identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C65487809D32FFC2E3EFF90AF451F82B.text	C65487809D32FFC2E3EFF90AF451F82B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asbestopluma Topsent 1901	<div><p>Genus Asbestopluma Topsent, 1901: 23</p> <p>Type species. Cladorhiza pennatula Schmidt, 1875 (by subsequent designation).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae with palmate and/or arcuate (an)isochelae and, in some cases, the latter in combination with tridentate anchorate anisochelae (Lopes &amp; Hajdu, 2013).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D32FFC2E3EFF90AF451F82B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
C65487809D32FFC2E3EFFA92F7FBF9D5.text	C65487809D32FFC2E3EFFA92F7FBF9D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladorhizidae Dendy 1922	<div><p>Family Cladorhizidae Dendy, 1922</p> <p>Diagnosis. Sponges, typically small, symmetrical, usually from deep water, with diagonal, radiating supporting processes and basal root adaptations for those living in soft sediments. Axial skeleton composed of monactinal or diactinal megascleres, from which radiating extra-axial tracts diverge to lateral processes. Microscleres include (an)isochelae, sigmas, forceps or micro(subtylo)styles (microspined, spear-shaped in a few cases). Considerable reduction to complete loss of the choanocytes being associated with an adaptation to carnivory (Hajdu &amp; Vacelet, 2002).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D32FFC2E3EFFA92F7FBF9D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
C65487809D35FFC9E3EFFF5BF7F1FD80.text	C65487809D35FFC9E3EFFF5BF7F1FD80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asbestopluma monticola Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014	<div><p>Asbestopluma monticola sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 2 &amp; 3</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 192095; MBARI 941 -A1; January 27, 2006, Davidson Seamount off central California, USA; latitude: 35.722787, longitude: -122.722553, depth: 1280 m. The holotype was recovered from the summit of Davidson Seamount using the MBARI’s ROV Tiburon.</p> <p>Paratype: CASIZ 194901; MBARI V3745 - A1, Monterey Canyon, November 14, 2013; latitude: 36.72559, longitude: -122.01423, depth: 1323.28 m. The paratype was recovered from steep rock outcrop of the Monterey Canyon.</p> <p>Type locality. Holotype: Davidson Seamount, California, USA. Paratype: Monterey Canyon, USA.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name (Latin mont = mountain + - cola = dweller), mountain dweller, is descriptive of the type locality, where dense stands of this beautiful sponge thrive.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Branching Cladorhizidae with three size classes of megasclere styles and three microsclere types of a single size class including acanthose tylostyles, sigmas, and palmate anisochelae.</p> <p>Description. Holotype: an arborescent, dichotomously-branching sponge with bottle-brush arrangement of filaments 19.37 cm tall and 13 cm wide, but was likely wider as several branches were broken off before measuring (Fig. 2A–E). Filaments are 1–9 mm in length (Fig. 4A). At the base, the stalk is 7 mm wide and branches all taper to approximately 1 mm width distally. Attached to hard substrate via conic holdfast disk, 1.3 cm in width. Sponge is white in situ and in preserved state. Paratype: matching description above for holotype, 28 cm tall, 9 mm wide at conical base, 6 mm stalk width, and 2 mm branch tip width, tapering distally.</p> <p>Spicules. Large styles 1 (Fig. 3A, Table 1), fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, in axes of branches and stem: L 751 ± 46 µm (n=53), W 25.5 ± 1.4 µm (n=53). Large styles 2 (Fig. 3B), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, in filaments and their inserts in branch axes: L 687± 69 µm (n=103), W 17.5 ± 2.8 µm (n=66). Large styles 3 (Fig. 3C), fusiform, thick, strongly bent, mainly in basal cone: L 462.1± 79.7 µm (n=85), W 39.97 ± 7.7 µm (n=67). Microacanthotylostrongyle (Fig. 3D) thin, rough, mostly curved, occurs in basal cone and sparsely throughout branch axes: L 98.1 ± 10.7 µm (n=50), W 1.7 ± 0.4 µm (n=50). Sigma (Fig. 3E) robust, contort, without profile discontinuity near ends (not clearly sigmancistroid), occurs throughout specimen: L 22.9 ± 1.5 µm (n=50). Palmate anisochelae (Fig. 3F) foot with frontal tooth bearing two broad lateral flukes and distal medial spine extending toward spicule center, lateral wings short and never meet the frontal tooth; without spurs; occurs throughout the specimen: L 11.8 ± 0.5 µm (n=50).</p> <p>Habitat and associated fauna. Asbestopluma monticola was first observed while conducting ROV dives at Davidson Seamount off central California in 2002. A single specimen was collected in 2006 while surveying Davidson Seamount once more. A dense population of A. monticola was observed there and they were noted as living attached to both the seafloor and, also, dead hexactinellid sponges. Since 2006, hundreds of additional observations of this species have been made. They are abundant in Monterey Canyon off northern California and central Oregon, a range of ~ 1000 km. They co-occur with numerous species of sponges (Staurocalyptus sp., Farrea sp., Chonelasma sp.), corals (Anthomastus ritteri Verrill, Paragorgia arborea Linnaeus, Keratosis sp., Corallium sp., Clavularia sp.), crustaceans (lithodid crabs, pandalid shrimps, amphipod), echinoderms (comatulid crinoids, Gorgonocephalus sp. ophiuroids, Hippasteria sp. asteroids), and vertebrates (Careproctus sp., egg case of Rajiformes, and Psychrolutes phrictus Stein &amp; Bond). Small crustaceans like the pandalid shrimp were observed to be actively climbing upon and around the branches of A. monticola. The average depth of observation was 1236 m (±211; n=428). Oxygen concentration is low (0.85 ±0.3 ml/L; n=428) and temperature averages 3.18 °C (±0.54; n=428). Small crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on A. monticola (Fig. 4A–D).</p> <p>Remarks. Among the 42 known species of Asbestopluma, eight species branch. These are compared with A. monticola below. Asbestopluma monticola differs from A. formosa (Vacelet 2006), in that it lacks the characteristic embryo-containing branching enlargements, they differ in branching patterns— A. formosa has fan shapedbranches that divide dichotomously three or four times in a single plane with long, thin, and parallel terminal branches, and A. monticola also lacks microstrongyles. Asbestopluma monticola resembles A. desmophora (Kelly and Vacelet, 2011), however, it lacks desmas and sigmancistras and has bent fusiform styles in its basal cone. Asbestopluma monticola differs from A. bitrichela (Lopes et al., 2011) in a lack of desmas and anchorate/ unguiforate anisochelae. This new species differs from A. delicata (Lopes et al., 2011) in the absence of microstrongyles and palmate isochelae. Asbestopluma monticola d iffers from A. magnifica (Lopes et al., 2011) in being much smaller (~50% less) in total length, in having a single size class of anisochelae, and having a microtylostrongyle. When compared to A. furcata (Lundbeck, 1905), A. monticola has larger megascleres and only one size class of anisochelae (A. furcata has two size classes of anisochelae). Asbestopluma monticola is very similar to A. ramosa Koltun, however, A. ramosa has a flabelliform branching pattern, with vertical branches emanating from a single point and much thicker branches averaging 1.2 cm. Asbestopluma ramosa has larger spicules, especially when comparing anisochelae (Koltun, 1959; Stone et al., 2011). Asbestopluma ramosa also does not appear to have the robust, bent fusiform styles of A. monticola. Asbestopluma monticola superficially resembles A. rickettsi (described below), however, A. monticola differs in having only one size class of anisochelae. In situ, A. rickettsi is more transparent and much more delicate looking than A. monticola. A comparison of spicule data for all known Asbestopluma species through 2011 is published in Lopes et al. (2011).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D35FFC9E3EFFF5BF7F1FD80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
C65487809D39FFCAE3EFFDBBF577FC03.text	C65487809D39FFCAE3EFFDBBF577FC03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asbestopluma rickettsi Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014	<div><p>Asbestopluma rickettsi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 5 &amp; 6</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 192771; MBARI specimen D472-A13b; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts May 19, 2013, northwest of La Jolla, California, USA; latitude: 32.90433, longitude: -117.78224, depth 1020 m. Paratype: CASIZ 192772; MBARI specimen D472-A13a; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts May 19, 2013, northwest of La Jolla, California, USA; latitude: 32.90433, longitude: -117.78224, depth 1020 m.</p> <p>Type locality. Northwest of La Jolla, California, USA.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of Edward F. Ricketts, marine biologist and ecologist made popular as ‘Doc Ricketts’ in John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row. He is best known as co-author of Between Pacific Tides, a pioneering book on intertidal ecology. Coincidentally, the type specimens were collected by MBARI’s ROV Doc Ricketts.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Branching Cladorhizidae with three size classes of megascleres and three microscleres including an acanthose tylostyle, and sigma of one size class, and palmate anisochelae of two size classes.</p> <p>Description. An arborescent, dichotomously-branching sponge with bottle-brush arrangement of filaments (Fig. 5A–C). Holotype: Sponge is 21.78 cm tall and 12.38 cm wide (Fig. 5D). At the base, the stalk is 4.5 mm wide and branches all taper to approximately 1 mm in width distally. Filaments are 0.9–1.2 mm in length (Fig. 5E–F). Attached to hard substrate via conic holdfast disk, 1.26 cm in width. Paratype: Filaments are 1.5 – 5 mm in length. Sponge is 21.78 cm tall and 12.38 cm wide (Fig. 5G). At the base, the stalk is 3.4 mm wide and branches all taper to approximately 1 mm width distally. Sponge is white in situ and in preserved state.</p> <p>Spicules. Large styles 1 (Fig. 6A, Table 1) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, in axes of branches and stem: L 956 ± 50 µm (n=50), W 19.8 ± 1.8 µm (n=50). Large styles 2 (Fig. 6B), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, in filaments and their inserts in branch axes: L 642.6 ± 62.6 µm (n=50), W 14.0 ± 2.5 µm (n=66). Large styles to anisostrongyles 3 (Fig. 6C), fusiform, thick, strongly bent, mainly in basal cone: L 555 ± 53 µm (n=50), W 26.6 ± 6.4 µm (n=50). Microacanthotylostrongyle (Fig. 6D) thin, rough, mostly curved, occurs in basal cone and sparsely throughout branch axes: L 102.6 ± 9.8 µm (n=50), W 1.5 ± 0.4 µm (n=50). Sigma (Fig. 6E) without profile discontinuity near ends (not clearly sigmancistroid), rare throughout specimen: L 17.06 ± 1.3 µm (n=50). Anisochelae 1 (Fig 6F) robust, palmate with wide lateral wings and narrow tooth slightly wider than shaft: L 53.5 ± 5.3 µm (n=50), occurs rarely throughout. Anisochelae 2 (Fig. 6G) palmate head, foot with frontal tooth bearing two broad lateral flukes, lateral wings short and never meet the frontal tooth; narrow lower foot shaft looks like a short blunt spur but true spur is lacking; occurs abundantly throughout the specimen: L 9.3 ± 0.7 µm (n=50).</p> <p>Habitat and associated fauna. Asbestopluma rickettsi was observed and collected while surveying a chemosynthetic community in a low-oxygen basin off southern California, northwest of La Jolla. Twenty-one individuals were observed in an area of active fluid flow. The substrate was composed of outcrops of authigenic carbonate with a thin sediment veneer. Other organisms observed include vesicomyid clams, siboglinid tube worms, and mats of flocculent bacteria. Average depth of observation was 1031 m (±48.5; n=21), oxygen concentration was low at 0.33 ml/L (±0.001; n=21), and temperature averaged 3.93 °C (±0.02; n=21). No evidence of crustacean prey capture was observed in A. rickettsi. This specimen was collected in an area with an active chemosynthetic community and was found to be utilizing methane-oxidizing bacteria as a food source (V. Orphan, California Institute of Technology, pers. comm.). It remains to be seen whether these bacteria are true symbionts, as has been demonstrated in one other species of Cladorhizidae.</p> <p>Remarks. Asbestopluma rickettsi differs from A. formosa (Vacelet, 2006), in that it lacks the characteristic embryo-containing branching enlargements, it does not have fan shaped branches divided dichotomously three or four times in a single plane with terminal branches being long, thin, and parallel, and it does not have microstrongyles. It differs from A. desmophora (Kelly and Vacelet, 2011) as it lacks both desmas and sigmancistras. This new species differs from A. bitrichela (Lopes et al., 2011) in a lack of desmas and anchorate/ unguiferate anisochelae. Asbestopluma rickettsi differs from A. delicata (Lopes et al., 2011) in absence of microstrongyles and palmate isochelae. It differs from A. magnifica (Lopes et al., 2011) considerably in size (A. magnifica is ~50% longer), in size classes of megascleres (A. rickettsi has larger styles), a larger anisochelae 1 size (~ 34 µm vs. 52 µm) and presence of large alae of large anisochelae. Asbestopluma rickettsi differs from A. furcata (Lundbeck, 1905) in having larger megasclere style sizes. A comparison of spicule data for all known Asbestopluma species through 2011 is published in Lopes et al., (2011). A. rickettsi differs from A. monticola in that it has two size classes of anisochelae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D39FFCAE3EFFDBBF577FC03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
C65487809D3AFFCAE3EFFBF8F3A5FB70.text	C65487809D3AFFCAE3EFFBF8F3A5FB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladorhiza Sars 1872	<div><p>Cladorhiza Sars, 1872</p> <p>Type species. Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae with only anchorate unguiferate anisochelae (Lopes &amp; Hajdu, 2013).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D3AFFCAE3EFFBF8F3A5FB70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
C65487809D3AFFCEE3EFFAE5F692FC56.text	C65487809D3AFFCEE3EFFAE5F692FC56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladorhiza caillieti Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014	<div><p>Cladorhiza caillieti sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 7–9</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 194449; MBARI specimen D266-A1d; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m. Paratypes: MBARI specimen D266-A1a (CASIZ 192776),b (CASIZ 192777),c (CASIZ 192778); collected by ROV Doc Ricketts August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m.</p> <p>Type locality. Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of Gregor M. Cailliet, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for his contributions to ichthyology and deep-sea biology and for providing mentorship and inspiration to graduates of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, including the first author.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae unbranched, with bottle-brush filament arrangement, two size classes of fusiform megasleres, four microsclere types including flat sigmas in two size classes, a third, thin, contort sigma, a sigmancistra, and two size classes of unguiferate anisochelae.</p> <p>Description. A stipitate sponge with bottle-brush filament arrangement (Fig. 7A–C). One collected specimen with partial rhizoid (Fig. 7D); three others broken but assumed to have had rhizoid as well. Holotype: 7 cm long, 2.1 mm wide, filaments up to 1.72 cm long (Fig. 7C left &amp; D). Paratypes (a) 9.13 cm long, 2.6 mm wide at base, (b) 8.7 cm long, 2.3 mm wide at base; specimen, (c) 5.4 cm long (appears broken), 3.6 mm wide at base. Long, fragile filaments, up to 1.72 cm long, which break off easily. White in situ and in preserved state.</p> <p>Spicules. Large styles 1 (Figs. 8A, Table 1) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded common in axis and filament: L 1371.58 ± 104.91 µm (n=155), W 34.38 ± 6.92 µm (n=155). Large style 2 (Fig. 8B) fusiform, straight more abundant in filament and rhizoid: L 807.22 ± 174.02 µm (n=237), W 18.04 ± 5.62. Large style 3 (Fig. 8C) non-fusiform, straight common throughout but more abundant in filaments and rhizoid: L 381.9 ± 87.04 µm, W 10.74 ± 2.14 µm (n=103). Sigma 1 (Fig. 8D) robust, “flat back”, common in filaments, rare in axis: L 160.1 ± 11.87 (n=105). Sigma 2 (Fig. 8E) flat, small abundant in filaments but rare in axis: L 95.58 ± 18.55 µm (n=89). Sigma 3: (Fig. 9A) thin, contort common in axis, filaments, and rhizoid: L 96.17 ± 16.61 (n=60). Sigmancistras (Fig. 9B) small, contort abundant in filaments and axis: L 44.05 ± 2.28 µm (n=150). Multidentate unguiferate anisochelae typically five teeth on head, 3–4 teeth on foot, abundant on filaments and axis. Anisochelae in two size classes: anisochelae 1 (Fig. 9C): L 33.98 ± 2.24 (n=150); anisochelae 2 (Fig. 9D): L 18.88 ± 1.67 (n=150).</p> <p>Habitat and associated fauna. Cladorhiza caillieti was observed and collected on the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge where lava flows had very little sediment cover, if at all. They were often observed in a downward facing position, hanging from the underside of overhanging ledges of basalt (Fig. 7A–B). Other organisms observed in this community included Primnoidae and Swiftia sp. of Gorgonacea, Anthomastus sp. of Alcyonacea, serpulid polychaete worms, comatulid crinoids, and numerous unidentified species of sponges. Average depth of observation was 2149 m (±172; n=5), oxygen concentration was 1.46 ml/L (±0.11; n=5), and temperature averaged 1.87 °C (±0.05; n=5). Numerous crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on C. caillieti (Fig. 4E).</p> <p>Remarks. Thirty-six other species of Cladorhiza are currently recognized (Lopes and Hajdu, 2013; van Soest et al., 2013) from sublittoral (110 m) to hadal (7295 m) depths. Cladorhiza caillieti differs from all other Cladorhiza in several ways including having different shape and two size classes of anisochelae, three different sigmas (including large flat-backed sigmas, smaller smooth sigmas, and even smaller thin, contort sigmas), and one size of sigmancistra. Cladorhiza caillieti differs from C. evae sp. nov. (described below) in spicule size classes and types. Cladorhiza caillieti has two size classes of anisochelae, the presence of a small, contort sigma, and nonfusiform small styles.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D3AFFCEE3EFFAE5F692FC56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
C65487809D3EFFD2E3EFFBFBF6F1FD56.text	C65487809D3EFFD2E3EFFBFBF6F1FD56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladorhiza evae Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014	<div><p>Cladorhiza evae sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 10–12</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 192773; MBARI sample D399-A4a; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts April 28, 2012, in the newly found Alarcon Rise hydrothermal vent field, east of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico; latitude: 23.37753, longitude: -108.53125, depth: 2299 m. Paratypes: MBARI sample D399-A4b (CASIZ 192774) and c (CASIZ 192775); collected by ROV Doc Ricketts April 28, 2012, in the newly found Alarcon Rise hydrothermal vent field, east of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico; latitude: 23.37753, longitude: -108.53125 bottle-brush filament arrangement, depth: 2299 m.</p> <p>Type locality. Alarcon Rise hydrothermal vent field, east of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of Eve Lundsten, beautiful wife of the first author whose commitment and support have endured through the years. Eve’s love for the Gulf of California also inspired this naming as the type specimen was collected in the deep sea, east Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur, Mexico, near where we honeymooned in 2006.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae unbranched, with three size classes of megaslere styles and four microsclere categories including sigmas of two size classes, contort sigmancistra, and unguiferate anisochelae.</p> <p>Description. A stipitate sponge with filaments arranged in four or five discreet longitudinal rows, with valleys or depressions between rows (Fig. 10A–E). All three specimens with partial rhizoids (Fig. 10D); filaments long and fragile on specimens a (holotype) and b (paratype), shorter on the smaller and, presumably, younger, c (paratype). Holotype: 18.7 cm long, 3.2 mm wide at base, filaments up to 1.97 cm long. Paratypes: (b) 17.9 cm long, 3.4 mm wide at base, filaments up to 1.8 cm long, (c) 13.7 cm long, 1.7 mm wide at base, filaments up to 5.4 mm long. White in situ and in preserved state.</p> <p>Spicules. Large styles 1 (Fig. 11A, Table 1) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, found throughout: L 2243 ± 460 µm (n=13). Large style 2 (Fig. 11B) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, found throughout: L 1224.36 ± 432.3 µm (n=263), W 26.13 ± 11.07 µm (n=50). Large style 3 (Fig. 11C) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, found throughout, however, smaller styles more abundant in filaments: L 825 ± 132.7 µm (n=21). Sigma 1 (Fig. 11D) robust, not contort, nor sigmancistroid; abundant in filament and axis: L 170.35 ± 9.7 µm (n=170). Sigma 2 (Fig. 11E) most 15° contort, some 90° contort, few flat, abundant in filament and axis: L 72.08 ± 11.76 µm (n=111): Sigmancistras (Fig. 12A) 90° contort, abundant in filament and axis: L 42.3 ± 2.3 µm (n=50). Multidentate unguiferate anisochelae (Fig. 12B) five teeth on head and three on foot, abundant in filaments and axis: L 22.6 ± 1.6 µm (n=50).</p> <p>Habitat and associated fauna. Cladorhiza evae was collected from an inactive hydrothermal chimney that was covered in hydrothermally altered sediment. Galatheid and bythograeid crabs were observed in close proximity to C. evae on this inactive chimney. Nearby active chimneys had much richer communities of organisms with dense populations of siboglinid worms, galatheid and bythograeid crabs, and Thermarces sp., a zoarcid fish. Average depth of observation was 2373 m (±154; n=8), oxygen concentration was 1.54 ml/L (±0.27; n=8), and temperature averaged 2.02 °C (±0.23; n=8). Numerous crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on C. evae (Fig. 4F–G).</p> <p>Remarks. Of the thirty-six other species of Cladorhiza currently recognized (Lopes and Hajdu, 2013; van Soest et al., 2013), C. evae differs from even the most similar in spicule size classes and suites. For example, C. evae differs from C. rectangularis (Ridley and Dendy, 1887) in having greater style width, larger sigmas of two size classes, and the presence of a sigmancistra. Cladorhiza linearis (Ridley and Dendy, 1887) differs from C. evae in having larger styles (to 3000 µm), small, non-contort sigmas of one size class, and larger anisochelae. Cladorhiza septemdentalis (Koltun, 1972) has smaller styles, larger anisochelae, and smaller sigmancistras than C. evae. Similarly, C. thompsoni (Topsent, 1909) has smaller styles, larger anisochelae, and no sigmancistras. Cladorhiza segonzaci (Vacelet, 2006) has smaller styles, sigmas, and sigmancistras. Cladorhiza evae differs from C. caillieti in the presence of a large (~ 2500 µm) size class of megascleres, a single size class of anisochelae, and no small, thin, contort sigmas.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C65487809D3EFFD2E3EFFBFBF6F1FD56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lundsten, Lonny;Reiswig, Henry M.;Austin, William C.	Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M., Austin, William C. (2014): Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 3786 (2): 101-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
