taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	description	Figures 2 – 4, table 1	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH _ IZC 331456; Locality: Ireland, Whittard Canyon, 48 ° 29.238 ′ N, 10 ° 23.802 ′ W, collected 17 June 2014, by R / V Celtic Explorer, CE 14009, event 31, gear ROV (1774 m). Material examined for comparison: Isoscolanthus janainae Brandão, Gusmão, Gomes, 2019, MZUSP 2729 (10 specimens; paratypes); Locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 21 ° 31 ′ S, 40 ° 08 ′ W, collected 31 May 1987, by TAAF, Sta. 56, CB 96 (295 – 300 m). Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (Carlgren, 1931) AMNH 3614 (one specimen); Locality: Guam, NW Pacific, det. ca. 2001 by M. Daly. AMNH 3614 A (two slides); Locality: Guam, NW Pacific, det. ca. 2001 M. Daly. Edwardsia tuberculata AMNH 3616 A (two slides); Locality: Bergen, Norway, det. ca. 2001 by M. Daly.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Scolanthus with large, single nemathybomes that protrude into epidermis. Basitrichs of nemathybomes 40.0 – 52.2 × 3.0 – 4.2 µm. Thin, tightly adherent periderm. Retractor and parietal muscles well developed and of similar size. Retractor circumscribed, with easily recognizable pennon; parietal muscle large, trianguloid, relatively broad. EXTERNAL ANATOMY (fig. 2): Specimen elongate, wider proximally than distally, 2.3 – 5.1 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height. Column dark beige with eight mesenterial insertion visible in live specimens; preserved specimen yellow with mesenterial insertion visible. Proximal end rounded, not externally differentiated from rest of column (fig. 2 A – C); body divided in aboral end, scapus, scapulus, and capitulum (fig. 2 A, B, D). Periderm thin, tightly adherent, not deciduous, covering column and nemathybomes from distal scapus to proximal end (fig. 2 A – C). Nemathybomes single, conspicuous, irregularly scattered on entire body (fig. 2 B, E), but forming eight rows more visible in distal column perhaps due to contraction (fig. 2 D). Sixteen small tentacles, arranged in two cycles, presumably all of same size (fig. 2 F); tentacle length to 1.5 mm; light orange in live specimen, white in preserved state.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	description	INTERNAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY (fig. 3): Epidermis of entire body covered by thin periderm and nemathybomes (fig. 3 A). Nemathybomes simple, large, to 213.6 × 181.0 µm, into mesoglea, but always protruding into epidermis (fig. 3 B, C); basitrichs visible on top of nemathybome (fig. 3 C). Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles ectodermal. Physa without terminal pore. Actinopharynx short, occupying less than one-third of column length, highly folded. No differentiated siphonoglyph. Mesenterial arrangement as typical for edwardsiids: eight macrocnemes span length of body, from distal column to midcolumn (fig. 3 D, E); eight microcnemes only in distalmost column, at bases of tentacles (not shown). Retractor and parietal muscles both well developed, strong (fig. 3 E, F). Retractor muscle of macrocnemes strong, circumscribed, with easily recognizable pennon (fig. 3 F). Retractor with relatively numerous processes (12 – 16), tightly spaced, variable in height and degree of ramification, more branched at extremities, including large pennon (fig. 3 F). Parietal muscle large, trianguloid, relatively broad, with longer, branched lamellae closer to body wall; central lamella same thickness as side branches (fig. 3 F). Specimen with oocytes, length 69.6 – 85.4 µm (fig. 3 E); species inferred gonochoric. CNIDOM (fig. 4): Spirocysts, basitrichs, p - mastigophores A. See figure 4 and table 1 for size and distribution.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND NATURAL HISTORY: Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., is known only from its type locality in the Whittard Canyon approximately 400 km off the coast of Ireland in the Celtic Sea, North Atlantic, at 1774 m depth.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The specific name “ shrimp ” honors the Science Research Mentoring Program (SRMP) at the AMNH and their high school students known informally as srmpers. The SRMP supported C. Q., S. L. B., and L. C. G. The species epithet is a noun in apposition.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	discussion	REMARKS: Though the description of Scolanthus shrimp is based on a single specimen, the specimen was well preserved and all external and internal characters were easily described.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	description	Figures 5 – 7, table 1	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH _ IZC 331453; Locality: Ireland, Whittard Canyon, 48 ° 42.534 ′ N, 10 ° 33.642 ′ W, collected 11 June 2014, by R / V Celtic Explorer, CE 14009, event 9, gear ROV (1130 m). Paratypes AMNH _ IZC 331454 (2 specimens), sampled at the same site of the holotype. Additional material. AMNH _ IZC 331455 (1 specimen), sampled at the same site of the holotype. Material examined for comparison: Scolanthus crypticus Brandão, Gusmão, Gomes, 2019, MNRJ 8685 (8 specimens; paratypes); Locality: Brazil, São Paulo, offshore Ubatuba, 23 ° 34 ′ S, 44 ° 48 ′ W, collected 22 October 1986 (40 m).	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Scolanthus with nemathybomes single or clustered, largely sunken into mesoglea protruding only a little in epidermis. Periderm very thick, rusty brown, deciduous. Basitrichs of nemathybomes 42.0 – 58.4 × 3.8 – 5.6 µm. Retractor strong, elongated, diffuse-circumscribed, with numerous processes (23 – 33) and easily recognizable pennon. Parietal muscle small, ovoid, and much smaller than retractor muscle. With p - mastigophores A in filament. EXTERNAL ANATOMY (fig. 5): All specimens elongate but stout, robust, wider proximally than distally, 5 – 10 mm in diameter, and 14 – 24 mm in height. Proximal end rounded, externally differentiated from rest of column but not true physa (fig. 5 A, B); body divided in aboral end, scapus, scapulus, and capitulum. All preserved specimens with distal column and oral disc retracted, including part of scapus, scapulus, and capitulum; tentacles not visible (fig. 5 A). Periderm thick, rusty brown, tightly adherent, deciduous, covering column and nemathybomes from distal scapus to proximal end (fig. 5 A, B). Nemathybomes conspicuous, irregularly scattered on body (fig. 5 B, C), single or compound, more aggregated on proximal end (fig. 5 B) due to contraction of body. Sixteen small tentacles, arranged in two cycles, presumably all of same size; tentacle length to 3 mm.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	description	INTERNAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY (fig. 6): Epidermis of entire body covered by thick periderm and nemathybomes (fig. 6 A, E). Nemathybomes large, to 247.0 × 146.6 µm, simple or compound, sunken into mesoglea, but protruding into epidermis (fig. 6 B, C). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal (fig. 6 D). Physa not histologically differentiated from scapus; without terminal pore. Actinopharynx short, up to 1.5 mm, occupying less than one-third of body length, highly folded. No differentiated siphonoglyph. Mesenterial arrangement as typical for edwardsiids: eight macrocnemes span length of body, from distal column (fig. 6 E) to midcolumn (fig. 6 F, G); eight microcnemes only in distalmost column, at bases of tentacles (not shown). Retractor and parietal muscles both well developed, strong (fig. 6 F, H). Retractor muscle of macrocnemes strong, circumscribed to somewhat diffuse, with easily recognizable pennon (fig. 6 H). Retractor with numerous processes (23 – 33), tightly spaced, variable in height and degree of ramification, more branched at the pennon (fig. 6 H). Parietal muscle small, weak, trianguloid, with longer, branched lamellae closer to body wall; central lamella thicker than side branches (fig. 6 I). Specimens examined (holotype and paratype AMNH _ IZC 331454) with spermatic cysts (fig. 6 J), length 45.2 – 114.3 µm; species inferred to be gonochoric. CNIDOM (fig. 7): Spirocysts, basitrichs, p - mastigophores A. See figure 7 and table 1 for size and distribution.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND NATURAL HISTORY: The four specimens were collected in a single collection site in the Whittard Canyon approximately 450 Km from the SW coast of Ireland, North Atlantic, at 1130 m depth. Scolanthus celticus was collected less than 30 km from the type locality of S. shrimp, suggesting a pattern of sympatry common among edwardsiids (Daly and Ljubenkov, 2008).	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The specific name celticus honors the Celtic Explorer, a multipurpose research vessel operated by the Marine Institute in Galway, Ireland, which collected specimens of the new species.	en	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
