taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A0675CFFC4FFC7FF0F54D93402F917.taxon	diagnosis	Morphological diagnosis. A medium-sized Protonemura species. Body length of males 5 – 7 mm, females 7 – 9 mm. Males and females macropterous. General color light reddish-brown; head dark; antennae and legs light brown-colored. Forewings smoky brown. Cervical gills short, without pre-apical constriction (Fig. 9). Sclerotized base of the median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males piriform; sclerotized stem arising like a tapering extension from the inner upper edge of the sclerotized median lobe (Figs. 5 – 7). Males (Figs. 1 – 8). Tergites 8 and 7 with several rows of strong spines on each side of posterior margin, medially interrupted; tergite 6 with two to four smaller spines in one row on each side (Fig. 4). Hypoproct terminated by a finger-shaped expansion (Fig. 6). Ventral vesicle ovoid-shaped (Figs. 5, 6). Inner lobe of paraprocts hidden by hypoproct. In ventral and lateral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts reniform or piriform (Figs. 5 – 7). Sclerotized stem arising like a tapering extension from the inner posterior edge of the sclerotized median lobe (Figs. 5 – 7). Sclerotized stem thick at its base, progressively thinning out at its apex (Figs. 5 – 7). Sclerotized stem long and regularly curved, largely extending over the membranous field (Figs. 5 – 7), and with one or two, rarely three, apical spines (Fig. 1). Membranous field often with a dark thorn. Outer lobe sclerite (OLS) with a large median part (Fig. 8) from which three branches originate: a narrow basal branch turning around the cercus (= OLS 1; Fig. 8; cf. Fig. 7), a second, short and thick branch (= OLS 2; Fig. 8) located between the cercus and the membranous field of the median lobe, and finally a short and small, sometimes invisible without the cercus removed, sclerite that arises from the second branch (= OLS 3; Fig. 8; Kis 1974, fig. 99 C). Epiproct with a median widening in lateral view (Figs. 1, 2). Tip of epiproct short and strongly bent upwards, with a wide gap between the tip and the upper median part of the epiproct (Figs. 1, 2; Illies 1955, fig. 29 C). Tip of epiproct with a small, transparent, globulous extension, flanked by two short and thick dark thorns on each side, visible only by transparency through the cuticle (Fig. 2). Tip of epiproct with a dark oval-shaped sclerite, in dorsal view (Fig. 3). Ventral sclerite of the epiproct with a median bulge bearing a row of spines pointing backward and not extending beyond the tip of the ventral sclerite.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFC7FF0F54D93402F917.taxon	description	Females (Figs. 10 – 12). Pregenital plate of sternite 7 brightened, triangle-shaped, with posterior margin not extending over sternite 8 (Figs. 10, 12). Subgenital plate wide, with a ribbon-shaped sclerotized band, slightly bulging out in its median part and blunt at its edges (Figs. 10, 12). Vaginal lobes of the subgenital plate large and bulbiform, partly covering sternite 9 and extending nearly to the edge of sternite 8 (Figs. 10, 12). Vaginal lobes medially separated by a deep V-shaped notch (Figs. 10, 12). In lateral view, genital plate slightly bent downwards, and vaginal lobes protruding ventrally (Fig. 11).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFCEFF0F515837CAFCF7.taxon	description	(Figs. 13 – 22)	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFCEFF0F515837CAFCF7.taxon	diagnosis	Morphological diagnosis. A medium-sized Protonemura species. Body length of males 5 – 7 mm, females 7 – 9 mm. Males and females macropterous. General color light reddish-brown; head dark; antennae and legs light-colored. Forewings smoky brown. Cervical gills short, without pre-apical constriction (cf. Figs. 9, 32). Sclerotized base of the median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males small and nearly square; sclerotized stem short and thick (Figs. 16 – 18). Tip of epiproct with two small spines (Fig. 13, arrow).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFCEFF0F515837CAFCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: ITALY: Carnic Alps: S. E. Auronzo di Cadore,> Passo di Rezzo, below Sella Ciampigotto, spring and brook, 1750 m, 46.487 N, 12.589 E, 22.06.2018, leg. G. Vinçon (deposited in the MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660505). Paratypes: same locality (Fig. 40) and date, 3 ♂, 3 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (deposited in the MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660506). Additional material. ITALY: Carnic Alps. S. W. Feltre, Séren del Grappa, 650 – 750 m, 45.923 N, 11.811 E, 8.06.2008, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); S. E. Ampezzo,> Préone, Casali Cjampon, W. slope of Verzegnis Mount, big spring, 750 – 800 m, 46.355 N, 12.875 E, 11.10.2008, 3 ♀; 14.05.2010, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN), 22.06.2018, 3 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (RED); S. E. Auronzo di Cadore,> Passo di Rezzo, below Sella Ciampigotto, spring and brook, 1750 m, 46.487 N, 12.589 E, 22.06.2018, 2 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (RED); 21.09.1980, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. C. Ravizza (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00967670); Moggio Udinese, Loc Saps, torrent Aupa, 800 m, 46.495 N, 13.22 E, 15.06.1994, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. C. Ravizza (VIN); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. C. Ravizza (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00967665); Studena Alta, rio Bianco, 830 m, 46.508 N, 13.27 E, 15.06.1994, 1 ♂, leg. C. Ravizza (VIN); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. C. Ravizza (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00967669); 02.12.1979, 1 ♀, leg. C. Ravizza (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00967668); NE Belluno, Passo Mauria, eastern slope, brook and spring, 1100 m, 46.446 N, 12.539 E, 14.05.2010, 1 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Belluno, before Levego, Sagrogna, artificial brook, 400 m, 46.154 N, 12.266 E, 24.04.1999, 3 ♂, 3 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); W. Belluno, N. E. Feltre, Canzoi Valley, above the dam, spring and brook, 800 m, 46.143 N, 11.951 E, 5.04.2009, 1 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN). ITALY: Julian Alps. N. E. Cividale del Friuli, Cepletischis, near the Slovenia border, spring above the village, 600 m, 46.179 N, 13.568 E, 15.05.2010, 4 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); E. Cividale del Friuli, below Stregna, below Zamir, 200 m, 46.122 N, 13.55 E, 21.04.2008, 1 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Resia, Valle dell’Uccea, torrent, 700 m, 46.306 N, 13.378 E, 14.07.1974, 3 ♂, leg. C. Ravizza (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00967676). SLOVENIA: Julian Alps. Goriska region, tributary to Limarica river, Vršič Pass, 1400 m, 46.414 N, 13.744 E, 23.06.2018, 5 ♂, 4 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (RED); Vršič Pass, S. slope, Limarica trib., Soca trib., 1400 – 1550 m, 46.431 N, 13.743 E, 23.06.2018, 4 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Vršič Pass, S. slope, 1300 m, 46.411 N, 13.749 E, 15.05.2010, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); N. Bovec, Passo del Predil, Slovenian slope of the Pass, 1100 m, 46.419 N, 13.586 E, 15.05.2010, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFCEFF0F515837CAFCF7.taxon	description	Description of Protonemura bispina sp. n. Males (Figs. 13 – 18). Tergites 8 and 7 with several rows of strong spines on each side, medially interrupted (Fig. 15); tergite 6 without spines. Hypoproct nearly square, terminated by a finger-shaped expansion (Fig. 16). Ventral vesicle ovoid-shaped (Fig. 16). Inner lobe of paraprocts hidden by hypoproct. In ventral and lateral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts small and nearly square; membranous field reduced, not extending over the length of the cercus (Figs. 16 – 18), often with a dark thorn. Sclerotized stem arising from the inner upper edge of the sclerotized median lobe short and thick, not extending over the membranous field, and with apical spines (Figs. 16 – 18). The sclerite of the outer lobe is trifurcated (Fig. 18), with a narrow basal branch turning around the cercus (= OLS 1, Fig. 18), a second, thin and curled branch, located between the cercus and the membranous field of the median lobe (= OLS 2, Fig. 18), and a third, thin sclerite, sometimes invisible because hidden by the cercus (cf. Fig. 8), that arises from the second branch (= OLS 3, Fig. 18). Epiproct with a strong median widening (Figs. 13, 14). Tip of the epiproct very large and bent upwards, with a deep and narrow U-shaped notch between the tip and the upper median part of the epiproct (Figs. 13, 14). Tip of epiproct with two light-colored small protruding spines pointing forward (Figs. 13 (arrow), 14). Tip of epiproct with a dark tulip-shaped sclerite, in dorsal view (Fig. 15). Ventral sclerite of the epiproct with a median bulge bearing a row of short spines pointing backward (Figs. 13, 14). Females (Figs. 20 – 22). Pregenital plate of sternite 7 brightened, large and wide, with rounded margin slightly extending over sternite 8 (Figs. 20, 22). Subgenital plate with a narrow ribbon-shaped sclerotized band, slightly constricted in its middle and terminated by an acuminated edge on both sides (Figs. 20, 22). Vaginal lobes of the subgenital plate reniform, partly covering sternite 9, and extending almost to the edge of sternite 8 (Figs. 20, 22). Vaginal lobes medially separated by a deep V-shaped notch (Fig. 20). In lateral view, pregenital and genital plates prominent (Fig. 21). Paraprocts large and rounded at apex, acuminated laterally (Fig. 22). Larvae: unknown. Morphological affinities. Males. Adult males of Protonemura bispina sp. n. differ from those of P. auberti by the tip of the epiproct, which is much wider in P. bispina sp. n. (Figs. 13, 14) than in P. auberti (Figs. 1, 2). Moreover, the gap between the median part of the epiproct and its tip is very narrow and U-shaped in Protonemura bispina sp. n. (Figs. 13, 14), whereas this gap is much wider in P. auberti (Figs. 1, 2). Two clearly visible spines are protruding forward at the tip of the epiproct of Protonemura bispina sp. n. (Figs. 13, 14) while in P. auberti there is only a small, transparent, globulous extension, flanked by two short and thick dark thorns on each side which are visible only by transparency through the cuticle (Figs. 1, 2). In ventral and lateral views, the paraprocts median lobe and the sclerotized stem form a piriform structure in Protonemura auberti (Figs. 5 – 7), whereas both meet at a nearly right angle in P. bispina sp. n. (Figs. 16 – 18). Females. In female adults, the subgenital plate of Protonemura bispina sp. n. bears a narrow ribbon-shaped sclerotized band, slightly constricted in its middle and terminated by an acuminated edge on both sides (Figs. 20, 22), whereas this band is much wider in P. auberti (Figs. 10, 12). Vaginal lobes of Protonemura auberti are voluminous and bulbiform (Figs. 10, 12), whereas they are smaller and reniform in P. bispina sp. n. (Figs. 20, 22).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFCEFF0F515837CAFCF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution area and biogeographical notes. This steno-endemic species inhabits the Carnic and Julian Alps (Figs. 39, 40). It is strongly crenophilic, mainly occurring in brooklets and springs in a wide altitudinal range (200 – 1750 m a. s. l.). The flight period is mainly in spring (IV – VI) but exceptionally extends into late autumn (X – XII) at lower altitudes (<850 m).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFC4FFCEFF0F515837CAFCF7.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis of Protonemura bispina sp. n. This species is named after the two spines located at the tip of the epiproct in adult males (Figs. 13, 14). The epithet is to be treated as a Latin adjective, feminine in gender combined with Protonemura.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFCDFFCFFF0F55F83719F877.taxon	description	(Figs. 23 – 31) - Protonemura auberti (sequences PLEAA 135 - 20, PLEAA 190 - 20 and PLEAA 147 - 20 on Boldsystems website, www. boldsystems. org)	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFCDFFCFFF0F55F83719F877.taxon	diagnosis	Morphological diagnosis. A medium-sized Protonemura species. Body length of males 6 – 7 mm, females 8 – 12 mm. Males and females macropterous. General color light reddish-brown; head dark; antennae and legs light-colored. Forewings smoky brown. Cervical gills very short, without pre-apical constriction (cf. Figs. 9, 32). Sclerotized base of the median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males very narrow and with a small, nearly triangular middle expansion; sclerotized stem long and slender, with a long apical thorn (Figs. 26 – 28).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFCDFFCFFF0F55F83719F877.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: ITALY: Pennine Alps. Gressoney valley, Colombit, torrent and spring, 850 m, 45.655 N, 7.864 E, 16.10.2015, leg. G. Vinçon (deposited in the MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660507). Paratypes: same locality and date, 2 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (deposited in the MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660508). Additional material. ITALY: Pennine Alps. Gressoney valley: Pillaz, 1340 – 1380 m, brook and spring, 45.642 N, 7.875 E, 16.10.2015, 1 ♂; 17.10.2020, 2 ♂, 5 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Trovinasse, brook and spring (Fig. 41), 1600 – 1650 m, 45.579 N, 7.868 E, 13.08.2005, 3 ♂, 5 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); 1 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (RED); 31.08.2012, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Colma di Mambarone, brook and spring, 1850 – 1900 m, 45.583 N, 7.8815 E, 8.08.2020, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Carema, 500 m, 45.594 N, 7.806 E, 2.11.1990, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Andrate, Viona Valley, torrent and brook, 1120 m, 45.547 N, 7.889 E, 8.08.2020, 1 ♂, 3 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Biella, Oropa, 1850 m, 45.634 N, 7.949 E, 4.07.2020, 4 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Oropa, Gias Comune, brook, 1300 m, 5.06.1978, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. C. Ravizza (VIN); Ailoche, <Noveis, 1000 m, 45.707 N, 8.2 E, 6.11.2015, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Civiasco, brook, 850 m, 45.822 N, 8.313 E, 13.08.2005, 1 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); 11.10.2014, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00279864, used for molecular studies, Boldsystems item PLEAA 147 - 20); Cervarolo, brook, 1200 m, 45.874 N, 8.264 E, 2.06.1991, 11 ♂, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Cervarolo, brook, 750 m, 45.843 N, 8.2585 E, 6.11.2015, 3 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Colma Pass, brook, 850 m, 45.819 N, 8.333 E, 13.08.2005, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Graglia, rivulet, 900 m, 45.568 N, 7.953 E, 24.06.1978, 1 ♂, 3 mature larvae, leg. C. Ravizza (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00967667). ITALY: Graian Alps. Aosta Valley: Scalaro, 1500 m, 45.548 N, 7.762 E, 9.10.1999, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); Scalaro, spring, 1375 m, 45.549 N, 7.772 E, 17.09.2009, 3 ♂, 1 ♀; 31.08.2012, 6 ♂, 8 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN); 3 ♂, 3 ♀ leg. G. Vinçon (RED); 11.10.2014, 2 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (MZL, catalogue numbers: GBIFCH 00279852 and GBIFCH 00279954, used for molecular studies; Boldsystems items PLEAA 135 - 20 and PLEAA 190 - 20); above Quincinetto, 1000 m, 45.555 N, 7.792 E, 9.10.1999, 1 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (VIN).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFCDFFCFFF0F55F83719F877.taxon	description	Description of Protonemura pennina sp. n. Males (Figs. 23 – 28). Tergites 8 and 7 with two rows of strong spines on each side and medially interrupted (Fig. 25); tergite 6 without spines. Hypoproct terminated by a fingershaped expansion (Figs. 26, 27). Ventral vesicle ovoid-shaped (Figs. 26 – 28). Inner lobe of paraprocts hidden by hypoproct. In ventral and lateral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts very narrow and with a small, nearly triangular middle expansion (Figs. 26 – 28); membranous field not extending over the length of the cercus (Figs. 26 – 28) often with several dark thorns. Sclerotized stem arising from the inner posterior edge of the sclerotized median lobe, long and slender, largely extending over the membranous field, and with subapical spines and long apical tooth (Figs. 26 – 28). Sclerotized stem barely bent in lateral view (Figs. 27, 28). Sclerite of the outer lobe very large in its middle part (Figs. 27, 28), from where arise two smaller outer sclerites, one with a narrow basal branch turning around the cercus (OLS 1) and a second located between the cercus and the membranous field of the median lobe (OLS 2), and a third sclerite (OLS 3) that arises from the second branch (Figs. 27, 28; cf. Figs. 8, 18). Epiproct with a median widening in lateral view (Figs. 23, 24). Tip of the epiproct large and swollen, bent upwards, with a wide notch between the tip and the upper median part of the epiproct (Figs. 23, 24). Tip of epiproct with a dark circular sclerite, in dorsal view (Fig. 25). Ventral sclerite of epiproct with a median bulge bearing a row of short spines pointing backward (Fig. 23). Females (Figs. 29 – 31). Pregenital plate of sternite 7 grained, with rounded margin slightly extending over sternite 8 (Fig. 31). Subgenital plate with a narrow ribbon-shaped sclerotized band, with blunt edges, covering at most two thirds of the total width of sternite 8 (Figs. 29, 31). Vaginal lobes of the subgenital plate rather small, nearly square, not extending to the edge of sternite 8 (Figs. 29, 31). Vaginal lobes medially separated by a notch (Figs. 29, 31). In lateral view, pregenital and genital plates prominent (Fig. 30). Paraprocts large and axe-shaped, with straight sides, acuminated laterally (Fig. 29). Larvae: unknown. Morphological affinities. Males. Protonemura pennina sp. n. is morphologically close to P. auberti and to P. bispina sp. n. In ventral view, the paraprocts median lobe and sclerotized stem form a piriform structure in Protonemura auberti (Figs. 5, 6, 7), whereas both meet at an acute angle in P. pennina sp. n. (Figs. 27, 28) and a right angle in P. bispina. (Figs. 16 – 18). The sclerotized stem of Protonemura pennina sp. n. is long and thin, nearly rectilinear in lateral view (Figs. 26, 27), whereas it is shorter, thicker and curved in P. auberti (Fig. 7; Aubert 1959, fig. 69) and shorter and thicker in P. bispina sp. n. (Figs. 16, 17). The tip of the epiproct of Protonemura auberti bears a small globulous extension flanked by two short and thick, dark, thorns visible by transparency (Figs. 1, 2), whereas the epiproct of P. pennina sp. n. is large and swollen, without a globulous extension and without any thorns (Figs. 23, 24). Protonemura pennina sp. n. is also easily separable from P. aestiva Kis, 1965. The sclerotized base of the median lobe of the paraprocts of Protonemura aestiva (Fig. 34; Kis 1974, fig. 100 C) is much wider than the one of P. pennina sp. n. (Figs. 27, 28); and its blade shaped middle expansion (Fig. 34; Kis 1974, fig. 100 C) is nearly twice as large as the one of P. pennina sp. n. (Figs. 27, 28). The tip of the epiproct of Protonemura pennina sp. n. exhibits a dark circular sclerite, in dorsal view (Fig. 25), whereas the one of P. aestiva has two comma-shaped stripes (Kis 1965, fig. 5). Females. In female adults, the subgenital plate of Protonemura pennina sp. n. bears a narrow ribbon-shaped sclerotized band (Figs. 29, 31), whereas this band is much wider in P. auberti (Figs. 10, 12). Vaginal lobes of Protonemura auberti are voluminous and bulbiform (Figs. 10, 12), whereas they are small and nearly square in P. pennina sp. n. (Figs. 29, 31) and reniform in P. bispina (Figs. 20, 22). The vaginal lobes of Protonemura aestiva are large and outward pointing (Fig. 33; Kis 1965, fig. 3), whereas they are small and nearly square in P. pennina sp. n. (Figs. 29, 31).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFCDFFCFFF0F55F83719F877.taxon	distribution	Distribution area and biogeographical notes. Protonemura pennina sp. n. is a steno-endemic species that occurs widely across the Pennine Alps and in the eastern part of the Graian Alps (Figs. 39, 41). It is a strongly crenophilic species. Its altitudinal range is very large (500 – 1900 m). The flight period is extended, lasting from late spring to autumn (VI – XI).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
03A0675CFFCDFFCFFF0F55F83719F877.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis of Protonemura pennina sp. n. This species is named after the region in which it mainly occurs, namely the Pennine Alps. The epithet is to be treated as a Latin adjective, feminine in gender combined with Protonemura.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Ravizza, Carlalberto (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from the Italian Alps. Zootaxa 4985 (4): 493-512, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.4
