identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.text	03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolanthus shrimp Gusmão & Qu & Burke & Rodríguez 2020	<div><p>Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 2–4, table 1</p> <p>MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH _ IZC 331456; Locality: Ireland, Whittard Canyon, 48°29.238′ N, 10°23.802′ W, collected 17 June 2014, by R / V <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.3967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.4873" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.3967/lat 48.4873)">Celtic Explorer</a>, CE14009, event 31, gear ROV (1774 m). Material examined for comparison: Isoscolanthus janainae Brandão, Gusmão, Gomes, 2019, MZUSP 2729 (10 specimens; paratypes); Locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 21°31′ S, 40°08′ W, collected 31 May 1987, by TAAF, Sta. 56, CB 96 (295–300 m). Edwardsianthus gilbertensis (Carlgren, 1931) AMNH 3614 (one specimen); Locality: Guam, NW Pacific, det. ca. 2001 by M. Daly. AMNH 3614A (two slides); Locality: Guam, NW Pacific, det. ca. 2001 M. Daly. Edwardsia tuberculata AMNH 3616A (two slides); Locality: Bergen, Norway, det. ca. 2001 by M. Daly.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Scolanthus with large, single nemathybomes that protrude into epidermis. Basitrichs of nemathybomes 40.0–52.2 × 3.0– 4.2 µm. Thin, tightly adherent periderm. Retractor and parietal muscles well developed and of similar size. Retractor circumscribed, with easily recognizable pennon; parietal muscle large, trianguloid, relatively broad.</p> <p>EXTERNAL ANATOMY (fig. 2): Specimen elongate, wider proximally than distally, 2.3–5.1 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height. Column dark beige with eight mesenterial insertion visible in live specimens; preserved specimen yellow with mesenterial insertion visible. Proximal end rounded, not externally differentiated from rest of column (fig. 2A–C); body divided in aboral end, scapus, scapulus, and capitulum (fig. 2A, B, D). Periderm thin, tightly adherent, not deciduous, covering column and nemathybomes from distal scapus to proximal end (fig. 2A–C). Nemathybomes single, conspicuous, irregularly scattered on entire body (fig. 2B, E), but forming eight rows more visible in distal column perhaps due to contraction (fig. 2D). Sixteen small tentacles, arranged in two cycles, presumably all of same size (fig. 2F); tentacle length to 1.5 mm; light orange in live specimen, white in preserved state.</p> <p>INTERNAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY (fig. 3): Epidermis of entire body covered by thin periderm and nemathybomes (fig. 3A). Nemathybomes simple, large, to 213.6 × 181.0 µm, into mesoglea, but always protruding into epidermis (fig. 3B, C); basitrichs visible on top of nemathybome (fig. 3C). Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles ectodermal. Physa without terminal pore. Actinopharynx short, occupying less than one-third of column length, highly folded. No differentiated siphonoglyph.</p> <p>Mesenterial arrangement as typical for edwardsiids: eight macrocnemes span length of body, from distal column to midcolumn (fig. 3D, E); eight microcnemes only in distalmost column, at bases of tentacles (not shown). Retractor and parietal muscles both well developed, strong (fig. 3E, F). Retractor muscle of macrocnemes strong, circumscribed, with easily recognizable pennon (fig. 3F). Retractor with relatively numerous processes (12–16), tightly spaced, variable in height and degree of ramification, more branched at extremities, including large pennon (fig. 3F). Parietal muscle large, trianguloid, relatively broad, with longer, branched lamellae closer to body wall; central lamella same thickness as side branches (fig. 3F). Specimen with oocytes, length 69.6–85.4 µm (fig. 3E); species inferred gonochoric.</p> <p>CNIDOM (fig. 4): Spirocysts, basitrichs, p -mastigophores A. See figure 4 and table 1 for size and distribution.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND NATURAL HISTORY: Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., is known only from its type locality in the Whittard Canyon approximately 400 km off the coast of Ireland in the Celtic Sea, North Atlantic, at 1774 m depth.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The specific name “shrimp” honors the Science Research Mentoring Program (SRMP) at the AMNH and their high school students known informally as srmpers. The SRMP supported C.Q., S.L.B., and L.C.G. The species epithet is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>REMARKS: Though the description of Scolanthus shrimp is based on a single specimen, the specimen was well preserved and all external and internal characters were easily described.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6FD1DFFB10B3BFE29FBE62ABFFE41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gusmão, Luciana C.;Qu, Cherie;Burke, Sadie L.;Rodríguez, Estefanía	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.text	03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolanthus celticus Gusmão & Qu & Burke & Rodríguez 2020	<div><p>Scolanthus celticus, sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 5–7, table 1</p> <p>MATERIAL: Holotype AMNH _ IZC 331453; Locality: Ireland, Whittard Canyon, 48°42.534′ N, 10°33.642′ W, collected 11 June 2014, by R / V Celtic Explorer, CE 14009, event 9, gear ROV (1130 m). Paratypes AMNH _ IZC 331454 (2 specimens), sampled at the same site of the holotype. Additional material. AMNH _ IZC 331455 (1 specimen), sampled at the same site of the holotype. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.8/lat -23.566668)">Material</a> examined for comparison: Scolanthus crypticus Brandão, Gusmão, Gomes, 2019, MNRJ 8685 (8 specimens; paratypes); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.8/lat -23.566668)">Locality</a>: Brazil, São Paulo, offshore <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.8/lat -23.566668)">Ubatuba</a>, 23°34′ S, 44°48′ W, collected 22 October 1986 (40 m).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Scolanthus with nemathybomes single or clustered, largely sunken into mesoglea protruding only a little in epidermis. Periderm very thick, rusty brown, deciduous. Basitrichs of nemathybomes 42.0–58.4 × 3.8–5.6 µm. Retractor strong, elongated, diffuse-circumscribed, with numerous processes (23–33) and easily recognizable pennon. Parietal muscle small, ovoid, and much smaller than retractor muscle. With p -mastigophores A in filament.</p> <p>EXTERNAL ANATOMY (fig. 5): All specimens elongate but stout, robust, wider proximally than distally, 5–10 mm in diameter, and 14–24 mm in height. Proximal end rounded, externally differentiated from rest of column but not true physa (fig. 5A, B); body divided in aboral end, scapus, scapulus, and capitulum. All preserved specimens with distal column and oral disc retracted, including part of scapus, scapulus, and capitulum; tentacles not visible (fig. 5A). Periderm thick, rusty brown, tightly adherent, deciduous, covering column and nemathybomes from distal scapus to proximal end (fig. 5A, B). Nemathybomes conspicuous, irregularly scattered on body (fig. 5B, C), single or compound, more aggregated on proximal end (fig. 5B) due to contraction of body. Sixteen small tentacles, arranged in two cycles, presumably all of same size; tentacle length to 3 mm.</p> <p>INTERNAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY (fig. 6): Epidermis of entire body covered by thick periderm and nemathybomes (fig. 6A, E). Nemathybomes large, to 247.0 × 146.6 µm, simple or compound, sunken into mesoglea, but protruding into epidermis (fig. 6B, C). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal (fig. 6D). Physa not histologically differentiated from scapus; without terminal pore. Actinopharynx short, up to 1.5 mm, occupying less than one-third of body length, highly folded. No differentiated siphonoglyph.</p> <p>Mesenterial arrangement as typical for edwardsiids: eight macrocnemes span length of body, from distal column (fig. 6E) to midcolumn (fig. 6F, G); eight microcnemes only in distalmost column, at bases of tentacles (not shown). Retractor and parietal muscles both well developed, strong (fig. 6F, H). Retractor muscle of macrocnemes strong, circumscribed to somewhat diffuse, with easily recognizable pennon (fig. 6H). Retractor with numerous processes (23–33), tightly spaced, variable in height and degree of ramification, more branched at the pennon (fig. 6H). Parietal muscle small, weak, trianguloid, with longer, branched lamellae closer to body wall; central lamella thicker than side branches (fig. 6I). Specimens examined (holotype and paratype AMNH_IZC 331454) with spermatic cysts (fig. 6J), length 45.2–114.3 µm; species inferred to be gonochoric.</p> <p>CNIDOM (fig. 7): Spirocysts, basitrichs, p -mastigophores A. See figure 7 and table 1 for size and distribution.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND NATURAL HISTORY: The four specimens were collected in a single collection site in the Whittard Canyon approximately 450 Km from the SW coast of Ireland, North Atlantic, at 1130 m depth. Scolanthus celticus was collected less than 30 km from the type locality of S. shrimp, suggesting a pattern of sympatry common among edwardsiids (Daly and Ljubenkov, 2008).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The specific name celticus honors the Celtic Explorer, a multipurpose research vessel operated by the Marine Institute in Galway, Ireland, which collected specimens of the new species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6FD1DFFBD0B3AFE29FE102EE0F9CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gusmão, Luciana C.;Qu, Cherie;Burke, Sadie L.;Rodríguez, Estefanía	Gusmão, Luciana C., Qu, Cherie, Burke, Sadie L., Rodríguez, Estefanía (2020): Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland. American Museum Novitates 2020 (3945): 1-25, DOI: 10.1206/3945.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3945/3945.1/Two-New-Deep-Sea-Species-of-Burrowing-Anemones-Cnidaria/10.1206/3945.1.full
