identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B6558787DE3D7050F1D6FC31949AFD36.text	B6558787DE3D7050F1D6FC31949AFD36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luzulaspis Cockerell 1902	<div><p>Genus Luzulaspis Cockerell, 1902</p> <p>Generic diagnosis (slightly modified from Kosztarab &amp; Kozár 1988).</p> <p>Adult female. In life, waxy ovisac elongate, almost parallel sided, white, 3–6 mm long, covering dorsum of adult female almost entirely. Post-reproductive female sclerotized, ovisac shrinking and falling off, except for when specimens have been parasitized. Teneral female elongate, parallel sided, with both ends rounded or slightly tapered; dorsum flat or slightly convex; venter almost flat; typically, body yellowish with or without 2 red dorsal longitudinal stripes.</p> <p>Dorsum. Body setae of different shapes and sizes, ranging from small hair-like to large conical setae, but all relatively short (each up to 20 μm long on head) and sparse (with up to 20 setae within an area between the antennal bases and procoxae on the venter). Preopercular pores, each 3–6 μm in diameter, forming a medial longitudinal band on thorax and abdomen. Tubular ducts numerous. Anal ring 45–80 μm in diameter, bearing 6 setae, each 110–180 μm long. Anal plates triangular, each with 4 apical setae.</p> <p>Margin. Marginal setae spine-like or hair-like; different types of setae not intermixed.</p> <p>Venter. Antennae slender, each with 8 segments. Labium cube shaped, with 5 pairs of setae; stylet loop approximately same length as labium. Legs slender, anterior legs always shortest; tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis present; claw digitules large, each with an expanded apical knob. Spiracular pore bands mostly composed of quinquelocular pores; each spiracular cleft containing 2 subequal, enlarged spiracular setae. Body setae of various lengths; interantennal setae of various lengths (up to 150 μm long), usually numbering 10–25 but rarely over 30 (up to 33 setae). Multilocular pores mostly each with 8–10 loculi, although sometimes with fewer or more loculi, forming transverse bands across abdominal sternites V‒VII, rarely on anterior segments. Tubular ducts of various sizes. Microducts, each 1.0–1.5 μm in diameter, normally forming a submarginal row, present also on medial areas of head, thorax, and on abdomen in some species.</p> <p>Remarks. Luzulaspis is most closely related to Poaspis Koteja, 1978, with respect to the distribution of the large ventral setae, the number of stigmatic spines, structure of the dorsal setae, and claw digitules (Çalýþkan et al. 2015, Hodgson 1994, Koteja 1978, 1979b). To differentiate these genera, Koteja (1978) proposed in his key to genera of “Eriopeltini” that species of Luzulaspis differ from those in Poaspis in having claw digitules each with the apical knob wider than the width of the claw. However, at least a few Luzulaspis species do not have this character state, as was evident in his illustrations (Koteja 1979b, Figs 4–5). Hodgson (1994) proposed that members of Luzulaspis have no more than 30 well-developed, long ventral setae between the antennal bases. However, in this study, we have established that this character state may not be a strict criterion for distinguishing the genera (see below). Accordingly, we suggest that the relationships between species assigned to Luzulaspis and Poaspis should be re-examined based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and evaluations of other potentially relevant morphological character states.</p> <p>To distinguish Luzulaspis from Poaspis, we tentatively propose to use the number of well-developed, long ventral setae between the antennae, as did Hodgson (1994). However, we also propose here that the criterion should be looser than in Hodgson (1994); if the number of well-developed interantennal setae of the species is 33 or less, the species is considered to belong to Luzulaspis; but if the number is 35 or more, the species is considered to belong to Poaspis. Furthermore, possession of numerous dorsal setae within an area between the antennal bases and procoxae on the venter (about 20–40) (Koteja 1979a), and evenly scattered and comparatively long dorsal setae (about 20–40 μm on head) (Koteja 1978) are both character states exclusive to Poaspis. These morphological characters may be helpful for assignment of species to these genera.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6558787DE3D7050F1D6FC31949AFD36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka;Sasaki, Daisuke;Kamitani, Satoshi	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.text	B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luzulaspis kinakikir Tanaka & Sasaki & Kamitani 2021	<div><p>Luzulaspis kinakikir Tanaka sp. nov.</p> <p>Japanese common name: Ainu-hoso-katakaigaramushi</p> <p>(Figs. 1–3)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: JAPAN, / Hokkaido / Kamikawa-gun, Pippu / Kita 2 sen / on Carex miyabei / 6. vi. 2020 / coll. D. Sasaki; adult female mounted singly on a slide (ELKU). Paratypes: same data as for holotype, 7 adult females mounted singly (4 EUMJ, 3 ELKU).</p> <p>Description of adult female (n = 8)</p> <p>Live appearance. Body of adult female elongate oval, usually flat. Before oviposition, entire dorsum greenish yellow or almost infested glass-like color and without visible wax (Fig. 2b–d). Ovisac-producing adult female not observed.</p> <p>Slide-mounted adult female. Body elongate oval, 4.5 (4.3–5.0) mm long, 1.5 (1.3–1.8) mm wide, approximately 3 times longer than broad, sides parallel, margin with a distinct but shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft approximately 1/9 (1/8–1/10) of body length.</p> <p>Dorsum. Derm membranous, dermal areolations absent. Setae spiniform, frequent, scattered throughout, each 7–10 (7–13) μm long with a well-developed basal socket; 7–9 (6–15) setae present within an area between antennal base and procoxa on the venter. Simple pores present, each 1–2 μm in diameter, distributed sparsely throughout. Preopercular pores oval to circular, each 3–4 (3–5) μm in diameter; present in a relatively wide band of approximately 100+ pores extending between anal plate and prothorax. Tubular ducts frequent throughout except for most of head (Fig. 1), each with a shallow but quite wide outer ductule [6–7 (5–9) μm wide and 4–6 (4–7) μm long] with a well-sclerotized invagination at inner end, and a thin inner ductule [&lt;1 μm wide and 4–6 (3–10) μm long] with a small terminal gland, orifice obviously wider than those of type I ventral tubular ducts. Dorsal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate but slightly rounded (Fig. 1, AP; Fig. 3d), each plate 123–127 (120–138) μm long, 61–62 (57–76) μm wide, with a well-developed but small supporting bar, a slightly convex posterolateral margin and 4 apical or subapical setae. Ano-genital fold with 1 pair of well-developed setae, 0–2 small setae along anterior margin and 1 pair laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 setae.</p> <p>Margin. Marginal setae spiniform with well-developed basal sockets, mostly each 10–32 (9–35) μm long, notably shorter than stigmatic spines, normally in a single row; marginal setae on head and anal lobe slightly longer than those on lateral margin, each side with 30–33 (30–44) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts distinct, each containing 2 stigmatic spines; both spines 35–45 (32–55) μm long, each stout and bent, generally posteriorly but sometimes irregularly (Fig. 3a), typically with a blunt apex. Eyespots not detected.</p> <p>Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 6–9 μm wide, with 5–7 (4–8), mostly 6 or 7 loculi (Fig. 1, MP; Fig. 3f), present around genital opening and on medial areas of preceding 3‒5 abdominal segments. Spiracular pores each 4–5 (3–6) μm wide, mostly each with 5 loculi, present in a relatively broad band, 3–5 (3–8) pores wide, between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 17–22 (17–43) pores, posterior bands each with 28–33 (23–59) pores. Microducts scattered mainly on submarginal area but sometimes present on medial area of thoracic and abdominal segments. Tubular ducts of 2 types: type I each with outer ductule [3–4 μm wide and 6–10 (6–13) μm long], a slightly stout inner ductule [1–2 μm wide and 10–15 (10–20) μm long] and a flower-shaped terminal gland, present in outer submarginal area of head, thorax and abdomen; type II ducts each with outer ductule similar to type I [3–4 (2–4) μm wide and 5–8 (5–15) μm long], but with a short, filamentous inner ductule [&lt;1 μm wide and 3–5 (3–8) μm long] and a minute terminal gland, present in medial and inner submarginal areas of head, thorax and abdomen. All thoracic and abdominal segments with a considerable number of long ventral setae in medial area, as follows: prothoracic segment, 18 (10–23); mesothoracic segment, 22 (9–23); metathoracic segments, 10 (6–13); abdominal segment I, 21 (9–21); II, 17 (9–17); III, 12 (8–15); IV, 12 (10–16); V, 7 (6–13); VI, 10 (5–10). With 28 (25–33) pairs of long interantennal setae between antennal bases (Fig. 3e), 2–5 (2–7) pairs of long setae on posterior area of procoxae, 0 (0–6) pairs on anterior area of mesocoxae, and 0–2 (0–6) pairs on anterior area of metacoxae; relatively long submarginal setae [each 15–30 (9–30) μm] sparsely present along area inside margin; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Spiracles normal for the genus; peritreme widths: anterior spiracle 60–66 (52–67) μm, posterior spiracle 60–70 (60–78) μm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint (Fig. 1, LG; Fig. 3, b) and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad (Fig, 3, c) and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 437–444 (430–528) μm long, hind tibia 374–380 (350–438) μm long, and hind tarsus 158–172 (152–185) μm long; hind tibia with numerous relatively short setae (length subequal to tibia width). Antennae each 8-segmented, 606–632 (606–698) μm long. Labium 130 (113–134) μm wide, 60 (60–130) μm long.</p> <p>Host-plants. Carex miyabei (Cyperaceae)</p> <p>Remarks. The type specimens of Luzulaspis kinakikir sp. nov. have a large number (25 to 33) of well-developed long interantennal ventral setae; this contrasts with the morphological character state proposed by Hodgson (1994) as a diagnostic character of the genus (&lt;30 well-developed long ventral setae between antennae), and differs from most of its congeners. However, most of the type specimens have fewer than 30 well-developed long ventral setae between the antennae, and only two of the paratypes have more than 30 (31 and 33 respectively).</p> <p>Poaspis Koteja, 1978 is considered by some taxonomists to be the genus most closely related to Luzulaspis (Çalýþkan et al. 2015; Hodgson 1994; Koteja 1979b). All the type specimens of L. kinakikir sp. nov. lack dorsal tubular ducts on most of the head (Fig. 1). This character state is similar to that in L. luzulae (Dufour, 1864), the type species of Luzulaspis, but different from that in the type species of Poaspis, P. jahandiezi (Balachowsky 1932). Therefore, we have tentatively placed L. kinakikir sp. nov. in Luzulaspis.</p> <p>Koteja (1979b) split the members of Luzulaspis into five species groups, namely, Scotica, Luzulae, Bisetosa, Frontalis, and Grandis (Çalýþkan et al. 2015). Luzulaspis kinakikir sp. nov. is considered to belong to the Scotica group because it has the following features: (i) strong, conical marginal setae in a single row; and (ii) dorsal setae small, conical, or nearly parallel-sided and subequal in length. Within this group, L. kinakikir sp. nov. is similar to L. filizae Kaydan, 2015, in having: (i) setae on hind tibia relatively short (subequal or shorter than tibia width); (ii) head apex and anal lobe with marginal setae relatively longer than those on lateral margins; and (iii) stigmatic spines longer than other marginal setae. However, the new species differs from L. filizae as follows (character states of L. filizae are shown in parentheses): (i) multilocular pores each with 4–8, mostly 6 or 7, loculi (mostly each with 10–12 loculi); (ii) dorsal tubular ducts that are obviously wider than ventral tubular ducts (dorsal ducts same shape and size as the larger type of ventral ducts); and (iii) dorsal tubular ducts absent from head apex (sparsely present).</p> <p>Biology. Luzulaspis kinakikir sp. nov. was found only on a few ramets of Carex miyabei in the bed of the Pippu River, where the same plants formed a dense cluster, and it is probably a rare species. The new scale species infests indented parts of the abaxial and proximal surfaces along two mid-lateral veins of young leaves, which are Mshaped in cross section (Fig. 2a, b). While they were reared on the plants in the laboratory for a week, we observed L. kinakikir walking from old to new leaves of C. miyabei (Fig. 2c, d), so the adult females are able to walk during the maturation stages before oviposition. The adult male and the life cycle of L. kinakikir are unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet “kinakikir” is a new compound noun based on the language of the local indigenous Ainu people on Hokkaido Island. “ Kina ” refers to grass and sedge, and “Kikir” refers to a bug in the Ainu language. The epithet is used in apposition. In a few Ainu local dialects, “Kina-kikir” may also refer to the larvae of some lepidopteran species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6558787DE3E7054F1D6FD1197B9FB5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka;Sasaki, Daisuke;Kamitani, Satoshi	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3A7054F1D6FAFD93C6F9A2.text	B6558787DE3A7054F1D6FAFD93C6F9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luzulaspis Cockerell 1902	<div><p>Key to adult females of species of Luzulaspis in Japan</p> <p>(modified from Koteja 1979b).</p> <p>1(0) Dorsal setae almost all of same shape and size.............................................................. 2</p> <p>- Dorsal setae of different shapes and sizes........................................... L. bisetosa Borchsenius, 1952</p> <p>2(1) Dorsal setae all conical and spine-like, short and subequal in length....................... L. kinakikir Tanaka sp. nov.</p> <p>- Dorsal setae all hair-like, long and subequal in length................................. L. caricicola (Lindinger, 1957)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6558787DE3A7054F1D6FAFD93C6F9A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka;Sasaki, Daisuke;Kamitani, Satoshi	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
B6558787DE3A7055F1D6F9A393C6FDFB.text	B6558787DE3A7055F1D6F9A393C6FDFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luzulaspis Cockerell 1902	<div><p>Key to adult females of species in Luzulaspis (Scotica group)</p> <p>(modified from Koteja 1979b; Koteja &amp; Howell 1979; Kozstarab &amp; Kozár 1988; and Çalýþkan et al. 2015).</p> <p>1(0) Antennae situated distinctly closer to apex of labrum than to anterior body margin. Large marginal setae on head twice as long as those on lateral margin. Medial parts of thorax without long ventral setae.......... L. americana Koteja &amp; Howell, 1979</p> <p>- Antennae situated half-way between apex of labrum and anterior body margin, or slightly closer to labrum. Large marginal setae on head and lateral margin subequal in length. Medial parts of thorax with long ventral setae..................... 2</p> <p>2(1) Inner edge of tibia with setae subequal to or shorter than tibia width............................................. 3</p> <p>- Inner edge of tibia with setae at least twice as long as tibia width................................................ 7</p> <p>3(2) Marginal setae all subequal in length, with rounded apices. Antenna 290–360 μm long... L. minima Koteja &amp; Howell, 1979</p> <p>- Marginal setae on head and anal lobes conspicuously longer than other marginal setae, with pointed apices. Antenna 360–440 μm long............................................................................................. 4</p> <p>4(3) Two of apical marginal setae on head, and apical setae of anal lobe, thick, each with base twice as thick as that of other marginal setae or more......................................................................... L. rajae Kozár, 1981</p> <p>- Thickest 2 apical marginal setae on head, and apical setae of anal lobe, each only slightly thicker than other marginal setae, never more than twice as thick........................................................................... 5</p> <p>5(4) Stigmatic spines almost same length as other marginal setae............................... L. caricis (Ehrhom, 1902)</p> <p>- Stigmatic spines clearly longer than other marginal setae...................................................... 6</p> <p>6(5) Multilocular pores mostly each with 10–12 loculi. Dorsal tubular ducts same shape and size as larger type of ventral tubular duct. Dorsum of head apex with tubular ducts sparsely present................................ L. filizae Kaydan 2015</p> <p>- Multilocular pores mostly each with 4–8 loculi. Dorsal tubular ducts clearly wider than larger type of ventral tubular duct. Dorsum of head apex without tubular ducts........................................... L. kinakikir Tanaka sp. nov.</p> <p>7(2) Hind trochanter + femur 228–280 μm long. Antenna 372–460 μm long......................... L. dactylis Green, 1928</p> <p>- Hind trochanter + femur 312–408 μm long. Antenna 452–648 μm long........................................... 8</p> <p>8(7) Interantennal setae numbering 10–14. Marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic spines numbering 22–27 on each side. North America........................................................ L. borealis Koteja &amp; Howell, 1979</p> <p>- Interantennal setae numbering 13–31. Marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic spines numbering 26–39 on each side. Europe........................................................................ L. scotica Green, 1926</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6558787DE3A7055F1D6F9A393C6FDFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka;Sasaki, Daisuke;Kamitani, Satoshi	Tanaka, Hirotaka, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kamitani, Satoshi (2021): A new species of the genus Luzulaspis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Zootaxa 4985 (3): 414-422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.8
