branches of both lobes forming short canal closed laterally and superiorly but open below. Spinulate sclerite on inferior surface of anterior left lobe absent. Short broad membranous tubercle directed downwards usually located at place of this sclerite. Posterior left lobe with two branches. Supragonoporal area of sclerotization large. Subgonoporal plate surrounds secondary gonopore, with group of triangular denticles under it. Postposterior left lobe long, curved posteriad. Posterior right lobe long, wide, tapering distad, directed anteriad and to left, with pointed apex. Basal sclerite on right-inferior surface of this lobe distinctly not reaching lobe apex. Right wall of posterior right lobe strongly convex basally and with longitudinal carina usually surrounded by sclerotised field. Posterior spicule long, narrow, directed anteriad and to left. Medial spicule acicular, long, in basal part directed to left, in middle sharply bent posteriad and more or less strongly curved to right before apex. Extreme base of medial spicule rather small, roundish. Sclerotised walls of superio-posterior spicule covered with spinulae directed apicad. Posterior bladder with distinct (more clearly visible from superior view) rounded posterior apex on right side, directed anteriad and lying over right wall of vesica. Membranous tubercle on left wall of posterior part of vesica absent.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 16). Anterior vestibular sclerites oval or narrowed posteriorly. Tectal sclerite widely desclerotised along midline. Medial prominences of posterior margin of tectal sclerites rounded, protrudes posteriad beyond internal angles of lateral bends and extends on inner horizontal fold. Anterior walls of interramal lobes sclerotised.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B345C38FF76FF39800ED7C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B345C05FF76F978855DD458.text	963187E62B345C05FF76F978855DD458.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus (Polymerus) holosericeus Hahn 1831	<div><p>4. Polymerus (Polymerus) holosericeus Hahn, 1831</p> <p>(Figs 2 D; 3 C; 4 D; 9 A; 10 A–C; 14 B; 16 A, B; 19 C; 40 D)</p> <p>Polymerus holosericeus Hahn, 1831: 27.</p> <p>Capsus variabilis (non Fallén, 1807): Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841: 44.</p> <p>Material examined. Without geography designation, “873”, “c. V. Jakovleva ”, 1 female. Italy: Trieste, 7 June1929 (Passauro), 1 female; Magenta, 17 May 1934 (Passauro), 1?, 2 males * (ZISP). Ukraine: Crimea:</p> <p>“ Tauria ” (W. Pliginskiy), 1 male; Agarmysh, 7 June 1907 (V. Jakovlev), 1 female; Taushan-Bazar [Privol’noe], 4 June1907 (W. Pliginskiy), 1 female; Khmel’nitskaya Prov., Kamenets-Podol’skiy Distr., Blagovitsa Settlm., 12 – 18 June1895 (Grum-Grzhimaylo), 1 female; Donetsk Prov., Svyatogorsk, 22 June 1937 (Arnoldi), 1 female; Lugansk Prov., Proval’e Settlm., 20, 23 June 1947 (S.I. Medvedev), 1 male *, 1 female (ZISP). Russia: Ryazan’ Prov., Gremyachka Will, 19 June, 1 July 1909 (A. Semenov), 2 females *; Penza Prov.: “Nizhnelomovskiy Uezd”, between Chembar [Belinskiy] and Penza, 23 June 1864 (Chekanovskiy), 1 male *; Voronezh Prov., Kamennaya Step’, 11 km S of Talovaya, 15 July 1935 (Stark), 1 male *; Stavropol’ Terr. “Terskaya Prov.”, Mashuk Mt., 2 June 1914 (P. Silavin), 1 female; Republic of Tatarstan: “Bugul’minskiy Uezd” [Cheremshanskiy Distr.], Pavlovka Will., 18 July 1908 (Elachich), 1 female; Republic of Bashkortostan,“Ufimskaya Govern., Belebeevskiy Uezd”, Aksenovo Settlm., 14 – 16 July 1908 (A. Grigor’ev), 1 male * (ZISP). Azerbaijan: Aresch (A. Schelkownikow), 1 female (ZISP).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by follow combination of characters: antennae yellow, apex of second segment dark, body surface shiny, ventrally and dorsally covered with golden, slightly thickened setae, xyphus with yellow margins, femora dark brown in basal three-quarter and yellow in apical fourth, with brown subapical spots or ring, tibiae apically darkened, tibial spines dark brown, anterior corner of corium at most with little vague dirty yellow patch, cuneus black, with yellow apex and narrow stripe or spot at base. Males distinguished by posterior right lobe of vesica without apical sclerite, with weakly sclerotised, not expanded distally basal sclerite, with rather short longitudinal carina not surrounded by field of sclerotization; and by unbroken supragonoporal area of sclerotization. Females distinguished by relatively short gynatrial dorsal sac, long medial lobe with narrow base and large subrectangular sclerite on ventral wall.</p> <p>Redescription. Vestiture and colouration (Fig. 40 D). Body surface shiny, covered with only goldish flattened setae. Antennae yellow, apex of second segment dark. Third antennal segment sometimes black at apex, fourth segment sometimes almost entirely brown. Head sometimes with two vague brown or yellow spots before antennae. Very narrow pale band on posterior margin of pronotum can be interrupted in the middle or absent. Xyphus of prothorax black with narrow yellow margins. Margins of coxal cavities of prothorax with narrow yellow strips. Femora in their basal three-quarter dark brown and yellow in apical fourth, with brown spots or ring before apices. Apical rings on femora, if present, often disconnected on superior surfaces. Fore femora sometimes black only basally. Tibiae yellow, darkened on knees and apices, with two brown rings in basal half. Proximal ring slightly shorter than distal one and somewhat shifted from knee. Spines on tibiae dark brown. Rings on tibiae sometimes absent and replaced with small brown spots. Anterior corner of corium often with little vague brownyellow patch. External margin of corium rarely with very short yellowish dab at base. Apical external corner of corium with yellow spot. Almost entire posterior margin of corium narrowly yellow in several examined specimens. Narrow strip or at least spot at base and apex of cuneus yellow (Fig. 9 A). Abdomen entirely black.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 2 D) with obconic body.</p> <p>Left paramere (Figs 3 C; 4 D). Hypophysis straight, its superior margin before blunted apex slightly concave in lateral view; from superior view hypophysis rather wide, its apex slightly bent sideways. Carina on superior margin of internal wall of hypophysis low, not visible from external view.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 10 A–C). Superior part of spiculose plate without denticles, inferior part dentate. Vestige of anterior spicule before and above anterior right bladder elongated, with sharp sclerotised apex. Anterior left lobe with three branches. Anterior branch narrow, relatively long, pointed, directed anteriad and to right; inferior branch short, rather broad, directed downwards; left branch moderately short, wide, rounded, and directed to left. Posterior left lobe with two branches. Superior branch short, widely rounded directed upwards; inferior branch rather long, moderately wide, tapering, directed downwards and to right, without sclerite. Supragonoporal area of sclerotization looking like wide sclerotised band behind superior margin of secondary gonopore. On left side this band branches and extends on superior surfaces of left anterior and posterior lobes. One branch of band reaching apex of left branch of anterior left lobe and consisting of two narrow toothed contiguous spindle-shaped carinae. Right part of band elongated, rather narrow, covered with small denticles and lying above base of anterior right bladder. Postposterior left lobe narrow, gradually tapering to acute apex, directed to left and curved posteriad. Posterior right lobe long, relatively narrow, with elongated, pointed apex curved upwards, without apical sclerite. Longitudinal carina on right wall of posterior right lobe almost straight, not surrounded by field of sclerotization. Distance from its distal end to lobe apex approximately equal to length of this carina. Basal sclerite on rightinferior surface of posterior right lobe narrow, weakly sclerotised and not dilated distally. Posterior spicule narrow, long, adpressed to wall of posterior right lobe. Base of this spicule lying close to posterior end of longitudinal carina. Superio-posterior spicule directed upwards. Membrane of its left wall wide and strongly convex basally, tapering distad and appreciably not reaching spicule apex. Posterior bladder wide, its posterior wall broadly rounded, posterior apex conical.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Figs 14 B; 16 A, B). Anterior vestibular sclerites oval. Anterior margin of ventral labiate plate with deep, smoothly rounded V-shaped incision. Edging of round sclerites rather wide, triangular sclerites on their exterior margins very small. Medial prominences of posterior margin of tectal sclerites rather long, widely spaced, with parallel internal margins. Dorsal sac elongated anteriad medially. Transverse membranous fold of gynatrial roof deep. Medial lobe long, with narrow base and ventral wall with large subrectangular sclerite. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite with large trapezoidal protrusion in middle and slightly concave lateral parts. Openings of interramal lobes with almost straight dorsal margins, anterior walls of these lobes rather weakly sclerotised.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 17). Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Yugoslavia, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, Latvia?, Ukraine, Moldavia, Russia (Northern, Central and South European Territories), Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (European part).</p> <p>Bionomics. This is a rare species, living on Galium spp. (Kerzhner, 1988).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B345C05FF76F978855DD458	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B095C04FF76FAFF80B2D09F.text	963187E62B095C04FF76FAFF80B2D09F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus (Polymerus) russatus Gapon 2014	<div><p>5. Polymerus (Polymerus) russatus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2 E; 3 D; 4 E; 9 B; 10 D; 40 E, F)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. Russia: Republic of Dagestan, Petrovsk [Makhachkala] (V. Jakovlev), 1 male (ZISP).</p> <p>Paratypes. Russia: Republic of Dagestan, Petrovsk [Makhachkala] (V. Jakovlev), 2 females; Azerbaijan: “Elizavetpol’skaya Govern.”, Geoktapa, 17 July 1907 (R. Schmidt), 1 female (ZISP).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by second antennal segment entirely yellow, corium with large triangular vague brownyellow pouch at base, cuneus red, with large black spot near external margin (Fig. 9 B) and left paramere hypophysis with straight superior margin before apex from lateral view (Fig. 3 D). This species is closely related with P. holosericeus and differs from it by following characters: longitudinal carina on right wall of posterior right lobe of vesica long, almost reaching lobe apex, latter not extended and not bent upwards, basal sclerite on rightinferior surface of posterior right lobe dilated and heavily sclerotised distally (Fig. 10 D), medial lobe of gynatrium with wide base and without any sclerotization on ventral wall, medial protrusion on dorsal margin of interramal sclerite triangular.</p> <p>Description. Colouration (Fig. 40 E, F). Head before antennae often with two brownish-yellow spots. In all studied females strip on posterior margin of pronotum wider than in male, entire xyphus of prothorax, apex of scutellum, narrow strip along external margin of corium, bases of femora, dorsal surface of abdomen in its base and large spot on each side of abdominal venter brownish-yellow. Xyphus of prothorax in male black, with yellow edging. Triangular spot at base of corium large in females, smaller in male. Apex of cuneus red in males and yellow in females.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 2 E), vesica and gynatrium as in P. holosericeus except characters listed in the diagnosis.</p> <p>Etymology. The Latin word russatus means “stained with blood”, “covered with gore”, this specific name are given owing to dark red cuneus of this species.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig, 17). Russia (Republic of Dagestan) and Azerbaijan.</p> <p>Bionomics. Perhaps this species prefers semideserts within which its type locality lies. These semideserts belong to Kuro-Araksinan province of Iran-Turanian subregion of floral Afro-Asiatic Desert Region according to scheme proposed by Lavrenko (1965).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B095C04FF76FAFF80B2D09F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B085C01FF76FDBD825FD544.text	963187E62B085C01FF76FDBD825FD544.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus (Polymerus) pekinensis Horvath 1901	<div><p>6. Polymerus (Polymerus) pekinensis Horváth, 1901</p> <p>(Figs 2 F; 3 E, F; 4 F, G; 11; 16 C, D; 40 G–I)</p> <p>Polymerus pekinensis Horváth, 1901: 267.</p> <p>Poeciloscytus funestus Reuter, 1906: 48, syn. nov.</p> <p>Material examined. Russia: Republic of Buryatia: Igumenskiy I., junction of Dzhida and Selenga Rivs., 10 Aug. 1928 (Luk’yanovich), 1 female *; Primorskiy Terr. “Ussuriyskiy Terr.”., Vinogradovka Settlm, 24 July 1929 (Kiritschenko), 1 male *; Suchan [Partizansk], summit of Makar’evskiy ridge, 10 July 1926 (Rostovykh), 1 female; Frolovka Settlm., Suchan [Partizanskaya] Riv., 4 July 1926 (Mordvilko), 1 female, (Rostovykh), 1 male *; Kedrovaya Pad’ nature reserve, near Barab. [ashevka], 25–26 July 1926 (N. Kuznetsov), 2 females *; [Ussuriyskiy] nature reserve, Kondratenkovo Settlm., Suputinka Riv., tributary of Suyfun Riv., 22 July 1932 (Richter), 1 female (ZISP). China: Peiping [Beijing], Summer Palace, China, 24 May 1935 (Zhenzhurist), 2 males *; Sichuan: Tashuiwan-“ Luygupin ”, 2 Sept. 1893 (Potanin), “ Polymerus pekinensis Horv. forte [Reuter's handwriting]”, 1 male *; Tatsienlu, 14 July 1893 (Potanin), “Poecyloscytus funestus Reut. n. sp. Typ. [Reuter's handwriting]”, 1 male (lectotype of Poe. funestus); “Fubyankho” Riv., “Fubyan-Shindyan”, 5 Aug. 1893 (Potanin), 1 male *, 1 female * (paralectotypes of Poe. funestus); “Syaochzhinkho” Riv., “Pan’sham-Singen”, 27 July 1893 (Potanin), 2 females (paralectotypes of Poe. funestus) (ZISP). Japan: Kunitachi, 17 June 1936 (Zhenzhurist), 2 females (ZISP). Democratic People's Republic of Korea: North Pyongan, Chenchzhu, 11, 12 July 1950 (Borkhsenius), 1 male *, 1 female * (ZISP). Vietnam: Vinh-phuc Prov., Tam-dao, secondary mountain rain forest, 11–13 May 1975 (L. Medvedev, Dang Dap), 1 female (ZISP).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by the follow combination of characters: second antennal segment dark brown, in females sometimes with light brown ring at middle, frons with diagonal alternating shiny and matte thin strips, body surface matt, covered with golden or silvery, slightly thickened setae, femora black or black-brown, with one or two yellow rings or spots before apices, tibiae apically darkened, tibial spines dark brown, anterior corner of corium at most with little vague dirty yellow patch, cuneus black, with yellow apex and narrow stripe or spot at base. Males distinguished by posterior right lobe of vesica with apical sclerite, with weakly sclerotised, narrow basal sclerite and with moderately long longitudinal carina surrounded by field of sclerotization, and by supragonoporal area of sclerotization broken into two or three separate sclerites. Females distinguished by relatively short gynatrial dorsal sac, short medial lobe with wide base and ventral wall without sclerite, by openings of interramal lobes with dorsal margins elevated medially.</p> <p>Redescription. Vestiture and colouration (Fig. 40 G–I). Body surface matt, frons with diagonal alternating shiny and matte thin strips. Usually body entirely covered with silvery, slightly thickened setae but in some specimens these setae goldish on dorsal surface. First antennal segment yellowish or light brown, often with brown longitudinal spot on inferior surface, sometimes extending on lateral and superior sides. Second antennal segment dark brown, darker at its apex, in females sometimes with light brown ring in middle. Third and fourth segments brown. Posterior margin of corium with narrow yellow strip or without it. Margins of coxal cavities of prothorax with narrow yellow strips. Xyphus of prothorax entirely black. Femora black or black-brown, with one or two yellow rings or spots before their apices. Tibiae yellow or brown yellow, their proximal half with two rather wide blackish rings. Proximal ring slightly shorter than distal one, extending on knee. Apices of tibiae blackish. Setae on tibiae dark brown. Anterior corner of corium sometimes with small and vague yellowish-brown spot. Cuneus black, with yellow apex and narrow stripe or spot at base. Abdomen entirely black.</p> <p>One studied female from Vietnam with only one proximal dark ring at tibiae. This specimen also with brownish-yellow base of costal infoldings of hemelytra, narrow strip at base of exocorium, small vague spots on sides of abdomen base and posterior corners of several last ventrines.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 2 F) with cylindrical body.</p> <p>Left paramere hypophysis with almost straight superior margin before apeх and very slightly convex inferior margin from lateral view. Apex of hypophysis in superior view rather wide and slightly curved. Carina at superior margin of internal wall of hypophysis low, slightly visible from external view (Figs 3 E, F; 4 F, G).</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 11) very similar to those of two previous species. Both parts of spiculose plate with denticles. Vestige of anterior spicule before and above anterior right bladder very small. Anterior and inferior branches of anterior left lobe wide and very short, left branch rather long, wide, rounded apically. Inferior branch of posterior left lobe with small elongated apical sclerite. Right part of supragonoporal area of sclerotization separated and looks like short denticulate band lying above anterior right bladder. Left part as in two previous species, its anterior branch in form of oval denticulate field, sometimes separated from posterior branch. Apex of posterior right lobe not curved upwards, with small pointed apical sclerite covered with microtrichia. Longitudinal carina and basal sclerite on posterior right lobe slightly longer than in P. holosericeus but shorter than in P. russatus sp. nov. Longitudinal carina surrounded by narrow field of sclerotization. Basal sclerite weakly sclerotised, rather narrow.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 16 C, D). Anterior vestibular sclerites narrowing posteriad. Anterior margin of ventral labiate plate with incision wider than in two previous species. Edging of round sclerites thinner than in two previous species. Triangular sclerites on external margins of ring sclerites large. Medial prominences of posterior margin of tectal sclerites shorter than in two previous species, narrowly spaced, with subparallel internal margins. Dorsal sac elongated anteriad medially. Membrane of gynatrial roof on each side of medial oviduct forms pair of large sacciform protrusions. Transverse membranous fold of gynatrial roof not deep. Medial lobe short, very wide in basal part, without sclerite on ventral wall. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite with triangular prominence in middle and slightly concave lateral parts. Dorsal margins of openings of interramal lobes elevated medially. Anterior walls of interramal lobes heavily sclerotised, with acute medial angles.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Poeciloscytus funestus was described by Reuter in 1906 on the basis of material collected by G. Potanin in Sichuan, Hsifan Mountains. In the original descriptions Reuter compared this species with Poe. palustris (Reuter, 1905) but not with P. pekinensis, mentioned in the same paper in the genus Polymerus. Comparison of the descriptions of these species from Reuter’s paper indicates that he means the following differences of Poe. funestus from P. pekinensis: dorsal and ventral surfaces of body covered with goldish easily removed setae; posterior margin of corium with thin yellow line from internal apex to external one; margin of cuneus yellow from base till apex; membrane dark brown, veins dirty-straw with transparent edgings, sometimes brachial vein dark; antennae black, their first segment entirely or at inferior surface yellowish; femora pitch-black with straw ring or spots at inferior surfaces before apices; tibiae yellow, their bases and apices with rather broad rings, occasionally decreasing in approximately basal third basal third, hind femora this place weakly black [basi et apice sat late annuloque interdum deficiente fere in tertia basali parte, tibiarum posticarum supra hanc posito nigrofuscis] (vs. characters of P. pekinensis: body covered dorsally and ventrally with white easily removed [in the original description (Horváth, 1901): body covered with silvery flattened setae, but hemelytra with coppercoloured setae!]; apical margin of corium in external part and apex of cuneus whitish-yellow or dirty straw; membrane with black-brown cells and with terracotta veins, brachial vein proximally blackish, spot near apex of cuneus transparent; basal and apical ends of second antennal segment broadly black-brown, one-third of its base terracotta; femora until their apices black, fore femora with two rings before apices, hind femora with more or less distinct yellowish ring; tibiae whitish-yellow, basal half of them black, fore tibiae in the basal quarter narrowly yellow, apices of tibiae broadly brown).</p> <p>Reuter (1906) did not list differences between genera Poeciloscytus and Polymerus but gave comparative diagnoses in his book “ Hemiptera Gymnocerata Europae ” (1896). According to these diagnoses Poeciloscytus differs from Polymerus in the rather prominent clypeus separated from frons, in pronotum with at least pale band on its basal margin, in parallel margins of hemelytra, in elongated, triangular cuneus and in gradually curved claws. (vs. clypeus slightly prominent, pronotum entirely black, lateral margins of hemelytra slightly (in males) or strongly widened (in females), cuneus usually slightly longer than its basal width and straight claws in Polymerus).</p> <p>After study of the entire type series of Poe. funestus and some specimens of P. pekinensis I found only the following difference between them. In Poe. funestus body entirely covered with goldish thickened setae, second antennal segment without light brown ring in middle, anterior margin of cuneus with yellowish stripe extending to its interior corner, or at least the latter yellowish (vs. body usually entirely covered with silvery thickened setae but in some specimens all such setae or only dorsal ones goldish, second antennal segment in females often with yellow or brownish-yellow ring in middle, anterior margin of cuneus usually black, but in specimen from Sichuan it with yellow stripe extending mediad, whereas cuneus of a specimen from Beijing with small yellow spot at internal corner). Males in the type series of Poe. funestus are distinctly greater than the males of P. pekinensis studied by me.</p> <p>All the structural characters listed above and also characters of male (Figs 3 E, F; 4 F, G; 11) and female terminalia are uniform or lie within the common range of variability in both discussed species. Therefore I consider Poeciloscytus funestus as the junior synonym of Polymerus pekinensis.</p> <p>Distribution (Figs 17; 18). China (Central, Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southwestern Territories), Japan, North and South Korea, Russia (Far East). New record for Vietnam.</p> <p>Notes on distribution. Geographical data on the labels of specimens collected by Potanin in Sichuan in 1893 are very obscure. Perhaps he was writing down names of localities that he visited according to words of natives and their pronunciation or according to old maps. Komarov (1928) published all Potanin’s travel notes. I have matched the old locality names from these notes with modern geographic maps, and this has allowed me to clarify the part of Potanin’s route between July 10 and August 22 where specimens of Poe. funestus were collected. Potanin was recording dates according to the Julian calendar, but dates on the labels of the type series of Poe. funestus refer to the Gregorian calendar. Dates by the latter style and mentioned local names from Potanin’s travel notes are following: 10 July: “Opp. Rumi-tshzhan-gu s. Romi-chango, 22 jul” [Danba = Rongzhag]; 20 July: “p. Schinjdjanj-tzzy, 1 aug.” [Xiandianzi]; 26 July: “p. Lanj-che-kou, 7 aug.” [Lianghekou]; 5 Aug.: “opp. Tzza-gu-tin s. Lifanj-fu s. Li-fan-ting”, 17 aug.” [Lixian = Li-Fan = Lihsen = Tsaku]; 14 Aug.: “opp. Mao-tshzhou, 26 aug” [Maoxian]; 22 Aug.: “opp. Anj-sjanj, 3 sept.” [Anxian].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B085C01FF76FDBD825FD544	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B0D5C0DFF76FBFA83C2D1A0.text	963187E62B0D5C0DFF76FBFA83C2D1A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus (Polymerus) amurensis Kerzhner 1988	<div><p>7. Polymerus (Polymerus) amurensis Kerzhner, 1988</p> <p>(Figs 2 G; 3 G; 4 H; 12; 16 E, F; 40 J)</p> <p>Polymerus amurensis Kerzhner, 1988a: 789; 1988b: 4.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: Russia, Primorskiy Terr. “Ussuriyskiy Terr., Spasskiy Uezd”, Yakovlevka Settlm., 8 July 1926 (D’yakonov, Filip’ev), male* (ZISP).</p> <p>Paratypes: Russia: Amur Prov., Simonovo Settlm., 75 km W of Svobodniy, 6 July 1959 (Kerzhner), 1 female Khabarovsk Terr., Primorskaya Prov. ”, Beshenaya Riv. near Tsimmermanovka Settlm., 18 July 1911 (V.K. Soldatov), 1 female; Primorskiy Terr. “Ussuriyskiy Terr., Spasskiy Uezd ”, Yakovlevka Settlm., 5, 9*, 26, 28 July 1926 (D’yakonov, Filip’ev), 3 females (ZISP);.</p> <p>Additional material: Russia, Primorskiy Terr. “Primorskaya Prov.”, Nikol’sk-Ussuriyskiy [Ussuriysk], 30 July 1926 (N. Kuznetsov), 1 female (ZISP).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by following combination of characters: all segments of antennae yellow, body surface matt, ventrally covered with silvery, dorsally with golden, slightly thickened setae, femora yellow with two black or brown rings before apices, tibiae with pale apices and yellow or light brown spines, anterior corner of corium at most with little vague brown yellow patch, cuneus brown or black with yellow apex, basal and external margins. Males distinguished by posterior right lobe of vesica without apical sclerite, with strongly sclerotised, rather wide basal sclerite and with very short and rather high longitudinal carina, not surrounded by field of sclerotization; by supragonoporal area of sclerotization broken into two separate sclerites, right of which very large; and by rather vide apical spicule with entirely membranous left wall. Females distinguished by large gynatrial dorsal sac; short medial lobe with wide base and ventral wall without sclerite; by very large medial prominences of posterior margin of tectal sclerites; and by openings of interramal lobes with dorsal margins convex laterally and strongly descending medially.</p> <p>Redescription. Vestiture and colouration (Fig. 40 J). Body surface matt, ventrally covered with silvery, dorsally with golden, slightly thickened setae. All segments of antennae yellow. Margins of coxal cavities of prothorax with wide yellow strips. Xyphus of prothorax at least with yellow margins, often entirely yellow and sometimes with dark spot in middle. Femora yellow, with two black or brown rings before apices. Fore femora sometimes with one ring; proximal rings at all femora can be disconnected at superior surfaces, proximal ring at hind femora sometimes very broad. Tibiae yellow with black or brown short ring or spot at extreme base. Apices of tibiae pale. Setae on tibiae yellow or light brown. Superior surfaces of femora and tibiae sometimes partly black, fore and middle tibiae rarely with two equal rings, or rings at tibiae absent. Anterior corner of corium with small vague brown yellow patch. One specimen from Ussuriysk with narrow brown yellow strip at basal threequarter of length of corium and with spot on scutellar apex of same colour. Posterior margin of corium with narrow yellow strip. Cuneus light brown or brown, with wide yellow apex, basal and external margins. Dorsal surface of abdomen yellowish at base, ventral surface brown with yellowish spots. Lateral margins of ventrites with narrow yellowish strip widening at IX ventrite.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 2 G) with cylindrical body as in P. pekinensis.</p> <p>Left paramere (Figs 3 G; 4 H). Superior and inferior margins of hypophysis concave and straight before apex from lateral view. Hypophysis from superior view with narrow and straight apex. Carina at superior margin of internal wall of hypophysis low, not visible from external view.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 12). Both parts of spiculose plate covered with denticles. Left end of basal part of this sclerite elongated and narrower than in all previously considered species. Vestige of anterior spicule absent. Anterior branch of anterior left lobe relatively long, directed anteriad and to right; inferior and left branches shorter, directed downwards and to left respectively. Superior branch of posterior left lobe pointed, directed posteriad and slightly curved to left; inferior branch slightly longer than latter, directed downwards, without apical sclerite. Right branch of supragonoporal area of sclerotization looking like very large oval sclerite located on left side of anterior left lobe and reaching apex of its left branch. Apical margin of this sclerite acutely rounded, its surface with severallongitudinal thin carina and band of very small denticles along anterior margin. Left branch of supragonoporal area of sclerotization in form of small oval sclerite on right wall of posterior left lobe. Right margin of this sclerite continuing into short triangular sclerotised band connecting with similar band extending from posterior margin of sclerite on anterior left lobe. Dentate strip above anterior right bladder absent. Postposterior left lobe rather short, strongly swollen in middle, with short pointed apex, directed posteriad. Posterior right lobe wider than in all previously considered species. Apex of this lobe not curved upwards, without sclerite. Longitudinal carina on right wall of posterior right lobe very short and rather high, shifted from base of posterior spicule and not surrounded with field of sclerotization. Posterior spicule very narrow. Basal sclerite on right-inferior wall of posterior right lobe much longer then longitudinal carina, strongly sclerotised and rather wide. Medial spicule slightly longer, superio-posterior spicule wider than in all previous species. Superio-posterior spicule with left wall membranous along its entire length and not convex basally. Posterior bladder longer and narrower than in all previous species, with acutely rounded posterior wall.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 16 E, F). Anterior vestibular sclerites narrowing posteriad. Anterior margin of ventral labiate plate with rather small incision. Round sclerites smaller than in all previous species of this subgenus. They almost entirely sclerotised, with several small foramina. Triangular sclerites on external margins of ring sclerites very small. Dorsal sac very large, covering dorsal labiate plate medially. Membrane of gynatrial roof without protrusion on each side of medial oviduct. Transverse membranous fold of gynatrial roof deep laterally and shallow in middle. Medial lobe as in P. pekinensis. Medial prominences of posterior margin of tectal sclerites very large, more heavily sclerotised than in all previous species, oval in posterior part, narrowing anteriad. Their internal margins converging anteriorly and posteriorly and diverging in middle. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite with large triangular prominence in middle and deeply concave lateral parts. Dorsal margins of openings of interramal lobes convex laterally and strongly descending medially. Anterior walls of interramal lobes heavily sclerotised.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 18). Russian Far East.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B0D5C0DFF76FBFA83C2D1A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B015C0FFF76F9E38414D681.text	963187E62B015C0FFF76F9E38414D681.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerus rugulus (Ballard 1927)	<div><p>Polymerus rugulus (Ballard, 1927)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus rugulus Ballard, 1927: 64–65.</p> <p>Polymerus rugulus Carvalho, 1959: 239.</p> <p>Up to this point only the holotype of this species was collected. Now the holotype is presumed lost in BMNH. Characters of colouration listed in the original description does not allow unequivocal placement of this species in any genus considered in current paper. P. rugulus was described on the same page as P. aureus Ballard, 1927 transferred into Charagochilus below. Most likely P. rugulus also belongs to this genus. The absence of recognised species of Polymerus outside of the Palaearctic Region of the Eastern Hemisphere can be taken as evidence that this species to belongs in Charagochilus.</p> <p>Distribution: India (Kollur Ghat; South Kanara, Nagodi).</p> <p>. examened material on based species Polymerus of Distribution. 17 FIGURE</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B015C0FFF76F9E38414D681	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B025C16FF76F9FD82BED7CD.text	963187E62B025C16FF76F9FD82BED7CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus Fieber 1858	<div><p>Genus Charagochilus Fieber, 1858</p> <p>Type species by monotypy: Lygaeus gyllenhalii Fallén, 1807</p> <p>Studied species: Ch. angusticollis Linnavuori, 1961; Ch. gyllenhalii (Fallén, 1807); Ch. pallidicollis Zheng, 1990; Ch. spiralifer Kerzhner, 1988; Charagochilus sp. (Japan, Ryukyus, Ishigaki I.).</p> <p>Diagnosis. According to Reuter (1886), Carvalho (1955), Odhiambo (1959) and Wagner (1961, 1974), this genus is recognised by collar wider than diameter of first and second antennal segments, pronotum coarsely punctuate, first and second segments of hind tarsi equal in length. I consider the mention of the latter character as an error (see the diagnosis of Polymerus). The first two characters can be supplemented by the following ones: hypophysis of left paramere dolabriform (Fig. 20 B, C); posterior part of vesica with left serrate carina (except for Ch. aureus comb. nov.), medial right lobe (except for Ch. aureus) and lamellar medial spicule (except for Ch. aureus and Ch. consanguineus comb. nov.); anterior and posterior left lobes absent (except for Ch. aureus and Ch. consanguineus) (Fig. 21 A, B); inner horizontal fold in gynatrium absent (Fig. 25 A, B). Also Charagochilus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body covered with slightly widened, easily removed, silvery or golden setae; head not prolonged anteriorly; diameter of second antennal segment in males less than collar width and slightly greater that diameter of third segment; right paramere small, with cylindrical or obconic, distally hyaline body and very small pointed hypophysis (Fig. 20 A); hypophysis of left paramere flattened laterally; apical margin of theca with single blade (Fig. 5 E); anterior right lobe of vesica long, with very small superior branch; anterior spicule of vesica, if present, not branched; posterior spicule present (except for Ch. aureus); baso-apical sclerotised band long, branched (except for Ch. aureus), its posterior branch not reaches posterior apex of vesica and not strongly dilated before distal end; posterior apex of vesica without posterior bladder and fields of microtrichia; secondary gonopore with complete ring of subequal concentrically curved spinulae; roof of gynatrium without dorsal sac (except for Ch. consanguineus), medial lobe, inner horizontal and transverse folds; ring sclerites without triangular plates on external margins; posterior wall of gynatrium without medial process, dorsal structure and lateral lobes.</p> <p>Description of male and female terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 20 A) small, with rather short and narrow apodeme. Body of paramere round in section, widening distad, widely rounded apically, without processes and setae, with sclerotised walls in basal part and hyaline in apical part. Hypophysis very small, sclerotised, pointed, directed aside.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 20 B, C) large, with long, narrow apodeme. Body from lateral view almost straight, narrow, tapering distad. Its external wall with rather large sensory process. Hypophysis large, flattened laterally, directed and widening anteriad, dolabriform from lateral view. Its inferior margin concave in posterior part, straight in anterior part. Anterior margin straight, anterio-superior angle almost right, roundish. Superior margin slightly convex in posterior part and slightly concave before apex. The latter pointed, extreme apex slightly curved interiad (to right). Interior surface of hypophysis without carinae. Staring setae on paramere absent.</p> <p>Aedeagus. Phallobase and basal part of theca as in Polymerus. Apical margin of theca forms only one long anterior blade turning down when vesica inflating (Fig. 5 D). In this state lobe directed anteriad. Its apex with small notch on left side; lateral walls of lobe with thin sclerotised longitudinal carinae. Anterior (inferior) surface of lobe weakly sclerotised. Latero-apical margins of theca subequal in length.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 21 A, B) subdivided into anterior and posterior parts, separated by impressions on right and left sides with baso-apical sclerotised band and secondary gonopore respectively. Secondary gonopore slightly shifted on anterior left wall of vesica, entirely visible from left view, not closed by lobes of vesica, with complete ring of subequal concentrically curved spinulae. Baso-apical sclerotised band in apical part divided into anterior and posterior branches. Anterior part of vesica only with anterior right lobe having long anterior and shorter right branches. Superior surface of anterior branch in Ch. pallidicollis bearing short, slightly thickened anterior spicule with membranous anterior wall. This spicule is continuation of anterior branch of the baso-apical sclerotised band. In Ch. gyllenhalii, Ch. spiralifer and Charagochilus sp. anterior branch of this band also continued at superior surface of anterior branch of anterior right lobe but not forming spicule. Very small membranous tubercle located at place of anterior spicule in these species. Posterior part of vesica with distinctly convex left wall, short posterior apex directed posteriad and to right, and with two lobes. Posterior apex conical in Ch. angusticollis, Charagochilus sp. and rounded in other species. Medial right lobe lies on anterior right side of posterior part of vesica. This lobe wide and rather short, with one or two (in Ch. angusticollis and Ch. pallidicollis) very short branches and rather large lamellar, dilated apically medial spicule directed to left or posteriad. Apex of this spicule spirally curved in Ch. pallidicollis and Ch. spiralifer. Medial left tubercle absent. Long or moderately long posterior right lobe directed upwards or to right lies behind medial right lobe. In Ch. angusticollis, Ch. gyllenhalii and Ch. spiralifer posterior right lobe with two branches, in Charagochilus sp. it with three and in Ch. pallidicollis with four ones. Between bases of medial and posterior right lobes located short acicular posterior spicule directed anteriad. In Ch. gyllenhalii this spicule very short, lies at base of left branch of posterior right lobe and is continuation of slender sclerotised band located at anterior left wall of this lobe. Posterior branch of basi-apical sclerotised band reaches base of posterior spicule in Charagochilus sp., reaches only base of posterior right lobe in Ch. gyllenhalii and Ch. spiralifer and indistinct in other species. Left wall of posterior part of vesica with long sclerotised carina, covered with very fine denticles. Generally left serrate carina extends from inferior margin of secondary gonopore posteriad to apex of posterior part of vesica. In Ch. pallidicollis left carina not reaching secondary gonopore and forms long sclerotised spicule directed to right at posterior apex. In latter species, in Ch. gyllenhalii and Ch. spiralifer carina very fine, vanishing or interrupted in middle of length. Posterior wall of vesica sclerotised in basal part, without tubercle.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 25 A, B). Ventral labiate plate forms rather short horizontal fold directed posteriad in cavity of gynatrium. Round sclerites with thin edging, connected with each other (except Ch. pallidicollis) by evenly wide (Ch. spiralifer) or narrow straight sclerotised band. External margins of ring sclerites without triangular plates. Tectal sclerite large, bifid medially into two sclerites. Their internal margins extended into triangular or subrectangular (in Ch. pallidicollis) protrusions. Posterior margins of tectal sclerites slightly convex, their internal parts curved upwards as narrow plates. In Ch. pallidicollis posterior margins laterally form large rounded protrusions with curved upwards margins. Dorsal sac absent. Membrane between tectal sclerites slightly (or more distinctly in Ch. pallidicollis) convex. Inner horizontal fold absent. Ch. spiralifer and Ch. pallidicollis with small horseshoe-shaped fold under convex area of roof. Contiguous posterior ends of these folds approximate with internal angles of tectal sclerites. Transverse fold absent. Bases of lateral oviducts lye near posterior margin of gynatrial roof. They directed posteriad or laterad. Spermatheca as in Polymerus and Proboscidocoris. Medial lobe absent. Posterior margin of roof with slightly convex lateral parts. Interramal sclerite wide, with long narrowing lateral angles reaching margins of rami of second gonocoxites. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite laterally slightly concave and with trapezoidal or triangular protrusion in middle. Lateral margins of this sclerite straight, ventral margin convex laterally and concave or with rather deep notch medially. Anterior walls of internal lobes membranous of sclerotised in Ch. pallidicollis. Dorsal margin of their openings with narrow sclerotised edging connecting with lateral corners of interramal sclerites in Ch. spiralifer and Ch. pallidicollis; in other species without such edging. Medial process, dorsal structure and lateral lobes absent. Only in Ch. pallidicollis interramal sclerites with small smooth and rather strongly sclerotised tubercle on the place of medial process. Small oval anterior vestibular sclerites are only in Ch. pallidicollis; posterior ones absent in all species.</p> <p>Discussion. Four species from the Eastern Hemisphere described in the genera Polymerus or Poeciloscytus were later transferred in the genus Charagochilus: Poeciloscytus antennatus Distant, 1904 (Queensland) by Akingbohungbe (1978), Poeciloscytus vittatus Reuter, 1907 (Moliro) and Poeciloscytus voelzkovi Reuter, 1907 (Madagascar) by Linnavuori (1973 and 1977 respectively) and Poeciloscytus pygmaeus Distant, 1904 (Sri Lanka) was synonymised with Ch. longicornis Reuter, 1885 (Nicobar Is.) by Poppius (1911). Here I transfer another six African, Indian and Australian species from Polymerus into Charagochilus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B025C16FF76F9FD82BED7CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B1A5C11FF76F94B82D3D6AE.text	963187E62B1A5C11FF76F94B82D3D6AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus flavipes (Distant 1904)	<div><p>1. Charagochilus flavipes (Distant, 1904) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19 H; 20 D, E; 21 C, D; 25 C, D; 41 A)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus flavipes Distant, 1904a: 274.</p> <p>Polymerus flavipes Carvalho, 1959: 236.</p> <p>Material examined. Australia, Queensland, Townsville, 19 Feb. 1902, F.P. Dodd, 2 males *, 1 female * (BMNH). First description of male and female terminalia. Right paramere is not studied.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 20 D, E). Sensory process large, broadly triangular from posterior view. Hypophysis from lateral view strongly dilated, its inferior margin strongly convex, anterio-inferior angle rectangular, superior margin rather strongly convex in posterior part, concave before apex, the latter pointed, slightly curved interiad.</p> <p>Theca with apical margin having only one large triangular sclerotised blade.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 21 C, D). Secondary gonopore rather small, lies at left wall of vesica, with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae. Anterior branch of anterior right lobe of vesica moderately long, directed anteriad, with obtuse apex. Inferior surface of the latter with small membranous rounded tubercle. Anterior spicule as in Ch. pallidicollis, short, rather wide, directed upwards and to right, with obtuse apex and membranous anterior wall. Right branch of anterior right lobe looks like wide, weakly convex lump. Posterior part of vesica large, elongated along longitudinal axis of aedeagus, expanded in basal part and tapering upwards. Medial right lobe short and broad, not branched. Its apex wide, directed anteriad, to left and curved downwards, hanging over secondary gonopore. Short distal end of posterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band lies on concave right wall of medial right lobe. Superior surface of medial right lobe with wide medial spicule directed posteriad. Anterior margin of spicule base slightly bent upwards, serrated. Apex of spicule dilated, roundish, at right side forms elevated plate curved spirally counterclockwise. Short acicular posterior spicule directed anteriad lying behind medial right lobe. Anterior and posterior left lobes absent. Apex of posterior part of vesica looks as two small tubercles. Anterior one narrowed basally, with rounded dilated apex, curved to right and slightly downwards. Posterior tubercle smaller, slightly elongated, curved to right. Posterior right lobe vestigial, with two short branches. Anterior branch looks like small conical tubercles directed upwards and located just below and slightly anteriorly of anterior tubercle of posterior vesical apex. Very small posterior branch of posterior right lobe lies behind base of anterior branch, under tubercles of posterior vesical apex and directed to right and slightly posteriad. Left wall of posterior part of vesica with sclerotised left carina, rather wide and high, serrated anteriorly, and continuing posteriad as wide rugose sclerotised band. Posterior part of this band branches like inverted Y. One of its branches narrow, serrated, extends upwards till superior surface of anterior tubercle on posterior vesical apex. Second branch wide, narrowing posteriad, its ends lies on posterior wall of vesica. Posterior wall of vesica membranous; right posterior wall in base with small sclerotised tubercle covered with microtrichia. Small, weak sclerotised triangular field lies before this tubercle. Left posterior wall of vesica in base with rather large rounded and strongly foveate sclerite with four concentric fine ridges.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 25 C, D). Ventral labiate plate forms short horizontal fold directed posteriad in the cavity of gynatrium. Dorsal labiate plate with large roundish, slightly convex area in middle. Sclerotised band connecting round sclerites rather narrow, interrupted in middle. Its internal ends lye on each side of convex area mentioned above. External margins of ring sclerites without triangular plates. Tectal sclerites separate, wide and rather short. Their internal margins almost straight, strongly connivent. Posterior margins of tectal sclerites not curved upwards, with small triangular prominences. Dorsal sac absent. Inner horizontal and transverse folds absent. Lateral oviducts directed posteriad or laterad, their bases lye near posterior margin of gynatrial roof. Medial lobe absent. Posterior margin of roof with slightly convex lateral parts. Interramal sclerite typical for Charagochilus, with small triangular protrusion in middle of dorsal margin and with large trapezoidal notch on ventral one. Anterior walls of internal lobes membranous, dorsal margin of their openings with narrow sclerotised edging laterally. Medial process, dorsal structure and lateral lobes entirely absent. Anterior and posterior vestibular sclerites absent.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. This species is transferred into the genus Charagochilus based on the following characters: collum about 1.5 times as long as width of first antennal segment (Fig. 41 A); punctures on the pronotum deep and rather large; short, not strongly pointed preocular part of head; claw without denticle; left paramere with flattened laterally, dolabriform hypophysis; apical margin of theca with single blade; vesica the left serrate carina, medial right lobe bearing lamellar spicule, with the posterior spicule lies between bases of medial right and posterior right lobes; without anterior and posterior left lobes; secondary gonopore with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae; gynatrium without the inner horizontal fold, transverse fold, dorsal sac, medial lobe and medial process; and ring sclerites without triangular plates on the external margins.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B1A5C11FF76F94B82D3D6AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B1C5C13FF76FF0182B5D070.text	963187E62B1C5C13FF76FF0182B5D070.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus bimaculatus (Poppius 1910)	<div><p>2. Charagochilus bimaculatus (Poppius, 1910) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19 I; 20 F–H; 22 A–C; 26 A, B; 41 B)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus bimaculatus Poppius, 1910: 48.</p> <p>Polymerus bimaculatus Carvalho, 1959: 234.</p> <p>Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) bimaculatus Odhiambo, 1959: 36.</p> <p>Material examined. Ghana, Tafo, 1, 13, 20, 27, 29, 30 Sept. 1965, 17, 30 Oct. 1965, at light, UV trap, D. Leston, 5 males *, 3 females * (BMNH); Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, Adiopodoumé, 29 Sept.—7 Oct. 1973, R. Linnavuori, 2 males *, 1 female * (AMNH); Tanzania, Bukoba, 12 June 1913, 1 male * (ZISP).</p> <p>First description of male and female terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 20 F) small, about one-third as long as left paramere, rather strongly widening distally. Hypophysis very small, lying in center of large membranous apical part of paramere body and directed sideways and upwards.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 20 G, H). Sensory process from posterior view triangular, rather shorter and narrower than in previous species. Hypophysis from lateral view as in previous species, but slightly less dilated.</p> <p>Theca with apical margin having only one large triangular blade as in previous species.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 22 A–C). Secondary gonopore located on anterior left side of vesica, with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae. Anterior right lobe with two branches. Anterior branch long, directed anteriad and slightly upwards, with pointed apex. Base of superior surface of this branch with rather long conical pointed tubercle, directed antriad and upwards. Anterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band continuing on posterior surface of this tubercle, tapering, but not protruding beyond apex of the latter. Left branch of anterior right lobe shorter than anterior one, with narrowly rounded apex, directed posteriad and downwards. Posterior part of vesica moderately large, slightly swollen in basal part, with convex left wall and elongated, pointed, slightly shifted to right and directed upwards posterior apex. Medial right lobe large, with two branches. Right branch wide, with broadly rounded apex, directed upwards and to right. Right wall of the latter with wide and long medial spicule directed posteriad. Apical part of medial spicule strongly dilated in sagittal plane in the shape of spoon concave on right side. Left branch of medial right lobe short and narrow pointed, directed to left. Posterior spicule acicular, slightly longer than in previous species, lies behind and on the right of medial lobe base, directed anteriad and slightly to right. Posterior branch of basi-apical sclerotised band reaches base of posterior spicule. Posterior right lobe long, directed the right, anteriad and upwards, T-shaped apically, with two short, narrow branches, directed anteriad and posteriad respectively. Left carina extends from apex of posterior part of vesica almost till secondary gonopore. Anterior and of carina strongly convex, rather wide, serrated and forms short pointed process directed anteriad. Medial part of carina flat, vanishing, without denticles in middle; posterior part convex, narrow and serrated. Posterior wall of vesica sclerotised in extreme base, with small flatted tubercle with sclerotised, smooth inferior surface.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 26 A, B) generally as in previous species. Ring sclerites greater than in Ch. flavipes. Roundish area in middle of dorsal labiate plate greater and more convex than in Ch. flavipes. Sclerotised band connecting round sclerites entire, rather narrow, arcuately curved anteriad and lies on anterior margin of convex area mentioned above. External margins of ring sclerites without triangular plates. Tectal sclerites separate, wide and rather long. Their internal margins long, connivent anteriorly and divergent posteriorly. Posterior margins of tectal sclerites rather straight, not curved upwards. Dorsal sac absent. Inner horizontal and transverse folds absent. Bases of lateral oviducts lye near posterior margin of gynatrial roof. Medial lobe absent. Posterior margin of roof with straight lateral parts. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite with straight lateral parts and small triangular protrusion in middle; ventral margin with deep arcuate notch. Anterior walls of internal lobes membranous, dorsal margin of their openings without sclerotised edging. Medial process, dorsal structure and lateral lobes entirely absent. Anterior vestibular sclerites large, transverse, dilated interiorly and narrowing exteriorly. Posterior vestibular sclerites very small longitudinally oblong.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. This species has a short preocular part of head, a small right paramere, the claw without denticle, the collar usually about equal in width to the diameter of the first antennal segment and slightly wider then the diameter of the second antennal segment in the middle, the rather fine punctuation on the pronotum (Fig. 41 B). Intermediate states of the last two characters do not allow putting this species explicitly into Polymerus or Charagochilus. Nevertheless this species shares with the latter genus the following main diagnostic characters: a dolabriform hypophysis of the left paramere; the apical margin of the theca with only one triangular sclerotised blade; the vesica with the left carina, with the medial right lobe bearing lamellar medial spicule, with the posterior spicule lying between bases of the medial right and posterior right lobes, without anterior and posterior left lobs; the secondary gonopore with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae; and the gynatrium without the inner horizontal and transverse folds, dorsal sac, medial lobe and medial process.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B1C5C13FF76FF0182B5D070	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B1F5C12FF76F93B81AAD527.text	963187E62B1F5C12FF76F93B81AAD527.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus obscuratus (Poppius 1914)	<div><p>3. Charagochilus obscuratus (Poppius, 1914) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19 J; 20 I–K; 22 D, E; 41 C)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus obscurus Poppius, 1912: 148, junior primary homonym of Poeciloscytus obscurus Uhler, 1893.</p> <p>Poeciloscytus obscuratus Poppius, 1914: 125.</p> <p>Polymerus obscuratus Carvalho, 1959: 238.</p> <p>Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) obscuratus Odhiambo, 1959: 37.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. “Museum Paris Sainte-Marie-de-Madagascar Coll. Noualhier 1898”, “obscurus sp. n ", “Muz. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 12121 Poeciloscytus obscurus Popp ”, male (MZHF).</p> <p>First description of male terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 20 I) small, about 0.28 times as long as left paramere. Body rather strongly dilate distally, with very small membranous apical part. Hypophysis shifted sideways.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 20 J, K). Sensory process from posterior view as in Ch. bimaculatus. Hypophysis from lateral view as in the latter species, but with longer inferior margin and more acute anterio-inferior angle and with less convex posterior part of superior margin.</p> <p>Theca with apical margin having only one large triangular blade.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 22 D, E) rather small. Secondary gonopore rather small, lies at left wall of vesica, with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae. Anterior branch of anterior right lobe rather short, directed anteriad and to left, without membranous tubercle and anterior spicule at superior surface. Right branch of anterior right lobe shorter and wider then anterior branch, with widely rounded apex, directed posteriad and downwards. Anterior branch of basi-apical sclerotised band very short, not extends on anterior right lobe. Posterior part of vesica rather dilated, with very short, widely rounded apex. Medial right lobe short and wide, its right branch very short and wide, directed upwards and anteriad, widely rounded. Left branch conical, wide and extremely short. Medial spicule as in Ch. bimaculatus, but directed to left. Posterior spicule longer and thicker than in the latter species, slightly curved, directed anteriad and upwards. Posterior branch of basi-apical sclerotised band reaches base of posterior spicule. Posterior right lobe with two branches and very short base. Posterior branch moderately long, narrow, directed to right and downwards, curved before acute apex. Anterior branch very short and wider then posterior one, lies on anterior side of base of the latter and directed anteriad. Left carina serrated on all length, except for narrow and sharply curved upwards middle. Anterior part of carina reaches secondary gonopore, slightly narrower then posterior part and not forming process. Posterior wall of vesica membranous, without tubercle.</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Madagascar.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. This species is transferred into the genus Charagochilus based on the following characters: collum about 1.5 times as long as width of the antennal segment (Fig. 41 C); punctures on pronotum deep and rather large; preocular part of head short; claw without denticle; left paramere with flattened laterally, dolabriform hypophysis; apical margin of the theca with only one blade; vesica with the left carina, medial right lobe bearing lamellar medial spicule, with the posterior spicule lying between bases of the medial right and posterior right lobes, without anterior and posterior left lobes; the secondary gonopore with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B1F5C12FF76F93B81AAD527	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B1E5C12FF76FB2883A7D73C.text	963187E62B1E5C12FF76FB2883A7D73C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus madagascariensis (Poppius 1914)	<div><p>4. Charagochilus madagascariensis (Poppius, 1914) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 41 D)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus madagascariensis Poppius, 1914: 125.</p> <p>Polymerus madagascariensis Carvalho, 1959: 237.</p> <p>Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) madagascariensis Odhiambo, 1959: 36.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. “ Fort Dauphin Madagascar mer. Sikora 1899”, “ Poeciloscytus madagascariensis n. sp ” [handwritten], female (ZISP).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. The species is known from a single female specimen. The female terminalia of this species have not been studied here in order to avoid destroying the integrity of this unique specimen.</p> <p>A short and not strongly pointed preocular part of the head, the claw without denticle, the collar about 1.5 times as wide as the diameter of the first antennal segment, and the rather deep punctures on the pronotum (Fig. 41 D) allow transferring this species into Charagochilus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B1E5C12FF76FB2883A7D73C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B1E5C1CFF76F927842BD0DF.text	963187E62B1E5C1CFF76F927842BD0DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus consanguineus (Distant 1904)	<div><p>5. Charagochilus consanguineus (Distant, 1904) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19 K; 20 L–N; 23; 26 C, D; 41 E)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus consanguineus Distant, 1904b: 459.</p> <p>Polymerus consanguineus Carvalho, 1959: 235.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. Myanmar. Ring label with red edging “Type H.T.”, “Bhamò Birmania Fea IX 1886 ”, “ consanguineus Dist. ” [handwritten], “ Distant coll. 1911–383”, “BMNH_ENT AMNH_PBI 00085726”, female (BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material. India, Mumbai, Dixon, “109”, “ Distant coll. 1911–383”, 1 female; South India, T.V. Campbell coll, “B.M. 1930–599”, 1 male *, 2 females *; Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, Feb. 1911, “ Distant coll. 1911–383”, 1 female, 25 May 1914, “ Ceylon. A. Rutherford. 1919-35”, 1 female, “IV.11.YIYY [?]”(BMNH).</p> <p>First description of male and female terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 20 L) small, about one-third as long as left paramere. Paramere as in Ch. bimaculatus, but body less dilated distally.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 20 M, N). Sensory process from posterior view triangular, rather long and wide. Hypophysis from lateral view less wide than in Ch. bimaculatus, with anterio-inferior angle less convex and more smoothly rounded.</p> <p>Theca with apical margin having only one large triangular sclerotised blade.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 23). Secondary gonopore located on anterior side of vesica and slightly shifted to left, with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae. Vesical wall below secondary gonopore with sclerotization resembling subgonoporal plate of Polymerus. Anterior right lobe with two branches. Anterior one directed anteriad and upwards, moderately long and wide, with rounded apex. Inferior wall of this branch in basal part with narrow sclerotised band and in extreme apex with long pointed membranous tubercle directed anteriad and downwards. Right branch shorter and wider then anterior one, directed downwards and widely rounded apically. Anterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band rather narrow in basal part, forms cup-shaped dilation between the bases of anterior right and medial right lobes. Anterior branch of this band forms long, flattened anterior spicule on anterior surface of base of anterior right lobe. Anterior spicule directed upwards and to right, with obtuse apex and membranous anterior wall in basal part. Anterior left lobe small, rounded, not branched, lies superiorly of base of anterior right lobe. Posterior part of vesica with rounded apex directed posteriad and to left. Posterior left lobe somewhat greater then anterior left one, with short and narrow base and oval apical part. Small, conically elongated, curved downwards membranous medial left tubercle located between bases of anterior and posterior left lobes near of superior margin of secondary gonopore. Medial right lobe moderately long, narrow, tapering to pointed apex, arcuately curved to right and anteriad. Posterior left wall of this lobe sclerotised in the form of wide band tapering apicad, but not protruding beyond apex of lobe. This band evidently corresponds to medial spicule of other Charagochilus species. Right wall of vesica with wide and straight, oblique posterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band. Distal end of this branch sharply curving to left and forming posterior spicule in base of left posterior wall of medial right lobe. Posterior spicule flat, very narrow and long, directed posteriad and curved downwards before acute apex. Base of this spicule touches posterior margin of medial spicule. Broad, rather wide and slightly concave sclerite tapering on superior and inferior ends lies at left wall of vesica under bases of medial and posterior spicules. Posterior right lobe long, with strongly dilated base directed posteriad and upwards, and with three branches. Posterior branch sharply curded upwards and slightly anteriad, very long, narrow, tapering to acute apex curved to right and slightly posteriad. Left branch short and rather wide, rounded apically, lies on left side of lobe in base of posterior branch. Inferior branch very small, rounded, lies under left one. Left carina convex and serrated at all length, extends from margin of secondary gonopore till apex of posterior part of vesica, without process on anterior end. Posterior wall of vesica without tubercle and sclerotised area.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 26 C, D). Ring sclerites large, without triangular plates on external margins. Sclerotised band connecting them entire, very wide, with large flat trapezoidal protrusion anteriorly and convex suboval one posteriorly. The latter protrusion lies on place on convex area of dorsal labiate plate. Tectal sclerites rather long, wide laterally, narrowing to subacute connivent internal angles. Posterior margins of tectal sclerites slightly convex in middle, not curved upwards. Dorsal sac present, short and wide, overlies on internal parts of tectal sclerites. Anterior margin of dorsal sac convex laterally and concave in middle, posterior margin convex in middle and concave laterally. Inner horizontal fold and transverse fold absent. Bases of lateral oviducts lye near posterior margin of gynatrial roof. Medial lobe absent. Posterior margin of roof with convex lateral parts. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite with slightly concave lateral parts and trapezoidal protrusion in middle; ventral margin with deep arcuate notch. Anterior walls of internal lobes membranous, with narrow sclerotised bands along dorsal margins of their openings. Medial process, dorsal structure and lateral lobes entirely absent. Anterior vestibular sclerites large, transverse, dilated on interior ends and narrowing laterad. Posterior vestibular sclerites absent.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. This species has several characters distinguishing it from other Charagochilus species studied in the current paper: non-lammelar medial spicule (which is not quite spicule, but sclerotised band on wall of narrow medial right lobe), presence of medial left tubercle, anterior and posterior left lobes of vesica and dorsal sac on gynatrial roof. However, other characters allow the inclusion of this species in Charagochilus: short head, small right paramere, claw without denticle, collar about 1.5 times as wide as diameter of first antennal segment, rather deep punctures on pronotum (Fig. 41 E), dolabriform hypophysis of left paramere, vesica with left carina, with medial right lobe and medial spicule, with posterior spicule lying between bases of medial right and posterior right lobes, and gynatrium without inner horizontal and transverse folds, medial lobe, medial process and plates on external margins of ring sclerites. Perhaps Ch. consanguineus should be placed in a separate subgenus or genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B1E5C1CFF76F927842BD0DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B105C1FFF76FE7C803BD34F.text	963187E62B105C1FFF76FE7C803BD34F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Charagochilus aureus (Ballard 1927)	<div><p>6. Charagochilus aureus (Ballard, 1927) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 20 O–Q; 24; 41 F)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus aureus Ballard, 1927: 65.</p> <p>Polymerus aureus Carvalho, 1959: 233.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. Ring label with red edging “Type H. T.”, “South India 12.VIII.12 Coimbatore Fletcher coll.”, “ Press. By E. Ballard. Brit. Mus. 1928-217”, “ Poeciloscytus sp. n. Det. Uvarov ”, “ aureus Ballard V.S. S. India ”, “BMNH_ENT AMNH_PBI 00085725”, female (BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material. “X.11.YIYY [?]”, “ Polymerus aureus (Ballard) Compared to type det. T.J. Henry 1996”, male* (BMNH).</p> <p>First description of male terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 20 O) longer than in all previous species, about 0.70 times length of l left one. Paramere body cylindrical, sclerotised in base and on one side in apical part; the rest of body hyaline. Sclerotised wall in distal part bears short fine setae. Hypophysis comparatively large, sclerotised, hook-shaped.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 20 P; Q). Body from lateral view curved anteriad in apical part, slightly dilated at base, tapering distally. Sensory process from posterior view wide, trapezoidal. Hypophysis from lateral view short, spatulate, dilating to anterior margin, with rather straight superior and inferior margins, acutely rounded anterioinferior angle and more widely rounded anterio-superior angle. Internal surface of hypophysis slightly concave with fine rib, extending to small needle-shaped protrusion at anterior margin of hypophysis. Setae on paramere absent.</p> <p>Theca with apical margin having only one long triangular sclerotised blade.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 24). Secondary gonopore located on left side of vesica, with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae. Anterior right lobe very large, with four branches. Anterior branch dilated basally, long, straight, directed and tapering anteriad. Small tubercle at its apex, right and inferior surfaces just behind the latter covered with microtrichia. Right branch rather narrow basally, with dilated rounded apex, directed downwards and slightly anteriad. Posterior branch shorter, moderately wide, directed posteriad and upwards, in the middle sharply curved to left and downwards. Apex of this branch widely rounded, on inferior side with elongate acute sclerite adjoining to left wall of vesica. Left branch shorter and narrower than all previous ones, directed posteriad. Rounded apex of this branch on superior surface with short acicular spicule, directed posteriad and slightly curved to right. Anterior left lobe rather short, elongated, tapering to acute apex, directed to left and slightly downwards. This lobe overlies on secondary gonopore, so that it is almost not visible from outside. Apex of this lobe with small elongated serrate sclerite on anterior surface; inferior surface of lobe in base with small oval serrate sclerite. Posterior part of vesica small, with very short, rounded apex curved downwards. Very small rounded posrerior left lobe lies near superior margin of secondary gonopore. Extremely small membranous medial left tubercle located above secondary gonopore. Medial right lobe and medial spicule absent. Posterior right lobe short, moderately narrow, directed to right and posteriad, with rounded apex. Left wall of posterior part of vesica without sclerotised carina. Depression on right wall of vesica (separating the latter into anterior and posterior parts) with short baso-apical sclerotised band. It wide basally, strongly tapering apically, not branched. Posterior wall of vesica membranous, without tubercle.</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. South India (Coimibatore).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. This species has the diagnostic characters of genus Charagochilus: wide collar, 1.5 times as wide as diameter of first antennal segment, rather deep pronotal punctuation (Fig. 41 F). The vesica of this species is unusual in the possession of a very large anterior right lobe with four branches and the acicular spicule not connected with the baso-apical sclerotised band that is short and not branched; the absence of the medial right lobe, the left carina and the posterior spicule. Nonetheless the structure of the vesica and an unusual left paramere of this species are much closer to those of Charagochilus than to those of Polymerus. Also this species shares other characters with Charagochilus: wide collar, 1.5 times as wide as diameter of first antennal segment; rather deep pronotal punctuation; short, not strongly pointed preocular part of head; claw without denticle; apical margin of theca with single blade; secondary gonopore with complete ring of concentrically curved spinulae. Based on these characters, this species is tentatively transferred to Charagochilus, but perhaps it should be placed in a separate subgenus or genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B105C1FFF76FE7C803BD34F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B135C1EFF76FDC182A4D695.text	963187E62B135C1EFF76FDC182A4D695.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proboscidocoris Reuter 1882	<div><p>Genus Proboscidocoris Reuter, 1882</p> <p>Type species by monotypy: Proboscidocoris fuliginosus Reuter, 1882.</p> <p>Studied species: Proboscidocoris (s. str.) fuliginosus Reuter, 1882; Proboscidocoris (s. str.) rufinervis Poppius, 1914; Proboscidocoris (Rhyssicoris) intermedius Poppius, 1912; Proboscidocoris (Prosopicoris) feanus Poppius, 1912; P. malayus Reuter, 1908 and P. varicornis (Jakovlev, 1904).</p> <p>Diagnosis. According to Carvalho (1955) and Odhiambo (1959), head strongly pointed in front (except for Pr. nitidus) (Fig. 27 С), more or less strongly inclined, from lateral view usually appears twice as long as high (except for Pr. nitidus); claws strongly toothed at base (except for Pr. nitidus) (Fig. 19 O); first tarsal segment usually distinctly shorter than second one; ostiolar peritreme very large; body usually densely covered with adpressed white or yellowish pubescence. Actually, a peritreme size (which varies in different species of the genus), and the relative length of tarsal segments are not diagnostic. The rest of the mentioned characters can be supplemented by anterior right lobe of vesica with large superior branch and the following combinations of characters: diameter of second antennal segment in males not greater than collar width and slightly greater than diameter of third segment; collar in all studied by me species wide (except for Pr. nitidus); right paramere large, with strongly sclerotised body, except for weakly sclerotised anterior wall, and rather wide, curved anteriad hypophysis; hypophysis of left paramere wide from superior view or flattened laterally; anterior and posterior (except for Pr. nitidus) left lobes present; anterior spicule of vesica not branched; posterior part of vesica without left serrate carina, medial right lobe, medial and posterior spicules; baso-apical sclerotised band long, branched, its posterior branch not strongly dilated distally and not reaches posterior apex of vesica (except for Pr. feanus); posterior part of vesica without posterior bladder and fields of microtrichia; secondary gonopore with complete ring of subequal concentrically curved spinulae (Fig. 13 D); inner horizontal fold and medial process in gynatrium (Fig. 31) present, medial lobe absent (except for Pr. nitidus).</p> <p>Description of the male and female terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 28 A, F, G) almost similar in all studied species, slightly shorter then right paramere, with almost straight body having weakly sclerotised anterior wall and rather small hypophysis curved anteriad.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 28 B–E, H, I). Hypophysis in P. intermedius, P. feanus, P. malayus and P. varicornis is more or less flattened in horizontal plane, rather narrow from lateral view. In P. feanus hypophysis slightly dilated from posterior and superior view, its right wall thickened, vertical, with superior and inferior margins forming carinae, not covered with setae. Inferior carina rather high, not reaching apex of hypophysis; superior carina low, gradually decreasing anteriorly. Apex of hypophysis acute. In P. intermedius, P. malayus and P. varicornis hypophysis dilated from posterior and superior view, and narrowed from lateral view, with very thin carinae on superior and inferior margins of internal wall; superior carina with small triangular plate in muddle. Internal wall of hypophysis with row of short setae Apex of hypophysis slightly lamellate dilated. In P. rufinervis hypophysis slightly flattened laterally, rather wide from lateral view, with carinated and smoothly convex superior margin and more convex inferior one, and without setae. Apex of hypophysis elongated, acute. In P. fuliginosus hypophysis lamellate in apical part, strongly flattened laterally. Its superior and inferior margins convex, superior one with acute denticle directed posteriad, inferior margin weakly sclerotised. Posterior wall of hypophysis basal part cowered with rather short setae.</p> <p>Aedeagus. Apical margin of theca forms only one long anterior lobe turning anteriad in time of inflation of vesica. Anterior (inferior) margin of anterior lobe weakly sclerotised.</p> <p>Vesica (Figs 13 D; 29) large, its anterior part greater or equal in size with posterior one. Right side of vesica with deep impression enclosing long baso-apical sclerotised band divided into anterior and posterior branches apically. Left side of vesica also with impression and secondary gonopore in it. Secondary gonopore entirely visible from left view, not closed by lobes of vesica. All spinulae of secondary gonopore subequally long (Fig. 13 D). Anterior part of vesica swollen, with two lobes. Anterior right lobe subdivided into three branches. Superior branch large, swollen, directed upwards and curved to left. Wide anterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band lie on posterior left side of anterior right lobe and continue into curved anterior spicule located on posterior wall of superior branch of anterior right lobe. In P. fuliginosus superior branch of this lobe bearing also short and slightly dilated C-shaped additional anterior spicule on anterior wall. Anterior branch of anterior right lobe swollen, shorter then superior one, tapering in P. fuliginosus, subrectangular in P. rufinervis and rounded in other species, directed anteriad and downwards, with small tubercle before apex. Right branch of anterior right lobe in the main short, narrowly conical, directed to right and slightly posteriad. In P. feanus this branch long and strongly swollen. In P. intermedius anterior right lobe not divided into branches, strongly dilated and rounded apically, directed to right. Anterior left lobe in all species rather narrow (dilated apically in P. fuliginosus), not branched, directed upwards and curved anteriorly or posteriorly (in P. intermedius and P. feanus). Anterior wall of this lobe in P. rufinervis, anterior wall and entire apex in P. fuliginosus and P. intermedius covered with vanishingly small denticles. Posterior part of vesica with short tapered posterior apex directed posteriad and usually small tubercle on superior surface. Posterior apex in P. feanus very short, smoothed, without tubercle. In P. fuliginosus, P. rufinervis and P. intermedius small rounded medial left tubercle located above secondary gonopore; in the latter species this tubercle merged with posterior wall of anterior left lobe and is barely visible. Posterior left lobe short and rather wide, with two short branches. Superior branch directed anteriad, in P. intermedius it longer than in other species and absent in P. feanus; inferior branch directed to left and posteriad, in P. intermedius modified into low and wide tubercle. Medial right lobe and medial spicule absent. Posterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band long, continuing on superior wall of posterior part of vesica till its posterior apex. Posterior right lobe large, lying on right wall of posterior part of vesica, with base curved anteriad and two or three branches. In P. fuliginosus and P. rufinervis posterior right lobe very large, with rather long and narrow base and three branches. Left one very long, directed to left and upwards; right branch shorter, directed to right and slightly downwards. Short posterior branch lies at base of right branch and directed posteriad and downwards. In P. intermedius posterior right lobe as in two previous species but only with low smooth tubercle on place of right and posterior branches. In P. varicornis, P. malayus and P. feanus base of this lobe substantially shorter than in other species. In first two species lobe subdivided into two branches, right of them short, directed to right. Left branch in P. varicornis long, directed upwards and posteriad; in P. malayus this branch only slightly longer than left one, directed upwards. In P. feanus posterior right lobe rather strongly swollen, with three branches; right one longest, directed anteriad, left branch slightly shorter, directed to left and posteriad, posterior branch shortest, directed to right and posteriad. Secondary gonopore rather small, reinforced with ring of subequally long, curved concentrically spinulae.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 31). Ring sclerites connected (except for P. feanus and P. varicornis) by narrow sclerotised band. Their external margins without triangular plates. Dorsal sac large, flattened dorso-ventrally. Tectal sclerites separated, large. Inner horizontal fold presents, wide and rather long. Transverse fold absents. Medial lobe absents. Interramal sclerite as in Polymerus and Charagochilus. Anterior walls of interramal lobes sclerotised. Medial process convex, rounded. Anterior vestibular sclerites longitudinally oblong, lying in frontal plane, present in all studied species. P. fuliginosus and P. intermedius with posterior vestibular sclerites lying at membrane above anterior ones also in frontal plane. In P. feanus anterior part of gynatrium strongly narrowed, ring sclerites very small, dorsal sac located just behind them, very narrow and strongly convex.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B135C1EFF76FDC182A4D695	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B155C19FF76F9888309D68B.text	963187E62B155C19FF76F9888309D68B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proboscidocoris solitus (Walker 1873)	<div><p>1. Proboscidocoris solitus (Walker, 1873) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19 P; 27 D, F)</p> <p>Capsus solitus Walker, 1873: 116. Polymerus solitus Carvalho, 1959: 240.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. “1226.”, round label: “C.G.H.”, on the back: “42 47”, “a. Cape ”, “266. Capsus solitus ”, round label with green border “Type”, female (BMNH).</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. This species is known only from single female. A condition of the holotype is very poor and does not allow dissecting the genitalia without the threat of destruction of the specimen. This species is transferred into Proboscidocoris on the basis of claws toothed basally (Fig. 19 P) and clearly elongated and strongly pointed preocular part of the head (Fig. 27 D, F).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B155C19FF76F9888309D68B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B145C66FF76F947836CD08A.text	963187E62B145C66FF76F947836CD08A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proboscidocoris nitidus Odhiambo 1959	<div><p>2. Proboscidocoris nitidus Odhiambo, 1959</p> <p>(Figs 13 E; 19 N; 27 B, E; 28 J–N; 30, 32)</p> <p>Proboscidocoris (Metopicoris) nitidus Odhiambo, 1959: 352–354.</p> <p>Polymerus nitidus Akingbohungbe, 1978: 93.</p> <p>Material examined. Paratypes. “ Uganda, Kawanda 29.vi.1945 H.S. Darling ” “ Paratype ♀ Proboscidocoris nitidus sp. n. T.R. Odhiambo det.”, male*; “ Uganda, Kawanda 29.vi.1945 H.S. Darling ” “ Paratype ♀ Proboscidocoris nitidus sp. n. T.R. Odhiambo det.”, female* (BMNH).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by the following combination of characters: head wider than long, its preocular part short, not strongly pointed (Fig. 27 B, E); collar narrow, approximately as wide as diameter of first antennal segment width; pronotum almost smooth, with barely perceptible punctuation; posterior femora rather strongly dilated; claw without denticle; body dorsally black except apex of cuneus and small spots near internal margins of eyes; this spots distinctly not reaching antennal fossae.</p> <p>Description of the male and female terminalia. Right paramere (Fig. 28 J, K) as length as left one. Body from lateral view curved in basal part, with convex, weakly sclerotised anterior wall and straight, strongly sclerotised posterior one; from posterior view body narrowed basally and apically, evenly dilated in middle, only on right side basally and left side apically forms small triangular protrusions. Hypophysis moderately small, curved anteriad, with truncated apex. Setae on paramere absent.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 28 L–N). Body from lateral view rather sharply curved in basal part, dilated basally and narrowing apically. Anterior wall of paramere body deeply concave. From posterior view body strongly dilated basally, its exterior margin forms rather long pointed sensory process. Hypophysis large, strongly flattened laterally, narrow basally and widening to apical margin. The latter in superior part rectangularly rounded, in inferior part forms long narrow triangular protrusion curved to right. Inferior margin of hypophysis and superior one in anterior part weakly sclerotised; interior wall concave, without carina. Setae on paramere absent.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 13 E; 30) of the same general structure as in Proboscidocoris. Anterior part of vesica greater than posterior one. Anterior right lobe very large and swollen, with two long branches. Anterior wall of lobe base with rather large conical tubercle directed anteriad and upwards. Anterior branch directed to left, anteriad and slightly downwards, with strongly convex right wall in apical part. Superior wall of anterior branch apically bears long anterior spicule directed to left. Spicule dilated, tapering apically, with longitudinal carinae at right and superior surfaces. Right branch of anterior right lobe longer then anterior one, directed to right, slightly downwards and slightly curved anteriad in apical part. Posterior wall of right branch with rather short and wide tubercle. Anterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band indistinct, looks like formless, weak sclerotised area at posterior wall of right branch of anterior right lobe. This area considerably not reaching base of anterior spicule. Anterior left lobe rather small, with two wide branches. Anterior branch directed upwards, its anterior wall covered with very small spinulae. Posterior branch slightly shorter, directed posteriad. Left wall of vesica above secondary gonopore with very long directed upwards left medial lobe. It narrow in basal part, slightly dilating distad, with rounded apex curved anteriad. Left wall of this lobe covered with extremely small sclerotised granules. Apex of posterior part of vesica short, directed posteriad. Posterior right lobe moderate, directed upwards in basal part and sharply arcuate curved to left and downwards in middle. Apical part of lobe subdivided into two branches. Anterior branch short, conical, directed anteriad and slightly upwards; posterior branch longer and slightly wider, tapering to rounded apex, directed posteriad and slightly downwards. Posterior left lobe absent. Posterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band narrow, continuing at anterio-inferior surface of posterior right lobe and almost reaches its apex.</p> <p>Another, rather long branch located at base of lobe at its anterior wall. It does not straighten up 2 during preparation of inflated aedeagus of only one available for me male. Therefore, this branch is not shown in the figure. Secondary gonopore not closed by lobes of vesica, with complete ring of subequally long spinulae (Fig. 13 E).</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 32) as in other studied genera. Round sclerites large, their edging rather wide. Sclerotised band between them wide. Dorsal sac large, wider than long, with rather thickened walls and widely rounded anterior margin. It covers tectal sclerites anteriorly but leaves its lateral parts entirely uncovered. Tectal sclerites separate, rather widely spaced. They widening medially, with convex anterior margins and acutely elongated anterio-exterior angles. Posterior margins of each tectal sclerite with subtriangular notch in exterior part and wide and long rounded protrusion in interior part. Medial lobe very large, wide basally and narrowing to rounded apex. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite concave, its lateral parts almost straight; lateral margins slightly convex below middle; ventral margin short, straight. Anterior walls of interramal lobes membranous, only dorsal margins of their openings with strongly sclerotised narrow edging and more wide, weakly sclerotised bands below them. Medial process round, convex and strongly sclerotised. Anterior vestibular sclerites long, narrow, diverging anteriorly, with parallel posterior ends. These sclerites lye in parasagittal plane at folds of membrane between gonapophyses. Posterior vestibular sclerites small, lye in frontal plane. Their posterior ends dilated, converging, anterior ends narrow, diverging, connected with posterior ends of anterior vestibular sclerites.</p> <p>Distribution. Gabon, Uganda.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Odhiambo (1959) described this species in the monotypic subgenus Metopicoris of the genus Proboscidocoris and listed among the diagnostic characters the following: “Head only shortеly produced</p> <p>2. A possible reason for this is that the branch is turned inside out at rest and has to go through a small opening at its base reinforced with the posterior branch of the baso-apical sclerotised band and its short ramification.</p> <p>anteriorly, when viewed from above appears transverse. Hind femora greatly thickened; tarsal claws only slightly toothed at base”. Akingbohungbe (1978) studied the type series of this species and found that its claw is actually only thickened basally but not toothed. He transferred this species in Polymerus based on the structure of the claw, the mesal width of the collar, equal to the diameter of the first antennal segment, and finely rugose pronotum. He also noted that the male genital structures of this species “can at best be taken as showing inter-specific differences from what is known for the genus Polymerus Hahn ”. I agree with the interpretation of characters of the claw (Fig. 19 N) and pronotum (Fig. 27 E) given by Akingbohungbe, but think his interpretation of terminalia characters is erroneous. This species certainly has the same structural plan of the vesica as in Proboscidocoris and is different from those of Polymerus and Charagochilus. Some characters of the vesica are absent in the species of Proboscidocoris studied by me: greatly enlarged anterior right lobe, the loss of the anterior branch of the baso- apical sclerotised band (and probably related with it anterior spicule, than the spicule of P. nitidus apparently homologous to the additional anterior spicule of P. fuliginosus), curved to left and downwards the posterior right lobe, the posterior branch of the baso-apical sclerotised band, located on a wall of the posterior right lobe, very long left medial lobe (located on the site of the left medial tubercle in P. fuliginosus, P. rufinervis and P. intermedius). The structure of the vesica of P. nitidus also is close to that of the last three species in the presence of microscopic spines on the left anterior lobe. The structure of the right paramere of P. nitidus is such as that in Proboscidocoris and Dichelocentrum gen. nov. but is quite different from that of Polymerus and Charagochilus. The hypophysis of the left paramere is different from those of all others examined by me for this current paper, however it is close to the hypophysis in P. fuliginosus. Both species have flattened laterally, widening distad hypophysis with weakly sclerotised superior and inferior margins. The gynatrium of P. nitidus differs from those of Proboscidocoris species in having the medial lobe and two pairs of vestibular sclerites arranged one after another and connected together. I return P. nitidus to Proboscidocoris on the basis of undoubted similarities of this species with the latter genus in the structure of the male terminalia and the differences from species of Polymerus. Nevertheless the status of this species remains uncertain; possibly it should be placed in a separate genus after a required revision of Proboscidocoris.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B145C66FF76F947836CD08A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B6A5C6DFF76FD8B84CAD39E.text	963187E62B6A5C6DFF76FD8B84CAD39E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichelocentrum Gapon 2014	<div><p>Genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Dichelocentrum transvaalicum sp. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by anterior spicule divided into two branches, posterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band strongly dilated in distal part, and following combination of characters: short, not strongly pointed preocular part of head; pale spots on frons reaching antennal cavities anteriorly (vs. not reaching in dark species of Polymerus); thickened second antennal segment in males, greater in its diameter than collar width (Fig 33 H); narrow pronotal collar; fine punctures on pronotum; body covered with adpressed, weakly widened gold or silver setae; claws without tooth; right paramere long, completely sclerotised (except for weakly sclerotised anterior wall of body) with rather long and wide, curved anteriad hypophysis (as opposed to the same in Polymerus and Charagochilus); vesica with small left anterior and posterior lobes; swollen anterior right lobe with only low bladders; medial right lobe, medial and posterior spicules, left serrate carina, posterior bladder and fields of microtrichia on vesica absent; rather short posterior right lobe subdivided into two branches; branched baso-apical sclerotised band with posterior branch reaching posterior apex of vesica; secondary gonopore located on left wall of vesica, with complete ring of subequal concentrically curved spinulae; two pairs of anterior and posterior vestibular sclerite connected together; presence of dorsal sac, inner horizontal fold and medial process in gynatrium; ring sclerites without triangular plates on external margins; and absence of transverse fold, dorsal structure, lateral lobes and medial lobe.</p> <p>Description. Size and shape of body (Fig. 42). Body rather small, 4.10–5.00 in males and 4.35–5.80 in females, elongate-oval with sub-parallel lateral margins, slightly convex dorsally.</p> <p>Colouration. Dorsal surface of head yellowish brown to dark brown, with large pale spots along inner margins of eyes, reach antennal fossae and dilated posteriad. Dorsal surface of head can be almost entirely pale (D. transvaalicum sp. nov.). Ventral surface of head and mandibular plates light. Antennae at least partially pale. Pronotum dark brown or blackish, its posterior margin with brownish-yellow stripe, not reaching to lateral angles. Ends of this stripe slightly extended in form of triangular patches directed anteriad. Pronotum of D. longirostre (Reuter, 1905) comb. nov. usually with narrow longitudinal light strip; pronotum of some specimens of D. transvaalicum pale, with a few large dark spots. Collar yellowish-brown, rarely dark. Pleurites yellowish brown or dark brown, propleurites pale, their posterior margins and margins of coxal cavity yellowish. Evaporatorium yellowish or whitish. Scutellum dark brown, with yellow spot at apex, ranging in size from small to very large. Femora, tibiae and tarsi pale. Femora often with small or large dark brown spots, rarely almost entirely dark brown. Third tarsal segment dark. Bristles on tibiae dark brown. Clavus dark brown, with paler anterior and posterior corners. Corium yellowish-brown, with more or less large dark spots in posterior and internal parts. Sometimes corium almost entirely dark brown, except for narrow strip along external margin. Small longitudinal spot on corium behind apex of clavus yellowish. Cuneus often light brown, dark brown or russet. It usually reddish in D. ornatifrons (Odhiambo, 1959) comb. nov. and D. flora (Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005) comb. nov. Base and apex of clavus yellowish. Ventral surface of abdomen light brown, sometimes dark brown or reddish with brownyellowish spots and narrow dark stripe on each side along lateral margins.</p> <p>Surface and vestiture. Pronotum densely covered with very small and shallow punctures. Surface between them smooth and shiny. Area around calli matte. Scutellum without punctures, with very fine transverse wrinkles, less shiny than pronotum. Clavus and corium with subtle sparse punctures, matte. Body entirely covered with thin, slightly raised, gray setae; head, thorax, wings and abdomen venter also covered with weakly thickened, easily deciduous silvery or goldish setae.</p> <p>Structure of body. Head transverse, oblique, with short preocular part. Frons more or less convex, vertex flat, its posterior margin with distinct carina along entire width. Clypeus not protruding beyond anterior margin of frons. Eyes large, vertical in lateral view and transverse in dorsal view. Mandibular plates triangular, maxillar plates subquadrangular with oblique anterior margin. Buccula short. Rostrum reaches hind coxae or slightly protrudes beyond them; its first segment reaches middle of xyphus of prothorax. Antennal fossa located close to inferior margin of eye. First segment slightly thickened, several times shorter than second, slightly shorter than third and fourth ones separately. Second antennal segment in males about the same thickness as first segment and distinctly thicker than third and fourth segments (Fig. 33H). Second antennal segment in females significantly thinner than first segment, very slightly thickened apically, its base about the same thickness as third and fourth segments.</p> <p>Pronotum trapezoidal, more or less convex in posterior part and slanted anteriad. Cali rather large, strongly flattened. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, with collar. Its width approximately equal to diameter of female second antennal segment in its middle. Lateral margins of pronotum straight, smooth, posterior margin straight in middle, with rounded lateral parts. Anterior and posterior angles of pronotum rounded. Xyphus of prothorax with round carinae on its margins. Mesoscutum partly exposed, looking as narrow transverse strip in front of scutellum base. Scutellum approximately as long as wide, its surface more or less convex. Hemelytra macropterous or subrachypterous, their lateral margins nearly straight in males and more convex in females. Membrane brown, with whitish small patches near apex of cuneus. Openings of metathoracic scent glands small, continuing as short ruga surrounded by small evaporatory area, expanding posteriorly. Femora slightly bent, flattened laterally. Tibiae cylindrical, straight. First segment of all tarsi shorter than second one, second and third segments subequal in length.</p> <p>Genital capsule conical, rounded posteriorly, without any prominences. Posterior opening of genital capsule subsymmetrical, extending anteriad and narrowing in posterior part. Two paramere sockets located in its posterior corners. Cuplike sclerite of genital chamber large, ovoid, narrowing anteriad. Proctiger as in Polymerus.</p> <p>Right paramere (Figs 34, 35: A, B, E, F, I, J) long, subcylindrical, slightly shorter then left one. Paramere body without processes and protrusions. Anterior wall of body straight in apical part and slightly concave in basal part, rather weakly sclerotised but not hyaline; posterior wall strongly sclerotised, convex in basal part. Hypophysis rather short, curved anteriad, its left (internal) margin skewed downwards.</p> <p>Left paramere (Figs 34, 35: C, D, G, H, K, L). Anterior wall of paramere body from lateral view slightly and evenly convex or almost straight, posterior wall strongly, subrectangular convex basally. Sensory process located on left (external) wall of body, short and broad. Hypophysis long, curved anteriad, flattened laterally, expanding distally from lateral view, with acicular extreme apex, slightly curved to right. Right (internal) wall of hypophysis with more or less high carina. The latter with row of thin setae in some species.</p> <p>Aedeagus. Phallobase as in Polymerus.</p> <p>Basal part of theca with membranous lateral and posterior walls, apical part of theca and its anterior wall basally sclerotised. Apical part of anterior wall weakly sclerotised. Apical margin of theca with single triangular anterior sclerotised blade. Its apex with small notch on left side (Fig. 5 C). This blade turns forward during copulation.</p> <p>Vesica (Figs 13 F; 36; 37) relatively small and consists of anterior and posterior membranous parts, separated with depressions on right and left sides of vesica. Long basi-apical sclerotised band located in right depression, secondary gonopore lies in left one. Secondary gonopore small, ovate, with complete ring of subequal, concentrically curved spinulae (Fig. 13 F). Anterior part of vesica with two lobes. Right anterior lobe swollen moderately long and wide, with anterior branch and three wide bladders. Anterior branch directed anteriad, slightly downwards and to right. Superior bladder more convex, right one flattened, inferior bladder as superior or as right ones. Anterior spicule lies on posterior walls of lobe base and its superior bladder. Basal part of this spicule wide and being continuation of anterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band. In distal part anterior spicule bifurcates into two branches directed anteriad and slightly to left. These branches subequal in length and curved downwards apically. Anterior branch with more sharply curved apex, posterior one slightly wider than the latter and curved more gradually. Anterior left lobe rather small, broad in basal part, tapering apically, with two branches. Superior branch directed upwards and curved posteriad in apical part; inferior branch usually shorter, directed downwards and anteriad. Posterior part of vesica slightly smaller than anterior one, with posterior apex directed posteriad, and with two lobes. Posterior left lobe of the same size as anterior left one, not branched, directed to left and its apex touches the latter. Base of lobe often with smooth basal tubercle. Both left lobes cover secondary gonopore on each side and superiorly, forming short channel. Medial right lobe, medial left tubercle and medial spicule absent. Posterior right lobe rather narrow, longer than other lobes of vesica, directed anteriad and divided into two branches in distal part. Posterior branch of baso-apical sclerotised band curved to left on superior surface of posterior part of vesica and reaches its apex. This branch greatly widened and covered with longitudinal rugae in middle, tapering distad. Posterior wall of vesica weakly sclerotised in extreme base.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Figs 38; 39). Dorsal labiate plate usually with very thin sclerotised band connecting ring sclerites. Dorsal sac rather large, with rather thickened walls and wide rounded anterior margin. Its length is approximately equal to width; it overlies tectal sclerites but not covering its external parts. Tectal sclerites separate and looks like pair of triangular plates with sharp internal angles directed mediad. Posterior margins of tectal sclerites form short rounded prominences. Inner horizontal fold rather long. Transverse fold absent. Medial lobe on posterior margin of gynatrial roof absent. Interramal sclerites large, merged into single sclerite. Its lateral angles strongly elongated, external margins slightly convex in middle, ventral margin with more or less deep notch, dorsal margin smooth concave, without medial prominence. Anterior walls of interramal lobes membranous, only dorsal margins of their openings bordered by narrow sclerotised edging connected with lateral angles of interramal sclerites. Medialprocess small, round, lie in middle of interramal sclerite. Anterior vestibular sclerites small, diverging anteriorly, parallel in posterior part, lie in parasagittal plane on internal walls of folds formed by membrane connecting first gonocoxites. Posterior vestibular sclerites lie in frontal plane, very large, boomerang-shaped, with closely spaced parallel anterior ends and divergent posterior ones. Ends of anterior and posterior sclerites of each pair connected to one another.</p> <p>Measurements of all species of the genus are given in Table 4.</p> <p>Distribution. Afrotropic: Yemen, Eastern, Western and Southern Africa</p> <p>Etymology. Name of the genus derived from the ancient Greek words “διχηλός”, bifurcated and “κέντρον”, needle, spine, spike. The gender of the name is neuter.</p> <p>Key to species of genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov.</p> <p>1(2). Femora and the first antennal segment (Fig. 33 A) yellowish or brownish-yellow, without dark spots, or first antennal segment with small isolated dark spot on external surface. Right paramere with short and tapering hypophysis on lateral view and small smooth tubercle on anterior wall under it (Fig. 34 A, E). Left paramere with long hypophysis, its superior and inferior margins convex before apex on lateral view (Fig. 34 C, G). Superior margin of posterior branch of spicule of vesica smoothly curved (Fig. 36 A)............................................................................. 1. D. longirostre</p> <p>2(1). Femora with small or large dark spots or distinctly reddish. First antennal segment with short or long dark ring at base, or first segment in most part or entirely black or red (Fig. 33 B–E).</p> <p>3(4). First two antennal segments, femora and venter of abdomen reddish (Fig. 42 C). Right paramere with short and tapering hypophysis on lateral view and small smooth tubercle on anterior wall of body under hypophysis (Fig. 34 I). Left paramere with long hypophysis, its superior and inferior margins convex before apex on lateral view (Fig. 34 K). Superior margin of posterior branch of vesical anterior spicule sharply curved (Fig. 36 B, C)......................................... 2. D. flora</p> <p>4(3). Antennae, femora and venter of abdomen not red. Superior margin of posterior branch of vesical anterior spicule smoothly curved (Fig. 36 D).</p> <p>6(9). Smaller, length 3.95–5.00. Body usually with large pale spots (Fig 42 E, G, H). Right paramere with rather long and wide hypophysis on lateral view (35 A, I). Africa.</p> <p>7(8). Head pale or dark superiorly. Pronotum with several large dark spots, if it completely dark, than with light longitudinal stripe visible at least in posterior part (Fig. 42 G, H). Veins of membrane not red. Inferior margin of left paramere hypophysis convex in middle and concave before apex (Fig. 35 K)....................................... 4. D. transvaalicum sp. nov.</p> <p>8(7). Superior surfaces of head and pronotum always dark, the latter without longitudinal pale stripe (Fig. 42 D, E). Veins on membrane often red. Inferior margin of left paramere hypophysis straight on all length (Fig. 35 C, G).......... 3. D. ornatifrons</p> <p>9(6). Greater, length 5.00–5.80 mm. Body very dark (Fig. 42 I). Right paramere with rather short and narrow, pointed hypophysis on lateral view (Fig. 35 M). Arabian Peninsula.................................................... 5. D. alkadanum</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B6A5C6DFF76FD8B84CAD39E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B615C68FF76FC8F8551D390.text	963187E62B615C68FF76FC8F8551D390.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichelocentrum longirostre (Reuter 1905)	<div><p>1. Dichelocentrum longirostre (Reuter, 1905) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5 C; 13 F; 33 A; 34 A–H; 36 D, I, J; 38, A, B; 42, A, B)</p> <p>Poeciloscytus longirostris Reuter, 1905: 14.</p> <p>Polymerus longirostris Carvalho, 1959: 237.</p> <p>Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) longirostris, Odhiambo, 1959: 37.</p> <p>Material examined. Syntype: “Levander”, “Massauah”, “ Poeciloscytus longirostris n.sp. O.M. Reuter det.”, male* (MZHF).</p> <p>Additional material. Tanzania, Mlingano, 2 Feb.1964, I.A.D. Robertson, 6 males *, 3 females * (AMNH).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Distinguished by yellowish-brown first antennal segment, rarely with small isolated dark spot at base, yellowish-brown femora without dark spots. Male recognised by right paramere with short and tapering hypophysis on lateral view and small smooth tubercle on anterior wall under it; long hypophysis of left paramere with convex superior and inferior margins before apex on lateral view; posterior right lobe of inflated vesica with straight right branch and very short left branch, perpendicular to the latter. The described form of parameres does not occurs among other Dichelocentrum species except for D. flora (Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005) comb. nov., but it has reddish femora, first two antennal segments, cuneus and venter of abdomen. Some specimens of D. ornatifrons (Odhiambo, 1959) comb. nov. can be similar to D. longirostre in a colouration but clearly distinguished from the latter by the shape of parameres and vesica.</p> <p>Redescription. Length 4.10–4.30 in males and 4.75–5.25 in females. Body covered with goldish or silvery thickened setae (Fig. 40 A, B).</p> <p>Dorsal surface of head dark brown or blackish. First and second antennal segments brownish-yellow; first segment rarely with small dark spot at base on external side; second segment in apical third dark brown; third segment dark, with paler base. Rostrum yellow, with brown apex, more or less protrude behind hind coxae.</p> <p>Pronotum dark brown, sometimes blackish, except yellow collar, rather wide strip on posterior margin and narrower medial strip. The latter often more or less shortened to a small triangular spot in middle of transverse strip. Triangular spots at ends of transverse strip relatively large. Scutellum blackish-brown in basal part, its apex with large longitudinal pale spot. Often scutellum completely pale except its base and lateral margins in basal part. Clavus dark brown to blackish. Corium dirty yellow and light or dark brown in its posterior and interior part. Cuneus light brown, lighter in its interior part and darker in external part; its base with pale stripe extending mediad, extreme apex pale. Membrane fuliginous, with yellow veins. Venter of body brownish-yellow or light brown. Sometimes pleurites are rather dark. Evaporatorium whitish. Legs brownish-yellow.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 34 A, B, E, F). Hypophysis short, with pointed apex. Anterior wall of paramere body with small tubercle just under hypophysis.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 34 C, D, G, H) slightly longer than right one. Hypophysis long, its superior and inferior margins from lateral view convex in distal part, concave before apex; inferior margin concave stronger than superior one. Carina on internal (right) wall of hypophysis relatively high (on posterior view), with several very short setae.</p> <p>Vesica (Figs 5 C; 36 D, I, J). Anterior branch of anterior right lobe rather long, tapering apically; right and inferior bladders rather small and smooth. Superior branch of anterior left lobe curved posteriad; inferior branch very short, conical, directed to left and slightly posteriad. Posterior left lobe with smooth basal tubercle and with sclerotised triangular area on anterior wall. Superior branch of anterior left lobe touches this sclerotised area. Posterior right lobe straight, directed anteriad and slightly downwards. Its right branch rather long, wide, with rounded apex, directed slightly to right. Left branch very short and looks like narrow conical tubercle, directed to left. Superior margin of posterior branch of spicule smoothly curved in apical part from posterior view in wet preparations (Fig. 36 D).</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 38 A, B). Notch on ventral margin of interramal sclerite arcuate, shallow. Small separated longitudinal sclerite usually lies near middle of dorsal margin of interramal sclerite and reaches or almost reaches dorsal margin of posterior wall of gynatrium.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Linnavuori (1977) in his description of D. longirostre mentioned its orangish first antennal segment, orangish or reddish femora and yellow with distinct reddish tinge ventral surface of the body. The specimens of this species studied by me do not have orangish or reddish tinges in the colouration. Perhaps Linnavuori’s specimens partially belong to D. flora that is closest to D. longirostre.</p> <p>Distribution. Sudan, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia. New record for Tanzania.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B615C68FF76FC8F8551D390	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B645C6BFF76FCA18570D0EC.text	963187E62B645C6BFF76FCA18570D0EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichelocentrum flora (Linnavuori & van Harten 2005)	<div><p>2. Dichelocentrum flora (Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 34 I–L; 36 A, E, F, K; 42 C)</p> <p>Polymerus (Polymerus) flora Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005: 89–90.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. “ Yemen Al Kadan 10.2001 van Harten Abdul-Hag”, male* (NMWC).</p> <p>Additional material. Niger, Maradi, Station de Tarna, 9 Sept.1958, A. Wane, on millet head, 1 male *, 7 Sept. 1958, 1 female * (BMNH). Nigeria, NE St. nr. Lankoviri, 24 Aug.1973, Linnavuori, 1 male *, 1 female * (AMNH).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Most readily recognised by reddish colour of femora, two first antennal segments and ventral surface of abdomen. Male recognised by sharply curved superior margin of left branch of spicule (on wet preparations) and T-shaped posterior right lobe with subequal in length right and left branches on inflated vesica. The form of parameres of this species do not occur in any other Dichelocentrum species except for D. longirostre.</p> <p>Redescription. Length 4.10–4.35 in males, 4.75–5.20 in females. Body covered with silvery thickened setae.</p> <p>Head shiny, dorsally black or with dark brown vertex and frons and red-brown clypeus, maxillar and mandibular plates. The latter often with yellow patches. Antennae more or less red. First antennal segment maroon, in extreme base almost black; second segment bordeaux, more dark in apical part; third segment brown, with long yellowish ring at base; fourth segment completely brown. First segment of rostrum reddish; second and third segments dirty-yellow or light brown; fourth segment dark brown (Fig. 42 C).</p> <p>Pronotum dark brown or blackish. Collum dirty yellow. Posterior margin of pronotum with narrow dirtyyellow strip; triangular dilations on its ends small. Such dilation lies in middle of strip. Scutellum blackish or dark brown, with a small or large dirty yellow rhomboidal spot. Clavus dark brown. Anterior angle and external margin of corium widely dirty-yellow, rest part of corium, and narrow strip along its external margin brown. Posterior external corner of corium with small reddish-brown spot. Cuneus red or red-brown, except for dirty-yellow extreme apex and basal stripe extending to internal margin. Membrane with yellow veins. Pleurites dark brown or light brown with dark epimerae. Evaporatorium whitish-yellow. Coxae, trochanters and femora reddish or reddishbrown. Femora usually yellow at base, with small vague yellowish spots in rest part and rarely with several darkbrown dots. Tibiae yellowish, with reddish apices.</p> <p>Ventral surface of abdomen reddish or reddish-brown with vague yellow spots.</p> <p>Right and left parameres as in D. longirostre (Fig. 34 I–L). Carina on internal (right) surface of hypophysis of left paramere with several very short setae.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 36 A, K). Anterior branch of anterior right lobe slightly longer than in D. longirostre. Right and inferior bladders low and smooth. Anterior left lobe without inferior branch. Sclerotised area on posterior left lobe small. The latter with basal tubercle. Apex of posterior right lobe T-shaped. Its both branches rather short, subequal in length. Right branch directed to right and slightly downwards, slightly thicker than left branch. The latter directed to left and slightly upwards. Superior margin of posterior branch of spicule sharply curved in apical part from posterior view in wet preparations (Fig. 36 E, F).</p> <p>Gynatrium. Notch on ventral margin of interramal sclerite rather deep, triangular, as in D. alkadanum (Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005) comb. nov. Small separate longitudinal sclerite near middle of dorsal margin of interramal sclerites as in D. longirostre comb. nov.</p> <p>Distribution. Yemen, new records for Niger and Nigeria. Probably this species is distributed in Africa through tropical savannas, typical for the Sahel and the geographic region Sudan.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B645C6BFF76FCA18570D0EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B675C6AFF76FE6B806BD7CA.text	963187E62B675C6AFF76FE6B806BD7CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichelocentrum ornatifrons (Odhiambo 1959)	<div><p>3. Dichelocentrum ornatifrons (Odhiambo, 1959) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 19 M; 33 B–E; 35 A–H; 36 B, G; 37 A–C; 38 C; 42 D–F)</p> <p>Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) ornatifrons Odhiambo, 1959: 37–40.</p> <p>Polymerus xerophilus Linnavuori, 1975: 47, fig. 30, syn. n.</p> <p>Material examined. Paratypes. “ Uganda Kawanda 5 iii 1958 At light T.R. Odhiambo ” “Pres by Com Inst Ent B M 1959-499” “ Paratype ♂ Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) ornatifrons sp. n. T.R. Odhiambo det.”, 1 male *; “ Uganda Kawanda 5 vi 1958 at light T.R. Odhiambo ” “Pres by Com Inst Ent B M 1959-499” “ Paratype ♂ Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) ornatifrons sp. n. T.R. Odhiambo det.”, 1 male *; “ Uganda Kawanda 13 iii 1957 Under Cofee J.Y. Omiat ” “Pres by Com Inst Ent B M 1959-499” “ Allotype ♀ Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) ornatifrons sp. n. T.R. Odhiambo det.”, 1 female * (BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material. Tanzania, Mlingano, 19 Jan.1964, L. Trap, coll. I.A.D. Robertson, 1 male * (AMNH). “Somalia nr. Hargeissa 25–28.VI.63 Linnavuori”, red lable “ typus ”, 1 female * (AMNH).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by following combination of characters: first antennal segment basally or entirely dark, femora yellowish-brown, with small or large dark brown spots, cuneus often red, veins on membrane often with red patches. These characters except the last one are peculiar also to some specimens of D. transvaalicum sp. nov., but it often has a few dark spots on pronotum, separated by pale spaces or at least medial pale strip, varying from full to very short. Males of D. ornatifrons recognised by relatively long and rather wide hypophysis of right paramere and absence of tubercle under it; relatively short hypophysis of left paramere with straight inferior margin and low carina on internal (right) wall; T-shaped posterior right lobe with long right branch and short left one on inflated vesica. D. transvaalicum has similar parameres but inferior margin of its left paramere hypophysis distinctly convex.</p> <p>Redescription. Length 3.95–4.15 in males and 4.35–4.75 in females. Body covered with goldish or silvery thickened setae (Fig. 42 D–F).</p> <p>Dorsal surfaces of head and pronotum dark brown to black. Mandibular plate and gula at least partially light brown, rarely brownish-yellow. At least ring at base of first antennal segment, or it in most part, or entirely dark brown or blackish; if first segment partly dark coloured then its rest part light brown (Fig. 33 B–E). Second antennal segment dark brown, except pale base or long ring before middle of length or pale entirely except apex and extreme base. Other antennal segments dark brown, third segment rarely pale at base. Rostrum brown yellow, with dark apex and sometimes first segment, slightly protrudes beyond hind coxae.</p> <p>Collar yellow (male paratype, male from Tanzania and female from Somalia) or black (male and female paratypes). Pale band on posterior margin of pronotum moderately or very thin, often without extensions at ends, sometimes interrupted in middle. Scutellum dark brown or blackish, its apex yellowish. Internal, posterior part of corium, strip along its external margin and small spot in its apical external corner darker then rest part of corium, or it almost entirely dark brown except narrow strip along external margin, anterior corner and small strip along apical margin. Examined male paratype with almost uniformly yellowish brown corium. Cuneus dark red, except for yellowish extreme apex and narrow strip in external part of base. External part of cuneus appreciably darker then inner one. Sometimes cuneus brown (examined specimen from Tanzania). Thorax ventrally brown-yellow with light brown spots to dark brown. Evaporatorium whitish-yellow. Legs often entirely brown-yellow, femora with small brown spots or coxae and femora partially or completely brown. Tibia rarely with dark extreme base. Veins of membrane yellow, often with reddish patches.</p> <p>Venter of abdomen dull yellow or light brown.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 35 A, B, E, F). Hypophysis appreciably longer and wider from lateral view than in two previous species, with widely rounded apex. Anterior wall of paramere body without tubercle under base of hypophysis.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 35 C, D, G, H) as long as right one. Hypophysis appreciably shorter than in previous species, with convex superior margin, straight before extreme apex, and with inferior margin straight on all length. Carina on internal (right) surface of hypophysis low (on posterior view), with dense, rather long setae.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 36 B; 37 A–C). Anterior branch of anterior right lobe short, swollen anteriorly and widely rounded; right bladder absent, inferior one more convex than in previous two species. Inferior branch of anterior left lobe shorter than in D. longirostre, directed posteriad. Posterior left lobe without basal tubercle, with sclerotised triangular area on anterior wall. Apex of posterior right lobe T-shaped. Its right branch very long, directed to right, slightly curved posteriad and upwards. Left branch short, conical, directed to left and slightly downwards, its apex touches wall of vesica. Superior margin of posterior branch of spicule smoothly curved in apical part from posterior view in wet preparations (Fig. 36 H).</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 38 C). Notch on ventral margin of interramal sclerites of paratype deep, trapezoidal. In specimen from Somalia (described as Polymerus xerophilus) it rather shallow, arcuate. Areas of interramal sclerite on each side of medial process weakly sclerotised. Small longitudinal sclerite located near middle of dorsal margin of interramal sclerites merged with it, extended dorsally as tapering sclerotised band and reaching dorsal margin of gynatrial posterior wall.</p> <p>Distribution. Uganda, new records for Tanzania and Somalia.</p> <p>Taxonomic notes. Type series of Polymerus xerophilus Linnavuori, 1975 originally consisted of two females and a male. Later Linnavuori (1977) excluded the male belonging to D. longiristre from the type series and refined diagnosis of P. xerophilus. According to him this species as opposed to D. longiristre "is darker (cuneus brown, under surface and legs without red pigment, hind femora with abundant fuscous mottling), has much smaller eyes (ocular index 2.0–2.17) and only faintly marginate vertex, the body is shorter and broader and the legs are shorter and thicker (hind tibia only 1.4x as long as basal width of pronotum) ". According Linnavuori’s key P. xerophilus differs from D. ornatifrons by greater body size (4.0–4.2 vs. 3.7–4.1), pale first antennal segment (vs. brown to black), cuneus not distinctly red (vs. largely red or dark red), pale membranal veins (vs. veins red) and ocular index (2.0–2.17 vs.1.75 in female). I have studied the holotype of P. xerophilus, female (the paratype of this species is absent in the collection of R. Linnavuori, in NMWC and AMNH, which store most of his material) and found no significant characters distinguishing P. xerophilus from D. ornatifrons. Actually the female (paratype) of the latter species is greater than the holotype of P. xerophilus. A size and form of dark spot on the first antennal segment varies in all specimens of D. ornatifrons studied by me. The first antennal segment of P. xerophilus has dark base and the external wall in its basal half that lies in the limits of variability of D. ornatifrons (Fig. 33 B–E). Colouration of cuneus in the holotype of P. xerophilus is virtually indistinguishable from that of the two paratypes of D. ornatifrons (Fig. 42 D–F). A size of red patches on the membrane veins in the studied paratypes varies greatly from large in the males to very small in the female. A specimen from Tanzania is not different from the paratypes of D. ornatifrons in the structure of the terminalia and has membranal veins without red patches as well as the type of P. xerophilus. Ocular index (synthlipsis / width of eye) in the female types of D. ornatifrons and P. xerophilus is 1.83 and 2.00 respectively. A size of eyes in mirids correlates with a length of the hemelytra as it is generally known. This regularity can be seen also in this case: the membrane of D. ornatifrons is 5.59 times as long as body and is 6.21 times as long as body in P. xerophilus. By these reasons I consider the last name as a junior synonym of D. ornatifrons.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B675C6AFF76FE6B806BD7CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B665C75FF76F94C8250D6DF.text	963187E62B665C75FF76F94C8250D6DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichelocentrum transvaalicum Gapon 2014	<div><p>4. Dichelocentrum transvaalicum sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 33 G, H; 35 I–L; 37 D, E; 39 A–C; 42 G, H)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. Republic of South Africa, Transvaal, Kruger National Park, Satara Camp., UV light, 28.IV.1968, M. Sweet, J.&amp;S. Slater, T. Schuh, male (AMNH).</p> <p>Paratypes. Republic of South Africa, N. Transvaal, Messina, 8.XII.1974, J.G. &amp; B.L. Rozen, 1 female; 30.XII–2.I.1957, A.L. Carpenter, 1 male *, 12 females * (AMNH, ZISP); Botswana, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.733334/lat -22.416666)">Serowe</a> 22°25'S, 26°44'E, XII. 1986, P. Forschammer, 6 males *, 3 females * (BMNH, ZISP).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by following combination of characters: first antennal segment pale with dark base and often with basal part of ventral surface; pronotum often with several large dark spots merging in dark specimens, but they retain pale medial strip at least in posterior part; femora brownish yellow with dark spots. Males have parameres similar to those of D. ornatifrons but differ in convex inferior margin of left paramere hypophysis. Also males recognised by V-shaped posterior right lobe and long inferior branch of anterior left lobe on inflated vesica.</p> <p>Description. Length 3.40–5.00 in males and 4.50–5.70 in females. Yellowish or brownish yellow colour of body predominates, but darker specimens frequent. Body covered with silvery thickened setae (Fig. 42 G, H).</p> <p>Head pale, usually with several transverse dark brown spots on sides of frons, clypeus and along posterior margin of head, including transverse carina. Less often head entire pale or with light or dark brown frons and clypeus. Spots along inner margins of eyes light yellow, always paler than background. First, second and base of third antennal segments brownish-yellow. First antennal segment dark at base and often on ventral side, second segment with dark apex and rarely extreme base, distal part of third and entirely fourth segments brown. Rostrum light brown, with dark apex and rarely first segment, slightly protruding beyond posterior margins of hind coxae.</p> <p>Pronotum mostly pale with dark brown or blackish large spots on lateral angles and two longitudinal spots, moderately or very wide, reaching calli, but not reaching posterior margin of pronotum. Two small dark spots, separate or merging with longitudinal spots lie on each sides of calli. Anterior margins of pronotum also with small dark spots. In dark specimens all pronotum dark brown or blackish, with narrow brown-yellow stripe on posterior margin. Ends of this strip not reaching lateral angles of pronotum, triangularly extended. Posterior part of pronotum in dark specimens with short pale medial strip. Collar always yellowish. Scutellum light brown, with narrow dark base and light yellow, varying in size spot at apex. Often scutellum entirely pale and only prescutum rather dark. Clavus with wide black stripe on external margin, not reaching its basal and apical ends. In pale specimens rest part of clavus yellow-brown, sometimes dark brown or blackish except brown anterior and posterior angles. Corium yellowish or yellowish-brown, with more or less large light or dark brown spots along internal margin, widening posteriorly, and with narrow dark stripe along external margin, isolated or merging with a dark spot in its posterior part. Cuneus reddish-brown or brown, paler in internal part and darker in external part, with yellowish extreme apex and stripe at base expanding mediad. Pleurites yellowish-brown, brown or dark brown. Evaporatorium whitish-yellow. Legs in pale specimens brownish-yellow, femora covered with small dark brown spots. Tibiae with dark extreme base and apex, last tarsal segment dark brown. In dark specimens coxae, trochanters and femora dark brown, with irregular vague yellowish spots, tibia often light brown.</p> <p>Venter of abdomen in pale specimens brownish-yellow; in dark specimens—dark brown along lateral margins and in middle, yellowish-brown in rest part.</p> <p>Right paramere (Fig. 35 I, J) as in D. ornatifrons.</p> <p>Left paramere (Fig. 35 K, L). Hypophysis of same length and width as in D. ornatifrons. Superior margin of hypophysis strongly convex and not concave before apex; inferior margin convex in middle and concave before apex. Carina on internal (right) surface of hypophysis low, with row of setae.</p> <p>Vesica (Fig. 37 D, E). Anterior branch of anterior right lobe short, strongly swollen and widely rounded; right and inferior bladders broad, rather strongly convex. Inferior branch of anterior left lobe long, directed downwards and anteriad. Posterior left lobe without sclerotised area on anterior wall and basal tubercle. Posterior right lobe Vshaped. Its branches rather long and subequal in length. Right branch slightly thicker then left one, directed to right and slightly downwards. Left branch directed to left and slightly upwards. Superior margin of posterior branch of spicule smoothly curved in apical part from posterior view in dry preparations.</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 39 A–C). Notch on ventral margin of interramal sclerites deep, trapezoidal, in specimen from Messina notch arcuate and shallow. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite extended dorsally as rather broad sclerotised area reaching dorsal margin of gynatrial posterior wall.</p> <p>Distribution. Botswana, Republic of South Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B665C75FF76F94C8250D6DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
963187E62B7D5C71FF76FF0180EBD2AA.text	963187E62B7D5C71FF76FF0180EBD2AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichelocentrum alkadanum (Linnavuori & van Harten 2005)	<div><p>5. Dichelocentrum alkadanum (Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 35 M–O; 36 C, H; 39 D; 42 I)</p> <p>Polymerus (Polymerus) alkadanus Linnavuori &amp; van Harten, 2005: 87–89, figs 2,3.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype. Yemen, Al Kadan, Oct. 2001, van Harten, Abdul-Hag, female (NMWC).</p> <p>Paratypes: the same data as above, 2 females *; Yemen, Sana´a, Suq Bani Mansour, 14 Nov.–28. Dec. 2001, 1 female (NMWC). A single male from the type series is lost: it is absent in the collection of R. Linnavuori, in AMNH and NMWC.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Recognised by the dark colouration and large size of the body (Fig. 42 I). This species can be confused with dark specimens of D. ornatifrons in colouration, but differs from the latter species by dark brown cuneus and absence of reddish spots on membranal veins and also by shape of parameres and smaller ratio of length of second antennal segment to width of pronotum (1.21–1.26 vs. 1.45 in D. ornatifrons).</p> <p>Right and left parameres are figured in the paper of Linnavuori &amp; van Harten (2005). Hypophysis of right paramere is similar to those of D. longirostre and D. flora, from latero-posterior view looks almost rectangular and wider than in the latter two species (Fig. 35 M, N). Hypophysis of left paramere in the picture is rather short, with evenly convex superior margin, not concave before apex and with inferior margin as in D. transvaalicum sp. nov.; extreme apex of hypophysis is figured as rather wide (Fig. 35 O).</p> <p>Vesica. Superior margin of posterior branch of spicule on figures of Linnavuori &amp; van Harten (2005) looks rather smoothly curved in apical part (Fig. 36 C, G).</p> <p>Gynatrium (Fig. 39 D). Notch on ventral margin of interramal sclerites moderately deep, triangular. Dorsal margin of interramal sclerite smoothly concave, without medial prominence. Separate sclerite near dorsal margin of interramal sclerites absent.</p> <p>Distribution. Yemen.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/963187E62B7D5C71FF76FF0180EBD2AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gapon, D. A.	Gapon, D. A. (2014): Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov. Zootaxa 3787 (1): 1-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3787.1
