identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
512387A3FFBAFFD7B9BB291FC987FE49.text	512387A3FFBAFFD7B9BB291FC987FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphessobrycon langeanii Lima & Moreira 2003	<div><p>Hyphessobrycon langeanii, new species Figs. 1 - 4</p> <p>Holotype. MZUSP 75127 (50.4 mm SL): Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia, córrego Mosquito, km 476.3 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°25’8”S, 53°13’60”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 19 May 2001.</p> <p>Paratypes. All localities in Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia, unless noted otherwise: MZUSP 73313 (166, 8 cs, 15.4-58.5 mmSL); MCZ 162370 (5,29.5-31.8 mmSL); USNM 371922 (5, 26.3-31.8 mm SL);DZSJRP 5467 (5,28.7-34.0 mm SL); ZUEC 6174 (5,26.7- 31.7 mm SL); samedataasholotype. MZUSP 73322 (97, 12.8-34.8 mm SL), córrego do Sapinho, km 474.4 of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.24278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.431944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.24278/lat -17.431944)">Ferronorte</a> railroad, 17°25’55”S, 53°14’34”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 19May 2001. MZUSP 73256 (259, 8.1-34.3 mm SL); MNRJ 24780 (5, 22.5-30.4 mm SL); córrego Gordura, km 491.4 of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.272778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.305555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.272778/lat -17.305555)">Ferronorte</a> railroad, 17°18’20”S, 53°16’22”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 15 May 2001. MZUSP 73272 (27,14.1-37.7 mmSL), córrego Boiadeiro, km 487.08 of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.248055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.333612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.248055/lat -17.333612)">Ferronorte</a> railroad, 17°20’1”S, 53°14’53”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 16 May 2001. MZUSP 73362 (43, 14.6-29.0 mm SL), córrego do Rancho, below <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.414448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.27" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.414448/lat -17.27)">Lagoa do Veado</a>; 17°16’12”S, 53°24’52”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 22 May 2001. MZUSP 73286 (6, 23.1-32.6mm SL), córrego Jaguatirica, km 496.46 of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.296944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.27389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.296944/lat -17.27389)">Ferronorte</a> railroad, 17°16’26”S, 53°17’49”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 17 May 2001. MZUSP 73309 (30, 15.5-32.1 mm SL), córrego Bandeira, km 478.35 of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.225555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.401388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.225555/lat -17.401388)">Ferronorte</a> railroad, 17°24’5”S, 53°13’32”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 18 May 2001. MZUSP 41405 (62, 13.6-29.0 mm SL), córrego do <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.4/lat -17.266666)">Rancho</a> (headwaters) at swamp close to the road, c. 17°16’S, 53°24’W; L. P.S. Portugal &amp; F. Langeani, 8 March 1989. MNRJ 20351 (2, 21.7-24.0 mm SL), córrego do <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.338055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.213335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.338055/lat -17.213335)">Rancho</a>, BR-364, 17°12’48”S, 53°20’17”W; F.A.G. Melo, P.A. Buckup and M. R.S. Melo, 13 Feb 2000. MZUSP 41451 (99, 15.8-32.3 mm SL), Goiás, município de Santa Rita do Araguaia, córrego <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.183334/lat -17.533333)">Empantanado</a>, fazenda “Heral” (Herval in a map consulted) (c. 17°32’S, 53°11’W); L. P.S. Portugal &amp; F. Langeani, 7 February 1989.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Hyphessobrycon langeanii can be distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a single well-defined, round to horizontally oval humeral spot, similar to the one found in species of the Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus) complex (vs. humeral spot absent, double, or variously developed, never round to horizontally oval). It can also be distinguished from its congeners, except H. reticulatus Ellis, by the combination of a reticulate dark pigmentation pattern, a broad, horizontally-elongate caudal-peduncle blotch, a narrow dark stripe extending along the central caudal-fin rays, 5 or 6 horizontal scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line, 4 or 5 horizontal scale rows between the lateral line and the pelvic-fin origin, and 15-20 branched anal-fin rays. Hyphessobrycon langeanii can be distinguished from H. reticulatus by the possession of a conspicuous, dark round to oval humeral spot (vs. relatively faint, vertically-elongate humeral spot), a horizontally-elongate caudal-peduncle blotch (vs. vertically-elongate caudal-peduncle blotch), the midlateral dark stripe relatively wide and faint (vs. midlateral dark stripe extremely narrow and well-defined), and infraorbitals 3 and 4 co-ossified (vs. separated).</p> <p>Description. Morphometric data of the holotype and paratypes are presented in Table 1. Body compressed, moderately slender, greatest body depth at pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from upper lip to vertical through middle of orbit; slightly concave from latter point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Predorsal profile of body convex, dorsal-fin base posteroventrally inclined, straight to slightly convex in smaller individuals (less than 50 mm SL), and convex in larger specimens (see Figs. 2-3). Body profile straight to convex from end of base of dorsal fin to adipose fin; slightly concave between latter point to origin of dorsalmost procurrent caudal-fin ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from lower lip to vertical through pectoral-fin insertion; slightly convex from latter point to pelvic-fin insertion. Ventral profile between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin straight. Body profile along anal-fin base straight to slightly convex and posterodorsally slanted. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave.</p> <p>Jaws equal, mouth terminal.Maxilla reaching middle of orbit. Premaxillary teeth in two rows (Fig. 4). Outer row with 2(2), 3(16), or 4*(45) uni- to tricuspid teeth. Inner row with 4(8) tetrato hexacuspid teeth. Maxilla with 1(8) tri- to pentacuspid tooth. Dentary with 4(8) large, tetra- to heptacuspid teeth followed by 4(1), 5(5), 6(1), or 7(1) smaller uni- to tricuspid teeth.</p> <p>Scales cycloid, with few radii. Lateral line incompletely pored, with 6(4),7(6), 8*(13), 9(18), 10(11), 11(3), or12(1)perforated scales. Lateralseriesscalesincludingperforatedscales 30(1), 31(6), 32(17), 33*(16), 34(10), 35(5), or 36(1). Horizontal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5(7) or 6*(49), not including scale of predorsal series situated just anterior to first dorsal-fin ray. Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion 4*(53) or 5(3). Predorsal scales 10*(8), 11(33), 12(13), or 13(2). Circumpeduncular scales 12(10), 13*(26), or 14(20).Single row of 5-7 scales covering base of anterior most anal-fin rays.</p> <p>50.4 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia, Dorsal-fin rays typically ii,9, ii, 8 in one specimen. Dorsalfin origin at middle of standard length. Base of last dorsal-fin ray at vertical through anal-fin origin. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 10th(2) or 11th(6) vertebra. Adipose fin present, but vestigial in one specimen. Anal-fin rays iii,15(1), 16(2), 17(11), 18*(28), 19(10), or 20(4). First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind hemal spine of 16th(5) or 17th(2) vertebra. Pectoral-fin rays i,10(14), 11*(22), 12(19), or 13(1). Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,6*(3) or i,7(53). Caudal fin forked, lobes rounded, and similar in size. Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9(8). Ten (2), 11(1), 12(1), or 13(3) dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, and 9(1), 10(3), 11(2), or 12(1) ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. First gill arch with 5(1), or 6(7) epibranchial, 7(5), or 8(3) ceratobranchial, 1(8) on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and 1(2), or 2(6) hypobranchial gill-rakers. Four (8) branchiostegal rays, 3(8) on anterior ceratohyal, and 1(8) on posterior ceratohyal. Vertebrae 31(1), 32(3), 33(3), or 34(1). Supraneurals 4(1), or 5(7).</p> <p>Color in alcohol. Ground color light beige. Guanine present on opercle, infraorbitals, and sides of body. Dark chromatophores densely concentrated on dorsal surface of head, and anterior surface of lower jaw. Small, dark chromatophores present on maxilla, ventral margin of orbit, and first and second infraorbitals; remaining infraorbitals with larger and more scattered dark chromatophores. Ventral portion of head pale, almost devoid of dark chromatophores. Dorsal midline of body with dense concentration of dark chromatophores. Dark chromatophores concentrated mainly on posterior margin of scales of dorsolateral portion of body, resulting in a reticulate pattern. Ventrolateral portion of body with fewer dark chromatophores, present mainly on posterior margin of scales. Humeral spot well-defined, black, and round to horizontally oval. Thin vertical lines extend posterodorsally and anteroventrally from humeral spot. Narrow dark, midlateral stripe running from immediately posterior to humeral spot to caudal-peduncle blotch. Caudal-peduncle blotch large, welldefined, and horizontally-elongate, its depth ranging from half to two-thirds of caudal peduncle depth (compare Figs.1- 3; notice that Fig. 2 is slightly overexposed and consequently caudal peduncle blotch is not so conspicuous). Narrow, dark stripe on three middle caudal-fin rays running from caudalpeduncle blotch to distal margin of fin. Remaining portions of caudal fin with scattered dark chromatophores. Dorsal and anal fins hyaline, with small dark chromatophores scattered on interradial fin membranes; chromatophores more concentrated on distal portion of five anterior dorsal-fin rays, and distal margin of anal fin. Pectoral and pelvic fins almost hyaline, with few dark chromatophores. Adipose fin dusky.</p> <p>Color in life. Description based on three photographed specimens (MZUSP 73272, 2 ex, 31.8-37.7 mm SL; MZUSP 73313, 1 ex, 58.5 mm SL; Figs.2-3). Ground color beige. Sides of head, and body golden. All fins, except pelvic fin, yellow. Pelvic fin and anterior portion of anal fin orange.</p> <p>might indicate a tolerance of broader ecological conditions by Hyphessobrycon langeanii than is the case of its congeners in the upper rio Araguaia (see “Ecological notes” of H. eilyos and H. weitzmanorum, below).</p> <p>Stomach contents of two cleared and stained individuals yielded ants, a beetle, chironomid larvae, unidentified Microcrustacea, diatoms and filamentous algae.</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named after our colleague Francisco Langeani, who first collected the new species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/512387A3FFBAFFD7B9BB291FC987FE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lima, Flávio C. T.;Moreira, Cristiano R.	Lima, Flávio C. T., Moreira, Cristiano R. (2003): Three new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Araguaia basin in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 1 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252003000100003, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252003000100003&lng=en&tlng=en
512387A3FFBFFFD5BA87281FCF2EFADC.text	512387A3FFBFFFD5BA87281FCF2EFADC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphessobrycon eilyos Lima & Moreira 2003	<div><p>Hyphessobrycon eilyos, new species</p> <p>Figs. 6-7</p> <p>Holotype. MZUSP 75126 (22.3 mm SL): Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia, ribeirão do Sapo, km 464.04 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°31’11”S, 53°15’33”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 21 May 2001.</p> <p>Geographic distribution. Hyphessobrycon langeanii is known from several streams in the upper rio Araguaia basin, states of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Ecological notes. We observed Hyphessobrycon langeanii in schools, generally at midwater, sometimes associated with an unidentified Astyanax species. Habitats occupied by the species ranged from relatively large, deep, clearwater streams partially covered with aquatic vegetation (i.e., ribeirão do Sapo, córrego Gordura) to shallow, small streams with flooded areas (i.e., córrego Mosquito). Hyphessobrycon langeanii was collected syntopically with H. weitzmanorum at córrego Gordura, córrego Boiadeiro, córrego do Sapinho, and córrego do Mosquito, with H. eilyos at córrego do Rancho, and with both species at the ribeirão do Sapo. The occurrence of Hyphessobrycon langeanii in a broad number of sites, even in highly degraded, silted streams such as córrego Bandeira,</p> <p>Paratypes. All localities in Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia: MZUSP 73344 (11, 15.0- 23.3 mm SL), same data as holotype. MZUSP 73363 (1, 22.1 mm SL), córrego do Rancho, below lagoa do <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.414448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.27" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.414448/lat -17.27)">Veado</a>, 17°16’12”S, 53°24’52”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 22 May 2001. MZUSP 41406 (179, 5 cs, 14.6-24.7 mm SL); MCZ 162371 (5, 20.4-23.6 mm SL); USNM 371923 (5, 19.5-23.1 mm SL); MNRJ 24781 (5, 21.6-22.1mm SL), córrego do Rancho (headwaters), swamp near the road, approx. 17°16’S, 53°24’W; L. P.S. Portugal &amp; F. Langeani, 8 March 1989.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Hyphessobrycon eilyos is distinguished from its congeners by the absence of humeral and caudal spots; by the presence of numerous dark chromatophores on the lateral surface of the body, with the chromatophores intensely concentrated on the ventral region from the pelvic-fin origin to the end of the caudal-fin base; dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins with carmine red pigmentation in life; the presence of 7- 11 maxillary teeth; 6 or 7 horizontal scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line; and 15 to 19 branched anal-fin rays. Detailed comparisons between H. eilyos and congeners sharing a general dark color pattern are presented in the “Discussion”, below.</p> <p>Description. Morphometric data of the holotype and paratypes are presented in Table 2. Body compressed, moderately deep, greatest body depth immediately anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from upper lip to vertical through middle of the orbit; straight to slightly concave from latter point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Predorsal profile of body convex, dorsal-fin base straight to slightly convex, posteroventrally inclined. Body profile straight to convex from end of dorsal-fin base to adipose fin; slightly concave between latter point and origin of dorsal most procurrent caudal-fin ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from lower lip to pelvic-fin origin. Body profile straight from pelvic-fin insertion to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted and slightly concave to slightly convex. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave.</p> <p>Jaws unequal, mouth terminal, anteroventral end of dentary protruding slightly. Maxilla extends posteriorly to under middle of orbit. Premaxillary teeth in two rows (Fig. 7). Outer row with 3(7) uni- to tricuspid teeth. Inner row with 6(7) tri- to pentacuspid teeth. Maxilla with 7(2), 8(3), 9(1), or 11(1), uni- to tricuspid teeth. Dentary with 4(3), 5(3), or 6(1) large tricuspid teeth followed by 9(1), 11(3), 12(2), or 14(1) smaller uni- to tricuspid teeth.</p> <p>Scales cycloid, with few radii. Lateral line incompletely pored, with 3(1), 4(7), 5(18), 6*(13), or 8(1) perforated scales. Lateral series scales including perforated scales 28(1), 29(2), 30*(10), 31(5), 32(1), or 33(1). Horizontal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6*(26) or 7(16), not including scale of predorsal series situated just anterior to first dorsalfin ray. Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvicfin origin 4*(43) or 5(3). Predorsal scales 9(1), 10*(8), 11(7), 12(4), or 13(1). Circumpeduncular scales 11(1), 12(4), 13(7), or 15(1). Single row of 5-6 scales covering basis of anteriormost anal-fin rays.</p> <p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8(3), or ii,9*(61). Dorsal-fin origin at middle of standard length. Base of last dorsal-fin ray at vertical through just before anal-fin origin. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 9th(7) vertebra. Adipose fin typically present, but reduced in some specimens, and absent in 52 of 215 specimens examined. Unbranched anal-fin rays iii*(52) or iv(12). Branched anal fin rays 15(1), 16(4), 17*(28), 18(23), or 19(8). First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind hemal spine of 15th(1), or 16th(6) vertebra. Pectoral-fin rays i,7(1), 9(4), 10(27), 11*(29), or 12(3). Specimens up to 14.9 mm SL retaining larval pectoral fin anatomy. Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Pelvicfin rays i,5(7), 6*(56), or 9(1). Tip of pelvic fin reaching origin of anal fin. Caudal fin forked, upper and lower lobes rounded, and similar in size. Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9(4). Eight (1), 10(1), or 12(2) dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, and 9(1), 10(2), or 11(1) ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. First gill arch with 6(7) epibranchial; 1(7) on cartilage between epibranchial and ceratobranchial, 10(7) ceratobranchial, and 2(7) hypobranchial gill-rakers. Four (7) branchiostegal rays, 3(7) on anterior ceratohyal, and 1(7) on posterior ceratohyal Vertebrae 32(4), 33(2), or 34(1). Supraneurals 4(5), or 5(2).</p> <p>Color in alcohol. Ground color cream, tanner in specimens stored for long time in ethanol. Guanine present on opercle and infraorbitals. Dark chromatophores densely concentrated on dorsal surface of head, and anterior surface of lower jaw. Dark chromatophores scattered on remaining portions of head. Dorsal midline with dense concentration of small dark chromatophores. Dorso and ventrolateral portions of body with dense concentration of dark chromatophores, uniformly distributed. Humeral spot absent (apparent humeral spot in Fig. 6 is actually a result of the reduction of the musculature in that portion of the body wall). Dense concentration of deep-lying dark chromatophores along ventral midline, more concentrated from pelvic-fin insertion to posterior portion of anal-fin base. Chromatophores on caudal-fin base absent, resulting in a light area. Caudal fin with dark chromatophores concentrated on middle rays and distal margin. Dorsal fin with concentration of dark chromatophores along distal margin. Anal fin with heavy concentration of dark chromatophores, mainly on interradial fin membrane. Pectoral, pelvic, and adipose fins with dense concentration of dark chromatophores.</p> <p>Color in life. Description based on photograph of the holotype (MZUSP 75126). Ground color dark gray. Sides of head, and body silvery. Dorsal and adipose fins bright red. Caudal fin bright red, except for distal portion of caudal-fin lobes.</p> <p>Geographic distribution. Hyphessobrycon eilyos is known from córrego do Rancho and ribeirão do Sapo, both tributaries of the upper rio Araguaia basin in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Ecological notes. At the ribeirão do Sapo(Fig. 8), the type-locality, Hyphessobrycon eilyos was only collected in backwaters of the stream. These backwaters were characteristically tea-colored, contrasting with the clear water of the mainstream, and were choked with vegetable debris from the adjacent riparian forest.Our limited collecting activity at the Córrego do Rancho did not allow us to ascertain what microhabitat was occupied by Hyphessobrycon eilyos, but presumably the species is associated with large flooded areas with abundant aquatic vegetation present in that stream. For remarks on its syntopy with H. langeanii and H. weitzmanorum, see “Ecological notes” under H. langeanii.</p> <p>Etymology. From the Greek eilyos, den, lurking-place, in allusion to the habitat (backwaters choked with vegetal matter) occupied by the new species (and according to local information, shared with anacondas, Eunectes murinus). A noun in apposition.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/512387A3FFBFFFD5BA87281FCF2EFADC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lima, Flávio C. T.;Moreira, Cristiano R.	Lima, Flávio C. T., Moreira, Cristiano R. (2003): Three new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Araguaia basin in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 1 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252003000100003, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252003000100003&lng=en&tlng=en
512387A3FFBDFFDABAD52E8BC949FD09.text	512387A3FFBDFFDABAD52E8BC949FD09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum Lima & Moreira 2003	<div><p>Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum, new species Figs. 9-10</p> <p>Holotype. MZUSP 73315 (male, 22.1 mm SL): Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia, córrego Mosquito, km 476.3 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°25’8”S, 53°13’60”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 19 May 2001.</p> <p>Paratypes. All localities in Brazil, Mato Grosso, município de Alto Araguaia: MZUSP 73314 (93, 5 cs, 13.9-25.5 mm SL); MCZ 162372 (5, 18.2-22.6 mm SL); USNM 371924 (5, 19.7-20.7 mm SL), same data as holotype. MZUSP 73317 (26, 12.6-20.0 mm SL), córrego do Sapinho, km 474.64 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°25’55”S, 53°14’34”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 19 May 2001. MZUSP 73342 (25, 12.6-21.4 mm SL), ribeirão de Sapo, km 464.04 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°31’11”S, 53°15’33”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 21 May 2001. MZUSP 73271 (20, 12.9- 22.1 mm SL), córrego Boiadeiro, km 487.08 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°20’1”S, 53°14’53”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 16 May 2001. MZUSP 73254 (49, 10.3-22.3 mm SL); MNRJ 24782 (5, 18.3-19.7 mm SL), córrego Gordura, km 491.4 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°18’20”S, 53°16’22”W; C. R. Moreira &amp; F.C. T. Lima, 15 May 2001.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is distinguished from all congeners, except H. tortuguerae Böhlke, H. bifasciatus Ellis, H. savagei Bussing, H. flammeus Myers, H. griemi Hoedeman, H. balbus Myers, H. itaparicensis Lima &amp; Costa, and H. columbianus Zarske &amp; Géry, by possessing two humeral spots. Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is distinguished from H. bifasciatus, H. savagei, H. flammeus, H. tortuguerae, H. griemi, H. itaparicensis, and H. columbianus by possessing a general dark color pattern, due to a high concentration of dark chromatophores uniformly distributed over the lateral surfaces of the body (vs. a general clear color pattern, with few, scattered chromatophores over the lateral surfaces of the body). Additionally, Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum differs from H. bifasciatus, H. griemi, and H. tortuguerae by possessing two intensely pigmented, vertically-elongate humeral spots (vs. second humeral blotch fainter in H. bifasciatus; first humeral blotch fainter in H. griemi; and both humeral blotches small, not vertically-elongate in H. tortuguerae). Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is distinguished from H. flammeus and H.</p> <p>savagei by possessing wide humeral blotches, with somewhat rounded margins (vs. humeral blotches narrow, with straight margins). Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is distinguished from H. balbus in possessing 5-9 perforated lateral line scales (vs. 11-22) and in having the second humeral blotch intensely pigmented (vs. very faint). Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is distinguished from H. itaparicensis Lima &amp; Costa (2001) by possessing a lower number of branched anal-fin rays (17-21, vs. 22-25) and lack of a midlateral, horizontal stripe, crimson in life, that extends from the vertical just posterior of the dorsalfin origin to the caudal peduncle. Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is distinguished from H. columbianus Zarske &amp; Géry (2002), by possessing a lower number of branched anal-fin rays (17-21, vs. 23-24) and orange pigmentation in life on the caudal, anal, dorsal and pelvic fins (vs. red pigmentation on caudal, and anal).</p> <p>Description. Morphometric data of the holotype and paratypes are presented in Table 3. Body compressed,</p> <p>moderately deep, greatest body depth at vertical through middle of distance between pectoral- and pelvic-fin insertions. Dorsal profile of head convex from upper lip to vertical through middle of orbit; slightly concave from latter point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Predorsal profile of body convex, dorsalfin base straight to slightly convex, posteroventrally inclined. Body profile straight to convex from end of dorsal-fin base to adipose fin; slightly concave to slightly convex between latter point to origin of dorsalmost procurrent caudal-fin ray. Ventral profile of head and body convex from lower lip to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base straight to slightly convex and posterodorsally inclined. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave to slightly convex.</p> <p>Jaws equal, mouth terminal. Maxilla reaching posteriorly to first third of the orbit. Premaxillary teeth in two rows (Fig. 11). Outer row with 2(4) unicuspid teeth. Inner row with 5(1) or 6(3) uni- to tricuspid teeth. Maxilla with 3(1), 4(2), 5(1), or 6(1), unito tricuspid teeth. Dentary with 4(4) or 5(1) large tri- to tetracuspid teeth followed by 7 to 11 smaller unicuspid teeth.</p> <p>Scales cycloid, with few radii. Lateral line incompletely pored, with 5(5), 6(12), 7(15), 8(4), or 9(2) perforated scales. Lateral series scales including perforated scales 31(12), 32(10), 33*(11), 34(4), or 35(1). Horizontal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6(17) or 7(23), not including scale of predorsal series situated just anterior to first dorsal-fin ray. Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4(2), 5(34), and 6(3). Predorsal scales 9*(10), 10(20), 11(2), or 13(1). Circumpeduncular scales 12(1), 13(17), 14*(9), or 15(1). Single row of 4-6 scales cover base of anteriormost anal-fin rays.</p> <p>Dorsal-fin rays iii,8*(32), iv,8(1), ii,9(16), iii,9(2), or ii,10(1). Dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to middle of the standard length. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 8th(4), or 9th(1) vertebra. Adipose fin present. Unbranched anal-fin rays iii*(45), or iv(12). Branched anal-fin rays 17(9), 18*(25), 19(17), 20(5), or 21(1). Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through antepenultimate dorsal-fin rays. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind hemal spine of 14th(3), or 15th(2) vertebra. Pectoral-fin rays i,8(3), 9(28), 10*(27), or 11(1). Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through, or slightly beyond, pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,6*(59). Tip of pelvic fin usually reaching vertical through, or slightly beyond, anal-fin origin, but falling short of anal-fin origin in some specimens. Caudal fin forked, upper and lower lobes rounded, and similar in size. Principal caudal-fin rays 10+9(5). Ten(4), or 11(1) dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, and 8(1), 9(2) or 10(1) ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. First gill arch with 7(5) epibranchial, 8(1), 9(3), or 10(1) ceratobranchial, 1(5) on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and 2(5) hypobranchial gill-rakers. Four(5) branchiostegal rays, 3(5) on anterior ceratohyal, and 1(5) on posterior ceratohyal. Vertebrae 32(4), or 33(1). Supraneurals 4(3), or 5(1).</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism. One cleared and stained mature male (MZUSP 73314), with small hooks on unbranched, and 4 anteriormost branched pelvic-fin rays. One hook per segment usually present on distal two-thirds of rays. Anal fin with small hooks on last unbranched, and six anterior most branched rays. Usually, two paired hooks per segment on distal one-half of rays. In whole specimens, the heavy concentration of dark chromatophores makes examination of the hooks difficult.</p> <p>Color in alcohol. Ground color cream. Guanine present on opercle and infraorbitals. Dark chromatophores densely concentrated on dorsal surface of head and anterior surface of lower jaw. Small dark chromatophores present on maxilla, ventral margin of orbit, and first and second infraorbitals; remaining infraorbitals and opercle with larger and more scattered dark chromatophores. Ventral portion of head with very small, scattered, dark chromatophores. Dorsal midline of body with dense concentration of dark chromatophores. Lateral surfaces of body densely covered with dark chromatophores, less concentrated on anterior portion of abdominal cavity. Two vertically-elongate black humeral spots. Anterior humeral spot well-defined, roughly rectangular, with dark chromatophores more concentrated on its approximately dorsal one-half. Second humeral spot less defined, variously shaped, with border ranging from roughly rectangular to more or less circular. Faint dark, relatively wide, midlateral stripe, extending from second humeral spot to rear of caudal peduncle. Some specimens with faint dark stripe running along anal-fin base. Densely concentrated dark chromatophores present on fins, most prominently on dorsal and anal fins. Caudal fin with middle rays more darkly pigmented than remainder of fin.</p> <p>Color in life. Based on four photographed exs (MZUSP 73314, 2 exs, 21.5-23.4 mm SL; MZUSP 73254, 1 ex, 20.7 mm SL; MZUSP 73271, 1 ex, 22.7 mm SL; Fig. 10). Dorsolateral portion of body and caudal peduncle gray to dark gray. Sides of head silvery. Ventrolateral portion of body, except on caudal peduncle, grayish pale, with bluish, bright silvery coloration. Deep gray stripe present on anal-fin base. Dorsal and ventral midlines bright orange. Orange pigmentation present on basal portion of dorsal and caudal fin, distal portion of anal-fin lobe, and pelvic fin. Black stripe extends along middle caudalfin rays.</p> <p>Geographic distribution. Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum is known from tributaries of the upper rio Araguaia basin in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Ecological notes. Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum was usually collected in relatively large, clearwater streams with abundant aquatic vegetation. The single exception was the type locality, córrego Mosquito, which was a first-order, relatively small stream running through a large wetland covered by tall grass. In all streams, H. weitzmanorum was observed in small groups of 2-5 individuals, that were sometimes apparently associated with Cnesterodon septentrionalis (Poeciliidae). Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum was always associated with submerged vegetation. Córrego Gordura, where more detailed subaquatic observations of H. weitzmanorum were conducted, was a wide stream (6-10 m), with deep, sandybottomed pools (2-4 m) alternating with shallow, vegetationcovered riffles (0.30-1 m). In this stream, H. weitzmanorum was often seen at sites along steep banks just below the riffles, with abundant vegetation and slow-flowing water. Individuals positioned in those locations undertook brief incursions into the fast-flowing water in higher portions of the water column, in order to pick drifting items in the current. Some North American cyprinids have also been reported to hover outside strong currents, darting into it to pick up drifting items (Matthews, 1998: 314, 414). For remarks on the syntopy of H. weitzmanorum with H. langeanii and H. eilyos, see “Ecological notes” above under H. langeanii.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name honors Stanley and Marilyn Weitzman, for their life-long interest and extensive contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical freshwater fishes. Including are several papers addressing the systematics of Hyphessobrycon and related genera.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/512387A3FFBDFFDABAD52E8BC949FD09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lima, Flávio C. T.;Moreira, Cristiano R.	Lima, Flávio C. T., Moreira, Cristiano R. (2003): Three new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Araguaia basin in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 1 (1): 21-33, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252003000100003, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252003000100003&lng=en&tlng=en
