taxonID	type	description	language	source
039A87C9FF85FF99FC8AFA4CFCE8FB8C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Head round. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented. First flagellomere length slightly more than width. Fore tibial comb absent. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. C ends beyond tip of R 5; Sc long, ends free; RS base at the middle of R 1; crossveins r­m, TABLE 1 Nomenclature and Homology of Sciaroid Wing Veins According to Authors See also figures 80 and 81.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF85FF99FC8AFA4CFCE8FB8C.taxon	description	tb, and m­cu in one line; M 3 section and base of M fork absent; CuA strongly curved back at the apex. A short. Male 9 th tergite without marginal bristles, with one large, acute, triangular medial appendage and two small lateral ones; gonostyli do not bifurcate at apex.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF85FF99FC8AFA4CFCE8FB8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Docidiadia burmitica, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF85FF99FC8AFA4CFCE8FB8C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a feminine anagram of Diadocidia.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF85FF99FC8AFA4CFCE8FB8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The genus is close to Diadocidia Ruthe, but differs in having the first flagellomere short; wing membrane without macrotrichia, Sc ending free, base of RS rather distal, M 3 section and base of M fork reduced; CuA curved at apex rather than with two straight sections; and male tergite IX narrow, triangular, and with two lateral appendages. Diadocidia consists of two subgenera and includes 10 Holarctic species (Chandler, 1994; Laštovka and Matile, 1972; Polevoi, 1996; Wu, 1995; Zaitzev, 1994) and a Neotropical one (Edwards, 1940; Papavero, 1977 a), as well as undescribed Australian species (Tonnoir, 1929; Colless, 1963). One species is known from Baltic amber (Evenhuis, 1994).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF86FF97FD5FFBCAFD86FE8D.taxon	description	Figures 1 – 3, Plate 1 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF86FF97FD5FFBCAFD86FE8D.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF86FF97FD5FFBCAFD86FE8D.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.88 mm (holotype) / 1.61 (paratype); wing length = 1.61 / 1.55 mm. Head. Eyes bare, facets round. Clypeus setose. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented; first flagellomere cylindrical, width slightly less than length; apical flagellomere twice the width. Apical flagellomere of male secondarily segmented in two parts. Scape and pedicel turbinate. Only 3 segments of palpi seen, palpomeres cylindrical, subequal in length, basal wider than the rest. Thorax. Scutum setose, dome­shaped, with long protruding setae. Metepisternum bare, height equal to width, shallow incision anteriorly. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, midway between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc ends free, slightly beyond base of RS. R 1 setulose, R 5 with sparse setae, almost straight. R 1 short, about 0.6 Χ wing length. M 3 absent. M 1 and M 2 weakened, their bases absent. M 3 + 4 weakened. Abdomen. Female cerci wide, subtriangular with acute ventral angle. Male tergite IX narrow, triangular with two lateral appendages. Gon­ ocoxites short, with length about the width. Gonostyli massive, length 2.5 Χ the length of gonocoxites, hairy, without apical teeth or spines.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF86FF97FD5FFBCAFD86FE8D.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 033, male; paratype B­ 002, female. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF86FF97FD5FFBCAFD86FE8D.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a reference to Burma, the former name of the country where the amber originates. SCIAROIDEA INCERTAE SEDIS	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Eyes forming incomplete eye bridge, facets large, round. Ocelli three. Flagellomeres barrel­shaped, length no more than 1.5 Χ the width. Antepronotum and proepisternum subequal, setose. Proepimeron touches episternum at the episternal suture. Anepisternum smaller than katepisternum. Anepisternal cleft distinct, narrow. Midpleural pit present. Metepisternum setose. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Insertion of abdomen wide. Wing membrane with or without macrotrichia. Sc short, ends free. Rs base, r­m, base of M 3 + 4, and CuA fork very basal. Section M 2 connects r­m and base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork. M 3 + 4 reduced.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Thereotricha sibirica, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a feminine anagram of Heterotricha. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF97FF5FFED9FD79FA6C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The new genus is close to the Heterotricha group of genera, which have been included in the Sciaridae or Diadocidiidae. Recently, Chandler (2002) reviewed known taxa of the group and described seven more genera from all zoogeographic regions except Nearctic. These taxa seem to represent a stem group of Recent families of Sciaroidea, but monophyly of the group is not apparent. The new genus differs from all taxa of the Heterotricha group in having eyes with large facets, that form an eye bridge, short antennae, the scape and pedicel not differing from flagellomeres in length, palpi very short, anepisternite and katepisternite subequal, the base of RS in basal position, and r­m and the section of M 2 subequal, where eyes and palpi demonstrate an apomorphic condition. The new genus resembles Sciaropota Chandler in the porrect antenna with short flagellomeres, an absence of a clearly differentiated series of scutellar bristles, large katepisternum, mesepimepon broader below, but it differs by the short Sc, long stem of M 1 + 2, and reduced M 3 + 4. Distinct synapomorphies separate the group from other Mesozoic Sciaroidea: M 1 section completely reduced; M 2 section fused with tb in one vein meeting the base of M 3 + 4, and that oblique vein is shifted distad. The same structure of the basal veins is observed in advanced representatives of the Mesozoic family Mesosciophilidae, which are thought to represent a sister group to Mycetophilidae (Kalugina and Kovalev, 1985; Blagoderov, 1993). Similar conditions occur in the peculiar Mesozoic family Archizelmiridae (Grimaldi et al., 2003), but Archizelmiridae have crossvein r­m aligned with M 2 + tb and the basal portion of M 3 + 4, forming one horizontal vein and the base of RS is shifted distad. Diadocidiidae s. str. (Diadocidia and Docidiadia n. gen.) also have these veins aligned (r­m through the base of M 3 + 4), but they form a vertical vein. In Mycetophilidae the combined vein M 2 + tb lost contact with the base of M 3 + 4 and meets the base of CuA or MA (arculus) (see Shcherbakov et al., 1995). Some Mycetophilidae (Drepanocercus, Ectrepesthoneura, Cretaceous Paradzickia, Drepanorzeckia, Ekhiritus, Zazicia) have the fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA sessile or short­stalked, but the base of the fork is situated more basally that in Mesozoic Sciaroidea and the Heterotricha group. Moreover, at least in Ectrepesthoneura the sessile fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA is secondary (see Analyses below and fig. 78). Obviously, reduction of M 1 and fusion of M 2 with tb might have originated several times in the history of Sciaroidea. Although monophyly of the group combining Recent Heterotricha ­ like taxa and Cretaceous Thereotricha is not proven, position of these taxa in sciaroid phylogeny should be at the base of lineages leading to Mesosoic Mesosciophilidae and Archizelmiridae and Recent Sciaridae on the one hand and higher sciaroids such as Mycetophilidae and Lygistorrhinidae on the oth­ er.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF96FD41FA6AFC70FE4F.taxon	description	Figure 4, Plate 1 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF96FD41FA6AFC70FE4F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Wing membrane without macrotrichia, RS base very basal, oblique, ~ 2 Χ the length of r­m; M 3 section long; base of M 1 and M 2 fork at level of tip of R 1; veins R 1, R 5, M 1, M 2, and CuA with long setae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF96FD41FA6AFC70FE4F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.83 mm (ho­ lotype) / 1.84 – 1.85 mm (paratypes); wing length = 1.46 mm (holotype) / 1.25 mm (paratype PIN 3130 / 185). Head. Three ocelli present, equal in size, distance of lateral ocellus from median ocellus and eye margin 1.5 Χ its diameter. Occiput with numerous small setae. Eyes large, bare, forming incomplete dorsal bridge (separated by twice the facet diameter). Scape and pedicel short, rounded. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres barrellike, width 1.3 Χ the length, covered by short trichia. Palpi 4 ­ segmented. Basal segment small, bacilliform, others short, rounded; antepenultimate segment with round sensory pit dorsomedially, slightly longer than others. Thorax. Antepronotum with one strong seta, proepisternum with six. Proepimeron touches episternum at episternal suture. Mesonotum uniformly setose. Midpleural pit present. Katepistrnum large, expanded caudally. Ventral part of mesepimeron not very narrow, parallel­sided. Laterotergites bare, small. Metepisternum setose, with narrow anteriodorsal cleft. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, one­third the distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc very short, ends free just beyond RS base. RS base proximad, oblique, 1.5 Χ r­m length. R 1, R 5, M 1, M 2, and CuA with long setae. R 1 about 0.7 Χ wing length. RS base oblique. Crossvein r­m fused with tb and mcu in one horizontal vein. M 3 section 1.5 Χ as long as fork of M 1 and M 2. M 3 + 4 reduced, seen as a fold at base only. CuA ends before middle of the wing. Legs. Fore coxae with numerous setae on anterior and distal surfaces, mid coxae with distal rows and several setae on apical part, hind coxae with caudodistal row of setae. Fore tibia with anteroapical pit having two combs of setae. Abdomen setose. Eighth segment slightly shorter than preceding ones. Ninth tergite ovoid, with apical comb of short blunt setae. Gonocoxites stout, triangular in lateral view. Gonostyli small, flat, rectangular, with several apical setae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF96FD41FA6AFC70FE4F.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3130 / 183, male; paratypes, PIN 3130 / 182, 3130 / 184, 3130 / 185, males; all specimens in the same piece of amber. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantandarkh, coll. 1970.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF88FF96FD41FA6AFC70FE4F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is in reference to Siberia, the region where the original locality is situated.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	description	Figures 5, 6, Plate 1 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Three ocelli, touching. Wing membrane with scattered macrotrichia. RS base transverse, shorter than r­m. M 2 probably absent.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.56 mm (rest, estimated length 1.87 mm); wing length 1.48 mm. Partly preserved specimen. Head: Occiput and vertex with straight and curved setae. Three ocelli present, each on its own mound, the latter fused by contacting edges. Eyes bare, with incomplete bridge, deeply emarginate at antennal base. Frontal furrow and keels well developed. Scape and pedicel as long as flagellomeres. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres barrel­shaped, length about 1.5 Χ the width, with few strong setae and numerous fine trichia. Clypeus setose. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, short. Antepenultimate palpomere with dosomedial round sensory pit. Thorax: Proepisternum with 3 long and and 11 shorter setae. Proepimeron touches episternum at the episternal suture, katepisternum with shallow excavation below the point. Anepisternum less than katepisternum, the latter with several trichia in lower part. Laterotergite bare, divided with katepisternum by anepimeron. Mediotergite bare. Metepisternum setose. Scutum with scattered setae. Scutellum with 6 long setae. Wing membrane with microtrichia and macrotrichia mostly in apical and hind area. Costa, R 1, and R 5 with long setae. Sc very short, ends free. R 1 and R 5 almost straight. RS base short, ~ 0.5 Χ r­m length, transverse; r­m fused with tb and m­cu, slightly oblique. Crossvein m­ cu twice the length of r­m. M 2 probably absent. M 3 + 4 absent. M 1 straight, weak.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3426 / 256, sex unknown. Russia, Taimyr Peninsula, Nizhnyaya Agapa, coll. 1973.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species is an epithet in reference to the locality, the Nizhnyaya Agapa River.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Structure of ocelli and a transverse RS base are apparent characters of generic level, distinguishing the species from T. sibirica, but incomplete preservation of the specimen from Nizhnyaya Agapa does not allow description of a new genus. Both species share such synapomorphies as an incomplete eye bridge, proepimeron apex at the episternal suture, setose metepisternum, and M reduced. Until more specimens of this peculiar group will be found and phylogenetic analysis is done we prefer to keep the species in this genus. 3 + 4 FAMILY LYGISTORRHINIDAE EDWARDS, 1925	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF89FF94FD5FFE00FD28FB56.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Eyes round; pedicel bears bristles apically; mouthparts reduced and form proboscis in some genera; Anepimeron fused to katepisternum; Sc very short; R 1 short; stem of M and M fork base absent; r­m aligned with tb; M 2 + tb subhorizontal; hind coxae short, hind tibiae and tarsi swollen; metepisternum with deep anterodorsal cleft; gonostyli of simple shape (presumably reversed in Plesiognoriste and Protognoriste).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Palpi long, three­segmented, mouthparts reduced. Base of RS present, crossvein r­m distinct. All the coxae approximately equal in length. Hind tibiae slightly swollen. Gonostyli with long inner process.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Archaeognoriste primitiva, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a combination of archaeos (Greek αρxα´os, or ancient) and the genus name Gnoriste. The name is feminine. Archaeognoriste primitiva, new species Figures 7, 8, Plate 1 D DIAGNOSIS: As for genus. DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.58 mm (ho­ lotype) / 1.47 – 1.61 mm (paratypes); wing length = 0.98 / 0.95 – 1.10 mm. Head: Posterior surface flat, with scattered setulae. Frons membranous. Eyes large, hairy. Ocelli not seen. Scape and pedicel slightly wider than flagellomeres, subconical. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, width about equal to length. Palpi 3 ­ segmented, segments cylindrical. Penultimate segment about 0.75 Χ the length of apical one and 2 Χ the length of antepenultimate. Thorax: Scutum irregularly covered with short setae and bearing long lateral and acrostichal setae. Scutellum with two pairs of long setae and several short ones. Antepronotum and preepisternum with 6 – 8 long setae. Anepisternal suture declines posteriorly. Anepisternum with small cleft. Mediotergite setose, laterotergites bare. Dorsal edge of mesepimeron protruding toward laterotergite. Metepisternum with deep cleft, height more than width. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. C not reaching wing tip, ends one­fourth distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. All veins bear setae. Sc very short, free. R 1 about 0.6 Χ the length of wing. RS base distinct, at the level of Sc tip. Crossvein r­m fused with tb, oblique. Stem of M and base of M 1 and M 2 fork absent. M 3 + 4 base very weak. M and CuA veins weak. Legs: Fore coxae densely setose, mid and hind coxae with setae on apical half, all coxae about equal in size. Tibial and tarsal trichia not in rows. Abdomen setose, with exception of 1 st and 2 nd sternites. Seventh sternite short, 8 th small and retractable. Ninth tergite small, rectangular, with well­developed, short, one­segmented cerci apically. Gonocoxites straight. Gonostyli saberlike, thinner to apex, with one apical and one very long curved basal processes. MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 1539, male; paratypes AMNH Bu­ 412 a and Bu­ 412 b, 2 males in the same piece, Bu­ 485, Bu­ 693, males. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina. ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is from Latin primitivus meaning ‘‘ the first or earliest of its kind’ ’ and is a reference to the basal position of the species within Lygistorrhinidae. COMMENTS: Venation of the species is almost identical to Palaeognoriste sp. (Grimaldi and Blagoderov, 2001: figs. 5 a, 6 a), with bases of RS and r­m somewhat reduced and shifted proximally. Characters such as reduced palpi, membranous frons, the wing venation, simplified genitalic structure, and a large metepisternum (presumably plesiomorphic) with deep anteriodorsal cleft obviously refer the species to the Lygistorrhinidae, but compared to more derived species the new species has many plesiomorphies: presence of RS base and a distinct r­m, unmodified legs, and gonostyli with long processes.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a combination of archaeos (Greek αρxα´os, or ancient) and the genus name Gnoriste. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	description	Figures 7, 8, Plate 1 D	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.58 mm (ho­ lotype) / 1.47 – 1.61 mm (paratypes); wing length = 0.98 / 0.95 – 1.10 mm. Head: Posterior surface flat, with scattered setulae. Frons membranous. Eyes large, hairy. Ocelli not seen. Scape and pedicel slightly wider than flagellomeres, subconical. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, width about equal to length. Palpi 3 ­ segmented, segments cylindrical. Penultimate segment about 0.75 Χ the length of apical one and 2 Χ the length of antepenultimate. Thorax: Scutum irregularly covered with short setae and bearing long lateral and acrostichal setae. Scutellum with two pairs of long setae and several short ones. Antepronotum and preepisternum with 6 – 8 long setae. Anepisternal suture declines posteriorly. Anepisternum with small cleft. Mediotergite setose, laterotergites bare. Dorsal edge of mesepimeron protruding toward laterotergite. Metepisternum with deep cleft, height more than width. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. C not reaching wing tip, ends one­fourth distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. All veins bear setae. Sc very short, free. R 1 about 0.6 Χ the length of wing. RS base distinct, at the level of Sc tip. Crossvein r­m fused with tb, oblique. Stem of M and base of M 1 and M 2 fork absent. M 3 + 4 base very weak. M and CuA veins weak. Legs: Fore coxae densely setose, mid and hind coxae with setae on apical half, all coxae about equal in size. Tibial and tarsal trichia not in rows. Abdomen setose, with exception of 1 st and 2 nd sternites. Seventh sternite short, 8 th small and retractable. Ninth tergite small, rectangular, with well­developed, short, one­segmented cerci apically. Gonocoxites straight. Gonostyli saberlike, thinner to apex, with one apical and one very long curved basal processes.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 1539, male; paratypes AMNH Bu­ 412 a and Bu­ 412 b, 2 males in the same piece, Bu­ 485, Bu­ 693, males. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is from Latin primitivus meaning ‘‘ the first or earliest of its kind’ ’ and is a reference to the basal position of the species within Lygistorrhinidae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8BFF94FF68FB00FF1CF9E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Venation of the species is almost identical to Palaeognoriste sp. (Grimaldi and Blagoderov, 2001: figs. 5 a, 6 a), with bases of RS and r­m somewhat reduced and shifted proximally. Characters such as reduced palpi, membranous frons, the wing venation, simplified genitalic structure, and a large metepisternum (presumably plesiomorphic) with deep anteriodorsal cleft obviously refer the species to the Lygistorrhinidae, but compared to more derived species the new species has many plesiomorphies: presence of RS base and a distinct r­m, unmodified legs, and gonostyli with long processes.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF6EFD98FD26FAC3.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Wing membrane without macrotrichia, R 1 short, crossvein r­m fused with base of M 3 + 4, fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA not sessile; preapical palpomere attached at the tip of antepreapical, inner mid and hind tibial spurs longer than outer ones.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF6EFD98FD26FAC3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Lebanognoriste prima, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF6EFD98FD26FAC3.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a combination of Lebanon, source country of the amber, and the genus name Gnoriste. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF6EFD98FD26FAC3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lebanognoriste together with Archaeognoriste form the most basal group of Lygistorrhinidae. Synapomorphies such as rather long fore coxae; short vein R 1; short, transverse RS 1 section; reduced base of the M 1 and M 2 fork; and crossvein r­m shifted proximally and aligned to M 2 + tb fused vein, which is oblique or longitudinal and shifted proximally, undoubtedly ally these two genera with the lygistorrhinids (see also Analyses). Both genera lack autapomorphies, and comparison to recent representatives of the family indicates various plesiomorphies.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF18FA93FCF4FAD1.taxon	description	Figures 9 – 11, Plate 1 E	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF18FA93FCF4FAD1.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF18FA93FCF4FAD1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.53 mm; wing length = 1.64 mm. Head: Postocciput flat, with several strong setae behind eye margin. Eyes setose. Ocelli not visible. Scape and pedicel twice as wide as flagellomeres, scape with one and pedicel with two apical rows of setae. Flagellum with 14 cylindrical segments, covered by hairs as long as 1 / 2 flagellomere diameter. Face setulose. Only three apical segments of palpi visible; antepenultimate and penultimate knoblike; apical long, slender, straight, its length approximately the combined length of preceding two palpomeres. Thorax: Mesonotum with few long lateral and scattered shorter setae. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Scutellum with 6 long setae and sparse short ones. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Wing membrane without macrotrichia, microtrichia not arranged in rows. All longitudinal veins with setae. Costa ends far beyond tip of R 5. Humeral cross­vein transverse. R 1 short, about 0.4 Χ wing length. Sc short, ends in R at middle of r­m. R 5 slightly curved caudally. M 1 slightly curved forward at tip. M fork base and M stem absent. Crossvein r­m short, oblique, fused with base of M 3 + 4. M and CuA stem short, but distinct. M 3 + 4 almost straight, CuA curved gently back. Legs: Fore tibiae with simple anteroapical depressed area bearing one row of short bristles. Mid tibia with inner spur 1.5 Χ as long as outer one, inner hind tibia spur 1.3 Χ as long as outer one. Tibial setulae in distinct rows. Tibial spurs 2 – 3 Χ the tibial diameter. Tarsal claw with one tooth. Abdomen short, setose, with 7 visible segments. Genitalia rounded, rotated at 180 °. Gonocoxites massive, fused ventrally. Gonostyli hemicylindrical, slightly curved, shovel­like at apex. Ninth tergite length equals the width, with two deep lateral incisions.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF18FA93FCF4FAD1.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH JG 268 / 1, male. Lebanon: near Jezzine, coll. Aftim and Fadi Acra.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF92FF18FA93FCF4FAD1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a Latin word primus meaning ‘‘ first’ ’ and is a reference to the oldest find of the family in the fossil record.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF91FC97FAF9FDF0FE89.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Palpi short, two­segmented. Face wide, about one­third of head width. Eyes of male relatively small, setose. Proboscis not distended. Laterotergites bare. All veins with setae. R 5 runs very close to R 1. RS base absent. M 2 absent. M 3 + 4 and CuA fork short. Middle and hind tibiae spurs almost equal in length. Tibial setulae forming more or less regular rows apically.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF91FC97FAF9FDF0FE89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Plesiognoriste carpenteri, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF91FC97FAF9FDF0FE89.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a combination of plesion (Greek πληơ´ ov, or neighbor) and the genus name Gnoriste. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8DFF91FC97FAF9FDF0FE89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See under Protognoriste.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF91FF29FEC1FBF9FD54.taxon	description	Figures 12, 13, Plate 1 F	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF91FF29FEC1FBF9FD54.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Apical palpal segment curved, bulbous; flagellomeres longer than wide, anepisternite with small dorsal cleft; M 3 + 4 gently curved, M 3 + 4 and CuA stem weakened, fore and hind tibiae and hind femora broadened.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF91FF29FEC1FBF9FD54.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.32 mm; wing length = 1.27 mm. Head: Antennae inserted near middle of head. Scape cylindrical; pedicel subconical, apex wide with oblique margin. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, length of each twice the width, covered with setulae as long as flagellomere diameter. Face wide, pentangular, setose. Frons and occiput uniformly setulose. Three ocelli present, equal in size, distance from middle to lateral ocelli the same length as from lateral ocellus to eye margin (distance of lateral ocellus from eye margin equal to diameter of ocellus). Eyes setose, slightly emarginate at antennal bases. Palpi with two visible segments; apical segment slightly curved, bulbous, setulose; basal one with a few short setae. Thorax: Scutum with long lateral and dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 6 long setae. Antepronotum setose, divided from proepisternum by a distinct suture. Anepisternum with small dorsal cleft. Mediotergite bare. Laterotergite not fully visible. Wing membrane without macrotrichia; microtrichia not arranged in regular rows. Costa ends slightly beyond tip of R 5. All veins bear setae. Sc very short, ends free, humeral cross­vein almost transverse. R 1 about 0.6 Χ wing length. RS base absent. R 5 runs very close to R 1, virtually straight; base weak, so that vein invisible proximal to Sc tip. M 1 weak, originates midway between tips of R 1 and R 5. M 2 and stem of M absent. M 3 + 4 curved gently. CuA has distinct kink at base of M 3 + 4. M 3 + 4 and CuA stem weak. Legs rather short and stout. Fore coxae with long bristles on anterior edge. Fore tibia widened. Hind coxae equal in length to middle ones, but broader, with scattered setae. Hind femora swollen, without ventral spines. Hind tibiae with apical comb of setae. Tarsal claw with one tooth. Abdomen shorter than wings, setose. Gonocoxites quadrate, flat, setose, with dorsal protruding appendage. Gonostyli simple, length ~ 3 Χ the width, apically with two black inner spines and outer comb of short setae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF91FF29FEC1FBF9FD54.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype MCZC 6927, male. Canada: Manitoba, Cedar Lake, coll. F. M. Carpenter.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF91FF29FEC1FBF9FD54.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a patronym for the late Professor Frank Carpenter of the MCZ, who collected this and many others Canadian amber specimens.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF8FFD69FD02FE33FC34.taxon	description	Figure 14, Plate 2 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF8FFD69FD02FE33FC34.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Scape and pedicel not enlarged, flagellomeres short, eyes form incomplete bridge, apical palpal segment rounded, M 3 + 4 strongly curved, legs not modified.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF8FFD69FD02FE33FC34.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.40 mm; wing length = 1.22 mm. Head: Postocciput flat. Antennae inserted near middle of face. Scape and pedicel not enlarged, widths equal to width of average flagellomere. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, width about equal to length, setulose. Frons setose. Eyes setulose, emarginate at antennal bases, forming lobes toward middle of head 4 – 5 facets wide, but dorsal bridge incomplete, separated by distance more than 4 Χ facet diameter. Ocelli three, equal in size to the distance from middle to lateral ocelli, twice the length as from lateral ocellus to eye margin (distance of lateral ocellus from eye margin equal to diameter of ocellus). Face setose. Palpi short, only 2 visible, rounded segments, with numerous hairs. Clypeus bare. Thorax: Scutum with long lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal setae. Scutellum with 6 long setae. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Suture between antepronotum and proepisternum oblique. Proepimeron touches mesepisternum at anepisternal suture. Anepisternal cleft narrow, oblique. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare. Metepisternum touches katepisternum. Wing membrane without macrotrichia, with scattered microtrichia. All veins setose. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, one­third the length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc very short, ends free. R 1 short, about 0.5 wing length. R 5 about 0.85 Χ wing length, curved slightly, runs very close to R 1. M 1 confined to apical third of wing. RS base, M 1 and stem of M absent. Crossvein r­m fused with R 5, horizontal, fused with CuA base. CuA base weak. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at level of tip of R 1. M 3 + 4 curved and well rounded. CuA with two straight segments forming obtuse angle. Legs: Coxae almost equal in length. Hind coxae bare at base. Fore tibia distally with apical hemispherical anteroapical depression with comb of fine setae. Tarsal claw without teeth. Abdomen shorter than wings, with 7 visible segments, setose. Sixth and 7 th segments twice as short as 5 th, 8 th retracted. Cerci one­segmented.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF8FFD69FD02FE33FC34.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3311 / 664, female. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantardakh, coll. 1971.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF8EFF8FFD69FD02FE33FC34.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a patronym in honor of the late Dr. Vladimir Zherikhin of the Paleontological Institute in Moscow, prominent paleoentomologist, who collected the specimen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8FFF5BFBA2FC1FFD0F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Wing membrane without macrotrichia, occiput without row of strong setae. Palpi short. Eyes bare. Face wide. Stem of M and M 2 absent. RS base distinct. Crossvein r­m meets M 3 + 4 and CuA stem. CuA gently curved. Abdomen insertion broad. Fore tibiae shorter than femora.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8FFF5BFBA2FC1FFD0F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Protognoriste amplicauda, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8FFF5BFBA2FC1FFD0F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a combination of protos (Greek πρω´ τos, or first) and the genus name Gnoriste. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8FFF5BFBA2FC1FFD0F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The following apomorphic characters refer the genera Plesiognoriste and Protognoriste to the Lygistorrhinidae: short palpi; small dorsal cleft of anepisternum; anepisternum and metepimeron not divided by laterotergite (possibly plesiomorphic); short, incomplete Sc; short R 1; RS base and M stem reduced; r­m horizontal and fused with R 5; hind coxa smaller and broader than mid coxa; abdomen insertion narrow; cerci simple. Face wide, with three ocelli, situated almost in straight line, suggestive of Manotinae, but structures of palpi, katepisternum and metepimeron, and absence of strong setae, show no apomorphies with respect to that subfamily. Eye size, face width, vein vestiture, tibial spurs of equal size, and complicated shape of the gonostyli are more primitive conditions than occur in Recent lygistorrhinids, although some features of venation and gonostyli are apomorphic. The short fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA and absence of a long proboscis are most similar to the genus Seguyola Matile. It is possible that these two genera should be treated as a separate subfamily of Lygistorrhinidae. We prefer to expand the definition of the family to include newly described taxa.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8DFD63FD4CFD20FEF6.taxon	description	Figure 15, Plate 2 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8DFD63FD4CFD20FEF6.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: R 1 length 3 Χ that of r­m. Gonocoxite massive. Gonostyli straight, flattened dorsoventrally.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8DFD63FD4CFD20FEF6.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.25 mm; wing length = 1.11 mm. Head: Eyes setulose, setae very short. Ocelli three, equal, almost in straight line, distance of lateral ocellus from eye margin equal to distance from mid ocellus to lateral one. Vertex and frons setose. Scape very small. Pedicel spherical, obscure. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, lengths about equal to widths, setose. Palpi short, 3 ­ segmented, apical segment rounded, penultimate cylindrical, length 2 Χ the width. Face wide, quadrate. Thorax: Scutum with lateral, dorsocentral and acrostichal setae. Scutellum with several long setae. Mediotergite with short trichia. Metepisternum with anterodorsal cleft, height about equal to width. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, at 1 / 6 the length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc short, ends free at the level of RS base. Humeral cross­vein transverse. R 1 short, about 0.4 Χ wing length. R 5 about 0.8 Χ wing length, almost straight. RS base very short, transverse. Crossvein r­m horizontal, meets M 3 + 4 and CuA stem, its length 3 Χ less than R 1 length. M 1 almost straight, weakened at base. M 2 and M stem absent. Base of M and CuA fork between levels of RS base and R 1 tip. CuA and M curved caudally. Legs: Coxae almost equal in length, hind coxae bare. Tibial setulae in distinct rows. Tibiae, especially fore, short. Tarsal claw with small obtuse tooth. Abdomen as long as wing, with 8 segments, se­ tose. Eighth segment short, retracted. Gonocoxite massive. Gonostyli straight, flattened dorsoventrally.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8DFD63FD4CFD20FEF6.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3426 / 257, male. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Nizhnyaya Agapa, coll. 1973.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF90FF8DFD63FD4CFD20FEF6.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is derived from Latin words amplus meaning ‘‘ large, distinguished’ ’ and cauda meaning ‘‘ tail’ ’ in reference to large terminalia of the species.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8DFF02FEE7FCECFE07.taxon	description	Figure 16, Plate 2 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8DFF02FEE7FCECFE07.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: R 1 length 1.8 Χ that of r­m.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8DFF02FEE7FCECFE07.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.21 mm; wing length = 0.95 mm. Head: ovate, height ~ 1.5 Χ width in profile. Occiput and postgena densely setose. Antennae attached below the middle of the head. Scape and pedicel subconical, wider than flagellum. Flagellomeres cylindrical, length 1.1 – 1.5 Χ the width. Eyes setose, ovate, without incision, facets round, close. Clypeus bare. Two palpomeres seen: basal one ovate, length 2 Χ the width, apical round, 4 Χ shorter than basal. Thorax: Scutum irregularly setose. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Scutellum small. Anepisternum with several setae. Proepimeron touches mesepisternum at anepisternal suture. Anepisternum with deep cleft in the middle. Laterotergite shifted dorsocaudally, so that metepisternum contacts katepisternum for some distance, not in a point. Laterotergites and metepisternum with short hairs. Mediotergite short. Meron at mid coxae large. Wing membrane with microtrichia not arranged in rows. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, at one­fourth length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc very short, ends free. Humeral cross­vein oblique. R 1 short, about 0.4 Χ wing length. RS base short, transverse. R 5 about 0.8 Χ wing length, almost straight. M 1 slightly sigmoid, confined to apical third of wing, ends at tip of wing. Stem of M and M 2 absent. Crossvein r­m horizontal, very weak, meets M 3 + 4 and CuA stem, its length 1.2 Χ more than length of R 1. M 3 + 4 and CuA fork 1.7 Χ stem length, its base between levels of RS base and tip of R 1. M 3 + 4 and CuA curved gently. Legs: Fore tibia 1.25 Χ shorter than fore femora. Tibial and tarsal setulae not in rows. Hind tibia with 15 dorsal bristles. Tibial spurs 2 Χ the diameter of tibia. Hind tibiae with apical comb of short setae. Fore coxae with dense anterior setae, mid and hind coxae with setae in apical part, hind coxae without posterior setae. Abdomen insertion broad. Abdomen shorter than wings. Cerci with large basal and small round apical segments.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8DFF02FEE7FCECFE07.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 406, female. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8DFF02FEE7FCECFE07.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet in honor of Mr. Robert Goelet, for his generosity in funding purchase of specimens and the authors’ work.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8CFD57FE54FE68FEF4.taxon	description	Figures 17, 18, Plate 2 D	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8CFD57FE54FE68FEF4.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: RS base and the base of the M 3 + 4 and CuA fork very basally. R 1 length 4 Χ r­m.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8CFD57FE54FE68FEF4.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.09 mm; wing length = 1.05 mm. Head: Occiput and frons setose. Pedicel and scape wider than flagellomeres. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, length about equal to width. Face wide, quadrate. Clypeus setose, palpi 2 ­ segmented, basal palpomere swollen, apical one very small. Eyes with incision, forming incomplete eye bridge (possibly artifact, face deformed). Thorax: Proepimeron contacts katepisternum. Anepisternum width 1.5 Χ height, with distinct cleft posteriorly. Laterotergites, mediotergite and metepisternum with very short trichia. Scutum with numerous erect setae. Metepisternum with long anteriodorsal process touching katepisternum. Wing: Sc very short, free. Costa produced beyond R 5 one­third distance between R 5 and M 1 apices. RS base situated proximally, faint, oblique. R 1 length 4 Χ that of r­m. Crossvein r­m weak, 4 Χ shorter than R 1. M 1 originates at distal third of wing, curved at base. Base of the M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at the level of RS base. Legs: Hind coxae short­ er than mid ones. Fore coxae with long anterior setae, mid and hind ones with apical setae. Tibial setulae not in rows except apical half of hind tibiae. Hind tibiae long, swollen somewat at apex, with dorsal row of bristles and apical comb of setae. Tibial spur length 1.0 – 1.3 Χ tibial diameter. Abdomen setose, segments short. Genital complex wider than long. Gonocoxites fused. Gonostyli with one outer and two inner lobes.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8CFD57FE54FE68FEF4.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 434, male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF92FF8CFD57FE54FE68FEF4.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet derived from U. S. National Science Foundation, a generous sponsor of this and other fossil insect research at the AMNH.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF59FEEAFF4BFCD0.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Palpi short, 4 ­ segmented. Mouthparts form short proboscis or reduced. Laterotergites and mediotergite setose. Wing membrane with macrotrichia. Sc long, ends at C. Costa produced beyond R 5, not reaching wing apex. M 1 absent. M 2 reduced at the base. RS base transverse. M 3 + 4 and CuA fork stalked. Hind coxae shorter than fore and mid ones. Male genitalia simple.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF59FEEAFF4BFCD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Leptognoriste davisi, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF59FEEAFF4BFCD0.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a combination of leptos (Greek λeπτóơ, or thin, lean) and the genus name Gnoriste. The new name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF04FC8EFD4CFC5C.taxon	description	Figures 19 – 22, Plate 2 E	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF04FC8EFD4CFC5C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: The base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at level of base of RS. Mouthparts form short proboscis. M 1 reaching wing margin. Ninth tergite small, longer than wider, rectangular.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF04FC8EFD4CFC5C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.94 mm (holotype) / 1.69 mm (paratype); wing length = 1.26 mm (holotype) / 1.27 mm (paratype). Head round with protruding ocelli. Ocelli in triangle, lateral separated from medial by ocellus diameter and from eye margin by 2 ocellus diameters. Eyes large, rounded, with light emargination, with large facets. Clypeus narrow, triangular, setose. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, palpomere length ratio 1: 2: 2: 3. Apical palpomere attached preapically. Short proboscis, one­half head height. Wing length equal to abdomen length. Sc produced slightly beyond RS base. R 1 length 1.2 Χ r­m. M 2 originates in distal half of wing. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at level of RS base. Macrotrichia numerous in basal part of wing. Thorax: Scutum with long lateral, dorsocentral and acrostichal and shorter irregular setae. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Antepronotum and proepisternum setose. Anepisternum wider than its height. Proepimeron touches katepisternum slightly below anepisternal suture. Mesepisternum with long anterodorsal process, touching anepisternum. Laterotergites with row of long setae. Mediotergite irregularly setose with short setae. Legs: Coxae with relatively short setae. Hind tibiae with bristles in dorsal row, 1.5 Χ longer than femora. Abdomen setose, except first sternite. Abdomen insertion very narrow. Tergite 8 shorter than sternite. Tergite 9 narrow, rectangular with numerous setae at apex. Gonocoxites rather slender. Gonostyli slightly curved.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF04FC8EFD4CFC5C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 126 a, male; paratype AMNH Bu­ 126 b, male, in the same piece. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8CFF04FC8EFD4CFC5C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a patronym for Mr. Jim Davis, who supplied the AMNH with fossiliferous amber from Myanmar.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8AFD61FC7AFDC9FCCD.taxon	description	Figures 23, 24, Plate 2 F	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8AFD61FC7AFDC9FCCD.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Mouthparts reduced. R 1 shorter than r­m. M 2 weak at apex. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork beyond the level of RS base. Male 8 th tergite wider than long, rounded.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8AFD61FC7AFDC9FCCD.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.33 mm; wing length = 1.24 mm. Head: Occiput with long setae. Pedicel slightly wider then scape and flagellum, flagellomeres barrel­shaped, as long as wide. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, palpomere length ratio 1: 2: 2: 3.5. Thorax: Scutum with long lateral, acrostichal, and dorsocentral setae and short setae between rows. Proepimeron touches katepisternum below the episternal suture. Anepisternum width about equal to height. Laterotergites with long setae. Mediotergite with several long setae ventrally. Mesepisternum with long anterodorsal process, touching anepisternum. Wing length 1.5 Χ the abdomen length. R 1 slightly shorter than r­m. Macrotrichia in basal part of wing absent. M 2 weak at apex. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork beyond the level of RS base. Legs: Fore coxae with dense long anterior setae, mid and hind ones with apical. Hind tibiae without dorsal bristles, only slightly longer than femora. Abdomen. Tergite 9 wider than long, rounded on apex. Sternite I bare. Gonostyli curved at apex.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8AFD61FC7AFDC9FCCD.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 429. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8AFD61FC7AFDC9FCCD.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a combination of micros (Greek μικρoζ, or small) and stoma (Greek ơτóμα, or mouth), in reference to the reduced mouthparts. FAMILY MYCETOPHILIDAE NEWMAN, 1834	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF93FF8AFD61FC7AFDC9FCCD.taxon	description	SUBFAMILY MANOTINAE EDWARDS, 1925	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Antepronotum and proepisternum completely divided; mediotergite and laterotergites bare; wing membrane with or without macrotrichia; R 1 relatively short, length of R 1 about the length of r­m; R 4 present; M 3 + 4 and CuA fork with stem.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Alavamanota hispanica Blagoderov and Arillo, 2002.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest to the recent genus Manota Williston, 1896, distinguished by having the fourth palpomere attached preapically but very close to the apex of the third; two crossveins instead of one between R 1 and R 5 (RS 1 and R 4); tibial trichia irregularly arranged; sternite 9 separate; sternite 8 without 4 strong protuberances bearing long setae; and the basal segment of each cercus small. 3 + 4 Alavamanota burmitina, new species Figure 25, Plate 3 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Flagellum compressed dorsoventrally; mesonotum with long lateral setae; wing membrane with macrotrichia; length of small radial cell 6 Χ width; base of M 1 and M 3 section weak; tibial setulae arranged in rows.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.50 mm (holotype) / 1.62 – 2.5 mm (paratypes); wing length = 1.69 mm (holotype) / 1.08 – 1.85 mm (paratypes). Head: Postocciput with row of long protruding setae behind eye margin. Eyes slightly emarginate, densely setose, setae length 2 Χ facet diameter. Facets round, densely set. Three ocelli in triangle, close to each other. Frons and face setulose. Antennae inserted above middle of head. Scape and pedicel subconical, with apical setae. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres compressed, widths 1.2 – 2 Χ length, apical one conical. Texture of flagellomeres polygonlike. Only 3 segments of palpi visible, antepenultimate and penultimate with strong setae; penultimate 2.5 Χ as long as preceding one, ovate; apical segment 1.7 Χ length of penultimate one, narrow. Thorax: Scutum uniformly densely setose with short setae, bearing long lateral and posterior setae. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Suture between antepronotum and proepisternum complete, both segments uniform and covered with bristles. Scutellum with long setae. Anepisternum wider than higher, with wide dorsal cleft. Anepisternal suture declines posteriorly. Katepisternum setose ventrally. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare. Metepisternum with several light hairs posteroventrally. Wing membrane with macrotrichia; microtrichia not arranged in rows. Costa ends slightly beyond the tip of R 5, C and R 5 run very close to each other in apical part. R 1, R 5, r­m, M 1, and M 2 with setae ventrally and dorsally. Sc very short, ends free. Humeral vein oblique. R 1 about equal to length of r­m. Ratio of r­m and RS 2 section is 1: 1.4. Base of M 1 and M 2 fork at the level of R 4. Small radial cell with length 6 Χ width. Crossvein r­m horizontal, fused to tb, meets MA. M and CuA fork long, but not sessile. CuA curved caudally. Legs. Hind coxae bear apical only, not posterior setae. Tibial spur lengths ca. 4 Χ tibial diameter. Tibial trichia in rows. Abdomen setose, with 6 visible segments. Gonocoxites fused, lighter then abdomen, setose, swollen. Gonostyli not seen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 1271, male; paratypes AMNH Bu­ 428 a, Bu 279 a, males. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina. SUBFAMILY SCIOPHILINAE WINNERTZ, 1863 TRIBE SCIOPHILINI WINNERTZ, 1863 Neuratelia Rondani, 1856	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As given by Vockeroth (1972): Tibiae with distinct bristles, length of tibial spurs twice the tibia diameter; anepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepisternum bare; wing membrane with macrotrichia; sternite 8 of male large; gonocoxites partly or completely fused ventrally, gonostyli complex, subdivid­ ed or with elaborate processes.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Mycetophila nemoralis Meigen, 1818: 256 (orig. des.).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Two species of the genus were described from Baltic amber (Meunier, 1904) Neuratelia maimecha, new species Figure 26, Plate 3 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc short, ends before RS base; length of RS 1 section 2.5 Χ that of crossvein r­m; base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at the middle of r­m; mediotergite with sparse, fine trichia.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.11 mm (rest); wing length = 2.05 mm. Head: Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, with length about equal to width. Scape and pedicel rounded. Mouthparts form proboscis slightly shorter than head height. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, basal and antepenultimate segments oval, penultimate and apical segment bacilliform, apical slightly longer and narrower than penultimate, length ratio 1: 3: 4: 5.5. Thorax: Scutum with numerous, short, scattered setae and long lateral ones. Antepronotum with three setae, proepisternum with five. Anepisternum bare, with deep cleft in posterior part. Anepisternal suture declines posteriorly. Metepisternum quadrate, touching katepisternum. Laterotergites with several setae, mediotergite with sparse, fine trichia caudally. Wing membrane with microtrichia and few macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5. Sc meets C just before RS base. Sc 2 absent. Longitudinal veins with setae. M 3 + 4 and CuA base slightly distad of M 3 base. Legs: Tibiae with distinct bristles. Fore tibia longer than first tarsomere.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3311 / 661, end of abdomen not preserved, sex unknown. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantardakh, coll. 1971.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF95FF88FF35FCA6FCB7FDAB.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: Species epithet is derived from the Maimecha river on the Taimyr Pen­ insula, Siberia, where the amber deposit is located.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Laterotergites and mediotergite setose. Wing membrane with macrotrichia and with or without microtrichia. Sc 2 preapical or medial. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork before the base of the fork of M 1 and M 2.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Eurycera flava Dziedzicki, 1885: 167 [= pulchella (Curtis, 1837)] (by monotypy).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another fossil species occurs in Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber (Blagoderov and Arillo, 2002). Allocotocera burmitica, new species Figure 27, Plate 3 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Wing membrane with macro­ and microtrichia. Segment M 3 2.5 Χ length of r­m, 0.3 Χ that of M fork. Sc ends at level of RS base; Sc 2 in the apical one­fourth of Sc, distal to midpoint of Sc.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.86 mm; wing length = 2.46 mm. Head: Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, thickened to apex. Flagellomeres almost equal in length, length of the first one 2 Χ its width, apical one 5 Χ its width. Scape and pedicel subconical, with small apical setae, 2 Χ wider than flagellomeres. Eyes pubescent. Two palpomeres seen, cylindrical, length ca. 4 Χ the width. Thorax: Scutum irregularly covered with short setae and with strong, long lateral setae. Antepronotum with long setae. Scutellum with two pairs of long setae and several more short ones. Laterotergites and mediotergite with setae. Metepisternum with two short setae posteroventrally. Wing membrane clear, with macro­ and microtrichia. Costa ends at tip of R 5. Sc meets C beyond RS base. Sc 2 at level of base of section M 3. Section of RS 1 transverse. R 1 rather short, about 0.7 Χ wing length. R 5 curved caudally, not reaching wing apex. Crossvein r­m approximately 2.5 Χ as long as section RS 1 and 2.5 Χ length of section M 3. Fork of M 1 and M 2 3.3 Χ as long as section M 3. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork slightly before base of section M 3. Legs: Hind coxae with long posterior setae. Fore tibiae longer than first tarsomere. Cerci 1 ­ segmented, 2 Χ as long as 8 th tergite, setose.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH B­ 056, female. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a reference to the country of origin of the amber.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF97FF87FC85FD2AFDBCFC5C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The species is very close to A. xavieri, but differs in having a shorter Sc vein and a longer M 1 and M 2 fork.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF87FF54FC7AFC61FD0F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Infraorbital setae absent. Three palpomeres, penultimate one with long thin apical appendage. Antepronotum wide. Proepisternum rodlike. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Sc short, free. Wing membrane with macrotrichia. Base of M 1 and M 2 fork reduced. M 1 reaches wing margin before wing apex. M 3 + 4 free at the base. Gonostyli simple, slightly curved.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF87FF54FC7AFC61FD0F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Pseudomanota perplexa n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF87FF54FC7AFC61FD0F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a combination of pseudos (Greek Ψeυ ˘ ƃoơ, or a lie, a fraud) and the genus name Manota. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF87FF54FC7AFC61FD0F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Some structures, especially the wide quadrate face, long and flexible apical palpomere, short Sc and R 1, horizontal r­m, and reduced venation are like Manotinae. Also, unlike typical Sciophilinae, the new genus has laterotergites and especially the mediotergite bare. Nevertheless, the genus is attributed to the subfamily Sciophilinae based on a long, rodlike proepimeron, the rather distal position of humeral vein, and long and slender gonocoxites (which are not known for any manotines). Within Sciophilinae the new genus might be close to the Azana group of genera (Matile, 1998), demonstrating reduction of median veins. All of the genera in the group have reduced venation, with CuA simple and not forming a fork with M 3 + 4. Matile (1998) supposed that M 3 + 4 in this group was reduced completely, while the fork of M 1 and M 2 lost its base. Jugding on the position of vein apices, at least Paratrizygia, Neoaphelomera, and Neotrizygia may have lost M 2, and an incomplete vein between M 1 and CuA may be homologous to M 3 + 4. The new species has venation more primitive than the genera in the Azana group, preserving all the longitudinal veins, although without bases.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF86FD6FFD4CFB21FA02.taxon	description	Figures 28 – 30, Plate 3 D	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF86FD6FFD4CFB21FA02.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for the genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF86FD6FFD4CFB21FA02.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.44 mm; wing length = 1.07 mm. Head: Eyes large, setulose, with large facets. Occiput and postgena setose, without erect bristles. Ocelli not seen. Antennae attached above middle of head. Frons, face and clypeus setose. Pedicel subconical. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, slightly thicker toward apex; flagellomeres cylindrical, width 1 – 1.5 Χ length. Three palpomeres seen, basal one heart­shaped, penultimate one with long thin apical appendage about one­third its length, apical one long and slen­ der. Thorax: Antepronotum and proepisternum wide, completely divided, setose. Proepimeron narrow, rodlike. Scutum with lateral, acrostichal, and dorsocentral setae with bare strips in between. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Anepisternal suture declines posteriorly. Anepisternum with wide cleft. Metepisternum with long, narrow anterodorsal process touching laterotergite. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Wing membrane with macrotrichia and microtrichia. Humeral vein slightly distad of MA. Costa extends to R 5 apex at two­thirds distance between tips of R 5 and M 1, not reaching wing apex. Length of R 1 is 0.6 Χ wing length. Small radial cell length 5 Χ width. M 1 originates at apical one­third of wing, reaching wing margin before wing apex. M 2 originates at apical half of wing. M 3 + 4 free at the base. M 1, M 2, M 3 + 4, and CuA apices weak. Legs: Tibial setulae not arranged in rows except on apex of mid and hind tibiae. Tibial spurs ca. 3.5 Χ tibia diameter. Hind tibia with a dorsal row of bristles. Abdomen setose, with 6 segments visible. Genital complex as long as 4 th – 6 th segments combined, rotated 180 °. Tergite 9 small, apex round, covering basal part of gonocoxites only. Aedeagus with two teeth apically. Gonocoxites separated, massive, setose. Gonostyli simple, sticklike, slightly curved, apically flat, shovel­like.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF86FD6FFD4CFB21FA02.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 599 a, male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF98FF86FD6FFD4CFB21FA02.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is from the Latin word perplexus, meaning ‘‘ muddled, intricate’ ’, in reference to the intriguing combination of sciophiline and manotine characters. TRIBE GNORISTINI EDWARDS, 1925	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF99FF86FCB0FA5BFB6AF909.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Mediotergite bare; laterotergites setose; Sc meets C; R 4 present; base of M 3 + 4 distad of r­m, faint; M 2 several times longer than r­m.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF99FF86FCB0FA5BFB6AF909.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: A. rara Grzegorgzek, 1885:	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9AFF84FF2BF983FE9AFD69.taxon	description	Figures 31, 32, Plate 3 E	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9AFF84FF2BF983FE9AFD69.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc short, ends before RS base. Gonostyli with distinct rounded apical lobe and long inner process.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9AFF84FF2BF983FE9AFD69.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.24 mm; wing length = 1.46 mm. Head: Eyes slightly emarginate near antennal base. Flagellum with 14 cylindrical flagellomeres, covered by trichia equal to 0.5 Χ flagellomere diameter. Palpi rather long; antepenultimate segment oval, broadened; penultimate and apical segments long and slender, together equal to fore coxa in length; apical segment slightly clubbed at apex, with several short setae. Palpomere length ratio 1: 2: 4. Thorax: Scutum with lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal rows of short setae. Mediotergite bare. Wing: Veins R 1, R 5, M 1, and M 2 with setae. Sc meets C before RS base. R 5 almost straight. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5 onefifth the distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. M 1, M 2, and M stem weak. Base of M 3 + 4 absent. Legs: Hind coxae without posterior setae. Abdomen setose, with 7 visible segments, 8 th one small and retracted. Gonocoxites long, stout, thinner apically. Gonostyli with rounded apical lobe, bearing dorsoventral row of bristles and long inner process, ending in a short spur.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9AFF84FF2BF983FE9AFD69.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3963 / 4, male. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Bulun, coll. 1976.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9AFF84FF2BF983FE9AFD69.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is toponymic.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9AFF84FF2BF983FE9AFD69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Given the current low diversity of the genus, it would seem highly improbable for three fossil species to occur unless the genus was more diverse and abundant in the past.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As given by Freeman (1951): Setae on stems and forks of both M and Cu present, flagellomere lengths not more than width, Sc long, penultimate palpomere short­ er than apical and antepenultimate ones, laterotergites bare or setose, midtibial organ present.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: S. fasciata Meigen, 1818 (by monotypy).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: About 25 extant species of Synapha are known from all biogeographic regions. Two fossil species of the genus were described from Eocene Baltic amber (Meunier, 1904) and the Lower Cretaceous of Montsec, Spain (Blagoderov and Martínez­ Delclós, 2001). The related genus Austrosynapha Tonnoir, 1929 has 23 species from South America, which were cataloged by Papavero (1977 b); 7 occur in New Zealand (Tonnoir and Edwards, 1927) and one is from Australia (Tonnoir, 1929). Synapha longistyla, new species Figures 33, 34, Plate 3 F	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from living and fossil members by the structure of genitalia, having gonostyli very long and with numerous inner spurs.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.15 mm; wing length = 1.58 mm. Head round. Eyes large, rounded, with round facets. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, length of each about 1.5 Χ its width. Two palpomeres seen. Penultimate 0.7 Χ length of apical one, which is slender and flexible. Thorax: Scutum irregularly setose. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare. Wing: R 1 and R 5 almost straight, with setae, remaining veins bare, except apex of M, a few setae present on M 2 and CuA 1 dorsally. Length ratio of sections RS 1, RS 2, and RS 3 is 1: 1.4: 13. Crossvein r­m slightly sigmoid, its length 2 Χ length of M 3 section. Base of M 3 + 4 absent, the vein originates at level of M 3 midpoint. CuA and M 3 + 4 gently curved caudally. Legs: Midtibial organ absent. Abdomen with 6 visible segments, 7 th and 8 th segments small and retractable. Gonocoxites fused. Gonostyli long, straight, with numerous stiff spines arranged in rows on inner surface and several dark, curved ones at base.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype MCZC 6944, male, Canada: Manitoba, Cedar Lake.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet refers to the long gonostyli of the species.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF84FF4AFD69FB16F999.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species lacks distinct synapomorphies of Synapha (i. e., midtibial sensory organ and short gonostyli) as well as strong setae on the medial and cubital forks. The fossil has moderately long flagellomeres and subequal palpomeres, considered to be synapomorphies of Austrosynapha (see table 2). Long, slender gonostyli, which are characteristic for Austrosynapha and many other Mesozoic fungus gnats, is considered to be plesiomorphic. Most likely, the new species together with the Lower Cretaceous S. rubiesensis Blagoderov and Martínez­Delclós, 2001 represent a Synapha­Austrosynapha stem group, although monophyly of the group and included genera is still to be established. Matile (1991) noted that Synapha was probably polyphyletic. The definition of both genera is vague, and often characters of different subgroups overlap. For example, species of A. (Paraaustrosynapha) Duret have short flagellomeres, while species of A. (Neoaustrosynapha) Duret retain some macrotrichia on the medial fork (Duret, 1980).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: After Freeman (1951): Eyes emarginate at level of antennae; 3 ocelli in a straight line; laterotergal hairs present or absent; wing membrane without macrotrichia; Sc ending at R before or beyond base of RS, Sc 1 may be present as a short stump; base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork considerably basal to M 1 and M 2 fork; R 4 may be present or absent.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Hertwigia marginata Dziedzicki, 1885: 165 (by monotypy).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: About 50 extant species of the genus are described, mostly from the New World, especially South America, with several species from Holarctic and Afrotropics. Four species are known from Baltic amber (Meunier, 1917 a, 1917 b, 1922) and one from the Oligocene of Rott (Statz, 1944). Some authors (Chandler, 1999; Hutson, 1979; Matile, 1992; Vockeroth, 1980) noted that the genus in present definition was plausibly polyphyletic since some of the species belong to other gnoristine genera, such as Syntemna Winnertz, 1863 and Hadroneura Lundström, 1906. Dziedzickia nashi, new species Figures 35, 36, Plate 4 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Laterotergites setose. Forked veins without setae. Tergite 9 short. Gonocoxites simple. Gonostyli with strong inner process.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.96 mm (holotype) / 2.92 – 3.37 mm (paratypes); wing length = 2.50 mm (holotype) / 2.28 – 3.32 mm (paratypes). Brown gnats, thorax dark brown, occiput greyish brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Head: Eyes large, bare, slightly emarginate; three ocelli in line. Median ocellus slightly sunken, distance from middle to lateral ocellus and from lateral one to eye margin ~ 1.5 Χ ocellus diameter. Scape and pedicel shorter than flagellomeres, bare. Flagellomeres cylindrical, length ~ 1.5 Χ width, length of apical one ~ 2 Χ the width. Three palpomeres seen, short, gradually thinner toward apex. Mouthparts less than one­fourth height of head. Thorax: Mesonotum very convex, with dorsocentral, acrostichal, and lateral setae well developed. Antepronotum and laterotergite setose, other sclerites bare. Proepimeron thick, short, touches katepisternum. Anepisternal suture declines posteriorly. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Sc ends at R 1 beyond RS base. Sc 1 absent. RS 1, RS 2, and RS 3 ratio 1: 1.2 – 1.3: 11 – 15. M 3 length 2 Χ that of r­m crossvein. Base of M 1 + 2 fork at level of R 4. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork before base of r­m. Abdomen setose, 7 th segment 2 Χ shorter than 6 th. Male: Gonocoxites massive, bristly, separated ventrally by deep cleft. Ninth tergite short, transverse, covers only base of gonocoxites. Gonostyli with a strong, thin, dark process pointed inward. Female with cerci 2 ­ segmented. Basal segment 2.5 Χ apical one, cylindrical. Apical segment rounded.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH NJ­ 117 a, male. Paratypes: AMNH NJ­ 117 b, c, e, m, females, NJ­ 117 d, g, h, males, NJ­ 117 f (wing), all in the same piece of amber. USA: New Jersey, Sayerville, coll. P. Nascimbene. See figure 38 for a map of syninclusions.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is patronymic for Mr. Paul Nascimbene, who collect­ ed the piece and who has diligently prepared numerous amber specimens for the AMNH.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9BFF82FCA8F9C3FC1CF909.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Differs from all other species by the structure of male genitalia. A thorough comparision will be possible only after revision of the genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF81FF54FD13FD2CFB54.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As given by Vockeroth (1980): Face weakly sclerotized, bare; laterotergites bare; metepisternum with short fine hairs; prosternum bare; sternites of abdomen with median fold line. Male with tergite 7 and sternite 7 haired; subequal in length, twothirds length of segment 6; tergite 9 not fused with gonocoxites. Female with sternite 8 deeply emarginate posteriorly.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF81FF54FD13FD2CFB54.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Boletina cincta Johannsen, 1912: 270 (by original designation).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF81FF54FD13FD2CFB54.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Three species of the genus are known from Eastern North America, Europe and Japan (Khonsu), and Taiwan and Nepal.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF80FCA3FF78FDD9FD69.taxon	description	Figure 37, Plate 4 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF80FCA3FF78FDD9FD69.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from the living species by Sc long, meeting C just before RS base.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF80FCA3FF78FDD9FD69.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION (see also table 3): Body length = 2.84 mm, wing length = 1.80 mm. Head: Ocelli three, each slightly raised, very close. Eyes pubescent. Vertex and clypeus setulose. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, with length slightly greater than width. Mouthparts form short proboscis, length is one­half the head height. Only three palpal segments seen: antepenultimate segment swollen, penultimate and apical ones narrower, bacilliform. Length ratio 1: 1.7: 2.7. Thorax: Antepronotum with two long setae. Scutum with strong, curved lateral, dorsocentral and acrostichal setae. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare. Scutellum with 5 pairs of rather short setae. Metepisternum with two long setae dorsally. Wing: Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, one­third distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. Stem of R, R 1 and R 5 with rows of dorsal and ventral setae. R 1 and R 5 straight. Sc meets C just before RS base. Sc 2 apical, proximal to base of M 3. Crossvein r­m 1.5 Χ length of RS 1 and 0.3 Χ length of M 3 section. Fork of M 1 and M 2 2.7 Χ length of M 3. M 1 and M 2 fork campanulate, veins straight, with a few ventral setae apically. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork proximal to base of M 1 and M 2 fork, M 3 + 4 and TABLE 3 Comparison of Boletina, Saigusaia, and Saigusaia pikei n. sp. CuA curved caudally. Legs: Tibial bristles 2 Χ tibial diameter. Tarsal claw with one tooth. Abdomen: Sternite 8 with two triangular, rounded, caudal lobes covered by long setae. Cerci two­segmented. Basal segment large and broad, apical one 0.5 Χ the length and 0.5 Χ the width of basal one; both setose.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF80FCA3FF78FDD9FD69.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype TMPD P 79.15.7.21, female. Canada: Alberta, Grassy Lake, coll. T. Pike.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF80FCA3FF78FDD9FD69.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is patronymic for Dr. T. Pike, who collected the specimen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9EFF80FCA3FF78FDD9FD69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species has almost all the features of Saigusaia (table 3, see also Vockeroth, 1980), so despite the long Sc vein its placement in the genus is virtually certain.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFFBEFCF7FB81FE4CFDB7.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Costa virtually ends at the apex of R 5. Sc bare. Sc 2 apical. Section M 2 setose. R 5 not reaching wing apex. M 3 weak. Acrostichal setae absent. Tergite 9 short. Gonostyli well developed.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFFBEFCF7FB81FE4CFDB7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Gregikia pallida, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFFBEFCF7FB81FE4CFDB7.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is derived from some letters commonly used in names of genera in this complex. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFFBEFCF7FB81FE4CFDB7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The genus is very similar to Palaecomoptera Blagoderov, 1997, five species of which were described from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia and Mongolia (Blagoderov, 1997, 1998 a), as well as to three monotypic genera: Grzegorzekia Edwards, Creagdhuhia Chandler, and Phoenikiella Chandler. It is distinguished from Palaecomoptera by R 5 not reaching wing apex, costa not produced after R 5 apex, and base of fork of M 1 and M 2 weak. The genus dif­ fers from Grzegorzekia, Creagdhuhia, and Phoenikiella by a short apical palpomere, absence of acrostichal setae, weak M stem and base of fork of M 1 and M 2, absence of setae on A, from Grzegorzekia also by having Sc bare. Gonocoxites of the new genus also have two lobes as in the last three genera, but the gonostyli are better developed. This state is undoubtedly more plesiomorphic than the highly modified genital complex of Grzegorzekia, Creagdhuhia and Phoenikiella. Species of Palaecomoptera have gonostyli developed as well, but some (P. shcherbakovi, P. lukashevichae) have tergite 9 large, fully covering the gonocoxites.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Mediotergite bare; laterotergites setose; wing membrane with macrotrichia; Sc meets R; radial cell very small, subquadrate; base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork proximal to base of M 1 and M 2 fork; segment 7 of abdomen reduced.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: S. morosa Winnertz, 1863: 767, by monotypy.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: About 20 extant species are known from the Holarctic (Zaitzev, 1994), with an additional 12 species described from Baltic amber (Meunier, 1904, 1917 a, 1922) and 4 from the Lower and Upper Cretaceous of northeast Asia (Blagoderov, 1995, 1998 a, 2000). Syntemna fissurata, new species Figures 39, 40, Plate 4 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc ends at R at the base of RS; R 4 present; crossvein r­m 0.5 Χ length of M 3 section; base of fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA proximal to the base of M 1 and M 2 fork.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 3.06 mm, wing length = 2.28 mm. Head not fully visible. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres barrel­shaped, length of each 1.5 Χ the width, setose, length of setae about equal to flagellomere width. Thorax: Scutum with strong, long setae in lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal rows, with short setulae. Antepronotum, proepisternum, laterotergites, and me­ diotergite setose. Wing membrane with microtrichia and short macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond the tip of R 5, one­fourth distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc meets R just before base of RS. Sections of RS 1 and RS 2 equal and 1.5 Χ length of r­m. Crossvein r­m 0.5 Χ length of M 3 section. Fork of M 1 and M 2 3.5 Χ length of its stem (M 3). Base of fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA proximal to the base of M 2 section. Legs: Inner surface of mid tibia with fissurelike sensory pit in apical third. Tarsal claws with two short teeth at the base. Abdomen setose, with 7 visible segments, 7 th one very small. Cerci 2 ­ segment­ ed, basal segment roundish, with numerous long trichia; apical segment bacilliform, with length twice the width, bare. Lateral lobes of 8 th sternite setulose.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype TMPD P 83.15.3.8, female. Canada: Alberta, Grassy Lake, coll. T. Pike	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is the Latin word fissures, meaning ‘‘ full of cracks’ ’, in reference to the state of preservation of the specimen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FF9FFF80FF5AFD6CFCC5FBCA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The new species differs from all other known Mesozoic species in having section M 3 long, at least twice the length of crossvein r­m.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFC8AFCB2FBAAF9E8.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Palpi 3 ­ segmented, short. Scutum with long lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal setae. Laterotergites bare. Sc ends at R. Base of fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA at the level of r­m base. M 3 section approximately equal to r­m. Gonostyli simple.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFC8AFCB2FBAAF9E8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Gaalomyia carolinae, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFC8AFCB2FBAAF9E8.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The name is a feminine anagram of the genus name Aglaomyia.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFC8AFCB2FBAAF9E8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The new genus differs form Aglaomyia Vockeroth in having acrostichal setae present, palpi short, Sc ending at R basally of posterior fork, and 7 th abdominal segment well developed. Palaeodocosia Meunier has palpi 4 ­ segmented, vein Sc shorter, and the base of fork M 3 + 4 and CuA more proximal. Pseudalysiinia Tonnoir has palpi 4 ­ segmented and incrassate, with no bristles on the thorax and legs, and tibial spurs short. The genus may be close to Ipsaneusidalys Blagoderov, 1998, especially I. longipennis, but the latter differs in having long fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA and M 3 section, and R 5 is sinuous. Preservation of I. longipennis seems to be insufficient to decide if both species are congeneric.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFF7CFD24FB3DFD2C.taxon	description	Figures 41 – 43, Plate 4 D	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFF7CFD24FB3DFD2C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFF7CFD24FB3DFD2C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 3.77 mm (holotype) / 3.09 – 3.65 mm (paratypes); wing length = 3.26 mm (holotype) / 2.36 – 3.76 mm (paratypes). Head: Vertex setose. Scape and pedicel small. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented. Flagellomeres cylindrical, length 2 Χ the width, covered by trichia, length of trichia about one­half flagellomere width. Only three segments of palpi visible; segments short, nearly cylindrical, combined length slightly less then head height. Thorax: Scutum with erect setae, arranged in rows with wide bare strips between them, acrostichal setae absent. Antepronotum and proepisternum setose. Proepimeron touches mesepisternum at anepisternal suture. Scutellum with four pairs of setae. Anepimeron very narrow ventrally, so that laterotergite touches katepisternum. Katepisternum larger than anepisternum. Mediotergite, laterotergites, and metepisternum bare. Wing: Costa ends slightly beyond tip of R 5. Sc meets C at level of RS base. R stem, R 1, R 5, and distal parts of M 1 and M 2 with setae. R 5 not reaching wing apex. Section RS 1 oblique. R 4 transverse. Ratios of lengths of RS 1, RS 2, and RS 3 is 1: 1.5: 12 – 15. Length of crossvein r­m about equal to RS 1 and 0.25 Χ M 3 section. M 1 subparallel to R 5; veins M 1, M 2, M 3 + 4, and CuA divergent. Base of fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA proximal to M 3 base. M 3 + 4 and CuA curved gently. M 1, M 2, M 3 + 4, and CuA with a few setae on apical part. Legs: Hind coxae with long dor­ solateral setae. Mid tibiae without sensory pit. Tarsal claw with one basal tooth. Abdomen densely setose. Segments 7 and 8 short, about one­half length of segment 6. Tergite 9 short, does not cover gonocoxites. Gonocoxites densely setose, with long, slim apical and basal lobes, pointed caudally and bearing numerous inner setae. Gonostyli ovate, bare, with strong dark apical processes.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFF7CFD24FB3DFD2C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH NJ 117 j, male. Paratypes: AMNH NJ 117 i, male (see fig. 74 for the scheme of syninclusions), coll. P. Nascimbene; AMNH NJ 871 a and NJ 871 b, sex unknown, coll. K. Luzzi. USA: New Jersey, Sayreville.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBEFF7CFD24FB3DFD2C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a Latin word pallidus meaning ‘‘ pale’ ’ in reference to state of preservation of the specimen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBCFD5FF9F6FD81FF16.taxon	description	Figure 44, Plate 4 E	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBCFD5FF9F6FD81FF16.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBCFD5FF9F6FD81FF16.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.68 mm; wing length = 2.34 mm. Head: Occiput and frons densely setose. Eyes large, with round facets, slightly emarginate, setulose. Ocelli absent. Scape and pedicel rounded, flagellum 14 ­ segmented, filiform. Length of 1 st and apical flagellomeres 2.5 Χ width, with others 2 Χ width. Palpi 3 ­ segmented, palpomeres equal in length and subsequently narrower to apex. Length of penultimate one 1.5 Χ width, apical one 3 Χ width. Clypeus setose. Thorax: Scutum with long lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal setae. Proepimeron touches katepisternum at shallow incision. Katepisternum larger than anepisternum. Anepisternal suture horizontal. Antepronotum and proepisternum with long setae, other thoracic sclerites bare. Wing membrane without microtrichia. R, R 1, R 5, and M 1 with dorsal setae. Sc ends at R at the level of base of r­m. R 1 and R 5 straight. Crossvein r­m equal to M 3 section. Length of fork of M 1 and M 2 4 Χ M 3 section. M 1 and M 2 not reaching wing margin. Legs: Fore and mid coxae densely setose, hind coxae with long posterolateral setae. Femora with ventral row of setae. Tibial spurs 2 – 2.3 Χ tibial diameter. Abdomen densely setose. Sternite I bare. Eighth tergite short, length 0.5 Χ 7 th tergite. Tergite IX reniform, width 3 Χ length. Gonocoxites slen­ der, length 3.5 Χ width, widely separated. Gonostyli saberlike, curved inside.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBCFD5FF9F6FD81FF16.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 390, male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA1FFBCFD5FF9F6FD81FF16.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a patronym honoring our friend and colleague Caroline S. Chaboo, specialist on chrysomelid beetles. TRIBE LEIINI EDWARDS, 1925	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF4DFF5CFE82FB9F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Three ocelli, lateral ones do not contact eye margin. Sc merges with R. R 1 2 – 3 Χ length of r­m. Veins of median and cubital forks lightly sclerotized. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork lies between levels of base of r­m and M 1 – M 2 fork. Tibial bristles absent.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF4DFF5CFE82FB9F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Nedocosia exsangius, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF4DFF5CFE82FB9F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is derived from the prefix ne­, ‘‘ negation’ ’, and the genus Docosia. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF4DFF5CFE82FB9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This genus is most similar to Docosia Winnertz, 1863, which consists of 25 extant Palaearctic, 15 Nearctic, and 2 Neotropical species (Zaitzev, 1994). Seven species of Docosia are known from Baltic amber (Meunier, 1904, 1916, 1922, 1923) and one from the Oligocene shales of Rott, Germany (Statz, 1944). The new genus differs by having lateral ocelli not touching the eye margins (undoubtedly plesiomorphic), and by the lack of strong tibial bristles. Differences in sclerotization of anterior veins (Sc, R, R 5) and posterior veins (forks) in the new genus are not as great as in Docosia species. Two species of Docosia described from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia (Blagoderov, 1995) may also belong to the new genus, in fact showing affinities to N. novacaesarea.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF1FFBC4FC91FC5C.taxon	description	Figures 45, 46, Plate 4 F	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF1FFBC4FC91FC5C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc meets R before level of base of r­m. Laterotergites bare. Cerci with two combs of dark setae. Apices of gonostyli sharp, curved inward at right angle.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF1FFBC4FC91FC5C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.29 mm; wing length = 0.67 mm (rest). Head oval, with rounded occiput, occiput and frons with scattered setae. Ocelli three, lateral one about its own diameter from eye margin and two diameters from medial ocellus. Eyes slightly emarginate, with round facets and short interfacetal trichia. Scape subconical, pedicel cylindrical. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres of hexagonal surface texture, cylindrical, lengths about equal to width. Face and clypeus setose. Thorax: Scutum with setae in lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal rows. Antepronotum with 4 long and several short­ er setae. Proepimeron very small, touches katepisternum at incision. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Metepisternum broader than high. Wing: Sc meets R before M 3 base. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, more than one­half length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Crossvein r­m 0.37 Χ length of R 1, and 0.6 Χ length of M 3 section. Base of fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA between levels of bases of M 3 section and M 1 and M 2 fork. M 3 + 4 very weak. M 1 and M 2 fork campanulate. Longitudinal veins with setae, except Sc. Legs: Fore coxae with anterior setae, mid coxa with apical setae. Fore leg with first tarsomere 2 Χ longer than second and 0.55 Χ length of tibia. Abdomen: Tergites setose, sternites bare. Cerci with two comblike rows of black bristles. Apices of gonostyli sharp, squarish, curved inward.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF1FFBC4FC91FC5C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3130 / 193, male. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantardakh, coll. 1970.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBCFF1FFBC4FC91FC5C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: Latin, meaning pale or bloodless, referring to the pale color of the specimen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBAFD4FFC7AFD23FD3E.taxon	description	Plate 5 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBAFD4FFC7AFD23FD3E.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc meets R at the level of the base of the stem of M 1 + 2. Laterotergites setose. Anterior edge of fore coxa bare. Hind legs stout.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBAFD4FFC7AFD23FD3E.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.37 mm, wing length = 1.82 mm. Head: Occiput and frons setose. Ocelli three, equal in size; distance of median to lateral ocellus and from lateral ocellus to eye margin equal to twice their diameter. Eye with slight incision at antennal bases. Antennae short, only 10 flagellomeres preserved; flagellomeres cylindrical, widths 1.1 – 1.5 Χ lengths. Face triangular, setose, clypeus ovate, bare. Palpi 5 ­ segmented, short, antepenultimate segment swollen, with medial sensory pit on inner surface. Apical palpomere shorter than penultimate one, both slender, with sparse setulae. Length ratio 1: 3: 3: 5: 5. Thorax: Mesonotum with short trichia and setae of various sizes; setae arranged in 5 rows. Antepronotum with three setae; proepisternum with two on lower part. Scutellum with two very long setae and two smaller ones. Laterotergites with a few tri­ 47. N. novacaesarea, n. sp., holotype AMNH NJ­ 117 k. chia in lower part. Mediotergite bare. Wing: Sc meets R at the level of the base of the stem of M 1 + 2. R 1 twice the length of r­m. R 5 curved slightly back. C ends far beyond tip of R 5, but does not reach wing apex. Stem of R, R 1, and R 5 with setae. Legs: Anterior edge of fore coxae without setae. Fore tibiae with semicircular anteroapical depressed area, covered with numerous small trichia. Mid tibial spur length 2.5 Χ apical diameter of tibia, hind tibial spur 1.5 Χ diameter. Hind legs stout, longer than mid legs. First fore tarsomere 2.5 Χ longer than second and 0.67 Χ length of tibia. Cerci simple.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBAFD4FFC7AFD23FD3E.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3311 / 665, female. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantardakh, coll. 1971.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA3FFBAFD4FFC7AFD23FD3E.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a reference to the region of origin of the amber.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFF19FC93FD2DF909.taxon	description	Plate 5 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFF19FC93FD2DF909.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc meets R before level of base of the stem of M 1 + 2. R 1 2.5 Χ length of r­m. M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at the level of r­m. M 3 section shorter than r­m crossvein. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFF19FC93FD2DF909.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.50 mm (preserved part). Head: Occiput with setae of different length. Ocelli not seen. Eyes with round facets, setulose. Scape small, pedicel subconical. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, lengths equal to widths, densely covered by trichia no longer than half width of basal flagellomere. Three segments of palpi seen, combined length equal to head height. Thorax: Scutum uniformly setose with long and short setae. Antepronotum with two very long setae and several short ones. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Wing: Sc meets R before level of base of the stem of M 1 + 2. R 1 2.5 Χ length of r­m. Crossvein r­m 1.3 Χ length of M 3 section. Base of fork of M 3 + 4 – CuA proximal to base of fork of M 1 – M 2.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFF19FC93FD2DF909.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype MCZC 6897, incomplete specimen, sex unknown. Canada: Manitoba, Cedar Lake, coll. F. M. Carpenter.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFF19FC93FD2DF909.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a reference to the country of origin of the amber.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFD6AFF78FB85F909.taxon	description	Figure 47, Plate 5 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFD6AFF78FB85F909.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Flagellum 11 ­ segmented. Sc long, ends at R between RS and r­m bases. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at level of r­m. Fore leg with tibia equal to femur or slightly longer.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFD6AFF78FB85F909.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.34 mm (holotype) / 2.88 mm (paratype); wing length = 1.75 mm (holotype) / 2.20 mm (paratype). Head: Three ocelli in line, distances between median and lateral ones, and between lateral and eye margin, are equal. Face rectangular, bare. Clypeus bare. Scape and pedicel round­ ed, shorter than flagellomeres. Flagellum 11 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, with lengths 2 Χ width. Two palpomeres seen, apical one 2 Χ length of basal. Thoracic sclerites bare. Scutum with long lateral setae and numerous short ones, not arranged in rows. Proepimeron small, fits in shallow incision on katepisternum. Anepisternal suture declines backward. Metepisternum touches anepimeron. Meron large. Wing: Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, more than one­third length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc long, ends at R between RS and r­m bases. Length of R 1 2.5 – 3 Χ that of r­m, M 3 section twice that of r­m. Length of fork of M 1 and M 2 2.5 – 3 Χ M 3 section. Base of fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA at level of rm base. Legs: Fore coxae with short anterior setae, hind coxae with long posterolateral setae. Fore leg with tibia equal to femur. Tibial spurs 1.2 – 1.5 Χ tibial diameter. Abomen setose. Seventh segment very narrow. Gonocoxites massive, with apices blunt.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFD6AFF78FB85F909.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH NJ­ 117 k, male; paratype NJ­ 117 l, male in the same piece. USA: New Jersey, Sayreville, coll. P. Nascimbene.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFD6AFF78FB85F909.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is derived from Latin Nova Caesarea meaning ‘‘ New Jersey’ ’ and is a reference to the state of origin of the amber.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA5FFBAFD6AFF78FB85F909.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The species is similar in venation to Docosia baisae Blagoderov, 1998 and D. zaza Blagoderov, 1998, by proximal position of the forked base of M 3 + 4 and CuA, but differs from the latter species in having Sc long and M 3 section short.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF0AFF78FE38FC3A.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As given by Chandler (1980): Lateral ocelli remote from eye margin; laterotergites bare; Sc ending in R before base of RS; R 4 present; R 1 short, at most twice as long as r­m; R 5 straight; C prolonged well beyond tip of R 5; veins of medial and cubital sectors weak and faint; posterior fork sessile. Males with ‘‘ sensory pit’ ’ near the base of mid tibia; hind tibial comb absent.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF0AFF78FE38FC3A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Tetragoneura hirta Winnertz, 1846: 19 (orig. designation)	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF0AFF78FE38FC3A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: There are about 10 extant species from the Holarctic region. The genus is very close to Tetragoneura Winnertz (about 100 widespread living species) and is sometimes included in it or treated within the tribe Gnoristini (Tuomikoski, 1966; Vaisanen, 1986). There are two fossil species described from Baltic amber (Meunier, 1904) and the Oligocene of Rott, Germany (Statz, 1944). Chandler (1999) suggested that Ectrepesthoneura was paraphyletic.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF02FB9BFBEBFA94.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Fore tibiae slightly shorter than fore femur. Section M 3 and bases of M 1 and M 2 very weak. Length of small radial cell twice the width.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF02FB9BFBEBFA94.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.39 mm; wing length = 2.02 mm. Head: Occiput and frons with short curved setae. Ocelli three, distance of lateral one to eye margin more than twice the ocellus diameter. Scape subconical, pedicel rounded, width twice flagellomere width. Eleven segments of flagellum preserved, flagellomeres cylindrical, with length about equal to width. Face setose. Palpi 4 ­ segmented; 1 st palpomere very small; antepenultimate one oval, its length twice the width, with medial sensory pit; penultimate one with length 3 Χ width, attached to the second one preapically; apical segment long and slender. Clypeus triangular, setose. Thorax: Scutum with numerous long setae most­ ly curved forward and shorter ones curved back, arranged in rows. Antepronotum with 3 long setae. Scutellum with two pairs of long setae. Other thoracic sclerites bare. Wing: All longitudinal veins with short setae. Sc meets R proximal to base of M 3. Length ratio of sections RS 1, RS 2, and RS 3 is 1: 2: 13. RS 1 transverse, 0.3 Χ length of r­m. Crossvein r­m 0.7 Χ length of R 1 and 0.5 Χ length of M 3 section. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, one­third distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. Section M 3 and M 1 and M 2 bases very weak. Legs: Fore coxae with numerous anteromedial setae, hind coxae with posterolateral setae. Fore and mid tibiae slightly shorter than fore femora. Mid and hind tibiae and tarsi with rows of black bristles. Tibial spurs 1.5 – 2 Χ tibial diameter. Tarsal claw with one long tooth. Abdomen setose. Eighth sternite almost triangular. Cerci 2 ­ segmented, basal segment stick­shaped, with length twice the width, extends beyond 8 th sternite; apical one discoidal, attached at the apex of the basal one, 2.2 Χ shorter. Dorsal border of 8 th sternite (gonocoxite 8 of Martinsen and Söli, 2000) straight.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF02FB9BFBEBFA94.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3311 / 662, male. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantardakh, coll. 1971.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF02FB9BFBEBFA94.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: From Latin succinum meaning ‘‘ amber’ ’ and montanus meaning ‘‘ mountainous’ ’. Yantardakh means ‘‘ amber mountain’ ’ in Dolgan language.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB9FF02FB9BFBEBFA94.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Comparision with recent species is difficult, because nongenital characters used for distinguishing species have been considered to be unreliable for this genus (Martinsen and Söli, 2000). For species where the female genitalia are known the new species is most similar to E. hirta Winnertz.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB7FD70FAC2FF60FA94.taxon	description	Figures 50, 51, Plate 5 E	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB7FD70FAC2FF60FA94.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Sc long, meets R just before base of M 3. Small radial cell relatively long. Gonocoxites with triangular ventral appendages bearing 2 long, dark apical spurs.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB7FD70FAC2FF60FA94.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.71 mm; wing length = 2.46 mm. Head: Ocelli three, from lateral ocellus to eye margin twice ocellus diameter. Flagellomeres cylindrical, length 1.5 Χ width. Three palpomeres seen, apical one slender, length ratio 1: 2: 3.5. Thorax: Antepronotum with 2 setae, proepisternum with 4. Scutum with setae curved forward, lateral setae very long. Wing: All longitudinal veins except Sc with short setae. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, one­half distance between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc meets R just before M 3 base. Length of R 1 2.2 Χ that of r­m. Length of M 3 2.7 Χ that of r­m. Ratios of lengths of sections RS 1, RS 2, and RS 3 1: 2.3: 7. RS 1 oblique, 0.58 Χ length of r­m. M 3, M 1, and M 2 weak, M 1 slightly curved forward. M 3 + 4 and CuA curved gently caudad. Legs: Fore and mid tibiae longer than femora. Mid tibia with anterolateral, posterolateral, and posteromedial rows of short bristles, hind tibia with two rows of posterior setae. Basal third of mid tibia with large, dark, narrow sensory pit. Tibial spurs 1.3 – 1.7 Χ tibial diameter. Abdomen. Ninth tergite large, conceals gonocoxites and gonostyli almost completely; caudal edge straight, without medial cleft. Ninth tergite straight caudally, without cleft, with numerous curved setae apically. Gonocoxites with triangular ventral appendages bearing 2 long, dark apical spurs. Gonostyli short, pointed, curved S­like.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB7FD70FAC2FF60FA94.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH NJ 824, male. USA: New Jersey, Sayreville; coll. S. Swolensky, 1997 – 1998 (mentioned in Grimaldi, 2000: fig. 48 h).	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB7FD70FAC2FF60FA94.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is patronymic for the late Steve Swolensky, who collected the specimen.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA6FFB7FD70FAC2FF60FA94.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The new species differs from other species of the genus in the structure of male genitalia, especially by ventral appendages of gonocoxites bearing dark sclerotized spurs.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB7FEA0FAC2FBCEFC34.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Facets round. Lateral ocelli not touching eye margins. Clypeus setose. Sc meets C just beyond level of base of M 3; Sc 2 absent. Length of R 1 2 Χ that of r­m. Section M 3, and fork of M 1 and M 2 – M 3 + 4 reduced; CuA weakened. M interrupted at base.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB7FEA0FAC2FBCEFC34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Izleiina mirifica, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB7FEA0FAC2FBCEFC34.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: Name is derived from the tribe Leiini.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB7FEA0FAC2FBCEFC34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: We assume that in the new ge­ nus vein M 1 is entirely reduced. As a rule, in most leiine genera, vein M 1 reaches the wing margin at or even before the wing apex. They have retained a complete vein that is homologous to CuA based on the length and shape of the vein, and which is strongly curved back and ends at the level of RS 1, as in most Leiini. The new genus differs from Neoclastobasis Ostroverchova by the lateral ocelli touching eye margins, and from Clastobasis Skuse and Neoclastobasis by C ending beyond the tip of R 5, and by the presence of the base of M 3 + 4. Having R 1 relatively long and Sc ending at C makes the genus similar to Rondaniella Johannsen and Indoleia Edwards, but differs from them by reduction of the veins in the medial sector. Such a reduction also occurs in other leiine genera, for example Novakia Strobl and Sigmoleia Tonnoir and Edwards, but they have Sc very short and free. Species of Cycloneura Marshall and Paracycloneura Tonnoir and Edwards also have M unbranched and M 3 + 4 free or reduced at the base, the anepisternum large, metepisternum narrow like Izleiina, but they differ strongly in the shape of CuA, by having M 2 long, Sc short and free, and by the presence of strong tibial bristles.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB5FCBFFBA2FE28FCE7.taxon	description	Figures 52 – 54, Plate 5 F	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB5FCBFFBA2FE28FCE7.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Apical palpomere short. Tibiae without bristles. Gonostyli conical, curved inward.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB5FCBFFBA2FE28FCE7.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.44 mm, wing length = 1.23 mm. Head: Ocelli three, distance from eye margin equal to two ocellus diameters; distance between each other equal to one diameter. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical, lengths about equal to widths, covered by setulae no longer than one­half flagellomere width. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, three basal segments bacilliform, apical one short and rounded. Occiput, frons, face, and clypeus with short setulae. Thorax: Prescutum and anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Antepronotum with 6 setae, proepisternum with two. Scutum arched. Scutellar setae in rows. Scutellum with two pairs of long setae. Cavity on anterior edge of katepisternum shallow. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Wing: Sc meets C just beyond level of base of M 3. C ends far beyond apex of R 5. R 1, R 5, and r­m with setae. R 1 length 2 Χ that of r­m. R 5 straight. Length of crossvein r­m 0.5 Χ length of section M 3. M 3 weak, can be seen only by absence of microtrichia on wing membrane. M and CuA fork base proximal to the base of r­m. M 3 + 4 interrupted at base, not reaching wing margin. Legs: Fore coxae with anterior setae, mid coxae with lateroapical ones. Tibiae without bristles. Genitalia: Gonocoxites massive, fused. Gonostyli hornlike and slightly curved, with long setae, colored lighter than gonocoxites.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB5FCBFFBA2FE28FCE7.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype PIN 3130 / 187, male. Russia: Taimyr Peninsula, Yantardakh, coll. 1970.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFA8FFB5FCBFFBA2FE28FCE7.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a Latin word mirificus meaning ‘‘ amazing’ ’ in reference to unusual combination of characters. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FF09FCF4FC3EFE07.taxon	description	Figures 55 – 57, Plate 6 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FF09FCF4FC3EFE07.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Tibiae with bristles. Gonostyli cylindrical, length 2.5 Χ the width, with 3 dark teeth at the apex	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FF09FCF4FC3EFE07.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.07 mm; wing length = 1.65 mm. Head: Ocelli three, almost in a straight line. Lateral ocelli distant by two diameters from medial ocellus and their own diameter from eye margin. Frontal furrow distinct. Eyes emarginate at antennal base, bare. Frons bare. Face setose. Scape and pedicel without strong setae, rounded, wider than flagellomeres. Eight flagellomeres seen, cylindrical in shape, lengths 1.5 Χ width. Clypeus rounded, setulose. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, basal segment rounded, antepenultimate and penultimate one bacilliform with lengths 3 – 4 Χ width; apical palpomere long. Thorax: Scutellum with 4 long setae. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Wing: Sc long, meets C at level of M 3 base. R 1 straight, 2 Χ length of r­m. R, R 1, R 5, and r­m with a dorsal row of setae. Crossvein r­m almost horizontal. R 5 curved caudally. C ends beyond tip of R 5. M 2 and M 3 + 4 weak. Base of CuA weak. CuA curved caudally, not sigmoid. Legs: Tibiae with bristles. Abdomen: Genitalia covered by long setae. Ninth tergite rectangular, length 2.3 Χ the width. Gonocoxites slightly swollen. Gonostyli almost straight, length 2.5 Χ width, with 3 dark teeth at the apex.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FF09FCF4FC3EFE07.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH NJ­ 346, male. USA: New Jersey, Sayreville, coll. Y. Goldman, 1995.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FF09FCF4FC3EFE07.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is derived from Latin spina, meaning ‘‘ spine’ ’, and tibia, meaning ‘‘ leg’ ’.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FCFEFE5FFB03FCD0.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Close to Izleiina n. gen., but differs in having palpi long, Sc free, M 1 reduced at base, M 2 absent, and base of posterior fork proximally with r­m touching the base of M 3 + 4. Setulae on flagellomeres arranged in rings.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FCFEFE5FFB03FCD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Zeliinia orientalis, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB5FCFEFE5FFB03FCD0.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is an anagram for Izleiina. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB3FCB4FC8EFE62FE24.taxon	description	Figures 58 – 61, Plate 6 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB3FCB4FC8EFE62FE24.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Genitalia longer than wide; gonostyli bilobate. Tergite 9 obovate, with numerous setae at apex.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB3FCB4FC8EFE62FE24.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Male. Body length = 1.25 mm; wing length = 1.07 mm. Head: Ocelli three, close to each other. Eyes strongly incised, forming incomplete bridge. Pedicel slightly wider than scape and flagellum; 14 cylindrical flagellomeres with length 2 Χ width. Three palpomeres seen, sticklike, length ratio 1: 1.3: 2. Thorax: Scutum with long lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal setae. Katepisternum larger than anepisternum, proepimeron touches katpisternum at small excavation. Antepronotum and proepimeron setose. Laterotergites and mediotergite bare. Wing: Costa slightly produced beyond apex of R 5. Sc free, ends at the middle of r­m. R 1 and R 5 with long dorsal and ventral setae. Crossvein r­m forming one vein with tb and M 2 section, equal to 1.5 Χ length of R 1. Length of R 5 2.8 Χ R 1. Base of M 3 faint. M 1 ends at wing apex, base curved posteriorly. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork contact r­m. Legs: Tibial setulae irregular. Tibia II with apical comb of setae. Tibial spurs 1 – 1.5 Χ tibial diameter, spur formula 1: 1: 1. Abdomen setose, 7 th and 8 th segments short, narrow, retractable. Genital complex large, length equal to 4 th – 8 th segments combined. Ninth tergite fiddle­shaped, with two apical combs of dark setae. Gonocoxites rectangular in lateral view. Gonostyli bilobate.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB3FCB4FC8EFE62FE24.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 315, male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAAFFB3FCB4FC8EFE62FE24.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a Latin word orientalis, meaning ‘‘ eastern’ ’, referring to origin of the amber.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FCF6FD68FCB7FAC3.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Wing membrane with macrotrichia; Sc long, meets C before base of M 3 section; C ends at tip of R 5; M 3 section 3 Χ length of r­m; M 3 + 4 not interrupted at the base; tibial setulae irregular; tibial bristles absent; abdominal segment 6 not reduced; 7 th and 8 th segments telescopic.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FCF6FD68FCB7FAC3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Temaleia birmitica, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FCF6FD68FCB7FAC3.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a feminine anagram of Metaleia.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FCF6FD68FCB7FAC3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The genera Clastobasis Skuse, 1896, Neoclastobasis Ostroverchova, 1970, and Metaleia Baxter, 1994 have M 3 + 4 interrupted at the base and / or CuA sinuous. The genus Sticholeia Söli, 1996, besides having extremely long cerci and other details of the male terminalia, differs by having a short M 3 section.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FF05FDB2FB0FFD69.taxon	description	Figures 62, 63, Plate 6 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FF05FDB2FB0FFD69.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Clypeus with long setae; mediotergite and laterotergites bare, wing membrane without macrotrichia, Sc short, ends free, R 1 short, 1.5 Χ longer than r­m, ends proximally at tip of CuA. Genital complex wider than long; gonostyli unilobate.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FF05FDB2FB0FFD69.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 1.79 mm; wing length = 1.22 mm. Head: Eyes bare, forming dorsal bridge, possibly incomplete (vertex and occiput not fully seen due to deformation). Scape and pedicel short, round­ ed. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres equal in length, apical flagellomeres more narrow than basal ones, with length about twice the length of pedicel, covered with short microtrichia. First flagellomere length 1.6 Χ width, preapical is 2.5 Χ width. Clypeus setose. Three visible palpal segments, two basal ones about equal in length; apical palpomere long and slender, about twice the length of the penultimate. Thorax: Antepronotum with two setae, proepisternum with one. Scutum with long lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal setae. Scutellum with 4 pairs of long setae. Katepisternum larger than anepisternum. Metepisternum small, quadrate, bare. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. R, R 1, and R 5 setulose. Sc short, ends free. R 1 1.5 length of r­m, R 5 more than 4.5 Χ length of r­m. Crossveins r­m, tb, and m­cu fused into one oblique vein, with distinct kink at the base of the stem of M 1 + 2 (M 3 section). Stem of M 1 + 2 and base of M weak. M apparently without fork. M 3 + 4 and CuA curved gently caudad. Legs: Femora with ventral row of long setae. Coxae relatively short, fore coxa as long as mid and hind ones. Mid and hind tibiae with short bristles. Tibial spurs 1.2 – 1.5 Χ tibial diameter. Tarsal claws with very small tooth. Abdomen densely setose, with long setae. Genitalia rectangular, width 1.6 Χ length. Gonocoxites stout, gonostyli simple, pointed, with inner surface slightly curved apically.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FF05FDB2FB0FFD69.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype MCZC 6943, male. Canada: Manitoba, Cedar Lake, coll. F. M. Carpenter.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FF05FDB2FB0FFD69.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is Latin meaning ‘‘ western’ ’, referring to origin of the amber	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB3FF05FDB2FB0FFD69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Z. occidentalis differs from the type species in the structure of genitalia, and although it possesses the same arrangement of flagellar setulae and venation pattern, both species may not be congeneric.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB1FD4EFA93FD8DFB47.taxon	description	Figure 64, Plate 6 D	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB1FD4EFA93FD8DFB47.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for the genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB1FD4EFA93FD8DFB47.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.17 mm (holotype) / 2.03 – 2.38 mm (paratype); wing length = 1.96 mm (holotype) / 1.50 – 2.07 mm (paratype). Head: Pedicel rounded, length about equal to width. Flagellum 14 ­ segment­ ed; flagellomere length about twice the width. Eyes large, densely setose. Occiput covered with numerous short setae. Clypeus setose. Palpi 3 ­ segmented, very short, palpomeres with length about equal to width. Labella longer than palpi. Thorax: Scutum irregularly covered with short setae and with long lateral, dorsocentral, and acrostichal setae. Scutellum with three pairs of long bristles. Laterotergites and mediotergite with several protruding bristles. Wing membrane with microtrichia and macrotrichia, located mostly in distal half of wing. Costa ends at tip of R 5, not reaching wing apex. Sc long, meets C before base of M 3. Sc 2 apical. R 1 very short, 1.5 Χ length of r­m. M 3 section 3 Χ length of r­m. M 1 meets wing edge at wing apex. M 1 and M 2 fork 2.5 Χ as long as M 3 section. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at level of M 3 base. M 3 + 4 and CuA curved gently caudad. Legs: Fore coxae with anterior and anterolateral setae. Mid coxa with lateroapical setae, hind one with posteroapical setae. Tibial spurs short, no longer than maximum tibial diameter. Tibial and tarsal bristles absent. Tibial setulae irregular. Abdomen pubescent, with 7 visible segments, 8 th small and retracted. Ninth tergite large, oval. Female: Cerci one­segmented, bacilliform, setose. Male: Gonocoxites and gonostyli long, slender, bacilliform. Gonostyli slightly curved inside at apex, saberlike.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB1FD4EFA93FD8DFB47.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 483 a, female; paratypes AMNH Bu­ 060, male, Bu­ 054, male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFACFFB1FD4EFA93FD8DFB47.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a reference to Burma, the former name of the country where the amber originates.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB1FF5FFB14FC6DFE8B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Palpi reduced, laterotergites setose; wing membrane with macrotrichia; Sc free, Sc 2 absent; M 3 + 4 interrupted at base, M 3 + 4 and CuA curved gently caudad, 9 th tergite small or fused with synsclerite; gonocoxites widely separated.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB1FF5FFB14FC6DFE8B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Lecadonileia parvistyla, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB1FF5FFB14FC6DFE8B.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a feminine anagram of the Caledonileia Matile, 1993.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB1FF5FFB14FC6DFE8B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The genus is close to the genus Caledonileia, from which it differs in number and position of ocelli, number of palpomeres, setation of scutum, and in having Sc long, the radial cell wide, M 3 long, and gonostyli unilobate (Matile, 1993). The ge­ nus differs from Megophthalmidia Dziedzicki in having M 3 + 4 interrupted at the base and the fork of M 1 and M 2 not shifted anteriorly, so that M 1 reaches the wing margin beyond the wing apex.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB0FD54FEC5FE87FE4C.taxon	description	Figures 65 – 68, Plate 6 E	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB0FD54FEC5FE87FE4C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB0FD54FEC5FE87FE4C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.24 mm, wing length = 2.05 mm. Head: Vertex setose. Ocelli three, lateral one twice its diameter from eye margin. Frons bare, face with tiny trichia. Scape small, roundish. Pedicel rounded, with dorsal setae, wider than flagellomeres. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, cylindrical, flagellomere length equal to width. Palpi 4 ­ segmented. Basal palpomere very short, apical three subequal, lengths 2.5 – 3 Χ their width. Clypeus setose. Thorax: Scutum irregularly setose. Antepronotum with 4 setae, proepisternum with 5. Ventral process of proepimeron just opposite anapleural suture. Anepisternum with distinct oblique cleft. Anepimeron very narrow ventrally. Laterotergites setose. Mediotergite bare. Wing membrane with macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, at one­fourth length between tips of R 5 and M 1. R 1 and R 5 with two rows of setae; R stem, r­m, M 1, M 2, M 3 + 4, and CuA with one row. Sc ends free at the level of the base of M 3 section. R 1 equal to M 3 section and 2.5 Χ length of r­m. Fork of M 1 and M 2 1.8 Χ length of M 3. M 3 + 4 base absent, vein begins at level of RS base. Legs: Fore coxae with numerous setae on anterior and lateral surfaces. Mid coxae with setae on apical half. Hind coxae with posterolateral row of setae. Tibial bristles short. Fore tibiae with 3 apical bristles; mid one with 2 anterior and 6 apical bristles; hind tibia with 4 – 6 bristles in anterior, anteroventral, and anterodorsal rows and several apical bristles. Anteroapical depression on fore tibiae well developed, with single row of short setae. Tarsal claws without teeth. Abdomen setose. Eighth and 9 th segments very short and retracted. Gonocoxites semicylindrical, widely separated at base. Gonostyli small, with one apical appendage turned medially.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB0FD54FEC5FE87FE4C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype MCZC 6941, male. Canada: Manitoba, Cedar Lake, coll. F. M. Carpenter.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAEFFB0FD54FEC5FE87FE4C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a combination of the Latin word parvus, meaning ‘‘ small’ ’, and stylus, meaning ‘‘ spike, stem, pen’ ’, in reference to simple small gonostyli of the species.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF46FE12FE8CFB55.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Ocelli absent; anepisternum with very short setae and trichia; mediotergite and laterotergites bare; wing membrane with micro­ and macrotrichia; Sc ends at C; r­m 2 Χ length of R 1, M 3 base at basal onesixth of wing, M 3 weak, M 2 absent.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF46FE12FE8CFB55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Disparoleia cristata, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF46FE12FE8CFB55.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a combination of the Latin word dispar, meaning ‘‘ unequal, unlike’ ’, and the genus Leia, in reference to the distinctiveness of the new genus. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF46FE12FE8CFB55.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The genus differs from all Recent Leiini in the unique combination of such characters as absence of ocelli, very long rm with the proximal position of the base of M 3, and reduction of veins in the medial sector. It differs from Novakia Ströbl in having the base of RS distinct, M 2 absent, and Sc ending at C. It differs from Zeliinia, n. gen. in having flagellomeres of smooth texture, ocelli absent, vein M 1 and M 3 section present though weak, and fork of M 3 + 4 and CuA long but not sessile.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF08FB0CFB6DFB64.taxon	description	Figures 69, Plate 7 A	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF08FB0CFB6DFB64.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF08FB0CFB6DFB64.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Female. Body length = 2.73 mm, wing length = 2.08 mm. Head: Vertex with group of long erect setae. Scape and pedicel wider than flagellum. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellate, flagellomeres longer and narrower apicad. Eyes setose, slightly emarginate at antennal base. Ocelli absent. Clypeus setose. Palpi 3 ­ segmented, 1 st palpomere short, 2 nd longer, cut obliquely, 3 rd longer than length of 1 st and 2 nd, narrow. Thorax: Scutum with lateral and dorsocentral rows of long setae and short irregular setae. Scutellum with numerous short setae. Antepronotum with long curved setae and several short ones. Anepisternum with 4 light short setae in upper part and very fine hairs at lower apical part. Proepimeron touches katepisternum slightly ventral to anepisternal suture. Mediotergite and laterotergites bare. Metepisternum large, with dorsal margin wider than ventral one. Wing membrane with microtrichia and short macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, at one­third length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Humeral vein located beyond the MA. Sc short, ends at C before level of M 3 base, apex faint. R 1 very short, r­m 3 Χ length of R 5. Median veins weak. M 1, base of M 1 and M 3 very weak. Base of M 3 very proximal, slightly distal to apex of Sc. Crossvein r­m 3 Χ length of M 2 section, M 3 section 3.5 Χ that of M 2. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork slightly distal to level of base of M 3 section. R, R 1, R 5, M 3 + 4, and CuA with setae dorsally and ventrally. Leg: Tibial spur formula 1: 2: 2. Spurs long, 4 – 5 Χ tibia diameter. Mid and hind tibiae with bristles. Empodium absent; tarsal claws with one tooth. Abdomen: Tergites of abdomen setose. Seventh tergite 1.5 Χ shorter than 6 th, 8 th is very short. Cerci 2 ­ segment­ ed, slightly shorter than 6 th and 7 th segments together. Apical segment round, basal one bacilliform, 2.5 Χ apical.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF08FB0CFB6DFB64.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH B­ 0125, female. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFB0FF08FB0CFB6DFB64.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is Latin word cristatus, meaning ‘‘ tufted, plumed’ ’, in reference to the group of setae on the vertex.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFADFCF7FB72FF7DFEF4.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Three ocelli in straight line, middle one small, lateral ones not touching eye margin; wing membrane without macrotrichia; Sc short, ends at R; R 1 short, no more than 2 Χ length of r­m; r­m short, oblique; M 3 short; tibial setae in rows, mid and hind tibiae with inner spurs longer than outer one.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFADFCF7FB72FF7DFEF4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Hemolia matilei, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFADFCF7FB72FF7DFEF4.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a feminine anagram of Mohelia Matile, 1978.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFAFFFADFCF7FB72FF7DFEF4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The genus is close to Mohelia in the structure of the ocelli, and wing venation, and it differs in tibial spur length and details of male genitalia structure. It differs from Mohelia in having setae on the mediotergite, tibial setae in rows, mid and hind tibiae with inner spurs longer rather than the outer ones, and C ending close to the tip of R 5; Sc is longer, R 1 longer than r­m; and M 3 is short.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFADFF7EFEEAFCBBFDC4.taxon	description	Figures 70, 71, Plate 7 B	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFADFF7EFEEAFCBBFDC4.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Scutum densely setose; laterotergites setose; Sc rather long, ends at the level of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork base.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFADFF7EFEEAFCBBFDC4.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.19 mm (holotype) / 2.39 mm (paratype); wing length 1.49 mm (holotype) / 2.21 mm (paratype). Head: Eyes setose. Occiput and frons densely setose. Three ocelli in straight line, middle one small; lateral one separated from eye margin by its own diameter. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, flagellomeres cylindrical; length of flagellomeres about equal to their width. Clypeus setose. Palpi 4 ­ segmented, basal segment small, penultimate and apical ones situated preapically, antepenultimate with round sensory pit on inner surface. Thorax: Scutum with long setae not arranged in distinct rows. Laterotergites with long setae. Scutellum protruding, with 6 pairs of long setae. Antepronotun and proepisternum with long setae. Wing rather wide, membrane without macrotrichia. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5 at one­fifth length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc ends in R at the level of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork base. R, R 1, and R 5 with setae dorsally. R 1 length 1.8 Χ length of r­m. Crossvein r­m about the length of M 3, with constriction in the middle. Length of M 1 and M 2 fork 5.3 Χ length of M 3. Legs: Tibial setae in rows. Tibial spur formula 1: 2: 2; mid and hind tibial spurs differ in length: inner spur 1.7 Χ outer one. Fore leg basitarsomere shorter than tibia. Abdomen setose, with 6 visible segments, 7 th and 8 th ones small and retractable. Gonocoxites divided by complete suture ventrally. Male: Gonostyli large, triangular, flat, with inner, bilobed appendage. Aedeagus bilobate. Female: Eighth sternites triangular; 10 th sternite with 4 dark, thick, wavy, blunt setae. Cerci 2 ­ segmented, round­ ed, flat; apical segment 0.24 Χ basal one, semicircular.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFADFF7EFEEAFCBBFDC4.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH B­ 0132, male; paratype AMNH B­ 0133 a, female. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFADFF7EFEEAFCBBFDC4.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is a patronym in honor of the late Professor Loïc Matile, a world authority on Sciaroidea, who was also very generous and helpful to both authors.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFACFCA0FD92FD9BFE89.taxon	description	Figure 72, Plate 7 C	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFACFCA0FD92FD9BFE89.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Laterotergites bare; scutum almost bare, dark and shining, Sc meets R well before the level of base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFACFCA0FD92FD9BFE89.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 3.16 mm; wing length = 2.05 mm. Head: Occiput with short setae. Three ocelli in line, of the same size, distant from each other and from eye margin by two ocellus diameters. Eyes large, setose. Pedicel with round sensory organ. Flagellum 14 ­ segmented, apical segment conical, secondarily divided. Thorax: Scutum almost bare; dark, shiny. Anterior parapsidal suture distinct. Scutellum and laterotergites bare. Mediotergite with a few fine setae anteroventrally. Mid and hind tibiae with inner spurs 1.5 Χ longer than outer ones. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Humeral vein at the level of MA. Costa ends beyond tip of R 5, at one­third the length between tips of R 5 and M 1. Sc short, ends at R. R 1 1.3 Χ the length of r­m. Length of M 3 about equal to length of r­m. Length of M 1 and M 2 fork 4.3 Χ the length of M 3. Base of M and CuA fork between tip of Sc and M 3 base. Legs: Coxae without setae. Hind tibiae with posterior bristles. Abdomen with scattered setae. Cerci 2 ­ segmented, apical segment conical, basal one cylindrical, 3 Χ length of apical one. Gonocoxites 8 long, narrow, slightly curved, with long setae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFACFCA0FD92FD9BFE89.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH B­ 0112, fe­ male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB2FFACFCA0FD92FD9BFE89.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is Latin for ‘‘ hairless, smooth’ ’, in reference to the absence of thoracic setae and setulae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF52FEC8FDFBFB2D.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Small, dark gnats with antennae shorter than thorax, flagellomeres shorter than wide. Mesonotum densely covered with short trichia, with or without a few setae laterally. Sc short, free. Costa is not produced beyond the tip of R 5, which is long, curved, and almost reaching the tip of M 1. Fork of M 1 and M 2 shifted anteriorly, M 1 ends before wing apex. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork at the level of base of M 3, in basal one­sixth of wing. M 3 length about equal to that of M 1 and M 2 fork.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF52FEC8FDFBFB2D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Protragoneura platycera, n. sp.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF52FEC8FDFBFB2D.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The genus name is a combination of the prefix pro­ (Greek πρo­, beforehand) and Tetragoneura. The name is feminine.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF52FEC8FDFBFB2D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest to Tetragoneura Winnertz, 1846, about 100 extant species of which are known from the Holarctic (17 spp.), Neotropical (ca. 60 spp.), and Australasian (23 spp.) regions. The new genus differs in having C not extended beyond the tip of R 5, RS 2 section (small radial cell) long, and base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork very basal; M 1 and M 2 fork shifted anteriorly. Setation of mesonotum is also distinctive and separates the new genus from Tetragoneura.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF2AFAB4FC2AFB3C.taxon	description	Figures 73 – 75, Plate 7 D	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF2AFAB4FC2AFB3C.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF2AFAB4FC2AFB3C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: Body length = 2.49 mm (holotype) / 2.39 mm (paratype); wing length = 1.63 mm (holotype) / 1.93 mm (paratype). Head ovate, with row of long erect setae behind eye margin. Scape and pedicel subconical, with numerous apical setae, both black. Flagellum compressed laterally, flagellomeres transverse, widths 1.5 – 2.5 Χ length, densely covered with short trichia. Clypeus setose. Three palpomeres seen; antepenultimate one swollen, obovate, length 2 Χ width. Penultimate one attached to antepenultimate palpomere preapically; length 4 Χ width, knoblike. Apical palpomere long and narrow. Length ratio 1: 1.7: 2.5. Thorax: Scutum densely covered with short erect trichia, bearing some setae laterally. Antepronotum and proepisternum with long strong setae. Anepisternum with deep cleft. Katepisternum without distinct excavation on anterior margin. Laterotergites, mediotergite bare. Metepisternum with few short trichia ventrally. Wing membrane with macrotrichia in distal and posterior part. Sc extremely short, free. All longitudinal veins except R base with setae. M 3 reduced, can be traced by setae only. M 1 base reduced. Base of M 3 + 4 and CuA fork weakened. Small radial cell length 7 Χ width. Halters dark, with few short setae. Legs: Coxae and femora dark, densely setose, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Hind tibiae with numerous posterior bristles. Tibial spurs 4 Χ tibial diameter. Abdomen with 6 visible segments, 7 th and 8 th very short, retracted. Tergite 9 oval, short, covering the base of gonocoxites. Gonocoxites fused at base, massive, narrowing to apex in distal half. Gonostyli with long ventral lobe bearing a comb of short, knoblike setae; a somewhat shorter, dorsal, bare lobe and internal wide lobe with a row of curved bristles.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF2AFAB4FC2AFB3C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH Bu­ 135, male; paratype AMNH Bu­ 1076, male. Myanmar: Katchin, from amber mines near Myitkyina.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
039A87C9FFB3FFACFF2AFAB4FC2AFB3C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is derived from platy (Greek πλα´ τυs, broad) and cerus (Greek κéραs, horn), in reference to the compressed antennae.	en	BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, GRIMALDI, DAVID (2004): Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:FSDICA>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2004)433%3C0001%3AFSDICA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
