identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03ACC40DFFB70331FF410929FAA8FAD9.text	03ACC40DFFB70331FF410929FAA8FAD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carohamilia Dyar 1940	<div><p>Genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940</p> <p>Carohamilia Dyar, 1940: 1269. Type species (by original designation): Lentagena ophelia Schaus, 1921.</p> <p>Description. Antenna grey-beige, bipectinate from base to halfway along length, distal half filiform. Length of fore wing 13–22 mm. Low-contrast wavy pattern on forewings is typical. Expressed portion of reticulated black pattern on border of R4, R5 with RM-cell. Black trapezoidal spot at base of fore wing. Hind wings lighter than fore wings, wavy pattern less expressed.</p> <p>Male genitalia. Uncus triangle, slightly elongated apically; gnathos arms ribbon-like, thin; gnathos reduced; valve apically rounded, costal edge relatively smooth; juxta with two leaf-like lateral processes directed dorsally; saccus robust, elongated, tapered, apically rounded; phallus thin, longer than valve, slightly thickened basally, vesica with thin belt-shaped cornutus.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Externally, the genus is most similar to Psychonoctua Grote, 1865 (Figs. 10, 16), but differs by the thin, long phallus and the long tapered saccus.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Texas), Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACC40DFFB70331FF410929FAA8FAD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Naydenov, Artem E.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Penco, Fernando C.	Naydenov, Artem E., Yakovlev, Roman V., Penco, Fernando C. (2021): Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae). Zootaxa 4985 (4): 557-563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.8
03ACC40DFFB70332FF410F82FD56FE63.text	03ACC40DFFB70332FF410F82FD56FE63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carohamilia masoni (Schaus 1894) Naydenov & Yakovlev & Penco 2021	<div><p>Carohamilia masoni (Schaus, 1894) comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 1−2, 11, 17</p> <p>Zeuzera masoni Schaus, 1894: 235</p> <p>Xyleutes masoni Dyar 1940: 1266, pl. 167e</p> <p>Psychonoctua masoni Blanchard &amp; Knudson 1985: 426−431.</p> <p>Aramos masoni Schoorl 1990: 125−126</p> <p>Material examined: Type material. Lectotype ♂: Mexico: Jalapa, Collection Wm. Schaus, Type No. 12569, U.S.N.M. Genitalia Slide By RWH USNM 12090, USNMENT 01198 175 (USNM) (Fig. 1). — Further material. USA: 1 ♂, Texas, Cameron Co. [RSP:1] N 25.99641° W 97.56871°, Resaca de la Palma St. Pk. subtropical resaca woodland 10 May 2008; MV Sheet 1 H. L. Kons Jr. &amp; R. J. Borth. (MWM), (GenPrMWM: 28.629), (Figs. 2, 11); 1 ♂, Texas, Cameron Co. [RSP:43] N 25.98863° W 97.56429°, Resaca de la Palma St. Pk. subtropical resaca woodland 13 May 2008; MV Sheet 3 H.L. Kons Jr. &amp; R.J. Borth (MWM).</p> <p>Reported from Guatemala (Quirigua, Cayuga and Queriflia), Mexico (Cordoba and Sinaola) and USA, Texas (Southmost, Cameron Co., Brownsville, Hidalgo Co., Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge) (Blanchard &amp; Knudson 1985; Schoorl (1990).</p> <p>Remarks. A detailed description was given by Blanchard &amp; Knudson (1985). Later, we indicated the unclear taxonomic position of Z. masoni (Yakovlev et al. 2019b), considering the distinct difference of the male genitalia of other Neotropical Zeuzerinae species currently known.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species differs from the other congeners in the male externally and in the genital structure: the forewing has a very dense grey pattern which is significantly darker than in C. ophelia, with a black longitudinal stroke medially, from the base to the apex of the wing; the valve has a wavy saccular margin, significantly narrowed to the apex.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Texas), Mexico, Guatemala.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACC40DFFB70332FF410F82FD56FE63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Naydenov, Artem E.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Penco, Fernando C.	Naydenov, Artem E., Yakovlev, Roman V., Penco, Fernando C. (2021): Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae). Zootaxa 4985 (4): 557-563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.8
03ACC40DFFB40333FF410C2EFEA9FEF3.text	03ACC40DFFB40333FF410C2EFEA9FEF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carohamilia ophelia (Schaus 1921)	<div><p>Carohamilia ophelia (Schaus, 1921)</p> <p>Figs. 3, 12, 17</p> <p>Lentagena ophelia Schaus, 1921: 393</p> <p>Carohamilia Ophelia Dyar, 1940: 1269.</p> <p>Material examined: Type material. Holotype ♂: Guatemala: Cayuga, March, Schaus and Barnes coll., TypeNo. 23430 U.S.N.M., USNMENT 01198176 (USNM) (Figs. 3, 14).</p> <p>Literature records (cited by Schoorl (1990)): Mexico: 2 ♂, Yucatan, Chichen Itza (CMNH); 2 ♂, near Concordia, Sinoloa (CMNH); 1 ♂, Concordia, Sinaloa (NHMA). The specimens from Mexico were not studied morphologically, so their affiliation to C. ophelia is not confirmed.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species differs from the other representatives of the genus by the following features:</p> <p>- the fore wing is pale, with a black area basally, black stroke at the costal edge in the postdiscal area and a black discal spot;</p> <p>- the saccular margin of the valve is straight.</p> <p>Distribution. Guatemala. The distribution of the species in Mexico is not confirmed. To clarify the species attribution of the specimens from Mexico, given by Schoorl (1990), we need to study the genital morphology of these specimens.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACC40DFFB40333FF410C2EFEA9FEF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Naydenov, Artem E.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Penco, Fernando C.	Naydenov, Artem E., Yakovlev, Roman V., Penco, Fernando C. (2021): Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae). Zootaxa 4985 (4): 557-563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.8
03ACC40DFFB50334FF410CAEFCECFEF2.text	03ACC40DFFB50334FF410CAEFCECFEF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carohamilia poam (Dyar 1918) Naydenov & Yakovlev & Penco 2021	<div><p>Carohamilia poam (Dyar, 1918) comb. n.</p> <p>Figs. 4−5, 13, 17</p> <p>Psychonoctua poam Dyar, 1918: 366-367</p> <p>Material examined: Type material. Holotype ♂: “ Mexico: Prob. State, Veracruz ”, R. Muller Collector, 43-86, U.S. N.M. Type No. 21315, USNMENT 01198207 (USNM) (Fig. 4). — Further material. Belize: 1 ♂, Punta Gorda, June 1933, J.J. White, SLIDE NHMUK 010315488, NHMUK 012832455 (NHMUK) (Fig. 5, 13).</p> <p>Literature records (cited by Schoorl (1990)): Guatemala: 8 ♂: various localities (NHMUK).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species differs from the other congeners in the following characters:</p> <p>- the reticulated pattern is expressed throughout all the forewing;</p> <p>- the dark area on the forewing at its base is poorly expressed;</p> <p>- the black discal spot on the fore wing is small;</p> <p>- on the saccular margin of the valve (in the middle third) a trapezoidal process with a wide base.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico, Belize, Guatemala (Schoorl 1990).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACC40DFFB50334FF410CAEFCECFEF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Naydenov, Artem E.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Penco, Fernando C.	Naydenov, Artem E., Yakovlev, Roman V., Penco, Fernando C. (2021): Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae). Zootaxa 4985 (4): 557-563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.8
03ACC40DFFB20335FF410F10FBBFFC17.text	03ACC40DFFB20335FF410F10FBBFFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carohamilia terrafirma (Schaus 1911) Naydenov & Yakovlev & Penco 2021	<div><p>Carohamilia terrafirma (Schaus, 1911) comb. n.</p> <p>Figs. 6−8, 14, 17</p> <p>Psychonoctua terrafirma Schaus, 1911: 629.</p> <p>=? Psychonoctua nullifer Dyar, 1914: 349 (synonymized by Dyar (1940: 1268)).</p> <p>Material examined: Type material. Holotype of Psychonoctua terrafirma Schaus, 1911, ♂: Costa Rica: Sixola Riv, Mar., Type No. 17303 U.S.N.M. USNMENT 01198216 (USNM) (Fig. 6); Holotype of Psychonoctua nullifer Dyar, 1914, ♀: Panama: Taboga Isl. [Jelz /2] August Busck, Type No. 16435 U.S.N.M., USNMENT 01198178 (USNM) (Fig. 8). — Further material. Colombia: 1 ♂, Muzo, R. Cantinero, 400 m (A. H. Fassl), NHMUK 012832454, SLIDE NHMUK 010315487 (NHMUK) (Figs 7, 14); 1 ♂, Antioquia <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.274445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.9908338" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.274445/lat 6.9908338)">SW of Dabeiba</a>, 780 m, 6°59’27”N 76°16’28”W; 17−18.III.2017, V. Sinyaev (RYB); Ecuador: 3 ♂, Esmeraldes Prov., 3 km E Mompiche, 140 m, 0°29’37”N 79°59’46′”W; 25−29.I.2013, leg. Sinjaev &amp; Dr. R. Brechlin, GenPrMWM: 37.167 (MWM); 1 ♂, Esmeraldes, San Mateo, 26.VIII.56, leg. J. Förster (ZSM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species differs from the other species of the genus in the following characters:</p> <p>- the largest species of the genus (length of the fore wing is 20−22 mm, in the other species less than 20 mm);</p> <p>- the male fore wing has an expressed reticulated pattern, well developed black spot at the base and a discal spot;</p> <p>- the saccular margin of the valve has two well-expressed semicircular notch.</p> <p>Notes. The affiliation of Psychonoctua nullifer Dyar, 1914 with Carohamilia terrafirma (Schaus, 1911) was established by Dyar (1940: 1268) without any published argument. Basing on the present materials, we can neither confirm nor refute this taxonomic decision, so we leave the synonymy suggested by Dyar (1940) disputable.</p> <p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador.</p> <p>Examining the type specimens of Carohamilia sensu Schoorl (1990) we found significant differences in the genital structure and in the wing pattern between С. ophelia and С. lineaeplena (Figs. 1, 9, 11, 15):</p> <p>- in С. lineaeplena, the fore wing pattern consists of transverse equidistant wavy lines, whereas in С. ophelia an expressed dark area is present basally on the fore wing with a dark discal spot;</p> <p>- in С. lineaeplena there is a sharply constriction on the rod-like lateral processes of the juxta apically, whereas in С. ophelia only the basal part is tapered;</p> <p>- in С. lineaeplena the saccus is semicircular and short, in С. ophelia the saccus is robust and very elongated;</p> <p>- the phallus of С. lineaeplena is large, with a lateral cornutus on the vesica, in С. ophelia the phallus is thin and long, without cornuti.</p> <p>The morphological features of С. lineaeplena indicates that this species belongs to the genus Schreiteriana (male genitalia: the reduction of the gnathos and transtilla processes, the valva of simple form, without armament, peculiar structure of the phallus, the vesica with a long ribbon-like sclerite in its lateral surface), previously redescribed (Pencо et al. 2016).) We establish a new combination − Schreiteriana lineaeplena (Dognin, 1911), comb. n. In addition, the complete external identity and the same male genital structure of S. lineaeplena and of the recently described S. urcuchillay Yakovlev, Penco &amp; Witt, 2017, indicate that these species are synonyms. Thus, S. lineaeplena = Schreiteriana urcuchillay Yakovlev, Penco et Witt, 2017 syn. n.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACC40DFFB20335FF410F10FBBFFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Naydenov, Artem E.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Penco, Fernando C.	Naydenov, Artem E., Yakovlev, Roman V., Penco, Fernando C. (2021): Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae). Zootaxa 4985 (4): 557-563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.8
