identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC87D5713BFFA034E7FCDE3B3820EE.text	03FC87D5713BFFA034E7FCDE3B3820EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monstrillopsis hastata Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Monstrillopsis hastata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–3)</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: adult male from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.99478&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.589066" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.99478/lat -38.589066)">Western Port Bay</a> (Station G 2VA of Kimmerer &amp; McKinnon 1985), Victoria, Australia (38°35.344’S 144°59.687’E), partially dissected, slide-mounted in glycerine, sealed with Entellan®. Date of collection: 15 May 1983. Slide deposited in MTQ, Australia (cat. MTQW34268).</p> <p>Description. Male: Total body length of adult male holotype: 0.81 mm. Cephalothorax 0.42 mm long, representing 51% of total body length. Antennule 0.38 mm long, representing 47% of total body length and 85% of cephalothorax length (Fig. 1A, B). Oral papilla small, located anteriorly, about 27% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 1A). Pair of relatively large ocelli present, pigment cups moderately developed, separated by less than half eye diameter, weakly pigmented; ventral cup and lateral cups equally sized. Forehead widely rounded, with two large sensilla and field of small cuticular papillae extending to most of cephalic area, including ventral and dorsal surfaces (Fig. 2A, B). Ventral surface of cephalic area bearing two pairs of nipple-like cuticular processes between antennule bases and oral papilla, one pair being small (Fig. 2A). Light pattern of cuticular striation present surrounding these structures, transverse striae reaching also middle ventral surface between nipple-like processes (Fig. 2A).</p> <p>As usual in male monstrilloids, antennules five-segmented, geniculate (Fig. 1C). In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment; elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv, the latter being unusually stiff and slender (Fig. 1C). Fourth segment bearing elements 4d 1,2 and 4v 1-3 as well as IVd. Inner middle margin of segment with pair of subtriangular protuberances near insertion of element 4v (Fig. 1D). Terminal segment with elements 1–6, unbranched elements A–D (on posterior margin), and short medial aesthetasc (Fig. 1D). As usual in male Monstrillopsis, terminal antennular segment modified, with inner rounded expansion and elongate, sabre-like distal half representing 58% of segment length; inner expansion ornamented with four spinules (arrowed in Fig. 1C).</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 33% of total body length in dorsal view. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 sub-rectangular, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin, simple lateral seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, lightly setulate and four times longer than on other legs. Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 3A–C). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer setae on exopodal segments 1 and 3, and inner seta of first exopodal segment, these all being short and slender. Also, outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin smooth, inner margin lightly setose.</p> <table><tr><td colspan="2">Armature formula of swimming legs:</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr><td>&nbsp;</td> <td>basis</td> <td>endopodite</td> <td>exopodite</td></tr> <tr><td>leg 1</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-1;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-1;0-1;I,2,2</td></tr> <tr><td>legs 2–4</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-1;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-1;0-1;I,1,2,2</td></tr> </table> <p>Fifth legs absent. Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous somite, genital somite with genital apparatus, one free postgenital somite, and large anal somite possibly incorporating fused preanal somite (Fig. 2E). Ventral surface of genital somite forming enlarged base of cylindrical shaft with distal genital lappets. Lappets represented by divergent pair of posteriorly directed cylindrical processes, each tapering distally into nipple-like process and reaching distal margin of anal somite (Fig. 2C–E). Anal+preanal somite large, representing 37% of urosome, ornamented with posterior hyaline fringe of short spines on dorsal surface; similar ornamentation also present on dorsal surface of succeeding free postgenital somite (arrows in Fig. 2C). Anal+preanal somite with irregular posterior margin in dorsal view (Fig. 2E). Caudal rami subrectangular, symmetrical, divergent, approximately 1.3 times longer than wide, each ramus bearing four setae (Fig. 2C,E).</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>Type locality. Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia (38°35.344’S 144°59.687’E).</p> <p>Etymology. An adjective derived from the Latin noun hasta, meaning spear, the specific epithet makes reference to the unusually stiff, spear-like setal element IIIv of the fourth antennular segment.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Third antennular segment bearing stiff seta IIIv, fourth segment with two nipple-like protuberances. Terminal antennular segment modified, with inner rounded expansion and elongate distal half, latter sabre-like and representing 58% of length of segment; inner expansion of this segment ornamented with four spinules. One free postgenital somite; preanal and anal somites apparently fused with no trace of intersegmental suture. Genital complex of type II (defined below), with mammiliform distal tips of lappets. Spinous hyaline fringe posteriorly on dorsal surface of fused preanal+anal somites and free postgenital somite.</p> <p>Remarks. This male specimen is easily assignable to the genus Monstrillopsis by its possession of a distinctively modified fifth antennular segment, with an inner rounded protuberance and an attenuated, sabre-like distal half (see Huys &amp; Boxshall 1991; Suárez-Morales et al. 2006). The position of the oral papilla far anteriorly on the cephalothorax, the fully developed eyes, and the presence of four setal elements on the caudal rami are also regarded as diagnostic of this genus (Sars 1921; Suárez-Morales et al. 2006). This specimen has a reduced number of free postgenital somites compared to its congeners, one instead of two: as mentioned in the descriptive section, the preanal and anal somites appear to be completely fused, without traces of an intersomite suture. This condition is usually found in males of Cymbasoma and has not been known to occur in Monstrillopsis except for incomplete fusion marked by a ventral suture and lateral constrictions in M. chathamensis Suárez-Morales &amp; Morales- Ramírez, 2009 (Suárez-Morales &amp; Morales-Ramírez 2009) and also in Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum, described in the present work. In other species of the genus in which the division of the preanal and anal somites is fully expressed, as in Mon. sarsi (Isaac, 1974), Mon. chilensis Suárez-Morales, Ramírez &amp; Derisio, 2008 (Suárez- Morales et al. 2008), and Mon. cahuitae Suárez-Morales &amp; Carrillo, 2013 (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013), the anal somite is short.</p> <p>Among the males of Monstrilla and Monstrillopsis there are two main types of genital complex, one of which is represented by a long, cylindrical apparatus with paired distal globose processes (type I). This kind of genital structure has been recorded mainly in species of Monstrilla (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013), but also in Monstrillopsis fosshageni (Suárez-Morales &amp; Dias 2001) and its congener Mon. cahuitae (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013). The type II apparatus is similar to that present in our specimen, with a short shaft and relatively long, basally separated lappets. This kind of genital complex was earlier reported in two other species of Monstrillopsis, Mon. chilensis Suárez-Morales, Bello-Smith and Palma, 2006 from the Beagle Channel (Suárez-Morales et al. 2008) and Mon. chathamensis from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Suárez-Morales &amp; Morales-Ramírez 2009). The present new species has a type II genital complex but differs from its above-mentioned congeners in having mammiliform, not rounded, lappet tips. The new species also differs in characters of the antennule structure; it has a longer terminal sabre-like process of the fifth segment than in Mon. chilensis and Mon. chathamensis and it also has a set of 4–5 spinules on the proximal rounded process of the segment, whereas this process is naked in Mon. chathamensis and in two of the four Australian species described herein. This process is ornamented with a patch of minute spinules in Mon. chilensis (Suárez-Morales et al. 2008). A set of spiniform elements is present in another Australian species described herein, Mon. nanus sp. nov., but the genital lappets have a different structure.</p> <p>The present new species can be distinguished from all other species of Monstrillopsis on the basis of: 1) the stiff seta IIIv, which is usually flexible, not so rigid or spiniform as here, in both Monstrillopsis and other known monstrilloids; 2) the presence of two nipple-like protuberances on the fourth antennular segment (Fig. 1D), a feature not hitherto reported in any monstrilloid; 3) the mammiliform distal tips of the genital lappets; and 4) the spinous hyaline fringes on the dorsal surface of the free postgenital (preanal) and anal somites. A similar fringe was described in both Mon. chathamensis and Mon. chilensis, but only on the anal somite and at a more posterior position (Suárez-Morales &amp; Morales-Ramírez 2009; Suárez-Morales et al. 2008).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D5713BFFA034E7FCDE3B3820EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D5713EFFAD34E7FE3B3B862581.text	03FC87D5713EFFAD34E7FE3B3B862581.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 4–5)</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: adult male from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.95134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.04305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.95134/lat -38.04305)">Port Phillip Bay</a>, (Station C of Kimmerer &amp; McKinnon 1985), Victoria, Australia (38°2.583’S; 144°57.08’E), partially dissected, slide-mounted in glycerine, sealed with Entellan®. Date of collection: 5 January 1984. Slide deposited in MTQ, Australia (cat. MTQW24269).</p> <p>Description. Male: Total body length of adult holotype: 0.91 mm. Cephalothorax 0.45 mm long, representing almost 50% of total body length. Antennule 0.42 mm long, about as long as cephalothorax (Fig. 4A, B) and representing almost 50% total body length. Oral papilla small, located anteriorly, about 26% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 4C, D). Pair of relatively large ocelli present, pigment cups moderately developed, separated by less than half eye diameter, weakly pigmented; ventral cup slightly larger than lateral cups. Forehead rounded, moderately protuberant, with no observable cuticular ornamentation. Ventral surface of cephalic area bearing low, rounded process between bases of antennules (arrowed in Fig. 4C). One pair of weakly developed nipple-like cuticular processes on anterior ventral surface between antennule bases and oral papilla (arrowed in Fig. 4D). Otherwise, cephalic ventral surface smooth except for faint preoral horizontal striations (Fig. 4C, D).</p> <p>As usual in male monstrilloids, antennules five-segmented, geniculate (Fig. 4A, 5E). In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment, elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv. Segment four bearing elements 4d 1,2 and 4v 1-3 as well as IVd (Fig. 5E). Following Huys et al.’s (2007) nomenclature, armature of terminal segment including elements 1 and 4–7 as well as unbranched elements A–D (latter on posterior margin). As usual in male Monstrillopsis, terminal antennular segment modified: inner expansion on proximal half bearing rounded process (arrowed in Fig. 5E), with no special ornamentation; distal half forming remarkably long, distally curved, sabrelike structure representing 64% of length of segment (Fig. 5E).</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 29% of total body length in dorsal view. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 sub-rectangular, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin, naked lateral seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker and 2.5 times longer than in other legs, reaching beyond distal margin of first exopodal segment, and lightly setulate from distal 2/3 (arrow in Fig. 5A). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 5A). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer seta on exopodal segments 1 and 3 and inner seta of first exopodal segment, these all being short and slender. Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin spinulose, inner margin lightly setulate (Fig. 5B).</p> <p>Armature formula of swimming legs as in Monstrillopsis hastata.</p> <p>Fifth legs absent. Urosome consisting of five somites: fifth pedigerous somite, genital somite with genital apparatus, two free postgenital somites (second of which referred to as preanal somite), and anal somite. Preanal and anal somites partially fused, with suture visible in ventral view (arrow in Fig. 4E) and bilateral intersomite constriction. Ventral surface of genital somite forming enlarged base of cylindrical shaft with elongate distal genital lappets. Genital complex of type II. Lappets represented by pair of posteriorly directed, divergent, arm-like processes with rounded tips. Lappets reaching to midlength of anal somite (Fig. 5C, D). Caudal rami subrectangular, weakly divergent, approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, each ramus bearing four setae.</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.95134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.04305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.95134/lat -38.04305)">Port Phillip Bay</a>, Victoria, Australia (38°2.583’S; 144°57.08’E).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet, a genitive noun, makes reference to the Boonwurrung people, a Kulin nation of aboriginal Australians who are the traditional owners of the coast and land along the northern, eastern, and southern shorelines of Port Phillip Bay. The name was Latinized using the masculine plural form.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Terminal antennular segment strongly modified, with smooth inner rounded expansion and elongate distal half, latter sabre-like and representing more than 60% of length of segment. Cephalothorax with anterior ventral protuberance on cephalic part, widely separated from oral papilla. Two free postgenital somites present before anal somite, with preanal and anal somites partially fused but well distinguishable. Genital complex of type I, its lappets with rounded tips. Caudal rami with four setae.</p> <p>Remarks. This new species shares several important characters with its Australian congener Mon. hastata sp. nov., including the position of the oral papilla, the body proportions, the presence of four caudal setae, the remarkably elongate sabre-like antennular process, and the general structure of the genital complex (type II). Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum differs from Mon. hastata in several ways, including 1) the presence of an antero-ventral cephalic protuberance, which is absent in Mon. hastata; 2) the presence of a ventral suture and lateral constriction dividing the preanal and anal somites, vs. fused somites in Mon. hastata; 3) a relatively longer distal sabre-like process of the fifth antennular segment (58% of that segment’s length in Mon. hastata vs. 64% in the present species); 4) the lack of ornamentation on the same segment’s proximal rounded process, which has a row of four spiniform elements in Mon. hastata; 5) the subquadrate intercoxal plates, vs. rectangular plates in Mon. hastata; and 6) the distally rounded lappets of the genital complex vs. distally attenuated lappets with nipple-like tips in Mon. hastata. In addition, the perioral cuticular ornamentation and the development of the post-antennular nipple-like processes are clearly weaker in Mon. boonwurrungorum (see Fig. 4D) than in Mon. hastata (Fig. 2A).</p> <p>This male specimen differs from all its known congeners in having a very long sabre-like distal part of the fifth antennular segment, comprising more than 60% the length of the segment, and a smooth proximal inner rounded protuberance on that segment. An anteroventral cephalic protuberance between the antennular bases has been observed previously only in two other species of the genus, Mon. cahuitae (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013) from Costa Rica and Mon. fosshageni Suárez-Morales &amp; Dias, 2001 from off Brazil. In these two species the process arises very close to the oral papilla (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013 fig. 4D; Suárez-Morales &amp; Dias 2001 fig. 36), not widely separated from it as in Mon. boonwurrungorum (see Fig. 4C). Also, the genital complex is of type I in both of these species but type II in Mon. boonwurrungorum, and the distal sabre-like antennular process of the fifth antennular segment is clearly shorter in Mon. cahuitae (32% of segment length) and Mon. fosshageni (43%) than in Mon. boonwurrungorum (64%). In addition, Mon. boonwurrungi has only four caudal setae vs. six in Mon. cahuitae (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013); the number of setal elements is unknown in Mon. fosshageni.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D5713EFFAD34E7FE3B3B862581	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D57133FFA934E7FADB3C862005.text	03FC87D57133FFA934E7FADB3C862005.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monstrillopsis nanus Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Monstrillopsis nanus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 6–8)</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: adult male from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.34583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.34583/lat -22.466667)">Giralia Bay</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.34583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.34583/lat -22.466667)">Exmouth Gulf</a>, Western Australia (22°28’S; 114°20.75’E; McKinnon &amp; Ayukai 1996), undissected, ethanol-preserved, slide mounted in glycerine, sealed with <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.34583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.34583/lat -22.466667)">Entellan</a> ®. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.34583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.34583/lat -22.466667)">Date</a> of collection: 25 September, 1994. Slide deposited in WAMC, Australia (cat. WAMC55071).</p> <p>Description. Male: Total body length of adult holotype 0.50 mm. Cephalothorax 0.25 mm long, representing 50% of total body length. Antennule 0.23 mm, relatively long, 1.15 times as long as cephalothorax and representing 48% of total body length (Fig. 6A, B). Oral papilla small, located anteriorly, about 35% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 6A). Pair of relatively small ocelli present, pigment cups moderately developed, separated by less than half eye diameter, weakly pigmented on outer rim; ventral cup slightly larger than lateral cups. Forehead nubbly, with medial rounded protrusion (Fig. 7C, D). Ventral surface of cephalic area with single pair of nipple-like cuticular processes and adjacent field of transverse cuticular striations between antennule bases and oral papilla (Fig. 7D).</p> <p>As usual in male monstrilloids, antennules five-segmented, geniculate (Fig. 7A). In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment; elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv. Segment four bearing elements 4d 1,2 and 4v 1,2 (Fig. 7B) (element 4v 3 not observed), as well as elements IVd and IVv. A spiniform setal element observed between elements IVd and IVv, not identifiable by position following Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995),thus provisionally designated as element 4v 1 (Fig. 7A). Following Huys et al. ’s (2007) nomenclature, armature of terminal segment including elements 1, 2, 5, and 6, plus unbranched elements A–D on posterior margin. Terminal antennular segment modified, inner rounded expansion ornamented with row of five short, spiniform elements; elongate distal half sabre-like, curved distally, comprising 50% of segment length.</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 33% of total body length in dorsal view. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 sub-rectangular, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin, naked outer basipodal seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, lightly setulate, and 3.5 times longer than that on leg 1, 2 times longer than those on legs 2 and 4, reaching well beyond distal margin of second exopodal segment (Fig. 8B). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 8A–C). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer seta on exopodal segments 1 and 3 and inner seta of first exopodal segment, these all being short and slender. Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin smooth, inner margin lightly setulate.</p> <p>Armature formula of swimming legs as in Monstrillopsis hastata sp. nov.</p> <p>Fifth legs absent. Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous somite, genital somite with genital apparatus, one free postgenital somite, and large anal somite possibly incorporating fused preanal somite as described above in Mon. hastata. Anal somite comprising 35% of length of urosome. Dorsal surface of genital somite with row of hyaline papillae along distal margin. Ventral surface of genital somite forming enlarged base of short, cylindrical shaft with distal genital lappets. Genital complex of type II. Lappets represented by pair of short, posteriorly directed but moderately divergent bulbous processes (Fig. 6 C, D); lappets reaching to about midlength of anal somite. Caudal rami subrectangular, weakly divergent, approximately 1.8 times longer than wide, each ramus bearing five setae.</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.34583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.34583/lat -22.466667)">Giralia Bay in Exmouth Gulf</a>, Western Australia (22°28’S; 114°20.75’E).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet, a noun in apposition, is from the Latin noun nanus, meaning dwarf, to emphasize the size of this species, the smallest among its known congeners. The noun is used in masculine gender to match that of the specimen examined.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Remarkably small species, total body length 0.50 mm. Terminal sabre-like process of fifth antennule relatively short, representing 50% of segment length. Genital complex of type II, with short shaft and globose terminal lappets. Anteriormost section of prosome, between antennules, with distinctive nubbly surface. Oral papilla situated at 35% of length of cephalothorax. Caudal rami with five caudal setae.</p> <p>Remarks. With a total body length of 0.50 mm, Mon. nanus sp. nov. is the smallest Monstrillopsis known, followed by Mon. cahuitae from Central America (Suárez-Morales et al. 2013) that measures 0.55 mm. Among the Monstrilloida, only Monstrilla pygmaea Suárez-Morales, 2000 (0.43 mm) and Mon. minuta Isaac, 1975 (0.49 mm) are smaller. In addition, the proximal rounded process of the fifth antennular somite is clearly weaker than in the other three Australian congeners and the terminal sabre-like process is relatively shorter than in the other Australian species (50% vs. 58–64% of fifth segment length). The genital apparatus of Mon. nanus, with a short shaft and globose terminal lappets, also differs from that found in its Australian congeners. This combination of characters has not been found in any other species of Monstrillopsis.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D57133FFA934E7FADB3C862005	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D57137FFA934E7FE5F3EF027B9.text	03FC87D57137FFA934E7FE5F3EF027B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australomonstrillopsis Suarez-Morales & McKinnon 2014	<div><p>Genus Australomonstrillopsis Suárez-Morales &amp; McKinnon gen. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis for males. Cephalothorax with paired perioral sac-like protrusions on ventral surface and folds on dorsal surface. Antennules geniculate, five-segmented; terminal antennular segment bearing two inner rounded expansions; apical element 2 modified into short, curved sabre-like structure, element 1 subequally long. Cephalothorax with anteroventral perioral sac-like protuberances and dorsal cuticular folds. Legs 1–4 with usual segmentation and armature of monstrilloids except for absence of inner seta on first exopodal segment. Fifth legs absent. Urosome 5-segmented. Genital complex poorly developed, with extremely short shaft and minute, rounded lappets. Postgenital somite with ventral rounded process. Caudal rami with 5 setae, rami symmetrical but strongly modified, massively developed, with several protuberances armed with one or two setae each. Females unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. Combined name referring to Australia, the country from which it was first collected and Monstrillopsis, the genus to which it has the closest morphological affinity.</p> <p>Type species. Australomonstrillopsis crassicaudata sp. nov.</p> <p>Remarks. The new genus is erected to accommodate a male specimen with a remarkable combination of important genus level characters not present in any other genus of the Monstrilloida. It has a 5-segmented geniculate antennule that resembles that of Monstrillopsis in its general structure and armature, particularly in the presence of an inner protuberance of the last segment and the structure of the apical elements. Setal element 2 (sensu Huys et al. 2007) forms a distinctive sabre-like structure in males of Monstrillopsis (Huys &amp; Boxshall 1991; Suárez-Morales et al. 2006) and element 1 is relatively short, as in Mon. fosshageni, Mon. chathamensis, and Mon. cahuitae (Suárez-Morales &amp; Dias 2001; Suárez-Morales &amp; Morales-Ramírez 2009; Suárez-Morales et al. 2013). In the new genus element 2 is short, curved and only slightly longer than element 1. This character is not present in males of Monstrillopsis. Another unique character present in the new genus is the peculiar cuticular processes of the cephalothorax, forming sac-like protuberances on the anteroventral surface but also dorsal folds. An important apomorphy found in this genus is the absence of an inner seta on the first segment of the exopods of legs 1–4. The absence of such a seta is shared only with Maemonstrilla (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008).</p> <p>As in males of Monstrillopsis and Cymbasoma, but also in species of Monstrilla, the fifth legs are absent, but the extremely reduced genital complex diverges not only from those found in Monstrillopsis but from all other known monstrilloids for which males have been described (Suárez-Morales &amp; Dias 2001; Suárez-Morales et al. 2006; Suárez-Morales &amp; Morales-Ramírez 2009; Suárez-Morales et al. 2013). This genital complex has some resemblance with that depicted for Monstrilla cf. helgolandica Scott, 1909 (Huys &amp; Boxshall 1991). The presence of a ventral process on the first post-genital somite is also a unique character; the ventral surface of all postgenital somites is always smooth. This kind of structure has not been described in any other monstrilloid; its function and/ or homology are intriguing. The urosome segmentation is similar to that found among males of Monstrillopsis, but the remarkably odd structure of the caudal rami with a massive size and bearing armed lobes is probably the most striking character of this genus; it strongly diverges from the usual pattern found among the Monstrilloida. The number of caudal setae, which is 5 in the new genus, falls within the range known in males of Monstrillopsis (4–6). The new genus is monotypic.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D57137FFA934E7FE5F3EF027B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D57137FFB534E7F8C03A45207B.text	03FC87D57137FFB534E7F8C03A45207B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australomonstrillopsis crassicaudata Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Australomonstrillopsis crassicaudata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 9–10)</p> <p>Material examined. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Adult</a> male from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Davies Reef</a>, Queensland, Australia (19°7.34’S; 146°53.024’E), undissected, ethanol-preserved, slide-mounted in glycerine, sealed with <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Entellan</a> ®. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Date</a> of collection: 5 October, 1985. Slide deposited in MTQ, Australia (cat. MTQW34270).</p> <p>Description. Male: Total body length of adult holotype 0.54 mm. Cephalothorax 0.25 mm long, representing 47% of total body length. Antennule 0.22 mm long, representing 81% of cephalothorax length (Fig. 9B, 10F). Oral papilla small, located anteriorly, about 25% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (arrowed in Fig. 9B). Pair of ocelli present, pigment cups moderately developed, separated by half eye diameter, weakly pigmented; ventral cup about as large as lateral cups. Forehead rounded. Ventral surface of perioral area with three sac-like protrusions (Fig. 9B, D), one between usual nipple-like processes and surrounded by field of transverse cuticular striae, additional pair of larger processes flanking oral papilla (arrowed in Figs 9B, 10F). Cephalothorax with irregular pattern of coarse cuticular folds and protuberances visible in lateral and ventral views (Figs 9B, 10F).</p> <p>Antennules five-segmented, geniculate (Fig. 9A). In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment, biserially setulate; elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv; element 3 remarkably long, reaching to midlength of fourth segment. Segment four bearing elements 4d 1 and 4v 1-3 as well as IVv and IVd. In terms of Huys et al. ’s (2007) nomenclature, terminal segment with reduced armature, only elements 1, 2, and 5 and unbranched elements A–D being present on both antennules. Terminal antennular segment with low inner rounded expansion and secondary rounded protuberance on proximal half, and distal half modified as short, distally curved, sabre-like structure (Fig. 10A).</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 27% of total body length in dorsal view. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 sub-quadrate (legs 1 and 2) to sub-rectangular (legs 3 and 4), without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin, naked lateral seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, lightly setulate from base, and 3.5–4 times longer than in other legs, reaching well beyond distal margin of exopodal ramus (Fig. 10C). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 10A, B). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer seta on exopodal segments 1 and 3 and inner seta of first exopodal segment, these all being short and slender. Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin smooth, inner margin lightly spinulose. There is no inner seta on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4 (Fig. 10A, B).</p> <table><tr><td colspan="2">Armature formula of swimming legs:</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr><td>&nbsp;</td> <td>basis</td> <td>endopodite</td> <td>exopodite</td></tr> <tr><td>leg 1</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-1;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-0;0-1;I,2,2</td></tr> <tr><td>legs 2–4</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-1;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-0;0-1;I,1,2,2</td></tr> </table> <p>Fifth legs absent. Urosome consisting of five somites: fifth pedigerous somite, genital somite with genital apparatus, two free postgenital somites, and anal somite, longer than second free postgenital somite. Ventral surface of genital somite forming protuberant base of very short shaft with distal genital lappets. Lappets represented by pair of rounded, poorly developed, posteriorly directed processes separated by shallow medial notch (Fig. 9C). Postgenital somite bearing ventral rounded process (arrowed in Fig. 10E). Caudal rami each with five setae, but rami of remarkably unusual form: massively developed, almost as long as anal and preanal somites combined, with transverse suture resembling intersegmental division (Fig. 10D). Each ramus with several processes, each being armed distally with one seta. Innermost process longest, cylindrical, with outer basal secondary process, each process armed with single terminal seta. Other processes including medial one armed with single seta and outer one, with two setae (Fig. 9C).</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>Type locality. Davies Reef, Queensland, Australia (19°7.34’S; 146°53.024’E).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet, an adjective, is a combination of two Latin terms, crassus meaning bulky, and cauda meaning tail or posterior appendage. It refers to the unusual development and size of the caudal rami.</p> <p>Remarks. This male specimen is similar to those of the genus Monstrillopsis in the possession of a modified fifth antennular segment with inner rounded protuberances and an attenuated distal half resembling a short, curved, sabre. Also, the oral papilla is far anterior on the cephalothorax (Sars 1921; Suárez-Morales et al. 2006). As described and discussed in the genus comparisons, this species has a combination of characters not found in any other known monstrilloid, such as the reduced genital complex, the sac-like protuberances in the perioral area of the cephalothorax, the absence of an inner seta on the first exopodal segment of legs 1–4, the presence of a process on the ventral surface of the postgenital somite, and the remarkable, highly modified structure of the caudal rami, with a development and size which are unique among all known monstrilloids. The female of this species is unknown but it is expected that it could be easily recognizable by the presence of these unique characters, particularly the modified caudal rami and the lack of an inner seta on the first exopodal segment of legs 1–4.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D57137FFB534E7F8C03A45207B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D5712BFFB134E7FE523C8824FB.text	03FC87D5712BFFB134E7FE523C8824FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maemonstrilla ohtsukai Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Maemonstrilla ohtsukai sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 11–13)</p> <p>Material examined. Adult female holotype from Western Port Bay, Victoria, (38°35.344’S; 144°59.687’E; Station G of Kimmerer &amp; McKinnon 1985) slides mounted in glycerine, sealed with Entellan ®, undissected, collected 5 January 1984 (cat. MTQW34271). Additional locality: Hamelin Pool Channel, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.73077&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.632883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.73077/lat -25.632883)">Shark Bay</a>, Western Australia (25°37.973’S; 113°43.846’E; Kimmerer et al., 1985). Date of collection: 16 June 1983. Note: Figures are based on a paratype specimen from Hamelin Pool Channel, that is now lost.</p> <p>Description. Female: Mean total body length of specimens in type series 0.62 mm, range 0.49–0.82 mm (n=4), holotype 0.62 mm. Cephalothorax representing up to 64% of total body length (Fig. 11A, C), robust, not bulbous, 0.35– 0.52 mm long (n=4), holotype 0.39 mm. Cephalothorax with reticulate pattern of low ridges on dorsal and ventral surfaces, reticulation reaching pedigerous somites 2–4 and observed also on antennular segments. High reticular ridges only on “forehead” region (Fig. 11 B, D). Antennules relatively long, 0.12–0.18 mm (holotype 0.16 mm), representing 42% of cephalothorax length (Fig. 11A, C). Oral papilla relatively small, located anteriorly, about 20% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 11C). Pair of relatively large ocelli present, pigment cups weakly developed, separated by less than half eye diameter, unpigmented; ventral cup slightly larger than lateral cups. Three pairs of nipple-like cuticular processes on anterior ventral surface between antennule bases and oral papilla (arrowed in Fig. 11 B, C).</p> <p>Antennule four-segmented, with weak division between segments 3 and 4 (Fig. 13F). In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment, biserially setulate; elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment, element IIv broken off, socket observable. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv. Segment four bearing elements 4d 1,2 and 4v 1-3 as well as IVd, IVv, Vd, Vm, and 5. Elements of groups 2v and 3 longer than those of groups 4d and 4v. Outer distal b 1-3 and also b 4-5 setae unbranched. Apically, only element 6 2 together with aesthetasc 6aes present, element 6 1 absent in all specimens examined.</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 38% of total body length in dorsal view. Dorsal surface of fourth pedigerous somite with row of four short pit setae (sensu Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka, 2008) near posterior margin. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 sub-rectangular, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin, naked lateral seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, biserially setulate, and 3.5 times longer than on other legs, reaching well beyond distal margin of exopodal ramus (Fig. 13C). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 13A–D). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer setae on exopodal segments 1 and 3, that on third exopodal segment with both margins smooth. Outer margin of third exopodal segment of legs 1–4 with patch of minute spinules (arrowed in Fig. 13B–D). Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin spinulose, inner margin lightly setulate (Fig. 13E). No inner seta on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4.</p> <table><tr><td colspan="2">Armature formula of swimming legs:</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr><td>&nbsp;</td> <td>basis</td> <td>endopodite</td> <td>exopodite</td></tr> <tr><td>leg 1</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-0;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-0;0-1;I,2,2</td></tr> <tr><td>legs 2–4</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-0;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-0;0-1;I,1,2,2</td></tr> </table> <p>Fifth legs paired, rod-like, with two setae, one distal, one subdistal (Fig. 12D); legs reaching to posterior margin of preanal somite. Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous somite, compound genital somite with transverse suture at midlength, and two free postgenital somites, i.e. the preanal and anal somites (Fig. 12 A– D). Ventral surface of genital somite bearing ovigerous spines arising from low conical projection of anterior half of compound somite. Posterior half of genital compound somite with weakly developed ventral protuberance (arrowed in Fig. 12A). Copulatory opening located on ventral surface at posterior base of ovigerous spine cone (arrowed in Fig. 12C). Tips of ovigerous spines reaching to between legs 2 and posterior margin of cephalothorax. Spines cylindrical, smooth, and straight in proximal two-thirds; distal one-third either with moderately swollen bulbous process or tapering and curving distally (Fig. 12A, C, D). Caudal rami subrectangular, weakly divergent, approximately 1.8 times longer than wide, each ramus bearing six setae. Inner dorsal seta thinnest (seta VII of Huys &amp; Boxshall 1991; arrowed in Fig. 12D).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Susumu Ohtsuka, Hiroshima University, Japan, for his remarkable contributions to the knowledge of the taxonomy and ecology of the marine Copepoda, including the description of the genus Maemonstrilla.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small species, of less than 1 mm in total body length. Cuticular ridges present on cephalothorax, antennules, and pedigerous somites. Reticulation absent from urosomites and caudal rami. Oral papilla small, with no particular features. Pigmented spots absent from body. Inner seta absent on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4; outer margin of coxa of legs 1–4 smooth. Posteroventral protrusion of genital compound somite weakly developed. Fifth leg uniramous, rod-like, armed with two distal setae.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is assignable to the Maemonstrilla hyottoko species group as defined by Grygier and Ohtsuka (2008) mainly by its having a reticulate pattern of cuticular ridges on the cephalothorax, antennules, and pedigerous somites, no inner seta on the first exopodal segment of legs 1–4, and unbranched, rod-like fifth legs with two distal or subdistal setae.</p> <p>By reference to Grygier and Ohtsuka’s (2008) key to the species of this species-group, this species is distinguished by its possession of a unique combination of features: 1) cuticular reticulation present on the cephalothorax, antennules, and pedigerous somites, but absent from the urosomites and caudal rami; 2) a small, ventrally directed oral papilla, not particularly long as in Mae. spinicoxa Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka, 2008 or Mae. polka Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka, 2008, nor flanked with “puffed cheeks” as found in Mae. okame Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka, 2008, or bent as in some specimens of Mae. polka; 3) lacking pigmented spots throughout the body, thus being distinguished from Mae. polka (cf. Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008); 4) a weakly developed posteroventral protrusion of the genital compound somite, not spur-like or well-developed as in other Maemonstrilla of this group (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008); 5) a smooth outer margin of the coxa in legs 1–4, thus contrasting with the distinct coxal ornamentation patterns described for Mae. hyottoko, Mae. polka, and Mae. spinicoxa (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008); and 6) a body length of less than 1 mm (0.49–0.82 mm), thus differing from Mae. hyottoko (1.15–1.60 mm), Mae. polka (2.56– 2.66 mm), Mae. spinicoxa (1.48–1.70 mm), Mae. okame (1.20–1.67), Mae. simplex (1.80–1.98 mm), and Mae. turgida (A. Scott, 1909) (1.38–2.21 mm) (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D5712BFFB134E7FE523C8824FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D5712FFFBC34E7FA083BB72431.text	03FC87D5712FFFBC34E7FA083BB72431.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maemonstrilla hoi Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Maemonstrilla hoi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 14–17)</p> <p>Material examined. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.66803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.26808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.66803/lat -38.26808)">Adult</a> female holotype from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia (38°16.085’S; 144°40.0815’E; Kimmerer &amp; McKinnon 1985), partially dissected, ethanol-preserved, three slides mounted in glycerine, sealed with Entellan ®, cephalothorax damaged in mounting medium. Date of collection: 15 October 1984. Slides deposited in collection of MTQ, Australia (cat. MTQW34272).</p> <p>Description. Female: Total body length of holotype 1.3 mm. Body robust. Cephalothorax short, robust, representing up to 56% of total body length (Figs. 14A, 17A, B), reticulate on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Reticulation not reaching pedigerous somites 2–4 but present on antennular segments (Fig. 15B). High reticular ridges only on second and proximal part of third antennular segments, appearing as marginal keel-like structures (arrowed in Fig. 15B). Antennule short, robust, 0.19 mm long, representing 18% of cephalothorax length (Fig. 14A). Oral papilla conical, nearly straight, protruding ventrally, located anteriorly, about 19% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 14B). Pair of relatively large ocelli present, pigment cups separated by less than half eye diameter, unpigmented; ventral cup slightly smaller than lateral cups. Forehead with wide medial rounded protrusion. Three pairs of nipple-like cuticular processes on anterior ventral surface posterior to antennule bases, with adjacent pattern of transverse cuticular striae on preoral surface (Fig. 14B).</p> <p>Antennule four-segmented, with weak division between segments 3 and 4, third segment represented by inner lobe partially fused with succeeding fourth segment (Fig. 15B). Antennules unusually inserted 15% of way back along cephalothorax, at same level as ocelli. In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment, relatively long and slender, reaching to beyond midlength of second antennular segment. Elements 2d 1-2, 2v 1-3, and IId present on second segment; among 2v and 2d groups, elements 2v1 and 2v3 longest, elements 2d 1-2 and 2v 2-3 clustered at distal margin of segment. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv; element 3 long and slender, reaching to midlength of fourth segment. Segment four bearing elements 4d 1,2 and 4v 1-3 as well as IVd, IVv, Vd, Vv, Vm, and 5. Elements of groups 2v and 3 longer than those of groups 4v and 4d. Outer distal b 1-3 branched, but seta b 4 unbranched. Apically, only element 6 2 present on antennules, element 6 1 possibly broken off, sockets observed on both antennules.</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 30% of total body length in dorsal view, third somite being the largest, alone representing 38% of their combined length. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 low and wide with dorsally produced corners, surface of sclerites naked. Coxae with smooth outer margins. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin, naked lateral seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, biserially setulate, about 6 times longer than that on leg 1 and 3 times longer than those on legs 2 and 4, reaching well beyond distal margin of exopodal ramus (Fig. 16C). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 16A–D). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer setae on exopodal segments 1 and 3, latter seta with outer margin smooth, inner margin spinulose (Fig. 16E). Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin spinulose, inner margin naked (Fig. 13E). No inner seta on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4; seta represented by cuticular notch or socket-like structure.</p> <p>Armature formula of swimming legs as in Maemonstrilla ohtsukai sp. nov.</p> <p>Fifth legs paired, rod-like, with two lightly setulate setae, one distal, one subdistal (Figs. 14D, 15A). Fifth legs longer than in Mae. ohtsukai, reaching posterior margin of anal somite (Figs. 14C, 15A). Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous somite, compound genital somite with incomplete transverse suture, and two free postgenital somites, i.e. the preanal and anal somites (Fig. 15A). Ventral surface of genital somite bearing ovigerous spines arising from low, conical projection of anterior half. Posterior half of genital compound somite with tongue-like ventral protuberance (arrowed in Fig. 14C). Copulatory opening on ventral surface at posterior base of ovigerous spine cone (arrowed in Fig. 15A). Tips of ovigerous spines reaching to between legs 2 and posterior margin of cephalothorax. Spines cylindrical, smooth, and straight in proximal three-fourths; distal one- fourth moderately swollen and tapering distally (Fig. 15A). Specimen with large mass of eggs on ventral surface (Fig. 17A, B). Caudal rami subrectangular, weakly divergent, approximately 1.6 times longer than wide, each ramus bearing six setae. Inner dorsal seta thinnest (seta VII of Huys and Boxshall 1991; arrowed in Fig. 15A).</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Ju-shey Ho, California State University, Long Beach, for his abundant and valuable contributions to the knowledge of the symbiotic Copepoda.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cuticular ridges limited to cephalothorax and antennules, with high ridges along outer margins of antennular segments 2 and 3. Antennule relatively short, representing about 18% of cephalothorax length. Oral papilla conical, straight, not particularly long. Pigmented spots absent from body. Inner seta absent from first exopodal segment of legs 1–4; outer margin of coxa smooth. Posteroventral protrusion of genital compound somite developed into short, tongue-like process. Fifth leg uniramous, rod-like, relatively long, reaching posterior margin of anal somite, armed with two distal setae.</p> <p>Remarks. For the same reasons as Mae. ohtsukai sp. nov., this new species is assignable to the Maemonstrilla hyottoko species group (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008). It displays cuticular reticulation only on the cephalothorax and antennules, in contrast to the extensive reticulation on the cephalothorax, lateral sides of the trunk, dorsum of the urosomites, and caudal rami shown by most other members of this species group (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008). A similar, reduced reticulation is present in Mae. simplex, in which only the cephalothorax is reticulate. In addition, Mae. simplex shares some other features with Mae. hoi sp. nov., including a conical, ventrally projecting oral papilla, long fifth legs, and general body shape and proportions; nonetheless, there are important differences between these two species. In Mae. hoi, the ventral protuberance of the genital compound somite is moderately developed, forming a small, tongue-like process, whereas this structure is very large and conspicuous in Mae. simplex (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 22E). In Mae. hoi, the antennule is very short, about 18% of the cephalothorax length, but it is clearly longer (47% of the cephalothorax length) in Mae. simplex. The high cuticular ridges present along the outer margins of antennular segments 2–3 in Mae. hoi are absent in Mae. simplex, in which these margins are smooth. Some additional details of the antennule structure and armature are useful to separate these two species. Element 1 is longer in Mae. hoi, reaching to about midlength of the second segment, whereas it is quite short in Mae. simplex, barely reaching beyond the distal margin of the first segment (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 18C). The distal part consisting of segments 3 and 4 is noticeably elongated in Mae. simplex, representing 62% of the total length of the antennule, whereas the same two segments represent only 43% of the antennule length in Mae. hoi. The third segment is clearly aligned with the longitudinal axis of the antennule in Mae. simplex (see Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 18C), but in Mae. hoi, this segment appears reduced, forming a well-defined lobe protruding along the inner margin of the antennule (Fig. 15B). Finally, in M. simplex, antennular elements 2d 1-2 are distinctively smaller than elements 2v (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 18C) whereas in Mae. hoi, all elements of both groups are represented by subequally long, slender setae (Fig. 15B).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D5712FFFBC34E7FA083BB72431	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D57122FFB834E7FA4D3A5E26DF.text	03FC87D57122FFB834E7FA4D3A5E26DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maemonstrilla protuberans Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Maemonstrilla protuberans sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 18–20)</p> <p>Material examined. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Adult</a> female holotype from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Davies Reef</a>, Queensland, Australia (19°7.34’S; 146°53.024’E), partially dissected, ethanol-preserved, slide mounted in glycerine, sealed with <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Entellan</a> ®. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.88373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.122334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.88373/lat -19.122334)">Date</a> of collection: 5 October, 1985. Slide deposited in collection of MTQ, Australia (cat. MTQW34273).</p> <p>Description. Female: Total body length of holotype 0.57 mm. Cephalothorax robust in dorsal view, representing up to 58% of total body length (Fig. 18A, B). Cephalothorax covered with pattern of minute spinules mixed with light reticulation. Reticulation observed only on anterior dorsal and ventral surfaces of cephalothorax and on some antennular segments (Figs. 18A, B, 19C). Antennule relatively long, 0.22 mm, representing 35% of total body length and 61% of cephalothorax length (Fig. 18A). Oral papilla conical, ventrally projecting, relatively large, located anteriorly, about 20% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 18C). Pair of relatively large ocelli present, pigment cups weakly developed, separated by about half eye diameter, unpigmented; ventral cup slightly smaller than lateral cups. Forehead rounded, protruding medially. Preoral surface with ventral rounded protuberance (arrowed in Fig. 18C) and two pairs of nipple-like cuticular processes with adjacent pattern of striae (Fig. 18C, D).</p> <p>Antennule four-segmented, with weak divisions between segments 2–3 and 3–4 only marked by constrictions (Fig. 19C). High reticular ridges on outer margin of segments 3 and 4 (arrowed in Fig. 19C). Element 1 present on first segment, reaching to proximal one-third of second antennular segment. Elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv; element 3 strongly developed. Segment four bearing aesthetasc 4aes and elements 4d 1,2 and 4v 1,2, with 4v 1 being remarkably long; elements IVd, IVv, Vd, Vv, Vm, and 5 also present. Most elements of groups 2v, 2d and 3 longer than those of group 4, but element 4v 1 only slightly longer than most elements of 2v,d groups and shorter than element 3. Outer distal b 1-3 branched, elements b unbranched. Apically, only 6 2 present, but socket of element 6 1 observed on both antennules.</p> <p>5-6</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 relatively short, together accounting for only 22% of total body length. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 low, wide, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with coxa along diagonal line. Basis with thin lateral seta on legs 1– 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, biserially setulate and 4 times longer than in legs 1 and 4, 2.5–3 times longer than in leg 2, reaching distal margin of second segment of exopodite (Fig. 20C). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 20A–D). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except spiniform outer seta on exopodal segments 1 and 3 and inner seta of first exopodal segment, these all being short and slender. Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin spinulose, inner margin naked (Fig. 20A–D). Inner seta on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4 absent, no remnant being observed.</p> <p>Armature formula of swimming legs as in Maemonstrilla ohtsukai.</p> <p>Fifth legs paired, rod-like, with two setae, one distal, one subdistal (Fig. 19A, B). These legs short, not reaching posterior margin of genital compound somite (Fig. 19A). Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous somite, compound genital somite with incomplete transverse suture, and two free postgenital somites, i.e. the preanal and anal somites (Fig. 19A, B). Ventral surface of genital double somite bearing ovigerous spines arising from conical projection of ventrally protuberant anterior half. Posterior half of genital compound somite straight, without ventral process. Copulatory opening located on ventral surface at posterior base of ovigerous spine cone (arrowed in Fig. 19A). Ovigerous spines relatively short, reaching to between legs 2 and 3, partially concealed by relatively small egg mass (Fig. 18B). Spines cylindrical, smooth, and straight, tapering and diverging distally, not swollen or bulbous distally (Fig. 19A). Caudal rami subquadrate, weakly divergent, approximately 1.3 times longer than wide, each ramus bearing six setae. Inner dorsal seta (seta VII of Huys &amp; Boxshall 1991) thinnest (arrowed in Fig. 19A).</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet makes reference to the ventral preoral protuberance, a feature not previously described in any species of Maemonstrilla.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Cuticular reticulation limited in extent, as in Mae. spinicoxa. Antennule relatively long, representing more than 60% of cephalothorax length. Oral papilla conical, straight, long. Ventral rounded preoral protuberance present. Pigmented spots absent from body. Inner seta on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4 absent; outer margin of coxa of these legs smooth. Posteroventral margin of genital compound somite straight, with no process.</p> <p>Remarks. Maemonstrilla protuberans is assignable to the Maemonstrilla hyottoko species group as defined by Grygier and Ohtsuka (2008) mainly by its possession of a lightly reticulate cephalothorax and antennules mixed with a dense spinulose pattern, the absence of an inner seta on the first exopodal segment of legs 1–4, and unbranched, rod-like fifth legs with two setae. The ornamentation pattern observed in this species has some resemblance with that described for Mae. spinicoxa, but it is more complex in Mae. spinicoxa (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 14A). Both species share a similar shape of the antennules, including the constrictions marking the divisions between segments 2–3 and 3–4 and the high reticulation ridges on the outer margins of segments 3 and 4, but in Mae. spinicoxa the antennule is only 37% of the cephalothorax length and Mae. protuberans lacks the large denticles on the proximal outer coxal lobes that are distinctive of Mae. spinicoxa. The ventral preoral protuberance of Mae. protuberans has not been reported in any other species of this genus, all of which have a straight or smooth preoral area (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008).The length of the antennule, representing more than 60% of the cephalothorax length, distinguishes this species from all other Maemonstrilla, in which the antennule length ranges between 29% and 51% of the cephalothorax length (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008). In contrast to the other species of the Maemonstrilla hyottoko group, this new species has a straight, unmodified posteroventral margin of the compound genital somite. This has been considered a defining character of the M. turgida group (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008), although the posteroventral protrusion of M. ohtsukai sp. nov. is only weakly developed. Maemonstrilla protuberans has a moderately developed, ventrally directed oral papilla, not long as in Mae. spinicoxa and Mae. polka nor either flanked with “puffed cheeks” as in Mae. okame or bent anteriorly at midlength as in some specimens of Mae. polka. Its body length (0.57 mm) is similar to that of Mae. ohtsukai (0.55–0.82 mm), thus distinctly smaller than most of the other known species of the genus, which are all well over 1 mm long (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008). These two species are the smallest members of Maemonstrilla currently known.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D57122FFB834E7FA4D3A5E26DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
03FC87D57119FF8234E7FF703E152258.text	03FC87D57119FF8234E7FF703E152258.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maemonstrilla crenulata Suárez-Morales & Mckinnon 2014	<div><p>Maemonstrilla crenulata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 21–23)</p> <p>Material examined. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.888336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.038333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.888336/lat -14.038333)">Adult</a> female holotype from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.888336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.038333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.888336/lat -14.038333)">Scott Reef</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.888336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.038333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.888336/lat -14.038333)">Western Australia</a> (14°2.3’S; 121°53.3’E; <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.888336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.038333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.888336/lat -14.038333)">Station</a> CH of McKinnon et al. 2013), partially dissected, slide-mounted in glycerine, sealed with <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.888336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.038333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.888336/lat -14.038333)">Entellan</a> ®. Date of collection: 30 November 2009. Slide deposited in collection of WAMC, Australia (cat. WAMC55072).</p> <p>Description. Female: Total body length of holotype 1.75 mm. Cephalothorax elongate, robust, 1.03 mm long, representing up to 60% of total body length (Fig. 21A), with faint reticulate pattern limited to small areas of ventral and dorsal surfaces of cephalic area (Figs. 21A, 22A). Pair of spine-like scales present on dorsal posterior margin of third pedigerous somite. Antennule relatively short, 0.34 mm, representing 18% of total body length and 31% of cephalothorax length (Fig. 21A). Oral papilla well developed, thick, with wide base, located anteriorly, about 19% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (Fig. 22A). Pair of relatively large ocelli present, pigment cups separated by more than eye diameter, weakly pigmented; ventral cup slightly smaller than lateral cups. Forehead with moderate-sized medial rounded protrusion and two sensilla. Two pairs of nipple-like cuticular processes on anterior ventral surface between antennule bases and oral papilla, this area showing transverse striation pattern (Fig. 22A).</p> <p>Antennule four-segmented, with weak division between segments 3 and 4 (Fig. 22B). In terms of pattern described by Grygier and Ohtsuka (1995), element 1 present on first segment, biserially setulate; elements 2d 1, 2d 2, 2v 1, 2v 2, 2v 3, and IId present on second segment, element 2d 2 being the longest. Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv. Segment four bearing elements 4d and 4v 1-3 as well as IVd, IVv, Vd, Vm, and 5. Element 4v 1 longest among those of groups 4v and 4d. Elements of group 2v moderately longer than those of groups 4v and 4d. Outer distal setae b 1-3 dichotomously branched, b 4,5 unbranched. Apically, elements 6 1,2 present together with aesthetasc 6aes.</p> <p>1,2</p> <p>First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax; this and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing pair of biramous swimming legs. Pedigerous somites 2–4 together accounting for 26% of total body length in dorsal view. Second pedigerous somite largest of somites 2–4, representing almost 43% of this somite group. Third pedigerous somite with dorsal pair of spine-like scales in middle of posterior margin. Dorsal surface of fourth pedigerous somite with row of three pit setae near posterior margin (Figs. 21A, 22C). Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 wide, slender, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of legs articulating with rectangular coxa along diagonal line. Coxa of legs 1–4 with patches of minute spinules plus crenulation-like transverse indentations along outer margin. Basis with thin lateral seta on legs 1, 2, and 4; on leg 3, this seta thicker, biserially setulate and 3–5 times longer than in other legs, reaching distal margin of exopodal ramus (Fig. 23C). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulate (Fig. 23A–C); outer margin of first endopodal segment of legs 2 and 3 with notch (arrowed in Fig. 23B, C). Outer margin of first exopodal segment of legs 2–4 with spiniform processes; similar processes also present on outer margin of third exopodal segment of leg 1 (arrowed in Fig. 23A). Ramus setae all lightly and biserially plumose except for spiniform outer setae on exopodal segments 1 and 3. Outer apical exopodal seta of swimming legs 1–4 with outer margin spinulose, inner margin naked (Fig. 23A–C).</p> <table><tr><td colspan="2">Armature formula of swimming legs:</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr><td>&nbsp;</td> <td>basis</td> <td>endopodite</td> <td>exopodite</td></tr> <tr><td>leg 1</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-1;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-1;0-1;I,2,2</td></tr> <tr><td>legs 2–4</td> <td>1-0</td> <td>0-1;0-1;1,2,2</td> <td>I-1;0-1;I,1,2,2</td></tr> </table> <p>Fifth legs paired, rod-like, distally bilobed, inner lobe with one seta, outer lobe with one distal and two subdistal setae (Fig. 21C). These legs relatively short, reaching to midlength of compound genital somite. Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous somite, compound genital somite with incomplete transverse suture on dorsal surface, and two free postgenital somites, i.e. the preanal and anal somites (Fig. 21B). Ventral surface of genital somite bearing ovigerous spines arising from low conical projection of anterior half; this area also with anteroventral rounded protuberance (arrowed in Fig. 22D). Posterior half of genital compound somite with ventral margin straight, unmodified (Fig. 21B). Copulatory opening located on ventral surface at posterior base of ovigerous spine cone (arrowed in Fig. 21C). Tips of ovigerous spines reaching to between legs 2 and posterior margin of cephalothorax. Spines cylindrical, straight, rugose in distal one-third and tapering distally (Fig. 21 D). Caudal rami short, quadrate, each bearing five setae.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet, an adjective, makes reference to the unique crenulated margin of the coxa of legs 1–4.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Maemonstrilla with cephalothorax mostly non-reticulated, reticulation limited, faint. Cephalothorax representing 60% of total body length. Antennule relatively short, representing 31% of cephalothorax length. Oral papilla thick, with wide base. Inner seta present on first exopodal segment of legs 1–4. Outer margin of coxa of these legs crenulate. First endopodal segment of legs 2 and 3 with outer notch. Third pedigerous somite with two dorsal spine-like scales on posterior margin. Anteroventral process of compound genital somite rounded, with secondary apical protrusion. Fifth leg biramous, exopodal lobe with three setae, endopodal lobe with one distal seta.</p> <p>Remarks. Among the Australian species, only Mae. crenulata sp. nov. is assignable to the Maemonstrilla turgida species group as defined by Grygier and Ohtsuka (2008) mainly by the lack of reticulation on most of the cephalothorax, as well as the antennules and pedigerous somites, the presence of a pair of spiniform processes on the dorsal posterior margin of the third pedigerous somite, the presence of an inner seta on the first exopodal segment of legs 1–4, the bilobed fifth leg with one endopodal and three exopodal setae, and the unmodified posteroventral margin of the genital compound somite. Additional characters shared with Mae. turgida include the body length (within the range of Mae. turgida as described by Grygier and Ohtsuka 2008), widely separated eye cups, the relatively large, ventrally projecting oral papilla, the short, subquadrate caudal rami, and the fifth legs reaching only to about midlength of the compound genital somite.</p> <p>This is the largest species of Australian Maemonstrilla recorded. The new species has several important differences from the closely related Mae. turgida: 1) the cephalothorax is relatively shorter in Mae. turgida (49.4– 54.8% of total body length) (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008) than in Mae. crenulata sp. nov. (60%); 2) the antennule length is 41.6–51.3% that of the cephalothorax in Mae. turgida (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008) vs. 31% in Mae. crenulata; 3) the anteroventral process of the compound genital somite is merely rounded in Mae. turgida (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 27H) but has a secondary apical protrusion in Mae. crenulata; 4) in the new species, the coxae of legs 1–4 have a series of deep indentations and patches of minute spinules along the outer margin, but in Mae. turgida, the indentations are absent and the coxal margins of legs 1–4 have only patches of very small spinules (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 25F); 5) in the new species, the third exopodal segment of leg 1 and the first exopodal segment of legs 2–4 bear an outer row of spiniform processes that are absent in Mae. turgida (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 27); 6) in Mae. crenulata, the first endopodal segment of legs 2 and 3 has an outer notch that is absent in Mae. turgida (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 27); 7) in the antennule armature of Mae. turgida, the elements of groups 2v and 2d are equally long (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 24B), but in Mae. crenulata, element 2d 2 is clearly longer and element 2d 1 is shorter than the other elements in these groups. It is notable that in these species, both belonging to the Mae. turgida group, elements 4v 1,2 are longer than those in group 4d, thus diverging with the pattern observed in the known species of the hyottoko group, in which both groups of elements are equally long; 8) leg 5 is longer and more slender (length/width ratio = 6.0) in the new species than in Mae. turgida (3.0). Also, in the new species the inner lobe does not reach the distal margin of the outer lobe (Fig. 21C), whereas in Mae. turgida the inner lobe is longer than the outer one (Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka 2008, fig. 27G).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D57119FF8234E7FF703E152258	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo;Mckinnon, A. David	Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Mckinnon, A. David (2014): The Australian Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) I. Monstrillopsis Sars, Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, and Australomonstrillopsis gen. nov. Zootaxa 3779 (3): 301-340, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3779.3.1
