taxonID	type	description	language	source
B6558787DE3D7050F1D6FC31949AFD36.taxon	diagnosis	Generic diagnosis (slightly modified from Kosztarab & Kozár 1988). Adult female. In life, waxy ovisac elongate, almost parallel sided, white, 3 – 6 mm long, covering dorsum of adult female almost entirely. Post-reproductive female sclerotized, ovisac shrinking and falling off, except for when specimens have been parasitized. Teneral female elongate, parallel sided, with both ends rounded or slightly tapered; dorsum flat or slightly convex; venter almost flat; typically, body yellowish with or without 2 red dorsal longitudinal stripes. Dorsum. Body setae of different shapes and sizes, ranging from small hair-like to large conical setae, but all relatively short (each up to 20 μm long on head) and sparse (with up to 20 setae within an area between the antennal bases and procoxae on the venter). Preopercular pores, each 3 – 6 μm in diameter, forming a medial longitudinal band on thorax and abdomen. Tubular ducts numerous. Anal ring 45 – 80 μm in diameter, bearing 6 setae, each 110 – 180 μm long. Anal plates triangular, each with 4 apical setae. Margin. Marginal setae spine-like or hair-like; different types of setae not intermixed. Venter. Antennae slender, each with 8 segments. Labium cube shaped, with 5 pairs of setae; stylet loop approximately same length as labium. Legs slender, anterior legs always shortest; tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis present; claw digitules large, each with an expanded apical knob. Spiracular pore bands mostly composed of quinquelocular pores; each spiracular cleft containing 2 subequal, enlarged spiracular setae. Body setae of various lengths; interantennal setae of various lengths (up to 150 μm long), usually numbering 10 – 25 but rarely over 30 (up to 33 setae). Multilocular pores mostly each with 8 – 10 loculi, although sometimes with fewer or more loculi, forming transverse bands across abdominal sternites V ‒ VII, rarely on anterior segments. Tubular ducts of various sizes. Microducts, each 1.0 – 1.5 μm in diameter, normally forming a submarginal row, present also on medial areas of head, thorax, and on abdomen in some species.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3D7050F1D6FC31949AFD36.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Luzulaspis is most closely related to Poaspis Koteja, 1978, with respect to the distribution of the large ventral setae, the number of stigmatic spines, structure of the dorsal setae, and claw digitules (Çalýþkan et al. 2015, Hodgson 1994, Koteja 1978, 1979 b). To differentiate these genera, Koteja (1978) proposed in his key to genera of “ Eriopeltini ” that species of Luzulaspis differ from those in Poaspis in having claw digitules each with the apical knob wider than the width of the claw. However, at least a few Luzulaspis species do not have this character state, as was evident in his illustrations (Koteja 1979 b, Figs 4 – 5). Hodgson (1994) proposed that members of Luzulaspis have no more than 30 well-developed, long ventral setae between the antennal bases. However, in this study, we have established that this character state may not be a strict criterion for distinguishing the genera (see below). Accordingly, we suggest that the relationships between species assigned to Luzulaspis and Poaspis should be re-examined based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and evaluations of other potentially relevant morphological character states. To distinguish Luzulaspis from Poaspis, we tentatively propose to use the number of well-developed, long ventral setae between the antennae, as did Hodgson (1994). However, we also propose here that the criterion should be looser than in Hodgson (1994); if the number of well-developed interantennal setae of the species is 33 or less, the species is considered to belong to Luzulaspis; but if the number is 35 or more, the species is considered to belong to Poaspis. Furthermore, possession of numerous dorsal setae within an area between the antennal bases and procoxae on the venter (about 20 – 40) (Koteja 1979 a), and evenly scattered and comparatively long dorsal setae (about 20 – 40 μm on head) (Koteja 1978) are both character states exclusive to Poaspis. These morphological characters may be helpful for assignment of species to these genera.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 3)	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: JAPAN, / Hokkaido / Kamikawa-gun, Pippu / Kita 2 sen / on Carex miyabei / 6. vi. 2020 / coll. D. Sasaki; adult female mounted singly on a slide (ELKU). Paratypes: same data as for holotype, 7 adult females mounted singly (4 EUMJ, 3 ELKU).	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	description	Description of adult female (n = 8) Live appearance. Body of adult female elongate oval, usually flat. Before oviposition, entire dorsum greenish yellow or almost infested glass-like color and without visible wax (Fig. 2 b – d). Ovisac-producing adult female not observed. Slide-mounted adult female. Body elongate oval, 4.5 (4.3 – 5.0) mm long, 1.5 (1.3 – 1.8) mm wide, approximately 3 times longer than broad, sides parallel, margin with a distinct but shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft approximately 1 / 9 (1 / 8 – 1 / 10) of body length. Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations absent. Setae spiniform, frequent, scattered throughout, each 7 – 10 (7 – 13) μm long with a well-developed basal socket; 7 – 9 (6 – 15) setae present within an area between antennal base and procoxa on the venter. Simple pores present, each 1 – 2 μm in diameter, distributed sparsely throughout. Preopercular pores oval to circular, each 3 – 4 (3 – 5) μm in diameter; present in a relatively wide band of approximately 100 + pores extending between anal plate and prothorax. Tubular ducts frequent throughout except for most of head (Fig. 1), each with a shallow but quite wide outer ductule [6 – 7 (5 – 9) μm wide and 4 – 6 (4 – 7) μm long] with a well-sclerotized invagination at inner end, and a thin inner ductule [<1 μm wide and 4 – 6 (3 – 10) μm long] with a small terminal gland, orifice obviously wider than those of type I ventral tubular ducts. Dorsal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate but slightly rounded (Fig. 1, AP; Fig. 3 d), each plate 123 – 127 (120 – 138) μm long, 61 – 62 (57 – 76) μm wide, with a well-developed but small supporting bar, a slightly convex posterolateral margin and 4 apical or subapical setae. Ano-genital fold with 1 pair of well-developed setae, 0 – 2 small setae along anterior margin and 1 pair laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 setae. Margin. Marginal setae spiniform with well-developed basal sockets, mostly each 10 – 32 (9 – 35) μm long, notably shorter than stigmatic spines, normally in a single row; marginal setae on head and anal lobe slightly longer than those on lateral margin, each side with 30 – 33 (30 – 44) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts distinct, each containing 2 stigmatic spines; both spines 35 – 45 (32 – 55) μm long, each stout and bent, generally posteriorly but sometimes irregularly (Fig. 3 a), typically with a blunt apex. Eyespots not detected. Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 6 – 9 μm wide, with 5 – 7 (4 – 8), mostly 6 or 7 loculi (Fig. 1, MP; Fig. 3 f), present around genital opening and on medial areas of preceding 3 ‒ 5 abdominal segments. Spiracular pores each 4 – 5 (3 – 6) μm wide, mostly each with 5 loculi, present in a relatively broad band, 3 – 5 (3 – 8) pores wide, between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 17 – 22 (17 – 43) pores, posterior bands each with 28 – 33 (23 – 59) pores. Microducts scattered mainly on submarginal area but sometimes present on medial area of thoracic and abdominal segments. Tubular ducts of 2 types: type I each with outer ductule [3 – 4 μm wide and 6 – 10 (6 – 13) μm long], a slightly stout inner ductule [1 – 2 μm wide and 10 – 15 (10 – 20) μm long] and a flower-shaped terminal gland, present in outer submarginal area of head, thorax and abdomen; type II ducts each with outer ductule similar to type I [3 – 4 (2 – 4) μm wide and 5 – 8 (5 – 15) μm long], but with a short, filamentous inner ductule [<1 μm wide and 3 – 5 (3 – 8) μm long] and a minute terminal gland, present in medial and inner submarginal areas of head, thorax and abdomen. All thoracic and abdominal segments with a considerable number of long ventral setae in medial area, as follows: prothoracic segment, 18 (10 – 23); mesothoracic segment, 22 (9 – 23); metathoracic segments, 10 (6 – 13); abdominal segment I, 21 (9 – 21); II, 17 (9 – 17); III, 12 (8 – 15); IV, 12 (10 – 16); V, 7 (6 – 13); VI, 10 (5 – 10). With 28 (25 – 33) pairs of long interantennal setae between antennal bases (Fig. 3 e), 2 – 5 (2 – 7) pairs of long setae on posterior area of procoxae, 0 (0 – 6) pairs on anterior area of mesocoxae, and 0 – 2 (0 – 6) pairs on anterior area of metacoxae; relatively long submarginal setae [each 15 – 30 (9 – 30) μm] sparsely present along area inside margin; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Spiracles normal for the genus; peritreme widths: anterior spiracle 60 – 66 (52 – 67) μm, posterior spiracle 60 – 70 (60 – 78) μm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint (Fig. 1, LG; Fig. 3, b) and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad (Fig, 3, c) and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 437 – 444 (430 – 528) μm long, hind tibia 374 – 380 (350 – 438) μm long, and hind tarsus 158 – 172 (152 – 185) μm long; hind tibia with numerous relatively short setae (length subequal to tibia width). Antennae each 8 - segmented, 606 – 632 (606 – 698) μm long. Labium 130 (113 – 134) μm wide, 60 (60 – 130) μm long. Host-plants. Carex miyabei (Cyperaceae)	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type specimens of Luzulaspis kinakikir sp. nov. have a large number (25 to 33) of well-developed long interantennal ventral setae; this contrasts with the morphological character state proposed by Hodgson (1994) as a diagnostic character of the genus (<30 well-developed long ventral setae between antennae), and differs from most of its congeners. However, most of the type specimens have fewer than 30 well-developed long ventral setae between the antennae, and only two of the paratypes have more than 30 (31 and 33 respectively). Poaspis Koteja, 1978 is considered by some taxonomists to be the genus most closely related to Luzulaspis (Çalýþkan et al. 2015; Hodgson 1994; Koteja 1979 b). All the type specimens of L. kinakikir sp. nov. lack dorsal tubular ducts on most of the head (Fig. 1). This character state is similar to that in L. luzulae (Dufour, 1864), the type species of Luzulaspis, but different from that in the type species of Poaspis, P. jahandiezi (Balachowsky 1932). Therefore, we have tentatively placed L. kinakikir sp. nov. in Luzulaspis. Koteja (1979 b) split the members of Luzulaspis into five species groups, namely, Scotica, Luzulae, Bisetosa, Frontalis, and Grandis (Çalýþkan et al. 2015). Luzulaspis kinakikir sp. nov. is considered to belong to the Scotica group because it has the following features: (i) strong, conical marginal setae in a single row; and (ii) dorsal setae small, conical, or nearly parallel-sided and subequal in length. Within this group, L. kinakikir sp. nov. is similar to L. filizae Kaydan, 2015, in having: (i) setae on hind tibia relatively short (subequal or shorter than tibia width); (ii) head apex and anal lobe with marginal setae relatively longer than those on lateral margins; and (iii) stigmatic spines longer than other marginal setae. However, the new species differs from L. filizae as follows (character states of L. filizae are shown in parentheses): (i) multilocular pores each with 4 – 8, mostly 6 or 7, loculi (mostly each with 10 – 12 loculi); (ii) dorsal tubular ducts that are obviously wider than ventral tubular ducts (dorsal ducts same shape and size as the larger type of ventral ducts); and (iii) dorsal tubular ducts absent from head apex (sparsely present).	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Luzulaspis kinakikir sp. nov. was found only on a few ramets of Carex miyabei in the bed of the Pippu River, where the same plants formed a dense cluster, and it is probably a rare species. The new scale species infests indented parts of the abaxial and proximal surfaces along two mid-lateral veins of young leaves, which are Mshaped in cross section (Fig. 2 a, b). While they were reared on the plants in the laboratory for a week, we observed L. kinakikir walking from old to new leaves of C. miyabei (Fig. 2 c, d), so the adult females are able to walk during the maturation stages before oviposition. The adult male and the life cycle of L. kinakikir are unknown.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ kinakikir ” is a new compound noun based on the language of the local indigenous Ainu people on Hokkaido Island. “ Kina ” refers to grass and sedge, and “ Kikir ” refers to a bug in the Ainu language. The epithet is used in apposition. In a few Ainu local dialects, “ Kina-kikir ” may also refer to the larvae of some lepidopteran species.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
