taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F687C85935227C76D9A970FF38FA3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Dolichognatha nietneri O. P. - Cambridge, 1869.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C85935227C76D9A970FF38FA3D.taxon	description	Atimiosa Simon, 1895, new synonymy, type species Atimiosa quinquemucronata Simon, 1895. JUSTIFICATION FOR THE SYNONYMY: The holotype of Atimiosa quinquemucronata is a subadult female. Describing new taxa based on juvenile specimens was common before the early 20 th century. The validity of taxa based on such specimens is often difficult to assess because genital morphology cannot be examined and they are subsequently neglected or treated as nomina dubia. Fortunately, A. quinquemucronata shares some easily recognizable somatic features with the genus Dolichognatha, such as the separated lateral eyes, PME smaller than the lateral eyes, and the absence of fourth femur trichobothria in females. The size and distribution of the eyes are particularly relevant, as those are among the most important diagnostic characters of Dolichognatha. The pointed tip of the abdomen and the shape of the labium and sternum are also as in Dolichognatha. Based on these observations and the results from our cladistic analyses (figs. 9; 10), we transfer all Atimiosa species to Dolichognatha, which renders the former genus into a junior synonym of Dolichognatha.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C85935227C76D9A970FF38FA3D.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: The genus Dolichognatha can be most easily distinguished from close relatives (Meta and Metellina) by the very long male chelicerae and the characteristic shape and coloration of the prosoma. In Dolichognatha the cephalic region is rectangular in shape and elongated with dark sides (e. g., fig. 6 A). In addition, the following combination of characters differentiates Dolichognatha from other tetragnathids: aggregate spigots not embracing the flagelliform spigot, PME and PLE without canoe tapetum, PME smaller than PLE, abdomen with anterior tubercles, and horizontal orb web with closed web hub close to the substrate. PHYLOGENETICS: The monophyly of Dolichognatha is supported by all analyses and it is placed in a Metainae lineage together with the genera Meta and Metellina (figs. 9; 10), which includes also Mollemeta, Chrysometa, and Allende when k 5 4 – 7 (fig. 11). All analyses, except when k # 3, found Dolichognatha sister to Metellina. Three unambiguous synapomorphies support the monophyly of Dolichognatha (fig. 12 A): PLE larger than PME, lateral eyes separated, and anterior abdominal tubercles present. When A. quinquemucronata is excluded form the analyses the number of synapomorphies supporting Dolichognatha increases to 17 (fig. 12 B) due to the reduction of data missing from the matrix. These synapomorphies include: aggregate spigots not embracing the flagelliform spigot; apically distended conductor path; short clypeus; PME close to each other (less than one PME diameter); PME without canoe tapetum; PLE without canoe tapetum; PME smaller than PLE; lateral eyes separated; male paturon with a basal tubercle; male chelicerae larger than in female; intermediate length of copulatory ducts; short fertilization ducts; abdomen with anterior tubercles; male palpal patella without macrosetae; horizontal orb web; and closed web hub.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C85935227C76D9A970FF38FA3D.taxon	description	COMPOSITION: Dolichognatha comprises 29 described species (Platnick, 2010), including the two new combinations proposed here: D. aethiopica Tullgren, 1910; D. albida (Simon, 1895); D. baforti (Legendre, 1967); D. cygnea (Simon, 1893); D. deelemanae Smith, 2008; D. ducke Lise, 1993; D. erwini Brescovit and Cunha, 2001; D. incanescens; D. kampa Brescovit and Cunha, 2001; D. kratochvili (Lessert, 1938); D. lodiculafaciens (Hingston, 1932); D. longiceps; D. mandibularis (Thorell, 1894); D. mapia Brescovit and Cunha, 2001; D. maturaca Lise, 1993; D. minuscula (Mello- Leitão, 1940); D. nietneri; D. pentagona; D. petiti (Simon, 1884); D. pinheira l Brescovit and Cunha, 2001; D. proserpina (Mello-Leitão, 1943); D. quadrituberculata (Keyserling, 1883); D. raveni Smith, 2008; D. richardi (Marples, 1955); D. spinosa (Petrunkevitch, 1939); D. tigrina Simon, 1893; D. umbrophila Tanikawa, 1991; D. quinquemucronata (Simon, 1895), new combination; and D. comorensis (Schmidt and Krause, 1993), new combination.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C85935227C76D9A970FF38FA3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Dolichognatha has a circumtropical distribution with the highest species diversity in South America and Southeast Asia. NATURAL HISTORY: The majority of Dolichognatha species live near the ground where they build nearly horizontal orb webs (Levi, 1981; Smith, 2008 and observations reported herein). However, there are at lest some species, such as D. albida, that were reported to build vertical orb webs (Simon, 1894). Smith (2008) confirms that Dolichognatha species may live in the canopy, as specimens for her study were collected using canopyfogging techniques. Unfortunately, she did not observe the webs of these specimens. Our observations of D. longiceps webs are consistent with the descriptions of Levi (1981) and represent the most common web architecture in Dolichognatha (horizontal orbs close to the substrate).	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	description	Figures 1 A – E	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: Subadult female holotype from Sri Lanka. The only information on the label, other than the collection number and the species name, is ‘‘ Nuw. El. ’’ (MNHN 16140, examined).	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	discussion	JUSTIFICATION OF THE TRANSFER: The type specimen, which is also the only known specimen of this species, is a subadult female (fig. 1 A, E), thus it is impossible to study its genital morphology. However, it has all somatic characters diagnostic of Dolichognatha, such as: PME smaller than the PLE, PLE, and ALE separated, chelicerae slender and elongated, and femur IV without trichobothria. Even with 92.5 % missing data in the data matrix, the cladistic analyses unambiguously placed this species in a group together with the Dolichognatha species included in our analyses and with A. comorensis. Based on this cladistic hypothesis (fig. 9), we transfer A. quinquemucronata to the genus Dolichognatha.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	description	Fig. 11.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: There are three other species of Dolichognatha besides D. quinquemucronata described from Sri Lanka: D. incanescens, D. nietneri, and D. albida. This makes a reconciliation of the subadult specimen of D. quinquemucronata a very difficult task. However, the presence of characteristic abdominal tubercles in D. quinquemucronata, which differ from those of the other three Sri Lankan species, and its eye pattern, may prove useful if adults with these traits are collected. At present, as the holotype of D. quinquemucronata is a subadult specimen that cannot be identified, we suggest that it should be treated as nomen nudum.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: Holotype male from Comoros Islands, Grande Comoro, Boboni, 27. xi. 1983, elevation 600 m, R. Jocqué leg. (RMCA 160.649, examined). Continued.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593B227874A8A9E6FCA2FB57.taxon	discussion	JUSTIFICATION FOR THE TRANSFER: Morphology of the male palp of this species (presence of CBEP and metine embolic apophysis; shape of conductor and embolus) as well as eye size and arrangement are consistent with placement in the genus Dolichognatha. Transfer is further supported by the results from our cladistic analyses: parsimony analyses under equal and implied weights always, except when k # 3, found A. comorensis nested within Dolichognatha (figs. 9, 10).	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593F227976D1A903FE28F9E9.taxon	description	Figures 4 A – F; 5 A – D; 6 A – D; 7; 8	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
03F687C8593F227976D1A903FE28F9E9.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION OF THE WEB: Dolichognatha longiceps spins its orb web near the ground at the base of trees. The web that we observed was built between the buttresses of a tree. It is twodimensional with oval shape (fig. 8 A) and with a major axis of 40 cm. The web orientation is horizontal with dense spiral turns and numerous radii, without split radii (fig. 8). The web frame is an irregular polygonal shape and has numerous attachment sites (fig. 8 A). The hub is closed (fig. 8 B) and seems somewhat displaced toward one of the edges. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: One male and two females from Thale Ban National Park, Satun Province, THAILAND. N 6 ° 42 9 37.0 0, E 100 ° 10 9 09.2 0, elev. 270 m, 15 – 18. x. 2003, G. Hormiga leg. In AMNH.	en	Dimitrov, Dimitar, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Hormiga, Gustavo (2010): On the Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Atimiosa Simon, 1895, and the Circumscription of Dolichognatha O. P. - Cambridge, 1869 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3683: 1-19, DOI: 10.1206/669.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/669.1
