identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6878D460FFA8FFC464D0F8C201D1FEFC.text	6878D460FFA8FFC464D0F8C201D1FEFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wellstenhelia calliope Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 2–11)</p> <p>Type locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.68472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.8525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.68472/lat 34.8525)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 5, muddy sediments, 34.852500°N 127.684722°E (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232672), holotype’s right antennula destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification successful, Code 0122), male allotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232673), two males paratypes and one female paratype together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232674), two male paratypes and one copepodid paratype together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232675); one male destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), type locality, 30 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Calliope (Ancient Greek: Καλλιόπη), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of epic poetry and song. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case), despite the Recommendation 31A of the ICZN (1999) about avoidance of personal names as nouns in appositions, because there is no case for it being confusing or misleading. Nine Muses refer to the nine new species described in this paper.</p> <p>Description. Female (based on holotype and one paratype). Total body length, measured from tip of rostrum to distal margin of caudal rami 742 and 755 µm respectively. Colour of preserved specimens yellowish; live specimens not observed. Nauplius eye not visible. Prosome comprising cephalothorax with completely fused first pedigerous somite, and three free pedigerous somites; urosome comprising first urosomite (= fifth pedigerous somite), genital double-somite (fused genital and third urosomites) and three free urosomites (last one being anal somite). Short sclerotized joint between prosome and urosome only discernible on ventral side. Habitus (Figs. 2A, B, 10A) robust, spindle shaped in dorsal view, widest at posterior end of cephalothorax and tapering posteriorly, boundary between prosome and urosome conspicuous; prosome/urosome length ratio 1.05, but prosome much wider and more voluminous. Body length/width ratio about 3; cephalothorax 1.7 times as wide as genital doublesomite. Free pedigerous somites without lateral or dorsal expansions, pleurons only partly covering coxae of swimming legs in lateral view. Integument of all somites relatively weakly sclerotized, generally very smooth, without cuticular windows but covered with a sparse pattern of extremely minute and deep pits, only visible at highest magnifications on scanning electron microscope (such as in Fig. 11B). Hyaline fringe of all somites broad and smooth, except for fourth pedigerous somite with narrow fringe dorsally, and for anal somite without hyaline fringe. Surface ornamentation of somites and caudal rami consisting of 78 paired and five unpaired pores and sensilla (numbered with Arabic numerals consecutively from anterior to posterior end of body, and from dorsal to ventral side in Figs. 2, 3, 4), and several rows of spinules on urosomites only.</p> <p>Rostrum (Figs. 2C, 10E) large, trapezoidal, clearly demarcated at base, reaching midlength of second antennular segment, with bilobate tip, about 1.1 times as long as wide; with two dorsal sensilla near tip (no. 1) and single central dorsal pore at base (no. 2); base of rostrum about 3.4 times as wide as its anterior margin; sensilla inserted into deep recesses.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 2A, B, 3A, 10A) tapering anteriorly in dorsal view, about 0.9 times as long as wide; comprising 30% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield with two unpaired dorsal pores (nos. 14, 27), two unpaired dorsal sensilla (nos. 34, 40), 10 pairs of pores (nos. 6, 9, 10, 16, 19, 21, 28, 29, 33, 37), and 28 pairs of long sensilla (nos. 3–5, 7, 8, 11–13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22–26, 30–32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42); sensilla and pores 32–42 belonging to first pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax.</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (first free) (Figs. 2A, B, 3C, 10B) with one pair of anterior dorsal pores (no. 43) and seven pairs of long sensilla (nos. 44–50); lateral pairs of sensilla nos. 44, 50, and 49 serially homologous to pairs nos. 32, 39, and 42 on first pedigerous somite respectively; other homologies difficult to define.</p> <p>Third pedigerous somite (Figs. 2A, B, 3B, 10B) slightly smaller than second pedigerous somite, pleuron with one pair of anterior dorsal pores (no. 51) but with only five pairs of sensilla (nos. 52–56); anterior pores more widely spaced than on second pedigerous somite; recognising serially homologous pairs easier with lateral (52=44, 56=50, 55=48) than with dorsal sensilla (possibly 53=45 and 54=46).</p> <p>Fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 2A, B, D, 10B, C) much smaller and shorter than previous two somites, especially in dorsal view, pleuron with antero-lateral pair of pores (no. 57) and five pairs of sensilla (nos. 58–62); pores not serially homologous to previous two somites, but all sensilla share homologues on third pedigerous somite (58=53, 59=54, 60=55, 61=56, and 62=52).</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 2A, B, 10C) about as long as fourth pedigerous somite, with one pair of dorsal anterior pores (no. 63), one pair of lateral pores (no. 67), and three pairs of sensilla along distal margin (nos. 64–66); hyaline fringe much wider than in fourth pedigerous somite.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 2A, B, 4A, 10C) 1.4 times as wide as long (ventral view); completely fused ventrally but with deep suture indicating original segmentation between genital and third urosomites dorsolaterally, thus dividing double-somite into equally long halves; anterior half of genital double-somite 1.2 times as wide as posterior, inflated laterally; anterior part with one pair of dorso-lateral pores (no. 68), two pairs of long dorsal sensilla (nos. 69 &amp; 70), and two short rows of 6–8 strong spinules above sensilla no. 70; serially homologous pores and sensilla of anterior part of double-somite and those of first urosomite relatively easily established (i.e. 68=63, 69=64, and 70=65); posterior part with three pairs of posterior sensilla (nos. 71–73) and long row of strong spinules, interrupted dorsally between sensilla pair no. 71 and slightly ventro-laterally halfway between sensilla nos. 72 &amp; 73; establishing serially homologous sensilla of posterior and anterior part of double-somite not easy (probably only 71=70); hyaline fringe wider than in first urosomite. Female genital complex (Fig. 4A) weakly sclerotized and hardly distinguishable from internal sutures and soft tissue, copulatory pores not exposed on surface; paired genital apertures situated ventro-laterally, close to anterior margin and covered by reduced sixth legs.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 2A, B, 4A) with one pair of anterior ventro-lateral pores (no. 74), three pairs of posterior sensilla (nos. 75–77), and posterior row of spinules interrupted dorsally between dorsal pair of sensilla (no. 75) and laterally on both sides of lateral sensilla (no. 76); lateral interruption of posterior row of spinules wider than in genital double-somite; all sensilla with homologous pairs on genital double-somite (i.e. 75=71, 76=72, 77=73) but ventral pair (no. 77) much more widely spaced; hyaline fringe as wide as in genital double-somite.</p> <p>Fourth urosomite (preanal) (Figs. 2A, B, 4A) without ornamentation; hyaline fringe narrower than in third urosomite.</p> <p>Anal somite (Figs. 2A, B, 4A, 10D) clefted medially in posterior half, with one pair of large dorsal sensilla (no. 78), two pairs of lateral pores (nos. 79 &amp; 80), one pair of ventral pores (no. 81), posterior row of spinules at base of each caudal ramus, and two curved ventral rows of spinules between median cleft and ventral pores; anal operculum short, reduced to narrow and thin membrane dorsally at end of medial cleft, concave and situated anterior to dorsal sensilla, representing less than 10% of somite's width, unornamented; anal sinus with several diagonal rows of hair-like spinules on both sides of median cleft, widely open, with weakly sclerotised walls, and without chitinous projections.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 2A, B, E, F, 4A, 10D) long and slender, about twice as long as anal somite, widest at base, about 3.5 times as long as wide (ventral view), slightly divergent and nearly cylindrical, with space between them about one ramus width; armature consisting of seven setae (three lateral, one dorsal and three apical), all in posterior sixth of ramus length; ornamentation consisting of anterior ventro-median pore (no. 82), posterior ventral pore (no. 83), two or three short spinules at base of each lateral seta, three short spinules at base of innermost apical seta, and two parallel rows of long inner spinules. Dorsal seta smooth and slender, inserted close to inner margin, about half as long as caudal ramus, triarticulate at base (i.e. inserted on two pseudojoints). Lateral setae all smooth; ventralmost one longest and most slender, inserted very close to distal margin, about as long as dorsal seta; dorsalmost one strongest, about 0.7 times as long as ventralmost one, inserted more anteriorly than ventralmost one but more posterior than dorsal seta; central one half as long as dorsalmost one, also strong, inserted at about same level as dorsal seta. Inner apical seta smooth and very slender, 0.6 times as long as dorsal seta. Principal apical setae fused basally, both with breaking planes and unipinnate distally along outer margin; middle apical seta much stronger and longer, about 1.7 times as long as outer apical one and 3.5 times as long as caudal rami.</p> <p>Antennula (Fig. 4B) eight-segmented, joined to cephalotholax with small triangular pseudosegment laterally, approximately 0.8 times as long as cephalothorax, with single short posterior row of spinules and single cuticular pore on first segment. Distal posterior corner of first segment produced into sharp process. Long aesthetasc on fourth segment slender, fused basally with adjacent large seta, and reaching tip of appendage; slender apical aesthetasc on eighth segment fused basally with two apical setae, forming apical acrothek. Setal formula: 1.11.8.6+ae.2.4.4.6+ae. Seta on first segment unipinnate, all others smooth. Dorsal setae on first and second segments with breaking planes. Length ratio of antennular segments, measured along caudal margin, 1: 0.8: 1: 0.7: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 1.</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 4C) relatively short, composed of coxa, allobasis, one-segmented endopod and three-segmented exopod. Coxa short, with arched row of long posterior spinules. Allobasis longest and most robust segment of antenna, more than four times as long as coxa and about 1.1 times as long as endopod, widest at base and about three times as long as wide, with single unipinnate inner seta at about midlength and seven very long spinules along inner (convex) margin in proximal half. Endopod about as wide as distal part of allobasis, almost cylindrical, about five times as long as wide, with two surface frills subdistally, two lateral spines flanking two thin setae; apical armature consisting of seven setae, three strong, long, and geniculate, innermost one strong but short, and three short and slender; two slender apical setae fused basally; two lateral and two apical slender setae smooth; other armature pinnate; with row of long inner spinules. Exopod long and slender, almost cylindrical, about as long as allobasis but only half as wide; armature formula 1.1.4 and length ratio of segments 1: 0.15: 0.6; proximal segment with longitudinal row of strong inner spinules and transverse distal row of small anterior spinules, bearing a unipinnate seta at distomedial corner; second segment with a unipinnate setae at distomedial corner; distal segment with two arched transverse rows of small spinules anteriorly (one at midlength, the other close to distal margin), with one smooth inner seta, at about first third of its length, and three apical slender and smooth setae, which all fused basally.</p> <p>Labrum large and complex tri-dimensional structure, trapezoidal in anterior view, rigidly sclerotized, with relatively wide and somewhat convex cutting edge, subapically with row of strong spinules and many rows of slender spinules apically and along posterior surface.</p> <p>Paragnaths also forming complex tri-dimensional structure, trilobate, with two ellipsoid anterior lobes and one central posterior lobe, all fused at base, all lobes with numerous rows of slender anterior and apical spinules; posterior surface smooth.</p> <p>Mandibula (Fig. 5A, B) with wide cutting edge on relatively short coxa, with two strong bicuspidate teeth ventrally, distally with long and slender central seta, eight bicuspidate teeth dorsally, and single dorsal unipinnate seta fused basally to tooth; teeth progressively decrease in size from ventral to dorsal side; dorsal seta only slightly longer but much stronger than central seta, and about twice as long as longest tooth; no ornamentation on coxa. Palp biramous, comprising basis, one-segmented exopod, and one-segmented endopod. Basis with somewhat inflated central part, about twice as long as wide, with three slender and smooth distal outer setae, with two arched rows of spinules in distal half. Exopod 0.75 times as long as basis and half as wide, narrowest medially, curved back towards coxa and parallel with basis, with three lateral and six apical smooth setae; all lateral and two apical setae slender, four apical setae strong and geniculate, one of them (Fig. 5A) more than five times as long as exopod. Endopod only half as long as exopod, 2.7 times as long as wide, with one inner, three apical, and two outer slender and subapical setae; proximal outer seta bipinnate, other smooth.</p> <p>Maxillula (Fig. 5C) composed of praecoxa, coxa, basis, one-segmented endopod, and one-segmented exopod; endopod and exopod fused basally. Praecoxa large; arthrite rectangular, with three posterior spinules near dorsal margin and one spinule at base of ventralmost apical spine, apically and subapically with eight strong curved spines, each with a dense tuft of distal spinules along convex margin. Coxa with anterior arched row of long spinules, endite shorter than praecoxal arthrite, apically (on inner margin) with one curved and stout, bipinnate seta, and two smooth and slender setae. Basis smaller than coxa with two endites reaching further medially than coxal endite, almost in line with praecoxal arthrite, with five spinules and three setae on dorsal endite, and four setae on ventral endite; only two setae on dorsal endite bipinnate, others smooth. Endopod minute, rectangular, with four slender and smooth apical setae. Exopod smaller than endopod, with two slender and smooth apical setae.</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 5D) composed of large syncoxa, small basis and even smaller one-segmented endopod. Syncoxa with four rows of outer long spinules and with three endites; dorsal endite smallest, bilobate, with four setae, three of which strong and pinnate; central endite slender, with two pinnate setae, dorsal seta strong, with one spinule almost as strong as seta, giving it bifurcate appearance; ventral endite longest and strongest, with three strong, pinnate setae. Basis slightly larger than ventral endite of syncoxa, apically with two strong and geniculate, unipinnate spines, and two slender setae on ventral and posterior surfaces. Endopod only about 0.35 times as long as basis, 1.2 times as long as wide, with five slender and smooth apical setae, all equal in length.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Fig. 5E) not prehensile, four-segmented, composed of coxa, basis, and two-segmented endopod. Coxa short, almost triangular, unarmed and unornamented. Basis largest and longest segment, about 2.3 times as long as wide and 2.5 times as long as coxa, with longitudinal row of slender inner spinules and row of shorter anterior spinules at base of three inner distal spiniform setae; all setae close to each other, strong and of similar length, two unipinnate with large pinnules, one bipinnate with smaller pinnules. First endopodal segment 0.6 times as long as basis but slightly wider, almost ovoid in shape, with two parallel longitudinal rows of large inner spinules, one of them continuing as transverse distal row on posterior surface, and another row of five long outer spinules; with two slender distomedial plumose setae, shorter anterior seta reaching beyond second endopodal segment, longer seta situated posteriorly. Second endopodal segment minute, nearly rectangular, apically with two subequal smooth and slender setae.</p> <p>All swimming legs (Fig. 6) of similar size and long in comparison to body length, composed of small triangular and unarmed praecoxa, large rectangular and unarmed coxa, shorter and nearly pentagonal basis, slender three-segmented exopod, slender two- or three-segmented endopod; pair of legs joined by simple intercoxal sclerite.</p> <p>First swimming leg (Fig. 6A) with smooth and short intercoxal sclerite, its distal margin nearly straight. Praecoxa somewhat triangular, longer than intercoxal sclerite but shorter than coxa, unornamented. Coxa 1.5 times as wide as long, with longitudinal row of long inner spinules, four shorter transverse rows of smaller anterior spinules proximally, distal row of slender spinules and outer row of small spinules at base of basis. Basis with one short but strong and finely bipinnate outer spine and one longer and stronger inner spine; the latter 1.6 times as long as the former, with strong pinnules on both sides, and one long distomedial pinnule; ornamentation of basis consists of three strong inner spinules, an anterodistal row of slender spinules at base of endopod, and several strong spinules at base of both spines. Exopod with all segments of about same length, each about 2.5 times as long as wide and with outer spinules and subdistally on anterior surface; first segment with four inner slender spinules; first two segments with single strong and finely bipinnate distolateral spine; second segment with slender distomedial seta; third segment with two strong and pinnate outer spines and two setae apically; apical setae not prehensile, with short outer pinnules and long and sparse inner pinnules; length ratio of elements on third segment from outer to inner margin 1: 1.5: 2.1: 3.1. Endopod two-segmented, not prehensile, only slightly shorter than exopod; first endopodal segment 1.2 times as long as first exopodal segment and 2.3 times as long as wide, with strong inner and anterodistal spinules, with single bipinnate inner seta, the latter slender and about 0.6 times as long as segment; second segment slender, about 5.6 times as long as wide and 1.2 times as long as first segment, with continuous longitudinal row of strong outer spinules, with two slender inner seta, one strong and long apical spine, and another shorter spine distolaterally; apical spine about as long as inner distal seta, 1.9 times as long as outer distal spine, and 1.5 times as long as second segment but only about 0.7 times as long as longest exopodal seta.</p> <p>Second swimming leg (Fig. 6B), intercoxal sclerite with transverse distal row of small anterior spinules, distal margin deeply concave. Praecoxa short, unornamented. Coxa nearly 1.7 times as wide as long, anteriorly with pore and short row of long spinules near distomedial corner and two longer rows of spinules close to outer margin, proximal spinules smaller than distal ones. Basis with smooth, short and slender outer spine; inner distal corner produced into long and sharp process; anteriorly with distal row of small spinules and short row of long spinules close to inner margin; spine with two small spinules at base. First exopodal segment widest, third segment slender and about 3.6 times as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as second segment, and 1.4 times as long as first one; segments with single anterior pore, and outer and distal spinules (those on outer margin much stronger), and with inner distall frill on first two segments; first and second segments with single strong and finely bipinnate outer distal spine and slender bipinnate inner dista seta; third segment with three strong and finely bipinnate outer spines, two apical strong and bipinnate setae, and two slender and bipinnate inner setae; inner apical seta on third segment longest, about 1.7 times as long as outer apical one, twice as long as third segment, and 2.6 times as long as outer distal spine; outer distal corner of first and second segment produced into spiniform process. Endopod threesegmented, 1.1 times as long as exopod; all segments of about same length, but progressively narrower from proximal to distal end, each with outer distal corner produced into strong spiniform process and inner distal corner also spiniformly produced (though much less strongly than in exopod), each with row of strong outer spinules, first two segments additionally with small inner distal frill, and first and third segments with anterior cuticular pore; armature consisting of single bipinnate inner seta on first and second segments, and one inner and three apical elements on third segment (probably outermost spine and two strong setae); seta on first segment exceptionally strong and curved, other elements straight, inner seta on second segment slender and with distal inner row of minute pinnules in addition to long pinnules, inner seta on third segment also slender but just with long pinnules, apical setae with slender long inner pinnules and robust long outer pinnules; inner apical seta on third segment longest, 1.2 times as long as outer apical seta, 1.4 times as long as segment, and 1.6 times as long as outer apical spine.</p> <p>Third swimming leg (Fig. 6C) similar to second swimming leg, except for smooth intercoxal sclerite, longer proximal row of spinules on coxa, slender outer seta and shorter inner distal process on basis, and three inner setae on third endopodal and exopodal segments each; middle inner seta on third exopodal segment with only minute distal inner pinnules, distal inner seta on third endopodal segment more robust than other inner setae and with short but strong pinnules on both margins, all other inner setae on exopod and endopod bipinnate with long and slender pinnules; inner seta on first endopodal segment slightly less strong than serially homologous one on second leg, but also curved.</p> <p>Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 6D) relatively similar to third swimming leg, but with endopod only about 0.7 times as long as exopod, without pore or inner distal row of spinules on coxa, slightly shorter inner distal process on basis, much longer spiniform seta on first endopodal segment, only two inner setae on third endopodal segment, and longer and stronger inner setae on third exopodal segment.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Fig. 7A) composed of wide baseoendopod (fused basis and endopod) and much smaller ovoid exopod, pair of legs joined by small triangular sclerite. Baseoendopod about 1.5 times as wide as long, more or less pentagonal, unornamented, with short spiniform process at base of exopod; outer basal seta slender and smooth, arising from short setophore, about 0.8 times as long as segment; endopodal lobe relatively narrow, trapezoidal, extending slightly beyond proximal third of exopod in length, with four stout, bipinnate setae, thier length ratio, starting from inner side, 1: 2.3: 3.4: 2. Exopod about 1.1 times as long as its maximum width, more or less trapezoidal, with narrow base, with two short rows of strong inner spinules, one row of strong outer spinules, and single anterior pore close to distal margin, with six setae; second and third seta from inner side short, slender, and smooth, other setae strong and bipinnate; length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.4: 0.4: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Fig. 4A) minute flap covering ventro-lateral genital aperture, mostly fused to somite, unornamented, with single short and smooth seta near outer margin and two minute spines; inner minute spine fused basally to plate, forming small spiniform process. Sixth legs seemingly joined on ventral side by fold-like suture which hides copulatory pores.</p> <p>Male (based on allotype and five paratypes). Body length from 605 to 684 µm (610 µm in allotype). Habitus (Figs. 8A, 11C), colour, rostrum (Figs. 8A, 10F), shape and most ornamentation on cephalothorax (Figs. 8A, 10F, 11D), shape and ornamentation of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 8B, 10F, 11E), third pedigerous somite (Figs. 8C, 10F, 11E), fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 8D, 10F, 11E), most ornamentation on first urosomite (Fig. 9A, B, C, 11E), ornamentation of last threeurosomites (Figs. 9A, B, C, 11F), caudal rami (Fig. 9A, B, C), antenna, labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped, first swimming leg (Fig. 10F), and coxae, bases and exopods of second, third and fourth swimming legs as in female. Prosome/urosome ratio 1.05, greatest width at posterior end of cephalothorax, body length/width ratio about 3.1; cephalothorax twice as wide as genital somite in dorsal view. Genital somite and third urosomite not fused.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 8A, 10F, 11D) in addition to all sensilla and pores present in female with one additional pair of dorsal anterior sensilla (no. &amp;) and one additional pair of dorsal posterior pores (no. @).</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 9A, B, C, 11E) slightly narrower and longer than in female, with two additional rows of minute spinules above sensilla pair no. 65 and without lateral pore pair no. 67.</p> <p>Genital somite (Figs. 9A, B, C, 11F) homologous to anterior part of genital double-somite in female, 1.3 times as wide as long in dorsal view, with all sensilla, pores, and spinules homologous to those in female present, with additional lateral pair of pores (no. #) and additional lateral row of large spinule between sensilla no. 70 and pore no. #; large and longitudinally positioned spermatophore visible inside on right side, four times as long as wide, twice as long as genital somite, its posterior end reaching slightly beyond distal margin of genital somite, its anterior part protruding into first urosomite and even slightly into fourth pedigerous somite.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 9A, B, C, 11F) only half as long as genital somite, with three posterior pairs of sensilla as in female, but pair no. 72 situated more ventrally and pair no. 73 very close to each other; ventral row of spinules interrupted between sensilla pair no. 73; additional minute spinules between sensilla pair no. 71 present in allotype (Fig. 9A) but not in paratypes (11F).</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 8E, 11A) also as long as cephalothorax, but strongly geniculate and nine-segmented (basically female’s sixth segment subdivided), with geniculation between third and fourth and sixth and seventh segments. Segments that participate in geniculation strengthened with cuticular plates along anterior surface, largest ones on seventh segment. Aesthetascs as in female, on fourth and last segments, but additional large aesthetasc present on third segment. First two and last two segments similar to female, except for additional row of minute spinules on first segment; third segment much shorter and distal part of it fused with fourth segment (as can be judged from armature position); fourth segment accordingly longer; fifth segment shorter, while sixth female segment virtually unrecognisable. Setal formula 1.11.6+ae.7+ae.1.2.1.4.6+ae. All setae smooth, except for short proximal seta on sixth segment.</p> <p>Second swimming leg (Figs. 7B, 10F) with second and third endopodal segments fused (arrowed in Fig. 7B) but armature and ornamentation as in female.</p> <p>Third swimming leg (Fig.7C) with distal inner seta on third endopodal segment slender and plumose (arrowed in Fig. 7C), other armature and all ornamentation as in female.</p> <p>Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 7D) with inner seta on first endopodal segment and distal inner seta on third endopodal segment slender and plumose (both arrowed in Fig. 7D), other armature and ornamentation as in female.</p> <p>Fifth legs (Figs. 9A, B, C, 11B) much smaller than in female, without endopodal armature, and with baseoenopods fused medially into narrow plate. Exopod minute, ovoid, with single anterior proximal pore, and with two smooth setae and innermost bipinnate seta; length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1.7: 0.5.</p> <p>Sixth legs (Fig. 9B, C) almost completely fused medially and to somite, forming simple flap, with concave hyaline fringe as only remnant of former subdivision; only functional genital aperture under right leg; each leg with three smooth setae, their length ratio from inner side, 1: 2.1: 1.7.</p> <p>Variability. Most morphological features are conservative, including the sensilla and pores pattern of somites, and length ratio of different armature on appendages. The only significant form of morphological variability, except body length, was presence/absence of minute dorsal spinules on the third urosomite in males (Figs. 9A, 11F).</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the very narrow endopodal lobe on the female fifth leg (Fig. 7A), where the reduced space between two central setae can be considered as a clear autapomorphy. This species has long caudal rami (l/w index of about 3.5), which distinguishes it at once from the sympatric Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov., Wellstenhelia erato sp. nov., and Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov., as well as from the Mediterranean Wellstenhelia bocqueti (Soyer, 1971) comb. nov., and the Artcic Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov. The Swedish Wellstenhelia hanstromi (Lang, 1948) comb. nov. also has somewhat shorter caudal rami than Wellstenhelia calliope, but differs additionally by its long innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod, and short seta on the first endopodal segment of the fourth swimming leg (this character being a clear autapomorphy of Wellstenhelia hanstromi). Only the sympatric Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (Ma &amp; Li, 2011) comb. nov. has caudal rami as elongated as Wellstenhelia calliope, but the former differs by its short second seta from inner side on the female fifth leg endopod (Fig. 25E), inflated inner principal caudal seta (Fig. 25C), longer spinules on the first leg coxa (Fig. 24F), narrower rostrum (Fig. 24C), reduced armature on the male second leg endopod (Fig. 26E), and transformed inner apical seta on the male fourth leg endopod (Fig. 26F), as well as many details in the ornamentation of somites, including absent pores and sensilla nos. 14, 19, 21, 33, 34, 35, 43, 48 (Fig. 24A, B, D), present sensilla nos. £, $, wider space between sensilla no. 69, only four spinules in the dorsal row on the anterior part of the genital double-somite (Fig. 24B), much more slender and denser dorsal spinules along distal margin of the anal somite (Fig. 25B), etc. In fact, so many morphological differences between Wellstenhelia calliope and Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis suggest that their elongated caudal rami probably originated convergently (see also Ma &amp; Li 2011). In Wellstenhelia calliope the innermost endopodal seta on the female fifth leg is much shorter than the next one (Fig. 7A), which distinguishes it at once from Wellstenhelia clio (with both setae long; Fig. 14C), Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (both setae short; Fig. 25E), Wellstenhelia euterpe (innermost seta missing; Fig. 31G), Wellstenhelia melpomene (both setae long; Kornev &amp; Chertoprud 2008), and Wellstenhelia hanstromi (both setae long; Lang 1948). Only Wellstenhelia erato and Wellstenhelia bocqueti have the innermost setae significantly shorter than the next one (similar to that in Wellstenhelia calliope), but in Wellstenhelia erato this difference is much more pronounced (Fig. 19D), while in Wellstenhelia bocqueti there is a deep notch between these two setae (Soyer 1971). The proportion of different armature elements on the female fifth leg could be used alone to distinguish between different species of Wellstenhelia gen. nov., except perhaps between Wellstenhelia clio and Wellstenhelia hanstromi (their affinities are discussed below).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFA8FFC464D0F8C201D1FEFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFB9FFCD64D0FE700115FF69.text	6878D460FFB9FFCD64D0FE700115FF69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wellstenhelia clio Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 12–17)</p> <p>Type locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.78553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.920944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.78553/lat 34.920944)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 34.920944°N 127.785528°E (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232676), male allotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232677), two male paratypes and three female paratypes together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232678), six male paratypes and eight female paratypes and six copepodid paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232679), five females destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful); type locality, 18 February 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Two male paratypes and three female paratypes and one copepodid paratype together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232680), one female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification successful, Code 0187), type locality, 30 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.79511&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.89014" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.79511/lat 34.89014)">One</a> female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 15, muddy sediments, 34.890139°N 127.795111°E (Fig. 1), 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim. Three males and three females destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.73436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.95139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.73436/lat 34.95139)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 12, muddy sediments, 34.951389°N 127.734361°E (Fig. 1), 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Clio (Ancient Greek: Κλειώ), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of history. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female (based on holotype and two paratypes). Body length from 540 to 617 µm (latter in holotype). Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness and surface appearence as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov., including minute sparse pits visible only on highest magnifications on scanning electron microscope. Most somite ornamentation also similar to Wellstenhelia calliope, and presumed homologous pores and sensilla numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 12A, B, C, 13A, B, C, 14A) to allow easier comparison. Habitus (Figs. 12A, B, 16A) more robust, with prosome/urosome length ratio 1.2, body length/width ratio about 2.9, and cephalothorax nearly twice as wide as genital double-somite.</p> <p>Rostrum (Figs. 12C, 16B) slightly narrower in dorsal view than in Wellstenhelia calliope (arrowed in Fig. 12C), but without any other difference in shape or ornamentation.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 12A, B, C, 13B, 16C) about 0.8 times as long as wide; represents 28% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope; except two additional sensilla (nos. $, £) and one additional pore (no. ¥) present, two lateral pores (nos. 19, 33) missing, sensilla no. 40 paired, and somewhat different relative position of pores nos. 9, 10, 28 (arrowed in Figs. 12A, C).</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 12A, B, 16D) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pair of sensilla no. 48 missing (arrowed in Fig. 12A).</p> <p>Pleurons of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 12A, B, 13C, 16D), fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 12A, B, 14A, 16D), and first urosomite (Fig. 12A, B, 16E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 12A, B, 13A, 16E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior part even more inflated laterally, forming blunt chitinous processes, ventral pair of sensilla (no. 73) much more widely spaced, and two additional rows of minute spinules in anterior half (arrowed in Fig. 12B).</p> <p>Last threeurosomites (Figs. 12A, B, 13A, 16F) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except for short lateral rows of spinules on preanal somite, more widely spaced sensilla nos. 74 &amp; 78, and more ventrally located pores 79 &amp; 80.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 12A, B, 13A, 16F) short and stout, much shorter than in Wellstenhelia calliope (arrowed in Fig. 12A), about 1.3 times as long as anal somite, cylindrical, 2.1 times as long as wide (ventral view), slightly divergent, and with space between them about one ramus width; ornamentation and armature as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except central part of inner margin without spinules and middle lateral seta much shorter (both arrowed in Fig. 13A).</p> <p>Antennula (Fig. 16A), antenna, labrum, paragnaths, mandibula (Fig. 13D), maxillula, maxilla, and maxilliped as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Swimming legs (Figs. 12D, 14B) segmentation, ornamentation, armature, and even proportions of various armature elements as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except proximal rows of spinules on coxae slightly longer (arrowed in Fig. 14B) and first endopodal segments without anterior pore (arrowed in Fig. 12D).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 12A, 14C) segmentation, general shape, number of armature elements, and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except innermost endopodal seta proportionately longer (arrowed in Figs. 12A, 14C), space between two central endopodal setae wider (arrowed in Fig. 14C), exopod wider at base (arrowed in Fig. 14C), and additional pore present on anterior surface of exopod (arrowed in Fig. 14C). Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1.2: 1.7: 1. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.3: 0.3: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Fig. 14D) as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Male (based on allotype and five paratypes). Body length from 519 to 564 µm (555 µm in allotype). Habitus (Fig. 17A), colour, rostrum (Fig. 17C), shape and almost all ornamentation of cephalothorax (Figs. 14E, 17A, C), shape and ornamentation of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 15C, 17A) (including missing sensilla pair no. 48; arrowed in Fig. 15C), third pedigerous somite (Fig. 17A), and fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 17A), ornamentation of first urosomite (Figs. 15B, 17B), ornamentation of last threeurosomites (Figs. 15A, B, 17A, B), caudal rami (Fig. 15A, B, 17A), antenna (Fig. 17D), labrum (Fig. 17D), paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla (Fig. 17E), maxilliped (Fig. 17E), first swimming leg (Fig. 17F), and coxae, bases, and exopods of second, third, and fourth swimming legs as in female. Prosome/urosome ratio 1.1, greatest width at posterior end of cephalothorax, body length/width ratio about 3.5; cephalothorax twice as wide as genital somite in dorsal view. Genital somite and third urosomite not fused.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 14E, 17A, C) in addition to all sensilla and pores present in female, with one additional pair of lateral pores in posterior half (no. €).</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 15B, 17B) slightly narrower and longer than in female but also with three pairs of sensilla (nos. 64, 65, 66) and two pairs of pores (nos. 63, 67).</p> <p>Genital somite (Figs. 15A, B, 17B) somewhat wider and with fewer spinules than in Wellstenhelia calliope, but with all ornamentation same, except pore no. 68 situated more ventrally (arrowed in Fig. 15B), i.e. much closer to pore no. #, and in one paratype two pores extremely close to each other (Fig. 17B).</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 15A, B, 17B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except ventral row of spinules not interrupted between sensilla pair no. 73 and not broken between sensilla nos. 72 &amp; 73 (both arrowed in Fig. 15A).</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 14F, 17C) shape, segmentation, armature, and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except spiniform process on first segment smaller (arrowed in Fig. 15F), dorsal pore missing (arrowed in Fig. 15F), and aesthetascs on third and fourth segments longer.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 15A, B, 17B) shape, armature, and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except for shallow ventral notch on fused baseoendopods.</p> <p>Sixth legs (Fig. 15A, B, 17B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except middle seta proportionately shorter (arrowed in Fig. 15B).</p> <p>Variability. Most morphological features are extremely conservative, including the sensilla and pores pattern of somites, and length ratio of different armature on appendages. Except for body length, the only other variable feature was the position of lateral pore no. 68 on the male genital somite (arrowed in Fig. 15B).</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov. has no obvious autapomorphy that would distinguish it at once from all other congeners. As mentioned above, its female fifth leg (Fig. 14C) is relatively similar to that in the Swedish Wellstenhelia hanstromi (Lang, 1948) comb. nov., with two inner endopodal setae of about the same length and strength and as long as the outermost endopodal seta (see Lang 1948), although not as long as those in the Artcic Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov. (see Kornev &amp; Chertoprud 2008). However, this may be a plesiomorphic character, as a similar fifth leg endopod can be found in several lineages of the genus Delavalia Brady, 1869. Unfortunately, both Wellstenhelia hanstromi and Wellstenhelia melpomene are known so far only from a very limited set of female morphological characters (Lang 1948; Kornev &amp; Chertoprud 2008) and most features cannot be compared. Even so, there is no doubt that all three represent separate species, as Wellstenhelia hanstromi has much longer caudal rami and a shorter seta on the first endopodal segment of the fourth leg than the other two, and Wellstenhelia melpomene has a longer exopod and all setae on the fifth leg, while Wellstenhelia clio has a shorter endopod of the first leg. In the absence of other evidence we have to assume that Wellstenhelia clio is probably morphologically most similar to Wellstenhelia melpomene, as these two species also have very similar caudal rami.</p> <p>Other congeners can be easily distinguished from Wellstenhelia clio by many characters. Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (Ma &amp; Li, 2011) comb. nov. have much longer caudal rami and a shorter innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod; Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov has much shorter caudal rami and only three setae on the female fifth leg endopod; while Wellstenhelia erato sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia bocqueti (Soyer, 1971) comb. nov. have a much shorter innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod. Each species can additionally be distinguished from Wellstenhelia clio by some other feature in the proportion of armature elements or ornamentation of somites. Numerous differences between this species and Wellstenhelia calliope are indicated by arrowheads in Figs. 12A, B, C, D, 13A, 14B, C, F, 15A, B, C.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFB9FFCD64D0FE700115FF69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFB0FFF464D0F8ED03C0FF69.text	6878D460FFB0FFF464D0F8ED03C0FF69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wellstenhelia erato Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Wellstenhelia erato sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 18–23)</p> <p>Type locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.73436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.95139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.73436/lat 34.95139)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 12, muddy sediments, 34.951389°N 127.734361°E (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232681), male allotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232682), female paratype on SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232683), male paratype in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232684), type locality, 14 October 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Two females destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), type locality, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Erato (Ancient Greek: Ξρατώ), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of erotic poetry and song. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female (based on holotype and three paratypes). Body length from 820 to 885 µm (882 µm in holotype). Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness and surface appearence as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov., including minute sparse pits visible only on highest magnifications on scanning electron microscope. Most somite ornamentation also similar to Wellstenhelia calliope, and presumed homologous pore and sensilla also numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 18A, B, C, 19A, 20A, B, C, D) to allow easier comparison. Habitus (Figs. 18A, B) more robust, with prosome/urosome length ratio close to 1.4, body length/width ratio about 2.8, and cephalothorax 2.3 times as wide as genital double-somite.</p> <p>Rostrum (Fig. 18C) with wide base and narrow anterior part in dorsal view (arrowed in Fig. 18C) but without any other difference in shape or ornamentation to that in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 18A, B, 20A, 23A) about 0.9 times as long as wide; represents 31% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield with 36 paired or unpaired sensilla and pores, most of which probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (indicated with Arabic numerals in illustrations) and Wellstenhelia clio (indicated with currency symbols in illustrations), but seven pores and sensilla missing (nos. 6, 9, 10, 16, 19, 33, 35); absolute and relative positions of some pores and sensilla differ.</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 20 B, 23B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral sensilla no. 48 much closer to sensilla no. 49, and anterior pair of pores no. 43 more widely spaced.</p> <p>Pleuron of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 20C, 23B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except one additional lateral pore present (no. *) and anterior pair of pores no. 51 less widely spaced.</p> <p>Pleuron of fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 20D, 23B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior lateral pore no. 57 missing.</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 18A, B, 23B, C) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pore no. 67 missing.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 18A, B, 19A, 23C) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except no large dorsal or lateral spinules (arrowed in Figs. 18A, B, 19A), ventral pair of sensilla no. 73 more widely spaced, and two large seminal receptacles clearly visible inside.</p> <p>Last threeurosomites (Figs. 18A, B, 19A, 23E, F) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pore no. 80 missing.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 18A, B, D, 19A, 23F) short and stout, similar in shape to those in Wellstenhelia clio, about as long as anal somite, cylindrical, 2.3 times as long as wide (ventral view), parallel, and with space between them less than one ramus width; ornamentation and armature as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except central part of inner margin without spinules and ventral pore no. 83 missing.</p> <p>Antennula (Fig. 18E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except first segment without dorsal pore, with less sharp process, and with additional row of minute spinules basally (arrowed in Fig. 18E).</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 18F) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except first exopodal segment inflated in distal half and third exopodal segment without central row of spinules (both arrowed in Fig. 18F).</p> <p>Labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, and maxilliped as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Swimming legs (Fig. 19B, C) segmentation, ornamentation, armature, and proportions of various armature elements as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except first endopodal segment of second leg without anterior pore.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 18B, 19A, D, 23D) segmentation, general shape, number of armature elements, and even most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except innermost endopodal seta proportionately shorter (arrowed in Figs. 18B, 19A, D), second endopodal seta from inner side proportionately longer (arrowed in Figs. 18B, 19A, D), and anterior pore of exopod closer to inner margin (arrowed in Fig. 19D). Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 4.2: 5.2: 3. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.5: 0.3: 0.55: 0.5: 0.5.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Fig. 19E) simple narrow cuticular plate, unornamented, with single smooth and short outer seta flanking single minute inner spine; latter about same size as some larger spinules on genital double-somite.</p> <p>Male (based on allotype). Body length 760 µm. Habitus, colour, rostrum (Fig. 22A), shape and ornamentation of cephalothorax, second pedigerous somite (Figs. 21C), and third pedigerous somite, shape and most ornamentation of fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 21D), ornamentation of first urosomite (Figs. 20E, 21A, B), ornamentation of last threeurosomites (Figs. 20E, 21A, B), armature and ornamentation of caudal rami (Figs. 20E, 21A, B), antenna (Fig. 21E), labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped, first swimming leg, second swimming leg (Fig. 22B), and coxae, bases and exopods of third and fourth swimming legs as in female. Prosome/urosome ratio 1.45, greatest width at posterior end of cephalothorax, body length/width ratio about 3.1; cephalothorax 2.4 times as wide as genital somite in dorsal view. Genital somite and third urosomite not fused.</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Fig. 21C) with sensilla no. 48 not so close to sensilla no. 49 as in female but everything else same.</p> <p>Pleuron of fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 21D) with anterior lateral pore no. 57 present, all other ornamentation as in female.</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 20E, 21A, B) narrower than in female but also with three pairs of dorsal sensilla (nos. 64, 65, 66) and one pair of lateral pores (no. 63).</p> <p>Genital somite (Figs. 20E, 21A, B) somewhat wider than in Wellstenhelia calliope, but with all ornamentation same, except pore no. 68 situated more ventrally (arrowed in Fig. 21A), i.e. much closer to pore no. #, and lateral row of spinules less broken near sensilla no. 70 (arrowed in Fig. 21A); large spermatophore visible inside genital somite, longitudinally placed on right side, about as long as that in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 20E, 21A, B) as in Wellstenhelia clio, i.e. ventral row of spinules uninterrupted between sensilla no. 73, except few more large spinules present dorsally from sensilla no. 71.</p> <p>Anal somite (Figs. 20E, 21A, B) as in female, except lateral pore no. 80 present.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 20E, 21A, B) shorter than in female (arrowed in Fig. 21A, B), with length/width ratio in ventral view of just below 1.5, but armature and ornamentation as in female, including missing ventral pore no. 83.</p> <p>Antennula (Fig. 22A) shape, segmentation, ornamentation, and most armature as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except second segment proportionately shorter (arrowed in Fig. 22A), aesthetascs proportionately longer, and second, third and fourth segment with one, one, and two additional setae respectively (latter arrowed in Fig. 22A); setal fomula thus 1.12.7+ae.9+ae.1.2.1.4.6+ae.</p> <p>Third swimming leg endopod (Fig. 22C) without anterior pore and with distal inner seta on third segment slender.</p> <p>Fourth swimming leg endopod (Fig. 22D) without anterior pore on first segment and with inner seta on first segment and distal seta on third segment slender and shorter than those in female.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Fig. 21A, B) shape, armature, and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except exopod proportionately larger and with much strong inner armature element.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Fig. 21A, B) shape, ornamentation, and number of armature elements as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except inner and middle elements strong spines (both arrowed in Fig. 21A) and middle one exceptionally long, reaching beyond midlength of fourth urosomite; length ratio of armature elements, starting from inner side, 1: 1.8: 1.</p> <p>Variability. All morphological features are extremely conservative among the four female specimens examined, while only one male was available for morphological examination.</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Wellstenhelia erato sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the minute innermost endopodal seta on the female fifth leg (Fig. 19D), which can be considered as a clear autapomorphy of this species. Other possible autapomorhies include an inflated first exopodal segment of the antenna (Fig. 18F) and very strong elements on the male sixth leg (Fig. 21A, B). However, the former character was not described for Wellstenhelia hanstromi (Lang, 1948) comb. nov. and Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov., while males (or male characters) are still unknown for Wellstenhelia hanstromi, Wellstenhelia melpomene, Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov., and Wellstenhelia bocqueti (Soyer, 1971) comb. nov. Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia bocqueti also have the innermost endopodal seta on the female fifth leg relatively short, although not as short as in Wellstenhelia erato, but the former differs by its much longer caudal rami, while the latter has a deep notch on the female fifth leg endopod, as well as the principal caudal setae confluent at base.</p> <p>Other congeners can be easily distinguished from Wellstenhelia erato by many characters. Wellestenhelia hanstromi and Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (Ma &amp; Li, 2011) comb. nov. have much longer caudal rami; Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov. has much shorter caudal rami and only three setae on the female fifth leg endopod; while Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia malpomene sp. nov. have a much longer innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod. Each species can additionally be distinguished from Wellstenhelia erato by some other feature in the proportion of armature elements or ornamentation of somites. Numerous differences between this species and Wellstenhelia calliope and Wellstenhelia clio are indicated by arrowheads in Figs. 18A, B, C, E, F, 19A, D, 20E, 21A, B, E. These include absence of large dorsal spinules on the genital double-somite, absence of many sensilla and pores on prosomite, but also some novel features, such as lateral pore on the third pedigerous somite (no. *). Wellstenhelia erato is also the largest of all Korean sympatric congeners, and probably the largest species of Wellstenhelia gen. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFB0FFF464D0F8ED03C0FF69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FF89FFFD64D0FED707F0FB54.text	6878D460FF89FFFD64D0FED707F0FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (Ma & Li 2011) Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (Ma &amp; Li, 2011) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 24–29)</p> <p>Synonymy. Delavalia qingdaoensis sp. nov. – Ma &amp; Li 2011, p. 1087, figs. 1–8.</p> <p>Specimens examined. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.79511&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.89014" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.79511/lat 34.89014)">One</a> female dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232685), one male dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232686), three females together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232687), 20 females and five copepodids in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232688), 11 females destroyed for DNA sequence (one successful amplification, Code 0113), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 15, muddy sediments, 34.890139°N 127.795111°E, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim (Fig. 1).</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.73436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.95139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.73436/lat 34.95139)">One</a> female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 12, muddy sediments, 34.951389°N 127.734361°E, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim (Fig. 1).</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.85233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.92433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.85233/lat 34.92433)">One</a> female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 14, muddy sediments, 34.924333°N 127.852333°E, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim (Fig. 1).</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.78775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.824223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.78775/lat 34.824223)">One</a> female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 17, muddy sediments, 34.824222°N 127.787750°E, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Redescription. Female (based on six examined specimens). Body length from 523 to 611 µm. Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness and surface appearance as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov., including minute sparse pits visible only on highest magnifications on scanning electron microscope (for example, see Fig. 28D). Most somite ornamentation also similar to Wellstenhelia calliope, and presumed homologous pore and sensilla also numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 24A, B, C, D 25A, B) to allow easier comparison. Habitus (Figs. 24A, B, 27A, 28A) more robust, with prosome/urosome length ratio about one, body length/width ratio 3.1, and cephalothorax twice as wide as genital double-somite.</p> <p>Rostrum (Figs. 24C, 27B) with slightly narrower tip than in Wellstenhelia calliope (arrowed in Fig. 24C), but without any other difference in shape or ornamentation.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 24A, B, 27A, 28B) about 0.9 times as long as wide; represents 26% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield with 36 paired or unpaired sensilla and pores, most of which probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (indicated with Arabic numerals in illustrations) and Wellstenhelia clio (indicated with currency symbols in illustrations), but six pores and sensilla missing (nos. 14, 19, 21, 33, 34, 35); absolute and relative positions of some pores and sensilla different; posterior dorsal sensilla no. 40 paired.</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 24D, 28C, D) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pair of sensilla no. 48 (arrowed in Fig. 24D) and anterior pair of pores no. 43 missing.</p> <p>Pleurons of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 24A, B, 28C), fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 24A, B, 28C), and first urosomite (Figs. 24A, B, 27C, 28C) as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 24A, B, 25A, 27C) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior part even more inflated laterally, forming spiniform chitinous processes, central part even more constricted, only four large dorsal sensilla present in anterior part (arrowed in Fig. 24B), and ventral pair of sensilla no. 73 much more widely spaced (arrowed in Fig. 25A).</p> <p>Last threeurosomites (Figs. 24A, B, 25A, B, 27E, 28E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anal somite slightly more elongated and with more slender and denser spinules along dorsal distal margin (arrowed in Fig. 25B).</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 24A, B, 25A, B, C, 27D, 29F) shape, armature and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except central part of inner margin without spinules (arrowed in Fig. 25B, but see also Fig. 29F), posterior ventral pore no. 83 missing, principal apical setae strongly fused basally (arrowed in Fig. 25B), and middle apical seta inflated and in most specimens terminates bluntly (arrowed in Fig. 25C), i.e. shorter than outer apical seta; rami about twice as long as anal somite, nearly cylindrical, 4.3 times as long as wide (ventral view), slightly divergent, and with space between them about one ramus width.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 24E, 27B), antenna (Fig. 29B), labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, and maxilliped as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Swimming legs (Figs. 24F, 25D, 29C, D) segmentation, ornamentation, armature, and even proportions of various armature elements as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except spinules in proximal row on coxae much longer (arrowed in Fig. 24F) and first endopodal segments without anterior pore.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 24A, B, 25A, E, 29E) segmentation, general shape, number of armature elements, and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except second endopodal seta from inner side proportionately much shorter (arrowed in Figs. 24A, 25A, E), basal part of exopod somewhat narrower (arrowed in Fig. 25E), and another pore visible on posterior side of exopod. Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1: 1.9: 1.6. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.4: 0.4: 1: 0.7: 0.6.</p> <p>Sixth leg as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Male (based on allotype and three paratypes). Body length from 466 to 492 µm. Habitus, colour, rostrum, shape and ornamentation of cephalothorax, all pedigerous somites, ornamentation of last threeurosomites (Fig. 26A, B), caudal rami (Fig. 26A, B), antenna (Fig. 29A), labrum (Fig. 27F), paragnaths, mandibula (Fig. 27F), maxillula (Fig. 27F), maxilla (Fig. 27F), maxilliped (Fig. 27F), first swimming leg, third swimming leg, and coxae, bases, and exopods of second and fourth (Fig. 28F) swimming legs as in female. Prosome/urosome ratio 1.1, greatest width at posterior end of cephalothorax, body length/width ratio about 3.6; cephalothorax twice as wide as genital somite in dorsal view. Genital somite and third urosomite not fused.</p> <p>First urosomite (Fig. 26A, B) slightly narrower and longer than in female but also with three pairs of sensilla (nos. 64, 65, 66) and one pair of pores (no. 63).</p> <p>Genital somite (Fig. 26A, B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pore no. 68 situated somewhat closer to ventral side.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Fig. 26A, B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except ventral row of spinules not interrupted between sensilla pair no. 73 (arrowed in Fig. 26B), and those sensilla also more widely spaced.</p> <p>Antennula (Fig. 26C, D) shape, segmentation, and most armature and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except much shorter generally, especially ultimate segment (arrowed in Fig. 26D), and third and fourth segments wiht one and two additional setae respectively; setal fomula thus 1.11.7+ae.9+ae.1.2.1.4.6+ae.</p> <p>Endopod of second swimming leg (Fig. 26E) with second and third segments fused, as in Wellstenhelia calliope, but with only two apical elements (arrowed in Fig. 26E).</p> <p>Endopod of fourth swimming leg (Fig. 26F) with inner seta on first segment slender and plumose, as in Wellstenhelia calliope, but outer apical element on third segment transformed into powerful claw (arrowed in Fig. 26F).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Fig. 26A) shape, armature, and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except inner exopodal element much stronger and longer (arrowed in Fig. 26A); length ratio of exopodal armature elements, starting from inner side 1: 0.7: 0.4.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Fig. 26A, B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except middle seta somewhat stronger); length ratio of armature elements, starting from inner side, 1: 1.5: 1.</p> <p>Variability. The middle apical caudal seta can be more or less inflated in female and more or less fused with outer apical seta, and distal part can be completely missing or present as a short slender extension of the inflated part. This seta is less noticeably inflated in males. All other features are extremely conservative.</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Autapomorphies of Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis (Ma &amp; Li, 2011) comb. nov. include slender and dense dorsal spinules along distal margin of the anal somite (Fig. 25B), inflated inner principal caudal seta (Fig. 25C), long spinules on the first leg coxa (Fig. 24F), second seta from inner side on the female fifth leg endopod short (Fig. 25E), and very narrow base of the female fifth leg exopod (Fig. 25E). Other unique features include the reduced armature of the male second leg endopod (Fig. 26E) and transformed inner apical seta on the male fourth leg endopod (Fig. 26F), but as mentioned above, males or male characters are unknown in four congeners. The long and slender caudal rami of Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis are superficially similar to those of Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. (see above), but they lack spinules along the posterior part of the inner margin in the former species, as well as the posterior pair of ventral pores (no. 83). As mentioned in the affinities section of Wellstenhelia calliope (see above) morphological differences between these two species are numerous, and it is quite probable that the elongated caudal rami evolved convergently in these two species. All other congeners have much shorter caudal rami than Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis, and each can be distinguished additionally from it by several other differences in the ornamentation of somites or other micro-characters. In fact, this species has a somewhat isolated position in the genus. The Mediterranean Wellstenhelia bocqueti (Soyer, 1971) comb. nov. has basally confluent principal caudal setae, similar to those of Wellstenhelia qingdaoensis, but the former species has much shorter caudal rami, differently shaped female fifth leg, and shorter ventral rows of spinules on urosomites.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FF89FFFD64D0FED707F0FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FF80FFE064D0FACA031DF8F1.text	6878D460FF80FFE064D0FACA031DF8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wellstenhelia euterpe Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 30–33)</p> <p>Type locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.635086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.881863" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.635086/lat 34.881863)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 2, muddy sediments, 34.881861°N 127.635083°E (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232689), female paratype mounted on SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232690), type locality, 39 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Euterpe (Ancient Greek: Eύτέρπη), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of lyric poetry and song. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female (based on holotype and one paratype). Body length 460 µm and 373 µm respectively. Integument thick and surface smooth, without minute pits. Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, and hyaline fringes as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. Most somite ornamentation also similar to Wellstenhelia calliope, and presumed homologous pore and sensilla numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 30A, B, 31A, B, C, D, E, 32A) to allow easier comparison. Habitus (Figs. 30A, B, 33A) more robust, with prosome/urosome length ratio 1.3, body length/width ratio about three, cephalothorax twice as wide as genital double-somite.</p> <p>Rostrum (Fig. 30A, C) similar in shape and ornamentation to Wellstenhelia calliope but dorsal pore no. 2 position much more anterior (arrowed in Fig. 30C) and rostrum larger in comparison to cephalothorax.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 30A, B, 31A, B, 33B) about 0.85 times as long as wide; comprising 28% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield with 34 paired or unpaired sensilla and pores, most of which probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (indicated with Arabic numerals in illustrations), but 12 pores and sensilla missing (nos. 4, 6, 7, 10, 14, 16, 19, 21, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39); absolute and relative positions of some pores and sensilla differ and posterior dorsal sensilla no. 40 paired; six unique pores and sensilla indicated with geometric shapes in Fig. 31A, B.</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 31C, 33C) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pair of sensilla no. 48 and anterior pair of pores no. 43 missing.</p> <p>Pleuron of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 31D, 33C) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior pair of pores no. 51 more widely spaced.</p> <p>Pleuron of fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 31E, 33C) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior lateral pair of pores no. 57 missing.</p> <p>First urosomite (Fig. 30A, B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except pores nos. 63 &amp; 67 missing.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 30A, B, 32A, 33D) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except much more slender, with dorsal pair of sensilla no. 69 more widely spaced, anterior pore no. 68 missing, and shorter ventral row of spinules (arrowed in Fig. 32A).</p> <p>Last three urosomites (Figs. 30A, B, 32A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except for shorter ventral row of spinules (arrowed in Fig. 32A) and more closely spaced sensilla pair no. 77 on first of them, as well as somewhat stronger spinules in anal sinus.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 30A, B, 32A, B, 33E) short and stout, much shorter than in Wellstenhelia calliope (arrowed in Figs. 30A, B, 32A, B), about as long as anal somite, cylindrical, 1.7 times as long as wide (ventral view), parallel, with space between them about one ramus width; most ornamentation and all armature as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except both ventral pores (nos. 82, 83) missing.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 31F, 33F) ornamentation and armature as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except first segment with more spinules in distal row and sixth segment proportionately shorter (arrowed in Fig. 31F).</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 30D, E), labrum, and paragnaths as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Mandibula (Fig. 30F) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except with larger spinules on basis (arrowed in Fig. 30F) and additional row of spinules on coxa (arrowed in Fig. 30F).</p> <p>Maxillula, maxilla (Fig. 30G), and maxilliped (Fig. 30H) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except maxilliped with row of long and slender spinules on coxa (arrowed in Fig. 30H).</p> <p>Swimming legs (Fig. 32C, D, E, F, G) segmentation, most ornamentation, most armature, and proportions of various armature elements as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except all legs without anterior pore on first endopodal segment, first leg without inner spinules on coxa (arrowed in Fig. 32C), second leg with proximal row of spinules on coxa slightly longer (arrowed in Fig. 32E) and with additional inner seta on third endopodal segment (arrowed in Fig. 32F), and fourth leg with distal inner seta on third endopodal segment less spiniform (arrowed in Fig. 32G).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 30B, 31G, 32A, 33D) segmentation, general shape, and most armature and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except innermost endopodal seta missing (arrowed in Figs. 30B, 31G, 32A), two additional rows of anterior spinules of basis (arrowed in Fig. 31G), and endopodal lobe without spiniform process at base on exopod (arrowed in Fig. 31G). Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1.2: 0.85. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.5: 0.3: 0.85: 0.8: 0.5.</p> <p>Sixth leg as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Variability. Only two females were studied and no variable morphological feature was observed.</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Wellstenhelia euterpe sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the armature of the female fifth leg endopod, which bears only three setae (Fig. 31G). The complete reduction of the innermost element is considered here a clear autapomorphy. Other unique features of this species include two inner setae on the third endopodal segment of the second swimming leg (Fig. 32F) and slender distal inner seta on the third endopodal segment of the fourth swimming leg (Fig. 32G), but these are plesiomorphic character states in a larger group of stenheliins. Compared to other congeners, Wellstenhelia euterpe has the smallest body, shortest caudal rami (Fig. 32A, B), shortest sixth antennular segment (Fig. 31F), and smoothest and thickest cuticulum. It also has a unique position of the dorsal rostral pore (Fig. 30C), which is much more anterior than in other congeners, but the state of this character is unknown in Wellstenhelia bocqueti (Soyer, 1971) comb. nov., Wellstenhelia hanstromi (Lang, 1948) comb. nov., and Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov. (see Lang 1948; Soyer 1971; Kornev &amp; Chertoprud 2008). Other unique features include position and/or presence of several pores and sensilla on somites (Figs. 30A, B, 31A, B, C, D, E), size of spinules on the mandibula (Fig. 30F) and maxilliped (Fig. 30H), and presence of two rows of large spinules on the basal part of the female fifth leg baseoendopod (Fig. 31G). Quite clearly this species has no close relatives among recent congeners. Unfortunately, the males are still unknown.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FF80FFE064D0FACA031DF8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FF9AFFE664D0FB1B07F7FB79.text	6878D460FF9AFFE664D0FB1B07F7FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Itostenhelia Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Genus Itostenhelia gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species. Itostenhelia polyhymnia sp. nov.</p> <p>Other species. Stenhelia (Delavalia) golikovi Chislenko, 1978.</p> <p>Etymology. The new genus name is dedicated to late Dr. Itô Tatsunori, for his contribution to the taxonomy of harpacticoids in general, and stenheliin miraciids in particular. His last name is prefixed to the existing genus name Stenhelia.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Habitus relatively slender in dorsal view, podoplean boundary between prosome and urosome conspicuous. Integument of all somites well sclerotized, prosomites generally smooth and urosomites covered with dense pattern of minute triangular spinules, no cuticular windows or pits. Hyaline fringe of all somites broad and smooth. Rostrum with dorsal transverse suture, bifid tip, pair of dorsal sensilla near tip, and bunch of strong anterior spinules; no dorsal pores. Genital double-somite completely fused along ventral surface but with deep suture indicating original segmentation between genital and third urosomites dorso-laterally, dividing doublesomite into shorter anterior and longer posterior parts; anterior part inflated, perfectly rounded laterally (in dorsal view), without sutures or folds; genital apertures placed ventro-laterally. Preanal somite without surface ornamentation, except for minute spinules. Anal somite cleft medially at posterior half, with wide and almost trilobate anal operculum, with pair of large dorsal sensilla on anal operculum, and posterior row of strong spinules on anal somite, without ventral spinules along medial cleft. Caudal rami cylindrical, from 3.5 to four times as long as wide, with several strong inner spinules in anterior third, and with seven setae (three lateral, one dorsal and three apical), all in posterior sixth of ramus length. Female antennula seven-segmented, but traces of ancestral division present on sixth segment, with distal posterior corner of first segment produced into short process, eighth segment with three lateral and two apical setae; no apical aesthetasc on ultimate segment. Male antennula strongly geniculate and nine-segmented, with additional large aesthetasc on third segment. Antenna composed of short coxa, strong allobasis with few cuticular sutures indicating ancestral segmentation, one-segmented endopod, and three-segmented exopod; endopod with two lateral spines flanking one slender seta. Mandibula without central seta on cutting edge, with six slender setae on small one-segmented endopod, and with two lateral and five apical setae on elongated and curved exopod; three apical exopodal setae strong and spiniform, one of them extremely long. Maxillula composed of praecoxa, coxa, basis, one-segmented endopod, and one-segmented exopod; endopod and exopod not confluent basally, with two and four setae respectively. Maxilla composed of large syncoxa, small basis and even smaller one-segmented endopod; three coxal endites armature formula (starting from dorsal side) 2.3.3; basis with two lateral slender setae and two apical geniculate spines; endopod with four slender setae. Maxilliped not prehensile, four-segmented, with armature formula 0.3.2.2. All swimming legs of similar size and long in comparison to body length, with sharp and long spiniform processes on intercoxal sclerites, spiniform process on inner distal corner of basis of second to fourth leg; all exopods three-segmented, endopod of first leg twosegmented, endopods of second to fourth legs three-segmented, except endopod of second leg in male, which with fused second and third segments and reduced and characteristically modified armature (apical armature consisting of outer spine with distal comb of spinules and two large spinules at midlength, and lateral spiniform seta significantly longer than spine); armature formula of exopods/endopods in female as follows: first leg, 0.1.022/ 1.211; second leg, 1.1.223/1.2.121; third leg, 1.1.322/1.1.321; fourth leg, 1.1.322/1.1.221; inner seta on first endopodal segments of second and third legs slender; distal inner setae on third exopodal and endopodal segments minute at least in third leg; sexual dimorphism only in second leg. Female fifth legs joined with small triangular intercoxal sclerite, with row of posterior spinules on baseoendopod at base of exopod; endopodal lobe with four setae, two inner ones significantly shorter than outer ones; exopod ovoid, more than twice as long as wide, with row of very long spinules along both inner and outer margins (outer ones especially long), with five setae; innermost exopodal seta longest and strongest, second and third exopodal seta from inner side short and slender, outermost seta hardly longer than neighbouring outer spinules. Male fifth leg with fused endopodal lobes forming slightly convex plate, with four spines (two belonging to each leg, very dissimilar in size, inner at least twice as long as outer), long posterior row of spinules between endopodal armature and exopod; exopod ovoid, with several outer spinules, with three inner setae (all short, slender, and smooth) and two apical spines, inner one fused basally to segment, outermost one strongest and longest. Female sixth leg minute, covering genital aperture, with single pinnate seta at outer distal corner, joined with opposite leg via deep ventral suture into single wide and short flap.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FF9AFFE664D0FB1B07F7FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FF9AFFE764D0FF610610FB26.text	6878D460FF9AFFE764D0FF610610FB26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wellstenhelia melpomene Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov.</p> <p>Synonymy. Stenhelia hanstroemi Lang – Kornev &amp; Chertoprud 2008: p. 201, fig. 5.96.</p> <p>Type locality. Russia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=66.497" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.621/lat 66.497)">White Sea</a>, Kandalaksha Gulf, Velikaya Salma Bay, between 30 and 100 m, approximate coordinates 66.497°N 33.621°E.</p> <p>Type material. Hollotype female illustrated by Kornev &amp; Chertoprud (2008) in fig. 5.96, dissected on two slides; paratypes, numerous males and females in alcohol; all deposited at P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; not examined.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Melpomene (Ancient Greek: Μελποµένη), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of tragedy. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female as described by Kornev &amp; Chertoprud (2008) from the White Sea, and illustrated in their figure 5.96 as Stenhelia hanstroemi Lang, 1948. Male not described or illustrated.</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Kornev &amp; Chertoprud (2008) state that this species is very common in the White Sea, on muddy bottoms between 30 and 100 m, although it is not clear if they found any males. They provide a brief description and skilful drawings of the female habitus in lateral view, caudal ramus in dorsal view, first swimming leg, fourth swimming leg, and fifth leg. In the armature formula of the swimming legs they state that the third exopodal segment of the first leg bears three outer spines, while their fig. 5.96B shows a normal condition, with two outer spines. We consider the former a lapsus calami. Also the number of setae on the second endopodal segment of the second leg is questionable, as no other member of Wellstenhellia gen. nov. bears two setae and there is no evidence that either Lang (1948) or Kornev &amp; Chertoprud (2008) studied this appendage in detail. They mention that their population differs slightly from that described by Lang (1948) just in the shape of the fourth leg endopod. However, Wellstenhelia melpomene sp. nov. and Wellstenhelia hanstromi (Lang, 1948) comb. nov. differ in at least the following three characters: relative length of the caudal rami (shorter in Wellstenhelia melpomene), relative length of the inner seta on the first endopodal segment of fourth leg (longer in Wellstenhelia melpomene), and relative length of the female fifth leg armature (all generally longer in Wellstenhelia melpomene). In the light of newly discovered diversity of the Korean sympatric stenheliins, these morphological differences cannot be attributed to intraspecific variability. Both species are morphologically most similar to Wellstenhelia clio sp. nov., and their affinities are discussed in the remarks section of the latter species (see above).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FF9AFFE764D0FF610610FB26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FF9BFF9364D0FAE102A7FCE1.text	6878D460FF9BFF9364D0FAE102A7FCE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Itostenhelia polyhymnia Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Itostenhelia polyhymnia sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 34–42)</p> <p>Type locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.75772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.897057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.75772/lat 34.897057)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 34.897056°N 127.757722°E (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232691), male allotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232692), female paratype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232693), one male paratype and three female paratypes together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232694), four male paratypes and seven female paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232695), type locality, 18 February 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>One male paratype and 15 female paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232696), one female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), type locality, 18 November 2013, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Three female paratypes (one ovigerous) together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232697), five females destroyed for DNA sequence (two successful, Codes 0176 &amp; 0273), type locality, 30 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.73436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.95139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.73436/lat 34.95139)">Three</a> females (two ovigerous) destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 9, muddy sediments, 34.951389°N 127.734361°E (Fig. 1), 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.783806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.76889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.783806/lat 34.76889)">One</a> female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 16, muddy sediments, 34.768889°N 127.783806°E (Fig. 1), 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Polyhymnia (Ancient Greek: Πολυύµνια), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of sacred poetry and song. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female (based on holotype and 12 paratypes). Body length from 405 to 428 µm (424 µm in holotype). Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. Surface appearance of prosomites extremely smooth and without minute pits even when examined on highest magnifications with scanning electron microscope; surface of urosomites mostly covered with numerous irregular rows of minute pits dorsally and laterally (see inset in Fig. 34A), except for hyaline fringes which generally smooth and slightly frilled. Most somite ornamentation similar to Wellstenhelia calliope, and presumed homologous pores and sensilla numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 34A, B, C, 35A, B, C, D, 37A) to allow easier comparison. Habitus (Figs. 34A, B, 39A, 40A, 16A) less robust than in Wellstenhelia calliope, prosome/urosome length ratio about one, body length/width ratio from 3.1 to 3.6, cephalothorax from 1.5 to 1.7 times as wide as genital double-somite.</p> <p>Rostrum (Figs. 34C, 39B) general shape and position of anterior pair of sensilla no. 1 as in Wellstenhelia calliope but with additional bunch of ventral spinules just beyond tip (arrowed in Fig. 34C), with pronounced transverse dorsal suture (arrowed in Fig. 34C), and without dorsal pore no. 2.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 34A, B, 35A, 39B, 40B) about 1.1 times as long as wide; comprising 28% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield with 30 paired or unpaired sensilla and pores, most probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (indicated with Arabic numerals in illustrations), 14 pores and sensilla missing (nos. 6, 10, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 26, 29, 33, 34, 37, 40); absolute and relative positions of some pores and sensilla different; two lateral pairs of sensilla probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia euterpe (indicated with geometric shapes in illustrations); one unique pair of dorsal pores (no. I) and one unique unpaired dorsal sensillum (no. II) located in central part of cephalothorax (also indicated with Roman numerals in illustrations).</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 34A, B, 39C, 40C) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior lateral pair of sensilla no. 44 missing, unique pair of lateral pores (no. III), and unique pair of dorsal sensilla (no. IV).</p> <p>Pleuron of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 34A, B, 35B, 39C, 40C) ornamented as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior pair of dorsal pores no. 51 and anterior lateral pair of sensilla no. 52 missing (latter arrowed in Fig. 35B), and one unique dorsal pair of sensilla (no. V).</p> <p>Pleuron of fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 34A, B, 35B, 39C, 40C) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except pair of anterior lateral pores no. 57 and pair of anterior lateral sensilla no. 62 missing (latter arrowed in Fig. 35B).</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 34A, B, 39D, 40D) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except pair of anterior lateral pores no. 63 missing.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 34A, B, 35C, D, 37A, 39D, 40D) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior part less inflated laterally, genital apertures situated more ventrally, all large spinules missing (arrowed in Figs. 35C, 37A), anterior pair of pores no. 68 missing, and dorsal anterior pairs of sensilla nos. 69 &amp; 70 more widely spaced; only more sclerotized part of genital apparatus visible inside and copulatory pores not visible on surface.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 34A, B, 37A, 40D) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except all large spinules missing and one unique pair of ventral pores (no. VI) present (arrowed in Fig. 37A).</p> <p>Preanal somite (Figs. 34A, B, 37A) without pores and sensilla, with numerous rows of minute spinules on dorsal and lateral sides, as in all urosomites.</p> <p>Anal somite (Figs. 34A, B, 37A, 39E, 40E) general shape and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except ventral spinules along medial cleft (arrowed in Fig. 37A) and lateral pores nos. 79 &amp; 80 missing, and anal operculum well developed, broad and smooth, reaching beyond distal margin of anal somite.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 34A, B, 37A, B, 39E, 40E) shape and armature very similar to those in Wellstenhelia calliope, except dorsalmost lateral setae much stronger and conspicuously directed outwards (arrowed in Fig. 37A); rami cylindrical, about 1.7 times as long as anal somite, 3.5 times as long as wide (ventral view), slightly divergent or parallel, with space between them about one ramus width; ornamentation consisting of several large inner spinules in anterior part, single unique anterior pore in distal part (no. VII; arrowed in Fig. 37B), and several small spinules at base of dorsal and lateral setae and along dorsal and inner surface.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 34D, 39F) similar to that in Wellstenhelia calliope but sixth and seventh segments almost completely fused, and eighth segment with only three lateral setae and without apical aesthetasc (all three features arrowed in Fig. 34D); only ornamentation single short row of small spinules in proximal half of first segment, distal row of spinules missing; aesthetasc on fourth segment reaching distal tip of appendage; setal formula 1.10.8.6+ae.3.(2.5).5.</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 34E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except allobasis and first exopodal segment proportionately slightly shorter.</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 41A) and paragnaths (Fig. 41A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except labrum with additional spiniform process on anterior surface near distal margin.</p> <p>Mandibula (Figs. 35E, F, G, 41A) similar to that in Wellstenhelia calliope but cutting edge without central seta (arrowed in Fig. 35E) and exopod with only one proximal seta (arrowed in Fig. 35G); both coxa and basis with more spinules than in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Maxillula (Figs. 35H, 41A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except exopod and endopod not fused (arrowed in Fig. 35H) and coxa without large anterior spinules.</p> <p>Maxilla (Figs. 35I, 41A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except dorsal endite on syncoxa with only two setae (arrowed in Fig. 35I), syncoxa with only one arched row of outer spinules, and endopod with only four slender setae.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Figs. 35J, 41A) segmentation, armature and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, but outer distal corner of coxa produced into pronounced and blunt process.</p> <p>First swimming leg (Figs. 36A, 41B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except coxa and basis without inner spinules, first endopodal segment much shorter and its inner seta longer and stronger (both arrowed in Fig. 36A), and distal inner seta on second endopodal segment inserted further away from distal margin (arrowed in Fig. 36A).</p> <p>Second swimming leg (Figs. 36B, C, D, 41B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except intercoxal sclerite with sharp distal projections (arrowed in Fig. 36B) and smooth, first endopodal segment with slender seta (arrowed in Fig. 36C), second endopodal segment with two inner setae (arrowed in Fig. 36C), and third exopodal segment with shorter distal inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 36D).</p> <p>Third swimming leg (Figs. 36E, 41B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except intercoxal sclerite with sharp distal projections (arrowed in Fig. 36E), inner distal row of spinules on coxa missing (arrowed in Fig. 36E), third exopodal segment with only two outer spines and distal inner seta short and slender (both arrowed in Fig. 36E), first endopodal segment with slender inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 36E), and distal inner seta on third endopodal segment very short and slender (arrowed in Fig. 36E).</p> <p>Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 36F) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except intercoxal sclerite with sharp distal projections (arrowed in Fig. 36F), third exopodal segment with only two outer spines and distal inner seta short and slender (both arrowed in Fig. 36F), and distal inner seta on third endopodal segment very short and slender (arrowed in Fig. 36F).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 34A, B, 36G, H, 37A, 40D, F) segmentation, general shape, and number of armature elements on endopodal lobe as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except baseoendopod without spiniform process at base of exopod, with row of strong spinules instead (arrowed in Fig. 36H), additional anterior pore at base of basal seta. Exopod ovoid, about 2.1 times as long as greatest width, with long outer spinules (arrowed in Figs. 34A, B, 36G), shorter inner spinules, and anterior pore, with five armature elements, second from inner side much longer than third (arrowed in Fig. 36G). Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1: 2.4: 1.5. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.5: 0.2: 0.7: 0.3.</p> <p>Sixth legs (Fig. 35C, D) simple cuticular plates covering paired genital apertures, inserted close to anterior margin of genital double-somite ventro-laterally, with single bipinnate seta, joined together into short but wide operculum.</p> <p>Male (based on allotype and four paratypes). Body length from 357 to 412 µm (382 µm in allotype). Habitus (Fig. 41C), colour, rostrum, shape and ornamentation of cephalothorax (Figs. 38A, 41D), second pedigerous somite (Figs. 38A, 41D), third pedigerous somite (Fig. 38A, 41D), fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 38A), ornamentation of first urosomite (Fig. 37C), caudal rami (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41F), antenna, labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped, first swimming leg, third swimming leg, and fourth swimming leg as in female.</p> <p>Genital somite (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41E) somewhat wider than in Wellstenhelia calliope and without large spinules; lateral pore no. 68 missing; additionally ornamented with several rows of minute spinules dorso-laterally. Third urosomite (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except ventral row of spinules not interrupted between sensilla pair no. 73 (arrowed in Fig. 38B) and these sensilla also more widely spaced; additionally ornamented with several rows of minute spinules dorso-laterally.</p> <p>Fourth urosomite (Figs. 37C, 38B) pore and sensilla pattern as in female (i.e. unique pore pair no. VI present), but additionally ornamented with ventral row of spinules of various sizes, some quite large.</p> <p>Fifth urosomite (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41F) without pores or sensilla as in female, but with posterior ventral row of spinules of various sizes, some quite large.</p> <p>Anal somite (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41F) as in female, except lateral pores nos. 79 &amp; 80 present in allotype (missing in paratypes).</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41F) about four times as long as wide in ventral view, with two rows of relatively short inner spinules in anterior third.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 41C, D) as in Itostenhelia terpisichore, except completely clasped.</p> <p>Second swimming leg (Fig. 37D) with coxa, basis, and exopod as in female. Endopod significantly transformed, with second and third segment fused (arrowed in Fig. 37D), third segment smaller and without outer spinules (arrowed in Fig. 37D), outer apical spine enlarged, with small inner hump at proximal fifth of its length, mostly smooth, with only two anterior spinules at midlength and short row of slender inner spinules near distal tip; small notch on either side as remnant of ancestral segmentation; proximal seta on ancestral second segment short and slender, about as long as segment’s width; inner spiniform element on ancestral third segment also strong but bipinnate and not transformed, about 1.7 times as long as outer apical spine.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41E) general shape and segmentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope but armature and ornamentation very different; fused endopodal lobes forming slightly convex plate, with four spines (two belonging to each leg; arrowed in Fig. 38B) and long posterior row of spinules between endopodal armature and exopod (arrowed in Fig. 38B); inner endopodal spine almost six times as long as outer one; exopod ovoid, with several outer spinules, with three inner setae (all short, slender, and smooth) and two apical spines, inner one fused basally to segment; outer apical exopodal spine only slightly shorter than inner endopodal spine and length ratio of exopodal armature, starting from inner side, 1: 0.45: 0.6: 0.3: 0.3.</p> <p>Sixth legs (Fig. 37C, 38B, 41E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except right leg distinct at base and more movable.</p> <p>Variability. Most morphological features are extremely conservative, including the sensilla and pores pattern of somites, and length ratio of different armature on appendages. Except for body length, the only other variable feature was the presence/absence of lateral pores on the male anal somite (Figs. 37C, 38B, 41F).</p> <p>Morphological affinities. The Korean Itostenhelia polyhymnia sp. nov. is morphologically very similar to its only congener, the Russian Itostenhelia golikovi (Chislenko, 1978) comb. nov. They show no differences in the antennula, antenna, mouth appendages or swimming legs, and even their sensilla and pores pattern on somites is exactly the same. That, and the fact that the original description of the Russian species by Chislenko (1978) was lacking in detail and contained several inaccuracies, was the reason we redescribe Itostenhelia golikovi below, also providing the first description of the male. Most major differences between these two species are all male characters, and they include proportions of the caudal rami (slightly longer in Itostenhelia polyhymnia), size of the patch of spinules on the inner margin of the caudal rami (smaller in Itostenhelia polyhymnia), relative size of the proximal inner seta on the ancestral second endopodal segment of the second leg (smaller in Itostenhelia polyhymnia), relative length of the inner spiniform seta on the ancestral third endopodal segment of the second leg (shorter in Itostenhelia polyhymnia), shape of the inner margin of the fused ancestral second and third endopodal segments of the second leg (with a noch in Itostenhelia polyhymnia), and length of the outer endopodal seta of the fifth leg (shorter in Itostenhelia polyhymnia). The females are extremely similar and can be distinguished mostly by the habitus size (smaller in Itostenhelia polyhymnia) and shape (more slender in Itostenhelia polyhymnia), in addition to the shape of the sclerotized parts of the genital receptacles (wider posterior parts in Itostenhelia polyhymnia). All these differences are arrowed in the drawings of Itostenhelia golikovi (see Figs. 43A, 44A, 45A, B, D).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FF9BFF9364D0FAE102A7FCE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFEEFF9364D0FC5901ECF9BB.text	6878D460FFEEFF9364D0FC5901ECF9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Itostenhelia polyhymnia Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Itostenhelia polyhymnia sp. nov. L-form</p> <p>(Fig. 42)</p> <p>Locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.78553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.920944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.78553/lat 34.920944)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 34.920944°N 127.785528°E (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined. One female dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232698), two females destroyed for DNA sequence (one amplification successful, Code 0271), 30 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Remarks. Only three females of this large morphotype were collected, two of which were destroyed for DNA analysis. All were significantly longer and larger than the typical Itostenhelia polyhymnia, and the one examined morphologically measured 511 µm. Other differences include somewhat longer caudal rami (arrowed in Fig. 42A), proportionately larger genital double-somite (arrowed in Fig. 42A), and two sensilla on cephalothorax and one on first urosomite missing (all arrowed in Fig. 42A). However, all other morphological details are the same, including the labrum (Fig. 42C) and fifth leg (Fig. 42D), and the COI sequence is indistinguishable too (although it is very short). Thus we have to conclude that this is either dimorphism or a chance mutation. The latter hypothesis seems more likely, as the L-form is very rare compared to the typical form, and all three specimens collected were found in one sample, so there is a chance that they are kin. We have no doubt that these two forms are conspecific, but they are listed separately to better alert readers about their existence.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFEEFF9364D0FC5901ECF9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFEEFF9B64D0F9BB0135FED9.text	6878D460FFEEFF9B64D0F9BB0135FED9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Itostenhelia golikovi (Chislenko 1978) Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Itostenhelia golikovi (Chislenko, 1978) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 43–47)</p> <p>Type locality. Russia, Primorsky Krai, Posyet Bay, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.86166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.609257" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.86166/lat 42.609257)">Minonosok</a> inlet, benthic sands at 3–4 m depth, 42.609258°N 130.861661°E.</p> <p>Specimens examined. Two females dissected on one slide each (collection numbers NIBRIV0000232699 and NIBRIV0000232700), male dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232701), one male and five females together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232702), 10 females (four ovigerous) and two copepodids together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232703), 10 females together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232704), four males and 40 females (10 ovigerous) together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232705), 10 females destroyed for DNA sequence (five amplifications successful, Codes 0734, 0832, 0631, 0330 &amp; 0433), type locality, 06 May 2012, leg. J. Trebyakova.</p> <p>Redescription. Female (based on ten specimens). Body length from 545 to 648 µm. Body segmentation, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness, surface appearance of somites, and all somite ornamentation as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia sp. nov., including all sensilla and pores, and minute dorso-lateral rows of spinules on urosomites. However, colour of preserved specimens more translucent. Habitus (Figs. 43A, B, 46A) more robust than in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, with prosome/urosome length ratio about 1.1, body length/width ratio 3.4, and cephalothorax 1.8 times as wide as genital double-somite. Five specimens with paired egg-sacs, each containing between seven and 10 eggs.</p> <p>Rostrum (Fig. 43C) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, including apical bunch of spinules, dorsal suture, position of anterior pair of sensilla no. 1; only slightly smaller in comparison to cephalothorax.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 43A, B, 46B, 47C) about 0.9 times as long as wide; comprising 26% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield ornamented exactly as in Delavalia polyhymnia (all homologous pores and sensilla indicated with Arabic numerals, geometric shapes or Roman numerals in illustrations).</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 43A, B, 46C, 47D), pleuron of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 43A, B, 46C, 47D), and pleuron of fourth pedigerous somite (Figs. 43A, B, 46C, 47D) ornamented exactly as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia.</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 34A, B) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except slightly narrower both in dorsal and lateral view.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 43A, B, 44A, 46D) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except internal structure slightly narrower (arrowed in Fig. 44A).</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 43A, B, 44A, 46D) and preanal somite (Figs. 43A, B, 44A, 46E) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia.</p> <p>Anal somite (Figs. 43A, B, 44A, 46E) also as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except lateral pore no. 80 present.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 43A, B, 44A, 46E) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except additional field of small spinules present on anterior ventral surface close to inner margin, in addition to large inner spinules.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 43D, 47C) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except sixth and seventh segments completely fused.</p> <p>Antenna, labrum (Figs. 43E, 47A), paragnaths (Fig. 47A), mandibula, maxillula (Fig. 47A), maxilla (Fig. 47B), maxilliped (Fig. 47B), first swimming leg, second swimming leg, third swimming leg (Fig. 44B), and fourth swimming leg (Fig. 44C) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia.</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 43A, B, 44D, 46F) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except pore on basis missing and endopodal lobe slightly more convex. Length ratio of endopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 1.3: 2.9: 1.8. Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 0.5: 0.15: 0.7: 0.3.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Figs. 44A, E, 46F) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except for additional spiniform process next to plumose seta.</p> <p>Male (based on three specimens). Body length from 548 to 604 µm. Habitus, colour, rostrum, shape and all ornamentation of cephalothorax, shape and ornamentation of second, third, and fourth pedigerous somites, ornamentation of first urosomite (Figs. 45A, B, 47E), caudal rami (Figs. 45A, B, 47F), antenna, labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped (Fig. 45C), first swimming leg, third swimming leg, and fourth swimming leg as in female.</p> <p>Genital somite (Figs. 45A, B, 47E) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except lateral pore no. # missing; relatively small spermatophore visible inside, positioned longitudinally on right side, about 3.5 times as long as wide, its neck reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of first urosomite.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Fig. 45A, B) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia.</p> <p>Fourth urosomite (Fig. 45A, B) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except ventral pair of pores no. VI missing (arrowed in Fig. 45A).</p> <p>Preanal and anal somites (Figs. 45A, B, 47F) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 45A, B, 47F) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except slightly shorter (arrowed in Fig. 45A, B) and with additional patch of ventral spinules (arrowed in Fig. 45A), about four times as long as wide in ventral view, with two rows of relatively short inner spinules in anterior third.</p> <p>Antennula (Fig. 44F) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except less clasped; general shape and segmentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope; only ornamentation proximal row of spinules on first segment and two dorsal spinules on sixth segment; aesthetascs on third and fourth segments long and slender, no aesthetasc on ninth segment; setal formula 1.10.6+ae.8+ae.1.2.2.4.5.</p> <p>Second swimming leg coxa, basis, and exopod as in female; endopod (Fig. 45D) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except inner spiniform process marking ancestral boundary between second and third segment missing (arrowed in Fig. 45D), proximal seta on ancestral second segment proportionately longer (arrowed in Fig. 45D), and inner spiniform element on ancestral third segment also proportionately longer (arrowed in Fig. 45D).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 45A, B, 47E) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except outer endopodal spine proportionately much longer (arrowed in Fig. 45A).</p> <p>Sixth legs (Figs. 45A, B, 47E) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia.</p> <p>Variability. One male has the inner spine on left sixth leg curled, while the same element on right sixth leg is straight (Fig. 45A, B).</p> <p>Remarks. Chislenko (1978) reports a different armature formula of the swimming legs for this species than what we have found, with the minute inner distal setae missing on the third endopodal and exopodal segments of the fourth leg, as well as no inner seta on the first and second exopodal segments of the second leg. We examined all newly collected specimens from the type locality for these characters and found these setae always present. This implies that Chislenko (1978) either overlooked these setae (perhaps they were broken off on his specimen), or he was dealing with an aberrant specimen. We are inclined to favour the former, as Chislenko (1978) also provides a drawing of a maxilliped with only two setae on the basis, while all stenheliins have three setae here. Given the similarity of other features between our specimens and those studied by Chislenko (1978), the fact that our specimens were collected exactly from the type locality, and the apparent low diversity of stenheliins there, we believe that there is no chance that were are dealing with a different biological species.</p> <p>Itostenhelia golikovi (Chislenko, 1978) comb. nov. shows very few morphological differences from its Korean congener, Itostenhelia polyhymnia sp. nov., and they are all pointed out in the affinities of the latter species (see above) and also indicated with arrowheads in Figs. 43, 44, 45.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFEEFF9B64D0F9BB0135FED9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFE6FF9A64D0FE4E03BDFE11.text	6878D460FFE6FF9A64D0FE4E03BDFE11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willenstenhelia Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Genus Willenstenhelia gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species. Willenstenhelia thalia sp. nov.</p> <p>Other species. Delavalia minuta A. Scott, 1902; Stehelia (Delavalia) unisetosa Wells, 1967; Willenstenhelia urania sp. nov.; Willenstenhelia terpsichore sp. nov.</p> <p>Etymology. The new genus name is dedicated to Dr. Elke Willen, formerly of the Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, University of Oldenburg, Germany, for her contribution to the taxonomy and phylogeny of stenheliin miraciids. Her last name is prefixed to the existing genus name Stenhelia.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Habitus robust but not spindle shaped in dorsal view, widest at posterior end of cephalothorax but with also very wide first two urosomites; podoplean boundary between prosome and urosome very conspicuous. Integument of all somites relatively weakly sclerotized, prosomites generally very smooth and urosomites with several parallel transverse rows of minute spinules, without cuticular windows or pits. Hyaline fringe of somites broad and smooth. Rostrum with dorsal transverse suture, bifid tip, pair of dorsal sensilla near tip, and pair of dorso-lateral pores near midlength; no spinules. Genital double-somite in female completely fused along ventral surface but with deep suture indicating original segmentation between genital and second urosomites dorsolaterally, dividing double-somite into equally long halves; anterior part inflated and with sharp and posteriorly directed cuticular process in vicinity of laterally placed genital apertures. Preanal somite with large and small spinules. Anal somite clefted medially at posterior half, with wide and almost trilobate anal operculum; ornamented with pair of large dorsal sensilla on anal operculum, posterior row of strong spinules on anal somite, and several large ventral spinules along medial cleft. Caudal rami more or less cylindrical, with slightly wider base, from three to five times as long as wide, completely smooth, and with seven setae (three lateral, one dorsal and three apical), all in posterior sixth of ramus length. Female antennula seven-segmented, but traces of ancestral division present on sixth segment, with distal posterior corner of first segment without spiniform process, and eighth segment with three lateral and two apical setae; no apical aesthetasc on ultimate segment. Male antennula strongly geniculate, nine-segmented, with additional large aesthetasc on third segment. Antenna composed of short coxa, strong allobasis, one-segmented endopod, and three-segmented exopod; endopod with two lateral spines flanking one slender seta. Mandibula without central seta on cutting edge, with six slender setae on small onesegmented endopod, and with three lateral and six apical setae on elongated and curved exopod; four apical exopodal setae strong and spiniform, one of them extremely long. Maxillula composed of praecoxa, coxa, basis, one-segmented endopod, and one-segmented exopod; endopod and exopod fused basally to basis, with two and four setae respectively; endopod wide distally. Maxilla composed of large syncoxa, small basis and even smaller one-segmented endopod; three coxal endites armature formula (starting from dorsal side) 2.3.3; basis with two lateral slender setae and two apical geniculate spines; endopod with four slender setae. Maxilliped not prehensile, three-segmented (two endopodal segments fused), with armature formula 0.3.4. All swimming legs of similar size and long in comparison to body length, with short spiniform processes on intercoxal sclerite and inner distal corner of basis of second to fourth leg, with all exopods three-segmented, endopod of first leg two-segmented, endopods of second to fourth legs three-segmented, except endopod of second leg in male with fused second and third segments; armature formula of exopods/endopods in female as follows: first leg, 0.1.022/1.211; second leg, 0.1.123/1.2.121; third leg, 0.1.223/1.1.121; fourth leg, 0.1.1(2)22(3)/1.0.121; inner seta on first endopodal segments of second and third legs slender; inner seta on first endopodal segment of fourth leg extremely strong and long; no sexual dimorphism in third leg; male second leg with three elements on ancestral third endopodal segment and inner apical seta shorter than outer spine; male fourth leg with very strong and characteristically curved outer spine on second exopodal segment. Female fifth legs fused medially, without posterior spinules or spiniform process on baseoendopod at base of exopod; endopodal lobe with only three elements but with large gap between innermost and two other ones; exopod more or less rectangular in shape, with wide base, about 1.5 times as long as wide, with five setae; innermost exopodal seta inserted on inner margin, while others more or less apical; central exopodal seta short and slender. Male fifth leg with fused endopodal lobes forming slightly convex plate, with two or three dissimilar spines on very narrow bump close to medial line and long posterior row of spinules between endopodal armature and exopod; exopod rectangular, with four or five elements, innermost one always inserted on inner margin, outermost one strong and spiniform. Female sixth leg minute flap covering genital aperture, with single short seta and two minute spines; sixth legs not joined with ventral suture, ventral surface of genital doublesomite completely smooth.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFE6FF9A64D0FE4E03BDFE11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFE7FF8064D0FE0901D2FACB.text	6878D460FFE7FF8064D0FE0901D2FACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willenstenhelia thalia Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Willenstenhelia thalia sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 48–54)</p> <p>Type locality. South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.343414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.53923" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.343414/lat 37.53923)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 37.539231°N 126.343417°E.</p> <p>Specimens examined. Female holotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232706), male allotype dissected on one slide (collection number NIBRIV0000232707), two male paratypes and four female paratypes together on one SEM stub (collection number NIBRIV0000232708), three males and four females destroyed for DNA sequence (four females amplification successful, Codes 0245, 0444, 0146 &amp; 0348), type locality, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Two male paratypes and seven female paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232709), three females destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification successful, Codes 0143, 0241 &amp; 0342), type locality, 30 July 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p>Thirty male paratypes and 30 female paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232710), one female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification successful, Code 0547), South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.78553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.920944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.78553/lat 34.920944)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 34.920944°N 127.785528°E, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Three male paratypes and 12 female paratypes together in ethanol (collection number NIBRIV0000232711), one female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.78553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.920944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.78553/lat 34.920944)">South Sea</a>, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 10, muddy sediments, 34.920944°N 127.785528°E, 18 February 2012, leg. K. Kim.</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.786446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.797195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.786446/lat 34.797195)">One</a> female destroyed for DNA sequence (amplification unsuccessful), South Korea, South Sea, Gwangyang Bay, sampling station 15, muddy sediments, 34.797194°N 127.786444°E, 18 November 2012, leg. K. Kim (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Thalia (Ancient Greek: Θάλεια), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of comedy. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female (based on holotype and six paratypes). Body length from 373 to 441 µm (428 µm in holotype). Body segmentation, colour, nauplius eye, hyaline fringes, integument thickness as in Wellstenhelia calliope sp. nov. Surface appearance of prosomites extremely smooth and without minute pits even when examined on highest magnifications with scanning electron microscope; surface of urosomites mostly covered with numerous irregular rows of minute pits on dorsal and lateral sides, except for hyaline fringes which generally smooth and slightly frilled. Most somite ornamentation also similar to Wellstenhelia calliope, and presumed homologous pore and sensilla numbered with same Arabic numerals (see Figs. 48A, B, C, 49A, B, C, D) to allow easier comparison. Habitus (Figs. 48A, B, 53A) less robust than in Wellstenhelia calliope, with prosome/urosome length ratio about 1.1, body length/width ratio from 2.6 to 2.9, and cephalothorax from 1.6 to 1.7 times as wide as genital double-somite.</p> <p>Rostrum (Figs. 48A, B, C, 53B) general shape and position of anterior pair of sensilla no. 1 as in Wellstenhelia calliope but without dorsal pore no. 2 and with two dorso-lateral pores centrally (no. α).</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Figs. 48A, B, 49C, 53B, 54A, C) about 0.9 times as long as wide; comprising 30% of total body length. Surface of cephalothoracic shield with 28 unpaired and paired sensilla and pores, most of which probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (indicated with Arabic numerals in illustrations), but 17 pores and sensilla missing (nos. 3, 6, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 29, 33, 34, 37, 40); absolute and relative positions of some pores and sensilla differ; one lateral pair of sensilla probably homologous to that in Wellstenhelia euterpe (indicated with geometric shape in illustrations); one unpaired dorsal sensillum (no. II) probably homologous to that in Itostenhelia polyhymnia; three unique pairs of pores located in anterior half, one lateral (no. β) and two dorsal (nos. γ, δ).</p> <p>Pleuron of second pedigerous somite (Figs. 48A, B, 49D) relatively narrow, with only four pairs of posterior sensilla, three probably homologous to Wellstenhelia calliope (nos. 46, 49, 50) and one probably homologous to Wellstenhelia euterpe (no. IV).</p> <p>Pleuron of third pedigerous somite (Figs. 48A, B, 49D) similar to second pedigerous somite in shape and ornamentation, with only four pairs of posterior sensilla, all probably homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (nos. 53, 54, 55, 56).</p> <p>Pleuron of fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 48A, B) with only three pairs of posterior sensilla, all homologous to those in Wellstenhelia calliope (nos. 59, 60, 61).</p> <p>First urosomite (Figs. 48A, B, 53C, F) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except pair of anterior lateral pores no. 63 and pair of dorso-lateral sensilla no. 66 missing; dorsal surface additionally ornamented with several rows of minute spinules, while ventral surface smooth.</p> <p>Genital double-somite (Figs. 48A, B, 49A, B, 53C, F) shape as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except anterior part much more inflated laterally, almost as wide as first urosomite, with lateral expansions produced into posteriorly directed, large spiniform processes (arrowed in Figs. 48B, 49A); paired copulatory pores small ovoid holes in anterior part, situated ventro-laterally; paired genital apertures situated laterally, covered by reduced sixth legs; only more sclerotized part of genital apparatus visible inside; ornamentation similar to that in Wellstenhelia calliope, except most large spinules missing (only three at base of ventral sensillum no. 73, arrowed in Fig49A, and two close to dorsal sensillum no. 71), lateral pair of sensilla no. 72 also missing, and dorsal anterior pairs of sensilla nos. 69 &amp; 70 more widely spaced; dorsal surface additionally ornamented with many parallel rows of minute spinules, ventral surface smooth; no ventral suture between genital apertures.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Figs. 48A, B, 49A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pair of sensilla no. 76 and most large spinules missing, two or three large spinules only at base of sensilla; dorsal surface additionally ornamented with four parallel rows of minute spinules, while ventral surface smooth.</p> <p>Preanal somite (Figs. 48A, B, 49A, 53D) without sensilla as in Wellstenhelia calliope but with pair of unique lateral pores (no. ε), two large posterior spinules dorso-laterally on each side, and three parallel rows of minute dorsal spinules.</p> <p>Anal somite (Figs. 48A, B, 49A, 53D, 54B) general shape and ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except for fewer spinules along medial cleft and distal margin, lateral pores nos. 79 &amp; 80 missing, and anal operculum well developed, broad and smooth, reaching beyond distal margin of anal somite.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 48A, B, 49A, 53D, 54B) shape and armature similar to those in Wellstenhelia calliope, except more elongated, middle lateral seta much shorter and more slender, inner margin without spinules, anterior ventral pore no. 82 moved more towards outer margin (arrowed in Fig. 49A), and posterior ventral pore no. 83 missing; rami cylindrical, about 1.9 times as long as anal somite, 4.6 times as long as wide (ventral view), slightly divergent or parallel, and with space between them about one ramus width.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 48D, 49E, F, 53B) similar to that in Wellstenhelia calliope but sixth and seventh segments almost completely fused, and eighth segment with only three lateral setae and without apical aesthetasc; only ornamentation short row of small spinules in proximal half of first segment and one central row of minute dorsal spinules, distal row of spinules and spiniform process missing; aesthetasc on fourth segment just reaching distal tip of appendage; setal formula 1.10.9.6+ae.3.(4.4).5.</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 48E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except allobasis and first exopodal segment proportionately shorter, endopod with single slender lateral seta, and inner apical fused seta much longer, spiniform, and geniculate.</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 53E) and paragnaths (Fig. 53E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope.</p> <p>Mandibula (Figs. 50A, B, 53E) similar to that in Wellstenhelia calliope, except cutting edge without central seta and with shorter dorsalmost seta, basis with additional row of slender spinules, and exopod with three lateral setae inserted much closer to each other.</p> <p>Maxillula (Figs. 48F, 49G, 53E) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except cutting edge with stronger combs on two ventralmost spines (arrowed in Fig. 48F), basis almost completely fused with endopod and exopod, and endopod much wider distally (arrowed in Fig. 49G).</p> <p>Maxilla (Figs. 50C, 53E, 41A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except dorsal endite on syncoxa with only two setae, syncoxa with only several outer spinules, and endopod with only four slender setae.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Figs. 48G, 53E) segmentation, armature and most ornamentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except outer distal corner of coxa produced into pronounced and blunt process and second endopodal segment fused basally to first endopodal; also setae on first endopodal segment proportionately much longer.</p> <p>First swimming leg (Fig. 50D) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except coxa without proximal row of anterior spinules (arrowed in Fig. 50D) and distal inner seta on second endopodal segmented inserted closer to distal margin.</p> <p>Second swimming leg (Fig. 50E, F) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except first exopodal segment without inner seta, third exopodal segment without distal inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 50F) and second endopodal segment with shorter proximal seta (arrowed in Fig. 50E).</p> <p>Third swimming leg (Fig. 50G) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except intercoxal sclerite with shorter distal projections, coxa without proximal row of spinules (arrowed in Fig. 50G), first exopodal segment without inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 50G), third exopodal segment without distal exopodal setae (arrowed in Fig. 50G) and with three outer spines, and third endopodal segment without proximal or distal inner setae (both positions arrowed in Fig. 50G).</p> <p>Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 51A) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except intercoxal sclerite with sharp distal projections, basis without inner spinules, first exopodal segment without inner setae (arrowed in Fig. 51A), third exopodal segment with only two outer spines and without proximal or distal inner setae (both arrowed in Fig. 51A), first endopodal segment smaller and with longer and stronger inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 51A), second endopodal segment without inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 51A), and third endopodal segment with only one inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 51A).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 49A, 51B, 53F) segmentation as in Wellstenhelia calliope but general shape, armature, and ornamentation very different. Endopodal lobes completely fused, each with three elements, with enormous gap (arrowed in Fig. 51B) between two inner spiniform ones; outer element minute, smooth, and slender (arrowed in Fig. 51B); middle element strongest, unipinnate along outer margin, twice as long as inner element, and 3.5 times as long as outer slender seta. Exopod almost rectangular (arrowed in Fig. 51B), 1.5 times as long as wide, with longitudinal row of outer spinules in distal part, transverse row of inner spinules, one anterior pore and one posterior pore, with five setae, innermost one larger than some spinules (arrowed in Fig. 51B). Length ratio of exopodal setae, starting from inner side, 1: 5.5: 1.5: 1.8: 3.1.</p> <p>Sixth leg (Fig. 49B) simple small cuticular plate covering genital aperture, inserted at midlength of genital double-somite laterally, with single smooth seta flanking short spiniform process.</p> <p>Male (based on allotype and 16 paratypes). Body length from 375 to 403 µm (385 µm in allotype). Habitus (Fig. 52A), colour, rostrum (Fig. 52D), shape and ornamentation of cephalothorax (Figs. 52A, 54A, C), second pedigerous somite (Figs. 52A), third pedigerous somite (Fig. 52A), fourth pedigerous somite (Fig. 52A), ornamentation of first urosomite (Figs. 52A, B, 54E), anal somite (Fig. 52A, B), caudal rami (Figs. 52A, B, 54F), antenna, labrum, paragnaths, mandibula, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped, first swimming leg, and third swimming leg as in female.</p> <p>Genital somite (Figs. 52A, B, 54E) shorter and wider than in Wellstenhelia calliope and without large spinules; lateral pore no. 68 missing; additionally ornamented with several rows of minute spinules dorso-laterally.</p> <p>Third urosomite (Fig. 52A, B) as in Wellstenhelia calliope, except lateral pair of sensilla no. 72 missing, ventral row of spinules not interrupted between sensilla pair no. 73, and these sensilla also more widely spaced; additionally ornamented with several rows of minute spinules dorso-laterally.</p> <p>Fourth urosomite (Fig. 52A, B) pore and sensilla pattern as in female (i.e. lateral sensilla no. 76 missing), except for continuous ventral posterior row of large spinules.</p> <p>Fifth urosomite (Fig. 52A, B) with lateral pore (no. ε) as in female, but with posterior ventral row of spinules of various sizes.</p> <p>Caudal rami (Figs. 52A, B, 54F) long and slender (arrowed in Fig. 52A), about 4.5 times as long as wide in ventral view, with middle lateral seta hardly longer than spinules that flank it.</p> <p>Antennula (Figs. 51D, 54D) as in Itostenhelia terpisichore, except aesthetascs on third and fourth segment shorter, sixth segment with more spinules, and seventh segment with one more seta; setal formula 1.11.5+ae.9+ae.1.2.3.4.5.</p> <p>Second swimming leg (Fig. 52C) with coxa, basis, and exopod as in female. Endopod with second and third segment fused, with only three elements on ancestral segment, and with inner apical element (arrowed in Fig. 52C) shorter than outer.</p> <p>Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 52D) as in female, except outer spine on second exopodal segment strongly curved and sclerotized, highly characteristic and visible even on undissected specimens (arrowed in Fig. 52D).</p> <p>Fifth leg (Figs. 51C, 52A, 54E) general shape, segmentation, and most armature and ornamentation as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except endopodal lobes slightly more pronounced, exopod slightly larger, and number of exopodal and endopodal armature elements often asymmetrical. Endopodal lobe mostly with two elements, inner one twice as long as outer one; third element always innermost and smallest. Exopod 1.4 times as long as wide, with outer margin smooth or with several strong spinules, inner margin always with several small spinules, with four or five armature elements; innermost armature element as in female minute and slender seta, next one longest and slender seta (arrowed in Fig. 52A), third short and slender seta, followed by one or two strong and equally long apical spines. Length ratio of exopodal armature, from inner side, 1: 6.8: 2: 3.5.</p> <p>Sixth legs (Figs. 52B, 54E) as in Itostenhelia polyhymnia, except both legs distinct at base.</p> <p>Variability. Fusion between sixth and seventh antennular segment in female is variable, but is never complete (Fig. 49E, F). Male fifth leg is often asymmetrical (Fig. 51C), with more or less spinules on the endopodal lobe, with or without spinules on the outer margin of exopod, with two or three endopodal armature elements, and with four or five exopodal armature elements. Most morphological features are, however, extremely conservative, including the sensilla and pores pattern of somites, and length ratio of different armature on appendages.</p> <p>Morphological affinities. Willenstenhelia thalia sp. nov. differs from all congeners by the minute inner seta on the female fifth leg exopod (Fig. 51B), minute outermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod (Fig. 51B), and robust and spiniform second seta from outer side on the female fifth leg endopod (Fig. 51B), which can all be considered as autapomorphic character states. It also has a more elongated female fifth leg exopod than any other congener, but this may be a plesiomophy in a larger group of stenheliins. Posteriorly pointed, large spiniform processes on the anterior part of the genital double-somite (Figs. 48B, 49A, B) also may be an autapomorphy, but this feature was not described or illustrated in at least two congeners. All these characters would suggest a somewhat isolated position of Willenstenhelia thalia in the genus Willenstenhelia gen. nov., which is not surprising given that this is the only Pacific representative. Other congeners include Willenstenhelia unisetosa (Wells, 1967) comb. nov. from Mozambique (Indian Ocean), Willenstenhelia urania sp. nov. from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel, Willenstenhelia terpsichore sp. nov. from the Slovenian Coast of the Adriatic Sea (northern Mediterranean), and Willenstenhelia minuta T. Scott, 1902 from the Indian Ocean and the Suez Canal (see below and Scott 1902; Gurney 1927; Lang 1948; Por 1964; Wells 1967; Marinov &amp; Apostolov 1981). The males are still unknown for Willenstenhelia minuta and Willenstenhelia urania, and those for Willenstenhelia terpsichore are described quite incompletely. However, the latter species apparently has both exopodal and endopodal spines (or spiniform setae?) on the male fifth leg fused basally, forming strong spiniform processes, which is very different from the male fifth legs of Willenstenhelia thalia and Willenstenhelia unisetosa. Similarities in the male fifth leg between the latter two species, in addition to an identical armature formula of both male and female swimming legs, and a very similar anal operculum, may suggest that they are more closely related to each other than to other congeners, while the other three species seem to form a relatively compact group, at least as one can judge from a limited set of morphological characters given in their original reports.</p> <p>Willenstenhelia thalia differs from Willenstenhelia unisetosa additionally by much longer caudal rami, more slender habitus, shorter and more spiniform innermost seta on the female fifth leg endopod, larger and more deeply concave space between two inner setae on the female fifth leg endopod, much shorter outer endopodal element on the male fifth leg endopod, and much longer second seta from inner side on the male fifth leg exopod. Wells (1967) also reported only three endopodal setae on the maxilliped and only one setae on the mandibular basis, but this may be because some setae may have been broken off on his specimen, as all other well-studied stenheliids have four endopodal setae on the maxilliped and three basal setae on the mandibula.</p> <p>Willenstenhelia thalia differs from Willenstenhelia minuta, Willenstenhelia urania, and Willenstenhelia terpsichore additionally by the spiniform nature of the innermost element on the female fifth leg endopod, shorter second seta from outer side on the female fifth leg exopod, and presence of long spinules on the female fifth leg exopod. Its caudal rami are also significantly longer than those in Willenstenhelia minuta and Willenstenhelia terpsichore, but comparable in size to those in Willenstenhelia urania.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFE7FF8064D0FE0901D2FACB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFFDFF8764D0FA3A0114FDA4.text	6878D460FFFDFF8764D0FA3A0114FDA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willenstenhelia urania Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Willenstenhelia urania sp. nov.</p> <p>Synonymy. Stenhelia aff. minuta A. Scott – Por 1964: p. 83, pl. 12, figs. 111, 112.</p> <p>Type locality. Israel, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.593&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.3257" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.593/lat 32.3257)">Mediterranean Sea</a>, off Netanya, muddy bottom, 300 m depth, approximate coordinates 32.3257°N 34.593°E.</p> <p>Type material. Hollotype female illustrated by Por (1964) in figs. 111 and 112, dissected on a slide, collected on 8 October 1961, deposited at the Zoology Department of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; not examined.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Urania (Ancient Greek: Ούρανία), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of tragedy. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female as described by Por (1964) from Israel, and illustrated in his figures 111 and 112 as Stenhelia aff. minuta A. Scott, 1902. Male unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. Por (1964) was aware that his single female specimen from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel differed from those of Willenstenhelia minuta (A. Scott, 1902) comb. nov. originally described from the Indian Ocean by Scott (1902) and subsequently reported from the Suez Canal in Egypt by Gurney (1927) (see also Lang 1948), which he expressed both by using the abbreviation “aff.” in front of the species name and by listing three major morphological differences between them: relative length of the caudal rami, armature of the second exopodal segment of the first swimming leg, and armature of the female fifth leg endopodal lobe. In light of the newly discovered diversity of the Korean sympatric stenheliins, these morphological differences cannot be attributed to intraspecific variability. Both species are, however, described only by a very limited set of morphological characters, and their relationship, as well as those between them and other three congeners, cannot be properly assessed without a thorough redescription. At the moment it seems that Willenstenhelia urania sp. nov. is most closely related to Willenstenhelia minuta and Willenstenhelia terpsichore sp. nov. (see below). Their affinities to Willenstenhelia thalia sp. nov. are discussed above, and they all differ from the Mozambique Willenstenhelia unisetosa (Wells, 1967) comb. nov. by much longer caudal rami.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFFDFF8764D0FA3A0114FDA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
6878D460FFFAFF8764D0FD9A069CF80E.text	6878D460FFFAFF8764D0FD9A069CF80E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willenstenhelia terpsichore Karanovic & Kim 2014	<div><p>Willenstenhelia terpsichore sp. nov.</p> <p>Synonymy. Stenhelia (Delavalia) minuta A. Scott – Marinov &amp; Apostolov 1981: p. 66, pl. I, figs. 1–9.</p> <p>Type locality. Slovenia, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.539&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.5387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.539/lat 45.5387)">Adriatic Sea</a>, Piran, muddy bottom, 15 m depth, approximate coordinates 45.5387°N 13.539°E.</p> <p>Type material. Hollotype female as illustrated by Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) in figs. 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, dissected on a slide; female paratype as illustrated by Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) in fig. 4, dissected on a slide; male allotype as illustrated by Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) in figs. 5, 6, 8, dissected on a slide; all collected on 7 August 1971, originally deposited at the the Institut de Pêche, Varna, Bulgaria, but since then lost (Dr. Apostol Apostolov pers. comm.); not examined.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Terpsichore (Ancient Greek: Τερψιχόρη), one of nine Muses from Greek mythology, who was a patron of dance. The species name is a noun in apposition (in the nominative case).</p> <p>Description. Female as described by Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) from Slovenia, and illustrated in thier figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9 as Stenhelia (Delavalia) minuta A. Scott, 1902. Male as described by by Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) from Slovenia, and illustrated in thier figures 5, 6 and 8 as Stenhelia (Delavalia) minuta A. Scott, 1902.</p> <p>Remarks. Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) were aware that their two female specimens from Slovenia differed from those of Willenstenhelia minuta (A. Scott, 1902) comb. nov. in the relative length of the caudal rami (with the length/width index of four). However, they considered that to be a case of intraspecific variability, assuming that their specimens occupy an intermediate position between the typical W. minuta from the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal (with the l/w index of three) and those reported by Por (1964) from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel (with the l/w index of five). As a further evidence of the extreme variability of this supposedly widely distributed species they mentioned and illustrated armature of the female second leg endopod, with or without an inner seta on the third segment. As males were not recorded in the Indian Ocean, Suez or Israeli populations, their characters naturally could not be compared.</p> <p>In our view, and in light of the newly discovered diversity of the Korean sympatric stenheliins, these morphological differences cannot be attributed to intraspecific variability. Thus we name this Adriatic population reported by Marinov &amp; Apostolov (1981) as Willenstenhelia tepsichore sp. nov. Although the caudal rami length of this species has an intermediate value, its geographic position is not intermediate, which means that we are not dealing with a cline. As mentioned above, it would seem that its closest relatives are Willenstenhelia minuta and Willenstenhelia urania sp. nov., but all three species are known from a very limited set of morphological characters and they would need to be redescribed in detail if we are to assess their phylogenetic relationships. In addition to the differences in the length/width ratio of the caudal rami, there are also some differences in the shape of the female fifth leg, as well as in the proportions of different armature elements on this appendage, at least as far as can be judged from their published drawings. Affinities and differences between Willenstenhelia tepsichore and Willenstenhelia thalia sp. nov. are discussed in the affinities section of the latter species, and they both differ from the Mozambique Willenstenhelia unisetosa (Wells, 1967) comb. nov. by much longer caudal rami.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6878D460FFFAFF8764D0FD9A069CF80E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Karanovic, Tomislav;Kim, Kichoon	Karanovic, Tomislav, Kim, Kichoon (2014): New insights into polyphyly of the harpacticoid genus Delavalia (Crustacea, Copepoda) through morphological and molecular study of an unprecedented diversity of sympatric species in a small South Korean bay. Zootaxa 3783 (1): 1-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3783.1.1
