identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F13487F4FFC1FFF38C4FB0DCFE77B126.text	F13487F4FFC1FFF38C4FB0DCFE77B126.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melychiopharis Simon 1895	<div><p>Melychiopharis Simon</p> <p>Melychiopharis Simon 1895: 907. Type­species by monotypy, M. cynips Simon, 1895.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Melychiopharis resembles some Hypognatha species in the opisthosoma covered with a dorsal, rounded scutum; it can be distinguished by the long, granulated carapace (Figs. 1–3) and by the distinctive male and female genitalia. The male palp is relatively simple for an araneid, with the embolus arising from a large, rounded base; a pointed conductor and an unusually elongated, thin and proximally directed median apophysis (Figs. 6–8). This palpal sclerite conformation resembles those of Heterognatha and Testudinaria species (Levi, in press), but differs by the long and filiform median apophysis. The female epigynum presents a posterior median oval depression in a lightly sclerotized, transparent area, with spermathecae and ducts visible (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Relationships. Simon (1895) implicitly proposed Hypognatha as a close relative to Melychiopharis. Indeed, several species of Hypognatha share with M. cynips the shape of the opisthosoma, the high clypeus, the simplified female epigynum and the proximally directed median apophysis (Levi 1996). In addition, several of these characters can be seen in Heterognatha and Testudinaria (Levi, in press), which also share with Melychiopharis the simplified male genitalia. Hence, it is possible that these three genera form a monophyletic group closely related to Hypognatha. This hypothesis can be tested with a cladistic analysis including exemplars from all those genera and, possibly, new morphological characters.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13487F4FFC1FFF38C4FB0DCFE77B126	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos, Adalberto J.;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Levi, Herbert W.	Santos, Adalberto J., Brescovit, Antonio D., Levi, Herbert W. (2005): Melychiopharis: an atypical orb-weaving spider from South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 1016 (1): 57-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1016.1.7, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1016.1.7
F13487F4FFC1FFF48C4FB42EFC83B1D9.text	F13487F4FFC1FFF48C4FB42EFC83B1D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melychiopharis cynips Simon 1895	<div><p>Melychiopharis cynips Simon</p> <p>Figures 1–11</p> <p>Melychiopharis cynips Simon 1895: 905, figs. 972–973 (Female holotype from the Amazon Basin, in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, not found, probably lost). Roewer 1942: 911; Bonnet 1957: 2765; Levi 2002: 562; Platnick, 2005 (in Theridiidae).</p> <p>Diagnosis. See generic diagnosis above.</p> <p>Description. Male. Carapace longer than wide, widest at the middle. Carapace, sternum and legs red­brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellow, with a large central and four marginal black patches. Venter orange. Eyes subequal in size (Fig. 1). Anterior median eyes separated by 1.5 diameters, 1.0 diameter from posterior medians. Lateral eyes approximately 3.0 diameters from the anterior medians. Median ocular quadrangle almost square. Height of clypeus equal to 1.5 diameters of anterior median eyes. Leg articles thin. Opisthosoma almost as long as wide. Dorsum covered with a single, dish­shaped scutum, with a lateral flange (Fig. 1). Venter soft, with an anterior and a posterior sclerotized area posterior to the epigastric groove. Anterior sclerotized area with a marked posterior sulcus (Fig. 4). Colulus small, without setae. Total length 1.9. Carapace 0.9 long, 0.6 wide. Femur I 0.64, patella and tibia 0.66, metatarsus 0.46, tarsus 0.25. Patella and tibia II 0.61, III 0.49, IV 0.65. Opisthosoma 0.9 long, 0.6 wide. Tegulum elongated mesally, with a rounded, sclerotized hump. Median apophysis distally bent. Paracymbium curved, convex, and rectangular in dorsal view (Figs. 6–8).</p> <p>Female. Body shape and coloration as in male, except for prosoma orange and opisthosoma yellow with five black patches. Relative eye interdistances as in male. Height of clypeus 2.5 diameters of anterior median eyes. Total length 2.5, carapace 1.1 long, 0.6 wide. Femur I 0.8, patella and tibia 0.8, metatarsus 0.5, tarsus 0.3. Patella and tibia II 0.7, III 0.6, IV 0.7. Opisthosoma 1.4 long, 1.3 wide. Epigynum median depression extending posteriorly, beyond epigastric sulcus. Copulatory openings located on the anterior corners of the median depression, not visible in ventral view. Copulatory ducts long, twisted, and encapsulated. Spermathecae oval and close together. Fertilization ducts long, dorsal to the spermathecae (Fig. 10).</p> <p>Natural history. One male specimen was collected by beating on the understory vegetation inside a 1 ha dry land forest fragment in Central Amazonia (IBSP 48718). The specimens from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke were collected by fogging on the canopy of three tree species: Pouteria glomerata (Sapotaceae), Micropholis guyanensis (Sapotaceae), and Corythophora alta (Lecythidaceae). Unfortunately no additional natural history observations were obtained for any specimen, and it is not known whether or not this species builds webs.</p> <p>Distribution. Northern, northeastern and central Brazil (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Fazenda Esteio, 10.IX.2002, F.N.A.A. Rego leg., 1♂ (IBSP 48718); Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, canopy fogging, 20.VII.1995, J.C.H. Guerrero leg., 1♂ (MPEG); 16.VIII.1995, 1♀ (MPEG); 15.X.1995, 1♂ (IBSP 51612); 1.IV.1996, 1♂ (INPA). Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhi, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.4/lat -11.383333)">Mata do Crasto</a> (11°23'S, 37°24'W), 9–13.IX.1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg., 1♀ (IBSP 50364). Goiás: Goiânia, 18.VI.1942, F. Lane leg., 1♀ (MZSP 1099).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13487F4FFC1FFF48C4FB42EFC83B1D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos, Adalberto J.;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Levi, Herbert W.	Santos, Adalberto J., Brescovit, Antonio D., Levi, Herbert W. (2005): Melychiopharis: an atypical orb-weaving spider from South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 1016 (1): 57-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1016.1.7, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1016.1.7
